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BACKGROUND: Neuregulins (NRGs) are one of the epidermal growth factors (EGF) superfamily, which released in cellular injuries, such as neurons and myocardial cells. Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) could be activated when stress happens to myocardial cells, acting as a survival factor to repair the injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is also produced during oxidative stress in cardiac injury. In vivo study of myocardial cells in rats and dogs that got ischemic, dilated, and viral cardiomyopathy showed that NRG-1 could improve the injured cardiac performance, attenuated pathological changes, and prolonged survival of the cells. AIM: We aimed to observe NRG-1 levels in CAD patients in Indonesia, mainly focused in Minang ethnicity. This study also analyzes the relationship between NRG-1 and MDA with CAD’s severity. METHODS: We measured plasma NRG-1 in 61 nondiabetic patients within 38–82 years old range with STEMI, NSTEMI, and UAP. RESULTS: We found their plasma NRG1, respectively, was 10.3 (1.9–38.2) ng/ml, 14.3 ± 7.2 ng/ml, and 7.05 (4.5–0.4) ng/mL. Plasma NRG 1 increased in AMI patients. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that NRG1’s activated during cardiac cells injury, in any AMI.

Background: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedure (PPCI) results in reperfusion injury which will result in more extensive infarction. Remote Ischemic Postconditioning (RIPC) is a protective strategy to reduce the increase in the area of ​​infarction. miRNA-145 also plays a role in the protective effect of IPC and RIPC. Research Methods: This study uses a pre and post test approach only with control group design with experimental research designs. Data is taken at the Integrated Heart Services Installation RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from July to November 2019, 40 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) performed RIPC. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine differences in levels of miRNA-145 and troponin I in STEMI patients underwent PPCI with and without RIPC using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test. Results:A total of 40 patients who underwent the PPCI procedure were divided into two groups PPCI + RIPC (n = 20) and PPCI without RIPC (n = 20). There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics between the two groups. There were no significant difference in escalation of median expression of miRNA-145 in PPCI+ RIPC [pre test 36.33 (27.44-52.39), post test 34.83 (27.65-65.26), p = 0.765] compared to PPCI without RIPC [pre test 31.66 (26.31-43.28), post test 33.43 (26.83-64.97), p = 0.765]. There were an increase in median troponin I levels in both groups, PPCI+ RIPC [pretest 4,104.70 (67.30-40,000.00), post test 30,448.50 (120.00-16.3192.20), p = 0.001] and PPCI without RIPC [pretest 826.50 (17.00-48.259.00), post test 42.784.50 (2,119.00-162.897.00), p =

Patient that experiencing stroke or accident will leads to arm muscle paralysis and they could either suffer from partial arm paralysis or total arm paralysis. However, one of the challenge is to make the treatment session performs better. Currently, the patient has to go to rehabilitation centres or hospitals to get the treatment as the rehabilitation device is not portable. Furthermore, they have to go back and forth for recuperation session as accommodation or other facilities are not provided at certain rehabilitation centres. Therefore, the arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring system is developed to lessen the above issue. This project is focusing on patient's arm mobility to heal and maintain the strength of affected muscle. Thus, the doctor will be able to observe the patient's upper limb arm activity in real time monitoring using the Labview application. This system could assist the doctor to diagnose and analyse the current patient's arm performance from the recorded data. The parameters such as patient's hand grip, distal phalanges, elbow motion and bicep muscle contraction will determine the level of grip, the movement and the contraction activities via input from Arduino interface. Experiments have been conducted on 25 volunteers from different categories such as gender, age and physical condition based on proposed parameters. The results show that the development of arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring system could be used to determine the patient's condition based on the activity of finger gripped, muscle arm contraction and hand movement values as well as to strengthen the patient's arm throughout the rehabilitation process.

