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BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial, progressive, and increases by 3% per year since the age of a person passes 20 years. The ratio of the number of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines can describe the development of the process of atherosclerosis so that the higher the ratio will increase the chance of atherosclerosis. AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Bamboo shoot Gigantochloa apus (BSGA) extract on decreasing interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-10 level ratios in New Zealand White rabbits given an atherogenic diet. METHODS: This study uses BSGA extract freeze-dried aged 1–2 weeks and New Zealand White rabbits. Atherogenic feed uses 0.5% egg yolk and 5% pork oil which is added to the standard feed. Randomized pre- and post-test with control group design by dividing into four groups were used in this study. RESULTS: The mean ratio of IL-17 levels with IL-10 between before and after (p < 0.005) in all groups showed a significant difference. There was a trend of increasing the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 in all groups and the highest increase occurred in the control group which was 420%. CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of BSGA extract administration could reduce the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 and there is a correlation with a negative linear pattern between IL-10 and IL-17 with p = 0.034 which means that higher levels of IL-10 will reduce IL-17 levels.

Kabupaten Buru sejak 1970 dikembangkan sebagai daerah transmigrasi. Nuansa pertanian menjadi karakteristik Kabupaten Buru sehingga ditetapkan sebagai daerah lumbung beras nasional. Namun sejak ditemukan emas di Gunung Botak dan Gogrea pada 2011, Kabupaten Buru berubah menjadi daerah pertambangan emas ilegal. Akibatnya terjadi kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan yang masif disebabkan penggunaan sianida dan mercuri oleh penambang ilegal. Mengatasi persoalan ini, Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku bekerjasama dengan pihak ketiga (swasta) melakukan normalisasi dan perbaikan lingkungan di bekas tambang ilegal tetapi kerjasama dimaksud diduga rawan korupsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pencegahan korupsi disektor ini. Metode penelitian menggunakan Social Network Analysis, datanya bersifat kualitatif. Temuan penelitian yaitu kerjasama antara pemerintah Provinsi Maluku dengan pihak ketiga (swasta) yang diduga rawan korupsi dapat dicegah dengan melakukan pemetaan kerawanan korupsi untuk mengetahui pola relasi antar aktor kerjasama yang dapat cendrung mudah disuap sehingga diperoleh model kerjasama yang tidak berimplikasi korupsi. Kata kunci: Korupsi; Pertambangan; Kerjasama; Pemda; Swasta

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disease. The medications for treating AD are still limited, most of them are topical corticosteroid creams or antibiotics. The current study attempted to discover potential AD treatments by integrating a gene network and genomic analytic approaches. Herein, the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with AD were extracted from the GWAS catalog. We identified 70 AD-associated loci, and then 94 AD risk genes were found by extending to proximal SNPs based on r2 > 0.8 in Asian populations using HaploReg v4.1. Next, we prioritized the AD risk genes using in silico pipelines of bioinformatic analysis based on six functional annotations to identify biological AD risk genes. Finally, we expanded them according to the molecular interactions using the STRING database to find the drug target genes. Our analysis showed 27 biological AD risk genes, and they were mapped to 76 drug target genes. According to DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database, 25 drug target genes overlapping with 53 drugs were identified. Importantly, dupilumab, which is approved for AD, was successfully identified in this bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, ten drugs were found to be potentially useful for AD with clinical or preclinical evidence. In particular, we identified filgotinub and fedratinib, targeting gene JAK1, as potential drugs for AD. Furthermore, four monoclonal antibody drugs (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, tocilizumab, and canakinumab) were successfully identified as promising for AD repurposing. In sum, the results showed the feasibility of gene networking and genomic information as a potential drug discovery resource.

This chapter discusses the use of smart nanodevices in various pharmaceutical and medical applications, including drug delivery and disease diagnostics. Here, we give an overview of the global pharma market by focusing on the application of nanodevices in medical and interdisciplinary-related fields using nanoscaled materials. The section is then followed by brief perspectives and current trends of nanodevices, particularly for point-of-care applications incorporating nanomaterials. We also discuss recent achievements in nanopharmaceutical drug delivery and those publicly available in the global market. At the end of this chapter we discuss future prospects for intelligent nanomaterials, particularly in medicine and pharmaceutical endeavors.

