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9,137 results on '"Morrow AS"'

1. Updated and Expanded Small Business Statistics

Author: Georgi, Patrick, Morrow, Lonna, and Highfill, Tina
Subjects: Small business -- Statistics, Wages -- Statistics, Small business, Salary, SOHO, Business, Economics
Abstract: Wages, Employment, and Gross Output by Industry and Enterprise Size, 2012-2017 This paper presents newly released estimates of wages, employment, and gross output by industry and enterprise size for 2012 [...]
Published: 2021

2. Moderate reliability of the lateral step down test amongst experienced and novice physical therapists

Author: Sarah Clagg, Lucas VanEtten, Matt Morrow, Claire Spech, Cody J Mansfield, Adam Ingle, Matthew S. Briggs, Adrian Largent, Katherine K. Rethman, and Thanvi Vatti
Subjects: Adult, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Kinesiology, business.industry, Movement, Reproducibility of Results, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motion (physics), Test (assessment), Physical Therapists, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patellofemoral pain, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Physical therapy, Exercise Test, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Movement quality, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: The lateral step-down test is used to appraise movement quality in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP), however, it is unclear if reliability of the test is affected by physical therapist experience.Determine if there is a difference in reliability between 'experienced' and 'novice' physical therapists appraising movement quality of patients with PFP during the lateral step-down test.Three 'experienced' and 3 'novice' physical therapists analyzed movement quality of 22 participants [mean age (SD) 28.25 (6.5) years] with PFP. Physical therapists viewed two-dimensional videos of participants performing the lateral step-down test and appraised the quality with a score (0-1 = 'good'; 2-3 = 'fair', and 4-5 = 'poor') at baseline and 1 week. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were calculated with kappa and percent agreement. Differences between the groups were assessed with the chi-square test with an a priori alpha level of0.05.Inter- and intra-rater reliability ranged from fair to moderate (ĸ = 0.40-0.65). There was no difference in reliability between 'experienced' and 'novice' physical therapists at baseline (There was no difference in reliability between 'experienced' and 'novice' physical therapists using categories to appraise movement quality during the lateral step-down test for patients with chronic PFP.
Published: 2023

3. Central domestic packaged heat pump hot water (HPWH) systems can significantly reduce energy usage and provide a consistent and reliable source of hot water

Author: Morrow, Dave and Spielman, Scott
Subjects: Energy conservation -- Usage, Dwellings -- Usage, Housing -- Usage, Water -- Usage, Housing authorities -- Usage, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract: From the street, Bayview Tower in downtown Seattle looks like many other 1970s-era affordable housing apartments found across the U.S. This 13-story, 100-apartment property, run by the Seattle Housing Authority [...]
Published: 2022

4. Visualization of user interactions with a pressure mapping mobile application for wheelchair users at risk for pressure injuries

Author: Gary D Goldish, Christine M. Olney, John Ferguson, Melissa M. Morrow, Tamara L. Vos-Draper, Andrew H. Hansen, Byron Eddy, and Brianna M. Goodwin
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Power user, Article, Wheelchair, Data visualization, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Phone, medicine, Humans, Spinal Cord Injuries, media_common, Aged, Pressure mapping, Creative visualization, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Middle Aged, Mobile Applications, Visualization, Wheelchairs, Weight shift, Female, business
Abstract: Pressure injuries for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) are correlated with mortality and are a leading cause for rehospitalizations. The Assisted Weight Shift (AW-Shift©) is a mobile pressure mapping application designed to provide users with a live map view and reminders to perform weight shifts. Novel visualization techniques were used to understand daily distributions of user interaction wit h AW-Shift©. The date and time of system interactions were recorded for six participants with SCI over 7 days (five males/one female, five manual users/one power user, 55.3 ± 17.3 years old, 10.6 ± 6.5 years since injury). Circular frequency plots were created to visualize the time and frequency participants brought the app to the foreground of their phone and received alerts and reminders to complete weight shifts. While some participants used the system regularly throughout the day, others primarily used it before 8am; highlighting the system's importance for regular spot checks and morning wheelchair setup. Participant adherence to weight shift reminders was low suggesting the live pressure map may be more useful. Circular frequency plots can be used by clinicians to more easily review large amounts of patient data. Future work will investigate raw pressure mat data and create a closed-loop weight shift detection algorithm.
Published: 2023

5. Cogeneration puts New York college on the: LEADING EDGE of SUSTAIN-ABILITY: The project has saved the school more than $17,000 in annual electricity costs

Author: Morrow, Eric
Subjects: Community colleges -- Energy use -- Buildings and facilities -- Environmental aspects, Environmental sustainability -- Methods, Cogeneration power plants -- Usage, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract: Finger Lakes Community College (FLCC) has served upstate New York for more than 50 years. Annual enrollment is about 6,000--and normally, most students attend classes at the 250-acre main campus [...]
Published: 2020