Muscle paralysis can be defined as the loss of muscle function. This is caused by the failure of the nerves that send signals for muscle movement. It is often caused by the damage of nervous system especially at the spinal cord. Other major conditions of muscle paralysis are stroke, trauma and muscular dystrophy. This muscle function loss can be a partial or total muscle function loss. Partial muscle function loss or paralysis affects a part of the body whereas total muscle function loss affects the whole body. Arm paralysis is a partial paralysis of muscle function. It can be detected by feeling loss at the arm and unable to lift up the arm as there is sensory damage or motor damage of the arm. The only treatment to treat partial paralysis is through convalescence or rehabilitation. This includes physical therapy and occupational therapy for recuperation. Therefore, the development of arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring by using LabVIEW is in the scope of physical therapy where it is focuses on mobility, help to maintain and build any strength that remained in affected muscle. The distinctive part about this monitoring of muscle arm contraction rehabilitation development by using LabVIEW is the patients and doctors are able to see the progress in real time of the patient's arm muscle contraction. By using LabVIEW, it displays the data of recorded parameters on how much force is exerted from the patient's grip referring to index finger, middle finger and ring finger and rotation angle of the arm at the wrist and elbow when they move upward or downward. The sensors used are electromyogram sensor to detect muscle contraction, variable resistor for arm rotation angle and force sensitive resistor to detect the forces grip. From this, the activities of the patients‟ arm can be recognized

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) still a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. The risk stratification of ADHF patients is an important factor to determine the initial management. Examination of lactic acid levels is an inexpensive tool and mostly available at primary care centers. Lactate clearance, derivation of lactic acid level, is one of the modalities that can be used to assess risk stratification. The association between lactate clearance and in-hospital major cardiovascular events (MACE) of ADHF patients has not been studied yet. Method: Observational approach with cross-sectional design. Data obtained from observations during treatment in ADHF patients at Dr. RSUP M. Djamil Padang in April-July 2018. Bivariate analysis between variables lactate clearance and KKM was carried out during the treatment using the chi-square method and the Odds ratio was obtained. Result: From 44 subjects, 22 of subjects experienced MACE. From the results were found significant differences in lactate clearance in both of groups, -11,72 ± 4,25 %, vs 26,09 ± 9,36 % (p=0,000). The association between lactate clearance and in-hospital major cardiovascular events of ADHF patients in this study obtained OR 1,16 with 95% CI 1,12 - 4,102 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Lactate clearance is a valuable modality that can be used to make a risk stratification in ADHF patients. Keywords: Lactate clearance, ADHF, risk stratification ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Gagal jantung dekompensata akut (ADHF) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Stratifikasi risiko pasien ADHF merupakan faktor penting untuk menentukan managemen awal. Pemeriksaan kadar asam laktat merupakan alat yang murah dan tersedia di pusat pelayanan primer, lactate clearance merupakan salah satu modalitas untuk menilai stratifikasi risiko. Hubungan antara lactate clearance dengan kejadian kardioavaskular mayor selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF belum diteliti. Metode Penelitian: Pendekatan observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari pengamatan selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang bulan April-Juli 2018. Dilakukan analisis bivariat antara varibel lactate clearance dengan KKM selama perawatan dengan menggunakan metode chi-square dan didapatkan nilai Odds ratio. Hasil Penelitian : Dari 44 subyek penelitian, 22 subjek dengan ADHF tidak mengalami KKM dan 22 subjek mengalami KKM. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna variabel lactate clerance pada kedua kelompok, yakni -11,72 ± 4,25 % vs 26,09 ± 9,36 %, dengan nilai p=0,000. Hubungan antara lactate clearance dengan kejadian kardioavaskular mayor selama perawatan pada pasien ADHF pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai OR 1,16 dengan 95% CI 1,12 - 4,102 (nilai p=0,000). Kesimpulan : Lactate clearance dapat digunakan sebagai stratifikasi risiko pada pasien ADHF. Kata kunci : Lactate clearance, ADHF, stratifikasi risiko

To find out financial performance PT. PP (Persero) Tbk. Data analysis in this study uses quantitative descriptive by comparing the company's financial ratios using the Liquidity Ratio, Solvability Ratio, Activity Ratio, Solvability Ratio Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the financial performance of PT. PP (Persero) Tbk. in 2014 until 2016 where the liquidity ratio felt in a liquid state because it was in the financial ratio. The solvency ratio is in an unhealthy state, because the debt to equity ratio and debt to asset ratio are below the standard financial ratio. The activity ratio is in good condition, because the receivable turn over and inventory turn over are at the financial ratio standard. The profitability ratio is in an unhealthy state, because the net profit margin and return of investment are below the standard financial ratio.Keywords: Liquidity Ratio, Solvability Ratio, Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio.