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate tax avoidance to the corporate cash holdings. Recent tax avoidance research found that tax avoidance is able to facilitate managerial rent extraction in the form of transfer of resources owned by the company. This study attempts to test how the relationship of tax avoidance with the amount of cash held by the company. The sample consists of 46 non-financial, non-property, non-real estate and non-construction companies from 2009-2016, with a total 368 observations. The study uses two different cash holdings measures to test the robustness of the research results. This study cannot find evidence that tax avoidance have a significant relationship to the level of cash holdings in public companies in Indonesia. Both measurements of cash holdings gave the same conclusions to the results of the study. This study provides an insight that agency theory in the context of tax avoidance and corporate cash holdings in developing countries such as Indonesia needs to be explored further as the agency conflict in Indonesia as a developing country is more principal-principal conflicts.

Title book : Dinamika Sejarah Umat Islam Indonesia (The Dynamics of History of Islamic Society in Indonesia) Writer : Kuntowijoyo Publisher : Mata Bangsa, Yogyakarta Year Publishing : First edition : June 2017 Pages : i-x + 203  All human being is facing a “historical process.” In the process of history, many dynamics have occurred in both the ‹in concretoâ€o and ‹in abstractoâ€o worlds. Indonesian Muslims have also undergone the same thing, and in this important work, Kuntowijoyo attempts to map out the historical journey of Indonesian Muslims, using structural and cultural analysis that can explain the various essential roles of in this country. The development of Islam in Indonesia gives the massive impact on the Indonesian history. The Dynamics of the History of Islamic Society in Indonesia is one of important works of Kuntowijoyo that was first published in 1985 covering his articles he wrote during 1984 - 1985 and then republished in 2017. This book portrays the development of Islamic society in Indonesia with a unique point of view. The author used sociocultural and socio-economic perspective to analyze the history of Islamic civilization from the early stage until the industrialization era, which rarely becomes the concern of intellectuals in Indonesia.

The accuracy of electrocardiogram (ECG) delineation can affect the precise diagnose for cardiac disorders interpretation. Some nonideal ECG presentation can make a false decision in precision medicine. Besides, the physiological variation of heart rate and different characteristics of the different ECG waves in terms of shape, frequency, amplitude, and duration is also affected. This paper proposes a discrete wavelet transform (DWT), non-stationary signal analysis for noise removal, and onset-offset of PQRST feature extraction. A well-known database from Physionet: QT database (QTDB) is used to validate the DWT function for detecting the onset and offset of P-wave, QRS-complex, and T-wave localization. From the results, P-peak detection gets the highest result that achieves 2.19 and 13.62 milliseconds of mean error and standard deviation, respectively. In contrast, Toff has obtained the highest error value due to differences in the T-wave morphology. It can be affected by inverted or biphasic T-waves and others.

The mangrove forest ecosystem is unique, both because of the subtract of siltation which results in less soil abrasion, high soil salinity, and experiencing a cycle of inundation by tides. Only a few plant species survive in such a place, and most of these species are unique to mangroves because they have undergone a process of adaptation and evolution. It is not widely known how far the mangrove areas are spread in Aceh. Therefore, research needs to be carried out with the aim of knowing the extent of the sustainability of mangrove management in terms of sediment characteristics. Information about the distribution, area and change of mangrove land cover can be determined by spatial analysis using a Geographical Information System (GIS) using ArcGIS. The method used in this research is the transect method and analysed based on the identification of mangrove species. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, it was identified that the mangrove species found in the research location of Peukan Bada sub-district (West Aceh Besar) consit of Rhizopora mucronata and Sonneratia alba, while the mangrove species found in Baitussalam (north Aceh Besar) were Rhizopora mucronata and Sonneratia alba. Meanwhile, based on observations with satellite imagery and location surveys, it was found that the mangroves in Baitussalam sub-district were denser and spread evenly than in the Peukan Bada area.

Spatially, the composition of mangrove vegetation and macro-zoobenthos varies due to the characteristics of the sediment substrate in mangrove area. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the elements contained in the sediments in the mangrove area and to identify macro-zoobenthos species based on the characteristics of the sediment subtract in Peukan Bada and Baitussalam of Aceh Besar district. The method used in this research is the coring method for sediment sampling, while the sediment characteristics analysis was carried out by the sieve method. For the presence of mangroves, the transect method is applied and analysed based on the identification of mangrove species characteristics in the laboratory. Meanwhile, macro-zoobenthos were collected based on mangrove density using hand grabs and sieved at a size of 0.5 mm, then analysis of the dominance and partial correlation between the sediments of the mangrove area and the presence of macro-zoobenthos was carried out. The results show that 89% of the substrate is a muddy fine sand sediment with the dominance of the mangrove species Rhizopora mucronate and Sonneratia alba species. The dominance level of macro-zoobenthos is in the low to high category with a dominance value of 0.47 - 0.88. Furthermore, the partial correlation test for mangroves, macro-zoobenthos and sediment showed that there was a strong relationship between them.