6. Engineering Impacts of Anonymous Author Code Review: A Field Experiment

Author: Ben Holtz, Lan Cheng, Ciera Jaspan, Emerson Murphy-Hill, Collin Green, Carolyn D. Egelman, Andrea Knight, Jillian Dicker, Elizabeth Kammer, Margaret Morrow Hodges, and Matthew Jorde
Subjects: Focus (computing), Code review, Computer science, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Data science, Code (semiotics), Best coding practices, Software, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Identity (object-oriented programming), The Internet, business, computer
Abstract: Code review is a powerful technique to ensure high quality software and spread knowledge of best coding practices between engineers. Unfortunately, code reviewers may have biases about authors of the code they are reviewing, which can lead to inequitable experiences and outcomes. In principle, anonymous author code review can reduce the impact of such biases by withholding an author's identity from a reviewer. In this paper, to understand the engineering effects of using author anonymous code review in a practical setting, we applied the technique to 5217 code reviews performed by 300 software engineers at Google. Our results suggest that during anonymous author code review, reviewers can frequently guess authors identities; that focus is reduced on reviewer-author power dynamics; and that the practice poses a barrier to offline, high-bandwidth conversations. Based on our findings, we recommend that those who choose to implement anonymous author code review should reveal the time zone of the author by default, have a break-the-glass option for revealing author identity, and reveal author identity directly after the review.
Published: 2022
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7. Gut Microbiome Composition and Serum Metabolome Profile Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury and Normal Glucose Tolerance or Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Erika D. Womack, Amie McLain, Ceren Yarar-Fisher, Stephen Barnes, Landon Wilson, Jia Li, and Casey D. Morrow
Subjects: Adult, 030506 rehabilitation, Population, Physiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Type 2 diabetes, Prediabetic State, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Metabolome, Humans, Prediabetes, education, Spinal Cord Injuries, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Akkermansia, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Glucose, Phenylacetylglutamine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective To compare the gut microbiome composition and serum metabolome profile among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (preDM/T2D). Design Cross-sectional design. Setting Research university. Participants A total of 25 adults (N=25) with SCI were included in the analysis and categorized as NGT (n=16) or preDM/T2D (n=9) based on their glucose concentration at minute 120 during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The American Diabetes Association diagnosis guideline was used for grouping participants. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures A stool sample was collected and used to assess the gut microbiome composition (alpha and beta diversity, microbial abundance) via the 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing technique. A fasting serum sample was used for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based untargeted metabolomics analysis, the results from which reflect the relative quantity of metabolites detected and identified. Gut microbiome and metabolomics data were analyzed by the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 and Metaboanalyst platforms, respectively. Results Gut microbiome alpha diversity (Pielou's evenness index, Shannon's index) and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) differed between groups. Compared with participants with NGT, participants with preDM/T2D had less evenness in microbial communities. In particular, those with preDM/T2D had a lower abundance of the Clostridiales order and higher abundance of the Akkermansia genus, as well as higher serum levels of gut-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine (P Conclusions Our results provide evidence for altered gut microbiome composition and dysregulation of gut-derived metabolites in participants with SCI and preDM/T2D. Both indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases in the able-bodied population. These findings may inform future investigations in the field of SCI and cardiometabolic health.
Published: 2022
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8. Muscle 'islands': An MRI signature distinguishing neurogenic from myopathic causes of early onset distal weakness

Author: Battini Roberta, Reilly Mary M., Manzur Adnan, Astrea Guja, Mercuri Eugenio, Gunny Roxana, Muntoni Francesco, M. Morrow Jasper, and Yousry Tarek A
Subjects: Muscle tissue, Weakness, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, Distal spinal muscular atrophy, medicine, Humans, In patient, Muscle, Skeletal, Myopathy, Genetics (clinical), Early onset, Muscle Weakness, Muscle biopsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Neuromuscular Diseases, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Etiology, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Muscle MRI has an increasing role in diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular diseases, but no features are known which reliably differentiate myopathic and neurogenic conditions. Using patients presenting with early onset distal weakness, we aimed to identify an MRI signature to distinguish myopathic and neurogenic conditions. We identified lower limb MRI scans from patients with either genetically (n=24) or clinically (n=13) confirmed diagnoses of childhood onset distal myopathy or distal spinal muscular atrophy. An initial exploratory phase reviewed 11 scans from genetically confirmed patients identifying a single potential discriminatory marker concerning the pattern of fat replacement within muscle, coined “islands”. This pattern comprised small areas of muscle tissue with normal signal intensity completely surrounded by areas with similar intensity to subcutaneous fat. In the subsequent validation phase, islands correctly classified scans from all 12 remaining genetically confirmed patients, and 12/13 clinically classified patients. In the genetically confirmed patients MRI classification of neurogenic/myopathic aetiology had 100% accuracy (24/24) compared with 65% accuracy (15/23) for EMG, and 79% accuracy (15/19) for muscle biopsy. Future studies are needed in other clinical contexts, however the presence of islands appears to highly suggestive of a neurogenic aetiology in patients presenting with early onset distal motor weakness.
Published: 2022
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9. Disaster Preparedness Among Women With a Recent Live Birth in Hawaii - Results From the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2016

Author: Penelope Strid, Judy Kern, Holly B. Shulman, Sascha R. Ellington, Jane Awakuni, L. Duane House, Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, Marianne E. Zotti, Brian Morrow, and Matthew J Shim
Subjects: Male, Pregnancy risk, Population, Psychological intervention, Risk Assessment, Hawaii, Article, Disasters, Pregnancy, Environmental health, Medicine, Humans, education, Child, Response rate (survey), education.field_of_study, Emergency management, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Monitoring system, Preparedness, Population Surveillance, Female, business, Live birth, Live Birth
Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to examine emergency preparedness behaviors among women with a recent live birth in Hawaii.Methods:Using the 2016 Hawaii Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we estimated weighted prevalence of 8 preparedness behaviors.Results:Among 1010 respondents (weighted response rate, 56.3%), 79.3% reported at least 1 preparedness behavior, and 11.2% performed all 8 behaviors. The prevalence of women with a recent live birth in Hawaii reporting preparedness behaviors includes: 63.0% (95% CI: 58.7-67.1%) having enough supplies at home for at least 7 days, 41.3% (95% CI: 37.1-45.6%) having an evacuation plan for their child(ren), 38.7% (95% CI: 34.5-43.0%) having methods to keep in touch, 37.8% (95% CI: 33.7-42.1%) having an emergency meeting place, 36.6% (95% CI: 32.6-40.9%) having an evacuation plan to leave home, 34.9% (95% CI: 30.9-39.2%) having emergency supplies to take with them if they have to leave quickly, 31.8% (95% CI: 27.9-36.0%) having copies of important documents, and 31.6% (95% CI: 27.7-35.8%) having practiced what to do during a disaster.Conclusions:One in 10 women practiced all 8 behaviors, indicating more awareness efforts are needed among this population in Hawaii. The impact of preparedness interventions implemented in Hawaii can be tracked with this question over time.
Published: 2023