This study aimed to determine the effect of P2Y12 inhibition by ticagrelor and clopidogrel and its effect on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction who underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. The design in this study was a quasi-experimental. The study was conducted at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang and the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas in August - December 2016. The population in this study were acute coronary syndrome patients who were treated in the Department of Cardiology of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang and underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The relationship between the Platelet Reaction Unit (PRU) value above or below the cut-off with the occurrence of MACE through the chi-square test. A two-tailed P-value of

Myocardial infarction is influenced by various risk factors consist of gender, age, family history, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and menopause. The aim of this study was to describe the description of sex, age and risk factors possessed by patients with ST segments Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) procedures at Dr. M. Djamil hospital Padang. Amount of 40 people were obtained specifically for STEMI patients who underwent PPCI and were treated at the integrated heart services installation of RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang from July-September 2019. The research variables measured were age, sex, risk factors for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smokers, dyslipidemia, family history and menopause. Data was analyzed in the form of univariate analysis, which explained each research variable according to the proportion and frequency values. The results were found in 40 patients with acute ST segments elevation myocardial infarction, all aged > 40 years, most were male (85%) and the most risk factor was smoking (82,5%). We conclude that STEMI patients who underwent PPCI in dr.M. Djamil hospital Padang from July-September 2019 were all > 40 years old, most were male, with the most risk factors were smokers.

Rice is one of nine main commodities in Indonesia and it has been the main food for Indonesian people for over decades. Indonesian Bureau of Logistics (Bulog) is a company under Indonesian Government which is responsible to manage the distribution of the Rice Commodity. Sourcing process of the Rice Commodity is the most crucial process in Bulog. In spite of the importance of the process, the sourcing process was not maintained using any system at all. For such an important organization, which manages important product, the sourcing process of rice commodity at Bulog should be measured and monitored. Supply chain processes, such as sourcing product, have to be measured and monitored in order to assure that the processes are well executed and to give aid for improvements. Hence, in this paper, Supply Chain Measurement System is designed based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference model and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Thereafter, a monitoring system that is capable to monitor each of the metrics in the system is designed in a web-based application. This research leads to seventeen metrics in total which are distributed into four performance attributes on the designed Supply Chain Measurement System. The most important performance attribute in rice sourcing process was Reliability with 0.593 in AHP weighting. The designed monitoring system was able to provide a compact summary and a brief insight into the condition of the monitored process to the executives of the organization.

The usage of near field communication (NFC)-enabled mobile phone devices increased in several sectors such as identification, connected home, payment, and business. Moreover, the implementation of NFC in many field which is closely related to personal data of consumers or users. Therefore, security issues in NFC-enabled mobile phone devices has become one of challenging for utilizing this technology in consumer privacy concerns. In this research, the author analyze and conducted security testing on NFC-enabled mobile phones based on reader/writer operating mode in peer-to-peer fashion manner to find a few vulnerabilities. The author use Denial-of-Service attack methods for the attacking NFC-enabled mobile phones through NDEF messages by two semantic levels of Distributed Denial-of-Service attack techniques, first is Attacking an application technique used to make a NFC-enabled mobile phones browser could not handle when the opening a single URL which contain infinite loop, for a moment the browser opened one hundred page more and appear dialog box “browser isn't responding”. Second is exploiting vulnerability in NFC-enabled mobile phones, the author develop a simple app.apk which set appname 500000+ chars in strings.xml file. This app give some serious impact the NFC-enabled mobile phones, where the smartphones for a few moment could not respond any interaction from user and after several times the smartphone can respond slowly some interactions from the user, crash and rebooting automatically. The proof of concepts have been conducted on three NFC-enabled mobile phones.