The coast of Banda Aceh City has a gentle sloping beach morphology, making it prone to changes in coastlines due to hydro-oceanographic dynamics. Areas that are particularly vulnerable are the mangrove areas and around the Krueng Aceh estuary and coastal area of Lampulo. Therefore, to determine the extent of shoreline changes, a spatial analysis of coastal vulnerability was carried out with the aim of knowing how much change had occurred at Lampulo beach in Banda Aceh City of Aceh Province. The research was conducted using Google Earth data technology and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The analysis was carried out over a period of 14 years starting from 2004 to 2017. Field data verification and georeferencing were also carried out to check the accuracy of mapping and calculations. The results showed that in 2004-2005 there was a large erosion that changed the shape of the coastal profile where the mangrove coastline turned into water without mangroves as a result of the tsunami on December 26, 2004. In 2008-2009, after the construction of the breakwater and the Port of Lampulo there was a large accretion occurred having the impact on the morphology of the coast. The results also concluded that the annual average accretion value was 20.48 ha and the annual abrasion was 19.28 ha. The value of shoreline reduction due to abrasion is around 217.25 ha and accretion of 166.56 ha over a period of 14 years.

Gunungkidul Regency is one of five regencies in Yogyakarta Province which is rich of natural tourism destination objects. Each tourism object has its own potential and characteristic that distinguishes one with other tourism objects. However, the tourism potency have not been exposed to public properly, and the local government has not sufficiently use the data of visitors as the basis for planning and development of tourism objects in Gunungkidul Regency. This research tries to evaluate the use of BIG DATA, especially social media data, to analyze the tourism potency based on the public opinions and visits. For this purpose, Instagram data was utilized as the main data for the analysis. The data was collected between December 18, 2017 to February 3, 2018 using Instagram API. The data then was pre-processed to clear or filter the duplication data, to filter the data based on selective location or study area namely Gunungkidul Regency, as well as to filter the data which match with the topic of the research namely “tourism”. Some analysis then were conducted, namely spatial analysis, statistical analysis, and caption analysis. The spatial and statistical analysis were aimed to find spatial pattern of tourists visits at several locations in the form of spatial density of each tourism destinations with respect to temporal aspect. Analysis of captions is done by filtering Instagram data by using some keywords that can indicate tourism potency . Data was visualized using Carto Builder. Results show that some effort is needed to utilize the Instagram data for t his purpose. The data is efficient and effective to be used to visualize spatial-temporal pattern of visitors at tourism destinations, as well as to understand tourism destinations objects potency in Gunungkidul Regency. However, this analysis cannot be done in realtime due to a limitation in collecting data from Instagram API.

Clearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the ultimate aim of treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Genetic, factor age, and gender were reported to be involved in the clearance of HBsAg. However, the rate of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB patients is still low globally and few of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been identified to associated with HBsAg seroclearance in CHB patients. Recently, 3 associated SNPs (rs7944135, rs171941, and rs6462008) were reported in the clearance of HBsAg in the Korean population. However, these SNPs have not been investigated in the CHB Taiwanese population. In present study, these 3 SNPs were genotyped in 2565 Taiwanese CHB patients including 493 CHB patients with HBsAg seroclearance and 2072 without HBsAg seroclearance. We observed that SNP rs7944135 was solely associated with HBsAg seroclearance. Subjects with the AA genotype at rs7944135 of macrophage-expressed gene 1 had a higher susceptibility to HBsAg clearance, compared to those with the AG or GG genotype under the genotypic model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76. 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–2.72, P = .045). Furthermore, we found a 1.74-fold increased risk of acquiring HBsAg seroclearance associated with the AA genotype compared to AG + GG of rs7944135 under the recessive model (OR = 1.74. 95% CI = 1.13–2.66, P = .014). According to the cumulative fraction curve with the log-rank test revealed that patients with the AA genotype of rs7944135 showed higher susceptibility to occur HBsAg seroclearance (P = .039) and HBV DNA undetectable (P = .0074) compared to those with the AG or GG genotype. This study examined the associations of 3 SNPs (rs7944135, rs171941, and rs6462008) with HBsAg seroclearance, and we identified that rs7944135 is solely associated with HBsAg seroclearance in Taiwanese CHB patients.