10. Compartment syndrome: a rare complication following laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Author: Atanu Pal, Darren Morrow, Kevin Seebah, and Jasmine Crane
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Foot drop, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Case Report, 030105 genetics & heredity, Compartment Syndromes, Fasciotomy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Laparoscopy, Compartment (pharmacokinetics), Aged, Leg, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Vascular surgery, Colorectal surgery, Surgery, medicine.symptom, Complication, business, Colorectal Surgery, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: We present a 71-year-old man who developed left calf pain after an elective laparoscopic assisted anterior resection. A clinical picture with a raised creatine kinase and negative Doppler ultrasound was suggestive of compartment syndrome. Successful surgical management was performed with two incisional fasciotomies to release all four compartments of the left leg. The patient recovered well postoperatively. The lateral incision was closed primarily while the medial incision required vacuum-assisted closure dressings and healed by secondary intention. Neither wound required skin grafts. The patient recovered well but had an extended hospital stay due to extensive physiotherapy requirements and mild foot drop. This report is intended as a guide for clinicians when considering differentials in calf pain following surgery and to keep in mind the small risk of developing compartment syndrome after pelvic surgery.
Published: 2023

11. Serial Assessment of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and the Effect of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Author: Pardeep S. Jhund, Kieran F. Docherty, Marc S. Sabatine, Eileen O'Meara, Daniel Lindholm, David A. Morrow, John J.V. McMurray, Petr Jarolim, Paul Welsh, Jose C. Nicolau, Naveed Sattar, AM Langkilde, Mikhail Kosiborod, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Vijay K. Chopra, Morten Schou, Ann Hammarstedt, David D. Berg, Inder S. Anand, Rudolf A. de Boer, and Cardiovascular Centre (CVC)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, BIOMARKERS, heart failure, Placebo, GUIDELINES, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, chemistry.chemical_compound, Glucosides, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, Humans, Benzhydryl Compounds, Dapagliflozin, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Trials as Topic, Ejection fraction, business.industry, troponin, NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Stroke Volume, clinical trial, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, PROGNOSTIC VALUE, Quartile, chemistry, Heart failure, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Numbers Needed To Treat
Abstract: Background: Circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) predominantly reflects myocardial injury, and higher levels are associated with a higher risk of worsening heart failure and death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Less is known about the prognostic significance of changes in hsTnT over time, the effects of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in relation to baseline hsTnT levels, and the effect of dapagliflozin on hsTnT levels. Methods: DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dapagliflozin (10 mg daily) in patients with New York Heart Association class II to IV symptoms and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% (median follow-up, 18.2 months). hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) was measured at baseline in 3112 patients and at 1 year in 2506 patients. The primary end point was adjudicated worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death. Clinical end points were analyzed according to baseline hsTnT and change in hsTnT from baseline to 1 year. Comparative treatment effects on clinical end points with dapagliflozin versus placebo were assessed by baseline hsTnT. The effect of dapagliflozin on hsTnT was explored. Results: Median baseline hsTnT concentration was 20.0 (25th–75th percentile, 13.7–30.2) ng/L. Over 1 year, 67.9% of patients had a ≥10% relative increase or decrease in hsTnT concentrations, and 43.5% had a ≥20% relative change. A stepwise gradient of higher risk for the primary end point was observed across increasing quartiles of baseline hsTnT concentration (adjusted hazard ratio Q4 versus Q1, 3.44 [95% CI, 2.46–4.82]). Relative and absolute increases in hsTnT over 1 year were associated with higher subsequent risk of the primary end point. The relative reduction in the primary end point with dapagliflozin was consistent across quartiles of baseline hsTnT ( P -interaction=0.55), but patients in the top quartile tended to have the greatest absolute risk reduction (absolute risk difference, 7.5% [95% CI, 1.0%–14.0%]). Dapagliflozin tended to attenuate the increase in hsTnT over time compared with placebo (relative least squares mean reduction, –3% [–6% to 0%]; P =0.076). Conclusions: Higher baseline hsTnT and greater increase in hsTnT over 1 year are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of the primary end point, irrespective of baseline hsTnT levels. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
Published: 2022
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12. Benchmarking a Robot Hand’s Ability to Translate Objects Using Two Fingers

Author: Joshua Campbell, John Morrow, Cindy Grimm, and Ravi Balasubramanian
Subjects: Measure (data warehouse), Control and Optimization, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Object (computer science), Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial Intelligence, Control and Systems Engineering, Control theory, Benchmark (computing), Table (database), Computer vision, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Test data, Asterisk, Principal axis theorem
Abstract: This paper presents a novel benchmark called the Asterisk Test that characterizes a hand's fingers' ability to translate an object on a table in eight linear directions, without moving the wrist, in a controller, object, and hand agnostic manner. The benchmark also enables a measure of the symmetry~(about the plane's principal axes) of the hand's ability to maneuver objects. The Asterisk Test's utility is demonstrated on two generic robot hand designs: a parallel jaw gripper and a two-linked, two fingered gripper. The method to analyze the test data in order to evaluate the hand is also provided. We conclude with a comparison of this benchmark to previous dexterity measures, such as manipulability. We also discuss how improved performance in this benchmark is indicative of simpler hand control.
Published: 2022
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13. Semaphorin-Plexin Signaling: From Axonal Guidance to a New X-Linked Intellectual Disability Syndrome

Author: Kenneth A. Myers, Ebba Alkhunaizi, Michelle M. Morrow, Jiddeke J.P. van de Kamp, Elysa J. Marco, Suma P. Shankar, Harvey B. Sarnat, Marwan Shinawi, Jacqueline L. Steele, Megan Glassford, Colette P. DeFilippo, Tracy Brandt, Amy Waldman, Houda Zghal Elloumi, Holly Dubbs, Ganka Douglas, Sumit Parikh, Kristin G. Monaghan, Cyril Mignot, David Chitayat, Bénédicte Héron, Linda E. Kim, Farrah Rajabi, Shane C. Quinonez, William D. Graf, Mark C. Hannibal, Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Autism Spectrum Disorder, X-linked intellectual disability, Genetic counseling, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Semaphorins, Young Adult, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Developmental Neuroscience, Semaphorin, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, Humans, Medicine, Child, Genetic Association Studies, X chromosome, Genetics, biology, business.industry, Plexin, medicine.disease, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, Autism, Neurology (clinical), business, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Background: Semaphorins and plexins are ligands and cell surface receptors that regulate multiple neurodevelopmental processes such as axonal growth and guidance. PLXNA3 is a plexin gene located on the X chromosome that encodes the most widely expressed plexin receptor in fetal brain, plexin-A3. Plexin-A3 knockout mice demonstrate its role in semaphorin signaling in vivo. The clinical manifestations of semaphorin/plexin neurodevelopmental disorders have been less widely explored. This study describes the neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes of boys with maternally inherited hemizygous PLXNA3 variants. Methods: Data-sharing through GeneDx and GeneMatcher allowed identification of individuals with autism or intellectual disabilities (autism/ID) and hemizygous PLXNA3 variants in collaboration with their physicians and genetic counselors, who completed questionnaires about their patients. In silico analyses predicted pathogenicity for each PLXNA3 variant. Results: We assessed 14 boys (mean age, 10.7 [range 2 to 25] years) with maternally inherited hemizygous PLXNA3 variants and autism/ID ranging from mild to severe. Other findings included fine motor dyspraxia (92%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits, and aggressive behaviors (63%). Six patients (43%) had seizures. Thirteen boys (93%) with PLXNA3 variants showed novel or very low allele frequencies and probable damaging/disease-causing pathogenicity in one or more predictors. We found a genotype-phenotype correlation between PLXNA3 cytoplasmic domain variants (exons 22 to 32) and more severe neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We report 14 boys with maternally inherited, hemizygous PLXNA3 variants and a range of neurodevelopmental disorders suggesting a novel X-linked intellectual disability syndrome. Greater understanding of PLXNA3 variant pathogenicity in humans will require additional clinical, computational, and experimental validation.
Published: 2022
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14. Central giant cell granuloma in a paediatric maxilla: surgical management and a novel gene translocation

Author: Rebecca Morrow, Jason Diab, Sam Gue, Lynette Moore, Gwendolyn Huang, and Mark H. Moore
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Enucleation, Mandible, medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lesion, Otorhinolaryngology, Maxilla, Etiology, Medicine, Surgery, Embolization, Oral Surgery, Young adult, medicine.symptom, business, Central giant-cell granuloma
Abstract: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare tumour. The aetiology remains controversial with immunohistological features suggestive of inflammatory, vascular and proliferative markers. It is most often diagnosed in children and young adults under the age of 30 years with a predilection for the mandible. We herein present a case in a paediatric age group of a maxillary lesion of CGCG with a novel genetic translocation. A combination of surgical intervention including enucleation and embolization produced a good result. The importance of long term follow up for facial growth and recurrence is terribly important for the child.
Published: 2022
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15. Serial point‐prevalence surveys to estimate antibiotic use in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital, November 2018 to October 2019

Author: Amanda L. Beaudoin, Anna Morrow, Emma R. Bollig, Jennifer L. Granick, and Emmelyn S. Hsieh
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Specialty, Prevalence, Standard Article, Hospitals, Animal, Dogs, Health care, SF600-1100, Medicine, Antimicrobial stewardship, Animals, antimicrobial resistance, Hospitals, Teaching, Pharmacology, antibiotic measurement, General Veterinary, business.industry, Medical record, public health, Perioperative, Standard Articles, Anti-Bacterial Agents, antibiotic indication, antimicrobial stewardship, Private practice, Cats, SMALL ANIMAL, business
Abstract: Background There is no standardized methodology to measure antibiotic drug use (AU) in small animal veterinary hospitals. Objectives To estimate AU prevalence in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital and characterize usage by indication and evidence of infection. To establish an AU measurement methodology for veterinary settings. Animals Electronic medical records of cats and dogs seen by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services during November 2018 to October 2019. Methods On 1 day each month, data (signalment, visit reason, diagnostics, and antibiotic details, including indication) were collected for all animals seen on study services. Results Of 168 inpatient dogs and 452 outpatient dogs, 98 (58.3%) and 107 (23.7%,) were receiving at least 1 antibiotic on the day of data collection, respectively. For cats 15/49 (30.6%) inpatients and 29/187 (15.5%) outpatients were receiving at least 1 antibiotic. Common drug classes prescribed for dogs were potentiated penicillins (28.7%), first‐generation cephalosporins (22.1%), and nitroimidazoles (14.7%), and for cats, common drug classes administered were potentiated penicillins (26.9%), fluoroquinolones (13.5%), and penicillins (11.5%). Common indications for antibiotics included skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, perioperative, aural, and urinary conditions. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Serial point‐prevalence surveys (PPS) can estimate AU in a large specialty hospital setting and identify targets for antimicrobial stewardship. The methodology developed during this study can be adapted for use in private practice, including large animal practice. Mirroring methods used in human healthcare, the data collection tool can also be used to describe AU nationally through completion of national PPS.
Published: 2022