Fisheries management is an integrated approach using EAFM (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management) is to be able to guarantee the long-term utilization of fishery and maintain the fish stock in the manifest. The purpose of this research is to know the details of the Institutional domain EAFM indicators in Simeulue District and how the level of effectiveness against the management of the fishery based EAFM. This research was conducted in January until April 2018 on Institutional Commander LaotLhokSimeulue Timur. The data collection methods used by doing the interview and the dissemination of the questionnaire, as well as data obtained from institutions. Methods of analysis used are a composite analysis with simple arithmetic and visualization average flag model (flag modeling). The results showed that the Commander Laotdimasing-masing location has a different value in Commander LaotLhokSimeulue Timur gained an aggregate value of 89 and is in good condition.

The objective of the study is to analyse the rainfall variability and temperature over Greater Aceh and its correlation to ENSO event. Long-term rainfall observation data spanning from 1982-2018 was retrieved from meteorological station of Blang Bintang, Greater Aceh. The Pearson correlation was employed to find the relationship between rainfall and El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occurrence. It is shown from frequency analysis that rainfall decreased in the 90s. After the tsunami as climate change become unequivocal the rainfall trend increase as a result of land use change and much worst as severe ENSO 2015 arrived over the region which statistically significant was found between those two corresponding events. During El Niño, rainfall is less while La Niña more rainfall than normal drop over the region. To cope with climate change issues where ENSO is very likely to occur in future time, an appropriate mitigation is required to conduct for instance: managing forest resources and land use by reducing deforestation and land conversion, the control of fossil fuel burning, and the most important thing is to establish a renewable energy as an effort to implement sustainable green energy in the future as well as climate risk reduction.

Based on the geological records, the tsunami in 2004 has resulted in coastline shifts along the west coast of Aceh. One of the beaches in the western region that undergoes a major coastline change is Lampuuk beach. This study aims to determine the shoreline changes occurring at Lampuuk beach. The study of coastline changes was done by utilizing remote sensing using satellite imagery and geographic information system. Geographic information systems were used to analyze spatial data obtained from multitemporal satellite imagery before and after the tsunami disaster. The results show that coastline changes occur very significantly during the 2004 tsunami and persisted until 2005, but after 2010 the coastline was back to normal. During 2001-2005 there was a reduction in coastal plains caused by the 2004 tsunami waves. In 2005-2018 the sedimentation process at Lampuuk Beach was more dominant, assisting to adjust the shape of the coastal profile as before the 2004 tsunami. The results also show that the Lampuuk area was more sedimentary than erosion.

Objective A polymorphism of CYP2E1 may be directly associated with the development of INH hepatotoxicity. We conducted this study to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of CYP2E1, Isoniazid (INH) concentration and the acetylator status of INH in cases of Indonesian tuberculosis patients with drug-induced liver disease (DILI). Methods We conducted our study with a cohort design consisting of 55 Indonesian adult tuberculosis (TB) patients. Acetylating phenotypes were studied in using the metabolic ratio of plasma AcHZ/HZ. DILI was defined using CTCAV version 4.0. The allelic and genotypic frequency distributions of CYP2E1 rs 3813867 were studied using the polymerase chain reaction – amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) methodology. Results Patients with an INH concentration of more than 7 μg/mL showed a higher risk of developing DILI when compared with patients who showed a therapeutic range of 3–6 μg/mL INH (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.2–8.2). Slow acetylators had a higher incidence of DILI when compared with rapid acetylators (OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.3–15.9). Meanwhile, subjects with GC had a higher risk of DILI incidence (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 0.8–24.4). Conclusion Our study shows that polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and slow acetylator may have role in the DILI incidence.

Indonesia has eight provinces that are characterized as island regions, but in the setting of marine resource management authority is equated with the continental characterized provinces. Normative provisions apply but people in areas characterized by islands have been treated unfairly. In addition, the licensing system and the distribution of funds allocated as well as unfavorable framework in the implementation of regional autonomy. National government policies are deemed too oriented to the land where it is not appropriate to the needs of the regions. As a result, they are demanding to be no laws governing special about Islands Province. Government responded to amend the legislation on local government in accommodating the interests of the islands. The setting of the DAU and DAK, also provide more financial portion to the islands. It is expected to bring changes to the community. Implementation of regionally based local autonomy, excellence spatial and local potential is a determinant factor the success of regional development framework. Development process should be done based on diversity of various aspects that also needed a different treatment in each province. Thus, the question is whether the political law of the islands is done through changes and harmonization of the local governments law to provide a guarantee of justice so the demands for legislation that specifically regulates an island province is not matter any more. This study expected to find the values of justice and the foundation to be harmonized, so there exist principle of fairness in the management of marine resources in the waters of the area characterized by islands