16. Prolonged Prehospital Time Is a Risk Factor for Pneumonia in Trauma (the PRE-TRIP Study)

Author: Robert Plambeck, Nikhil Jagan, Ryan W. Walters, Merrie Oshiro, Lee E. Morrow, and Mark A. Malesker
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Glasgow Coma Scale, National trauma data bank, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, Emergency medicine, Emergency medical services, medicine, Retrospective analysis, Injury Severity Score, Risk factor, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background Although multiple risk factors for development of pneumonia in patients with trauma sustained in a motor vehicle accident have been studied, the effect of prehospital time on pneumonia incidence post-trauma is unknown. Research Question Is prolonged prehospital time an independent risk factor for pneumonia? Study Design and Methods We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected clinical data from 806,012 motor vehicle accident trauma incidents from the roughly 750 trauma hospitals contributing data to the National Trauma Data Bank between 2010 and 2016. Results Prehospital time was independently associated with development of pneumonia post-motor vehicle trauma (P Interpretation Increased prehospital time is an independent risk factor for development of pneumonia and increased mortality in patients with trauma caused by a motor vehicle accident. Although prehospital time is often not modifiable, its recognition as a pneumonia risk factor is important, because prolonged prehospital time may need to be considered in subsequent decision-making.
Published: 2022
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17. Load modelling and non-intrusive load monitoring to integrate distributed energy resources in low and medium voltage networks

Author: Jesus Martinez del Rincon, David Laverty, D. John Morrow, Aoife Foley, and Andres F. Moreno Jaramillo
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), Wind power, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Computer science, Load identification, Distributed energy resources, Control reconfiguration, Smart grids, Load modelling, Low voltage distribution network, Reliability engineering, Network planning and design, Electric power system, Network management, Smart grid, Non-intrusive load monitoring, Distributed generation, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, business
Abstract: In many countries distributed energy resources (DER) (e.g. photovoltaics, batteries, wind turbines, electric vehicles, electric heat pumps, air-conditioning units and smart domestic appliances) are part of the ‘Green Deal’ to deliver a climate neutral society. Policy roadmaps, despite providing a framework and penetration targets for DER, often lack the network planning strategies needed to transition from passive to active distribution networks. Currently, DER's dynamic performance parameters and location identification techniques are not fully standardised. In fact, it can be very ad hoc. Standardised distributed load modelling and non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) for equipment manufacturers, installers and network operators is critical to low and medium voltage network management in order to facilitate better balancing, flexibility and electricity trading across and within the power system for mass DER deployment. The aim of this paper is to fill this load modelling and NILM knowledge gap for DERto inform the ‘Green Deal’ transition and support standardisation. In the paper, existing load modelling techniques and NILM methodologies are critically examined to inform and guide research activity, equipment development and regulator thinking, as well as network operators. Seven key findings that need urgent attention are identified to support a smooth power system reconfiguration.
Published: 2021
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18. Opioid use during pregnancy: An analysis of comment data from the 2016 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey

Author: Megan O’Connor, Brian Morrow, Michaila Czarnik, and Denise V. D’Angelo
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Stigma (botany), Coding (therapy), Qualitative property, Prenatal care, Risk Assessment, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Gratitude, medicine, Humans, media_common, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, Analgesics, Opioid, Psychiatry and Mental health, Opioid, Population Surveillance, Family medicine, Respondent, Premature Birth, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND Opioid misuse during pregnancy has been associated with adverse infant outcomes including preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is an on-going state-based surveillance system of maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences prior to, during, and after pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed qualitative comments related to opioid use during pregnancy collected in 2016 from an open-ended prompt at the end of the PRAMS survey in 35 states (N = 40,408). Key word searches were conducted on the open-ended responses (n = 9,549) to identify opioid-related content with an automated function using Microsoft Excel. All responses from the initial screening (n = 1,035) were manually reviewed, and 69 responses were confirmed to relate to the respondent's personal experience with opioid use during pregnancy. Content analysis was conducted by 3 independent coders; key themes were compiled, discussed, and finalized by the coding team. Results: Five key themes related to opioid use during pregnancy were identified: (1) gratitude for treatment, recovery, and healthy infants; (2) pregnancy as motivation to seek treatment; (3) difficulty finding prenatal care providers with training in substance use disorders; (4) concern about the effects of treatment on the infant; and (5) experiences of discrimination and stigma in the hospital around the time of delivery. Conclusions: Women may be aware of the potential impact of opioid use during pregnancy on the health of their infants and motivated to seek treatment. Findings may help inform new and ongoing initiatives designed to improve care and reduce stigma for women needing or seeking treatment.
Published: 2021
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19. Supervised machine learning model to predict oncotype DX risk category in patients over age 50

Author: Audree B Tadros, Monica Morrow, Kate R Pawloski, Hannah Y Wen, Kelly Abbate, Mithat Gonen, Mahmoud El-Tamer, and Donna Thompson
Subjects: Cancer Research, Receptor, ErbB-2, Lymphovascular invasion, Recurrence score, Breast Neoplasms, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Article, Risk category, Breast cancer, Predictive Value of Tests, Progesterone receptor, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, In patient, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Triage, Oncology, Female, Supervised Machine Learning, Artificial intelligence, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Oncotype DX, business, computer
Abstract: PURPOSE. Routine use of the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) in patients with early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer is limited internationally by cost and availability. We created a supervised machine learning model using clinicopathologic variables to predict RS risk category in patients aged over 50 years. METHODS. From January 2012–December 2018, we identified patients aged over 50 years with T1-2, ER+/HER2−, node-negative tumors. Clinicopathologic data and RS results were randomly split into training and validation cohorts. A random forest model with 500 trees was developed on the training cohort, using age, pathologic tumor size, histology, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and grade as predictors. We predicted risk category (low: RS ≤25, high: RS >25) using the validation cohort. RESULTS. Of the 3880 tumors identified, 1293 tumors comprised the validation cohort in patients of median (IQR) age 62 years (56–68) with median (IQR) tumor size 1.2 cm (0.8–1.7). Most tumors were invasive ductal (80.3%) of low-intermediate grade (80.5%) without LVI (80.9%). PR expression was ≤20% in 27.3% of tumors. Specificity for identifying RS ≤25 was 96.3% (95% CI 95.0–97.4), and the negative predictive value was 92.9% (95% CI 91.2–94.4). Sensitivity and positive predictive value for predicting RS >25 was lower (48.3% and 65.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION. Our model was highly specific for identifying eligible patients aged over 50 years for whom chemotherapy can be omitted. Following external validation, it may be used to triage patients for RS testing, if predicted to be high risk, in resource-limited settings.
Published: 2021
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20. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary

Author: Deborah B. Diercks, Leslee J. Shaw, Wael A. Jaber, Phillip D. Levy, Robert E. O'Connor, Renee P. Bullock-Palmer, Theresa Conejo, Kim K. Birtcher, Federico Gentile, Steven M. Hollenberg, Ron Blankstein, Erik P. Hess, Ezra A. Amsterdam, Jose A. Joglar, John P Greenwood, David A. Morrow, Debabrata Mukherjee, Deepak L. Bhatt, Hani Jneid, Martha Gulati, Michael A. Ross, and Jack H. Boyd
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Executive summary, business.industry, Physical therapy, Medicine, Guideline, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Chest pain
Published: 2021
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21. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain

Author: Federico Gentile, Leslee J. Shaw, Deborah B. Diercks, Ezra A. Amsterdam, Renee P. Bullock-Palmer, Michael A. Ross, Hani Jneid, Deepak L. Bhatt, Jose A. Joglar, Phillip D. Levy, Erik P. Hess, Kim K. Birtcher, Debabrata Mukherjee, David A. Morrow, Martha Gulati, Robert E. O'Connor, John P Greenwood, Wael A. Jaber, Ron Blankstein, Steven M. Hollenberg, Theresa Conejo, and Jack Boyd
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cochrane collaboration, Adult patients, business.industry, Emergency department, Guideline, Chest pain, Clinical Practice, Emergency medicine, Health care, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Observational study, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aim This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered. Structure Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
Published: 2021
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22. Exercise is commonly used as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques by adults with cystic fibrosis in Australia: a survey

Author: Kathy Stiller, Scott Morrow, Rebecca Chambers, Anne E Holland, Jennifer Bishop, Nathan Ward, Jennifer Corda, Jamie Wood, Margot Green, Amanda Nichols, Jenny Hauser, Andrew Shaw, Kathleen Hall, Ruth Dentice, Brenda M. Button, Jenn Bingham, Hilary Rowe, Rebecca Netluch, Tara Smith, Robyn Cobb, and Danielle Shortall
Subjects: Adult, Male, Airway clearance, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical effectiveness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Positive expiratory pressure, Cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, respiratory therapy, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Uncategorized, physical therapy modalities, exercise, business.industry, lcsh:RM1-950, Australia, Outcome measures, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Weight lifting, Exercise Therapy, respiratory tract diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Physical therapy, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Questions: What airway clearance techniques and exercise regimens are used by adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Australia when well or unwell? What proportion of these adults believe that exercise can be used as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques, and how have they come to this belief? What type of exercise is used as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques? Design: Cross-sectional survey at 13 CF centres in Australia, using a purpose-designed questionnaire. Participants: Six hundred and ninety-two adults with CF completed the questionnaire. Outcome measures: The questionnaire included questions about: the participants' current use of traditional airway clearance techniques and exercise, when well and unwell; and beliefs regarding the use of exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques. Results: Coughing, huffing and positive expiratory pressure were the most commonly used airway clearance techniques. Walking, jogging and lifting weights were the most commonly used forms of exercise. Overall, 43% of participants believed that exercise could be used as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques, with 44% having substituted exercise for traditional airway clearance techniques in the previous 3 months. Personal experience was the most commonly reported factor influencing participants' beliefs about the use of exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques. Conclusion: Exercise is commonly used as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques. Physiotherapists should advise patients that whilst there is some research suggesting a possible mechanism for exercise as a form of airway clearance, there are currently no medium-term to long-term data supporting exercise as a stand-alone form of airway clearance. These results suggest that future research to investigate the clinical effectiveness of exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance techniques should be a priority. Registration: ACTRN12616000994482. Key words: Cystic fibrosis, Exercise, Physical therapy modalities, Respiratory therapy
Published: 2023
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23. Organizational Forms: Ownership and Governance

Author: Stephen Morrow
Subjects: business.industry, Supervisory board, Statement (logic), Corporate governance, education, Accounting, Football, Public administration, League, Football club, Stock exchange, business, human activities, Initial public offering
Abstract: Football clubs are ostensibly uncomplicated organizations: they exist to facilitate participation in organized football. Beyond this plain statement, however, there is a rather more complex and contested debate about the objectives and purpose of football clubs. For example, what is meant by participation? Is taking part in football sufficient or does that participation require to be successful? If so, how do we define success? League championships? Domestic cup competitions? European competitions? Does a football club have a responsibility beyond its own members or supporters, perhaps to other clubs or to their local communities. At a broader level what do we mean by a‘club’?
Published: 2023
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24. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M 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Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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25. Association Between Local Anesthetic Dosing, Postoperative Opioid Requirement, and Pain Scores After Lumpectomy and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Multimodal Analgesia

Author: Tracy-Ann Moo, Audree B Tadros, Hiram S. Cody, Laurie J Kirstein, Kate R Pawloski, Monica Morrow, Varadan Sevilimedu, and Rebecca S. Twersky
Subjects: Bupivacaine, biology, Local anesthetic, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Sentinel lymph node, Lumpectomy, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, Pacu, Oncology, Opioid, Interquartile range, Anesthesia, medicine, Surgery, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND Multimodal analgesia (MMA) during breast surgery reduces postoperative pain and opioid requirements, but the relative contribution of local anesthetic dosing as a component of MMA is not well defined among patients undergoing lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified consecutive patients who underwent lumpectomy and SLNB with MMA from 1/2019 to 4/2020. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to examine associations between local anesthetics, opioid requirements in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and pain scores in the PACU and on postoperative day (POD) 1. RESULTS In total, 1603 patients [median tumor size, 14 mm (interquartile range 8-20 mm)] were included. The median PACU opioid requirement was 0 morphine milligram equivalents (interquartile range 0-5). PACU maximum pain was none or mild in 58% of patients and moderate to severe in 42%; among 420 survey respondents, 56% reported no or mild pain and 44% reported moderate to severe pain on POD 1. On multivariable analysis that adjusted for routine components of MMA, increasing doses of 0.5% bupivacaine were associated with reduced PACU opioid requirements (β -0.04, 95% confidence interval -0.07 to -0.01, p = 0.011) and lower odds of moderate to severe pain (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99, p < 0.001). Local anesthetics were not associated with pain scores on POD 1. CONCLUSIONS Higher amounts of local anesthetics reduce acute postoperative pain and opioid requirement after lumpectomy and SLNB. Maximizing dosing within weight-based limits is a low-risk, cost-effective pain control strategy that can be used in diverse practice settings.
Published: 2021
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26. Customizing local and systemic therapies for women with early breast cancer: the St. Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for treatment of early breast cancer 2021

Author: H.J. Burstein, G. Curigliano, B. Thürlimann, W.P. Weber, P. Poortmans, M.M. Regan, H.J. Senn, E.P. Winer, M. Gnant, Stephan Aebi, Fabrice André, Carlos Barrios, Jonas Bergh, Herve Bonnefoi, Denisse Bretel Morales, Sara Brucker, Harold Burstein, David Cameron, Fatima Cardoso, Lisa Carey, Boon Chua, Eva Ciruelos, Marco Colleoni, Giuseppe Curigliano, Suzette Delaloge, Carsten Denkert, Peter Dubsky, Bent Ejlertsen, Florian Fitzal, Prudence Francis, Viviana Galimberti, Hebatallah Gamal El Din Mohamed Mahmoud, Judy Garber, Michael Gnant, William Gradishar, Bahadir Gulluoglu, Nadia Harbeck, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Jens Huober, Andre Ilbawi, Zefei Jiang, Steven Johnston, Eun Sook Lee, Sibylle Loibl, Monica Morrow, Ann Partridge, Martine Piccart, Philip Poortmans, Aleix Prat, Meredith Regan, Isabella Rubio, Hope Rugo, Emiel Rutgers, Felix Sedlmayer, Vladimir Semiglazov, Hans-Joerg Senn, Zhiming Shao, Tanja Spanic, Petra Tesarova, Beat Thürlimann, Sergei Tjulandin, Masakazu Toi, Maureen Trudeau, Nicholas Turner, Inez Vaz Luis, Giuseppe Viale, Toru Watanabe, Walter P. Weber, Eric P. Winer, Binghe Xu, and Panelists of the St Gallen Consensus Conference
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Hematology, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Presentation, Breast cancer, Oncology, Multidisciplinary approach, Family medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Human medicine, business, Neoadjuvant therapy, media_common, Early breast cancer, Genetic testing
Abstract: The 17th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Conference in 2021 was held virtually, owing to the global COVID-19 pandemic. More than 3300 participants took part in this important bi-annual critical review of the 'state of the art' in the multidisciplinary care of early-stage breast cancer. Seventy-four expert panelists (see Appendix 1) from all continents discussed and commented on the previously elaborated consensus questions, as well as many key questions on early breast cancer diagnosis and treatment asked by the audience. The theme of this year's conference was 'Customizing local and systemic therapies.' A well-organized program of pre-recorded symposia, live panel discussions and real-time panel voting results drew a worldwide audience of thousands, reflecting the farreaching impact of breast cancer on every continent. The interactive technology platform allowed, for the first time, audience members to ask direct questions to panelists, and to weigh in with their own vote on several key panel questions. A hallmark of this meeting was to focus on customized recommendations for treatment of early-stage breast cancer. There is increasing recognition that the care of a breast cancer patient depends on highly individualized clinical features, including the stage at presentation, the biological subset of breast cancer, the genetic factors that may underlie breast cancer risk, the genomic signatures that inform treatment recommendations, the extent of response before surgery in patients who receive neoadjuvant therapy, and patient preferences. This customized approach to treatment requires integration of clinical care between patients and radiology, pathology, genetics, and surgical, medical and radiation oncology providers. It also requires a dynamic response from clinicians as they encounter accumulating clinical information at the time of diagnosis and then serially with each step in the treatment plan and follow-up, reflecting patient experiences and treatment response.
Published: 2021
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27. Postacute/Long COVID in Pediatrics

Author: Dasal Tenzin Jashar, Amanda K. Morrow, Ellen Henning, Nika Stinson, Laura A Malone, Rowena Ng, and Gray Vargas
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Lightheadedness, business.industry, Rehabilitation, MEDLINE, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Cognition, Mood, Cohort, medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Headaches, business, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract: The long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is unknown. Guidance is needed on helpful models of care for an emerging subset of pediatric patients with postacute/long COVID who continue to experience persistent symptoms after initial COVID-19 diagnosis. Here, we describe a pediatric multidisciplinary post-COVID-19 rehabilitation clinic model as well as a case series of the initial cohort of patients who presented to this clinic. A consecutive sample of nine patients (pediatric patients
Published: 2021
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28. Sleep Habits of Early School-Aged Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: Family Characteristics and Diabetes Management

Author: Arjun Choudhary, Angelee M Parmar, Logan Baker, Fayo Abadula, Shivani H Bhatia, Dylan Williamson, Troy Morrow, and Sarah S. Jaser
Subjects: Parents, Gerontology, Family Characteristics, Type 1 diabetes, School age child, business.industry, Family characteristics, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), MEDLINE, Medicine (miscellaneous), medicine.disease, Sleep in non-human animals, Hypoglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes management, Child, Preschool, Humans, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology (miscellaneous), Child, Sleep, business
Abstract: School-aged children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents are at risk for sleep disturbances, yet few studies have used objective measures to assess sleep characteristics in young children with T1D.Forty children (ages 5-9) with T1D and their parents wore actigraph watches and completed sleep diaries for 7 nights. Parents also completed questionnaires about demographic information, diabetes distress, fear of hypoglycemia, and family routines. Children's clinical data (HbA1c and blood glucose data) were extracted from the medical record.Most of the children and their parents obtained insufficient sleep. Based on actigraphy data, children slept an average of 7.9 hours/night and parents slept 6.7 hours/night, below the recommendations of 9-11 and 7-9 hours of sleep, respectively. Shorter child sleep latency was significantly associated with better glycemic levels, and parents' sleep duration and efficiency were related to child's glycemic levels. Parental fear of hypoglycemia and lack of family routines were associated with poorer sleep quality in parents and children, and with parental diabetes distress.Sleep duration and quality is a modifiable target for potentially improving glycemic levels and parental distress in early school-aged children with T1D.
Published: 2021
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29. Local Recurrence is Frequent After Heroic Mastectomy for Classically Inoperable Breast Cancers

Author: Alain Vincent, Varadan Sevilimedu, Monica Morrow, and Anita Mamtani
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Limited surgery, Receptor, ErbB-2, Lymphovascular invasion, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Article, Surgical oncology, Internal medicine, medicine, Positive Margins, Humans, Triple negative, Mastectomy, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Confidence interval, Oncology, Female, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business
Abstract: Despite advances in neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), some patients with aggressive T4 breast cancers do not respond. The efficacy of ‘heroic’ mastectomy in maintaining local control is unclear. In consecutive patients with primary or recurrent T4 cancers with < 50% shrinkage on NST who underwent mastectomy from 2007 to 2017, clinicopathologic characteristics and locoregional recurrence (LRR) were examined. Among 104 patients, 59 (57%) had primary T4M0, 12 (12%) had locally recurrent T4M0, and 33 (32%) had T4M1 disease. Median age was 58.5 years and the majority had high-grade (74%) ductal cancers (85%); 45 (44%) were estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2−), 26 (25%) were HER2 positive (HER2+), and 31 (30%) were triple negative (TN). Postoperative complications developed in 41 (39%) patients. At a median follow-up of 37 months, 42 (40%) patients developed LRR. TN (hazard ratio [HR] 7.5) and HER2+ (HR 2.67) subtypes, lymphovascular invasion (LVI; HR 3.80), and positive margins (HR 4.09) were predictive of LRR. The 3-year LRR rate was highest and overall survival (OS) was lowest among patients with TN cancers, at 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48–83%) and 30% (95% CI 14–47%), respectively. After heroic mastectomy, postoperative complications were frequent and LRR occurred in 40% of patients despite a median OS of 3.8 years. Among TN patients, the 3-year LRR rate of 66% and 3-year OS of 30% suggest limited surgery benefit. Careful patient selection is prudent when considering heroic mastectomy.
Published: 2021
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30. Tenofovir-diphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during low, medium and high adherence to emtricitabine/ tenofovir alafenamide vs. emtricitabine/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Author: Cricket Nemkov, Mary Morrow, Jenna Yager, Kristina M Brooks, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla, Jennifer J. Kiser, Peter L. Anderson, Mustafa E Ibrahim, Samantha MaWhinney, Lane R. Bushman, and Skyler Peterson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Tenofovir diphosphate, Tenofovir, business.industry, Immunology, Emtricitabine, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Gastroenterology, Tenofovir alafenamide, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Potency, business, Nonlinear mixed effects model, medicine.drug
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) preferentially loads peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), resulting in higher PBMC tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). No studies have yet compared TFV-DP in PBMC from lower than daily dosing between prodrugs, which has potential implications for event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis and pharmacologic forgiveness. DESIGN Two separate randomized, directly observed therapy (DOT) crossover studies (DOT-DBS and TAF-DBS) were conducted to mimic low, medium, and high adherence. METHODS HIV-negative adults were randomized to two 12-week DOT regimens of 33%, 67%, or 100% of daily dosing with emtricitabine (F)/TAF 200 mg/25 mg (TAF-DBS) or F/TDF 200 mg/300 mg (DOT-DBS), separated by a 12-week washout. PBMC steady-state concentrations (Css) of TFV-DP and FTC-TP were estimated using nonlinear mixed models and compared between F/TAF and F/TDF. RESULTS Thirty-five participants contributed to 33% (n = 23), 67% (n = 23), and 100% (n = 23) of daily F/TAF regimens. Forty-four contributed to 33% (n = 15), 67% (n = 16), and 100% (n = 32) of daily F/TDF regimens. PBMC TFV-DP Css were 7.3- (95% CI: 6.4-8.2), 7.1- (5.9-8.2), and 6.7- (4.4-8.9) fold higher (p
Published: 2021
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31. Living in hot topics: Interactions of social media and cinema in Glass Children (Rong Guangrong, 2019) and Better Days (Derek Tsang, 2019)

Author: Katherine Morrow
Subjects: Movie theater, Hot topics, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, business.industry, Communication, Media studies, Social media, Sociology, business
Published: 2021
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32. Essential System Services Reform: Australian Market Design for Renewable-Dominated Grids

Author: Matt Garbutt, Christopher Wilson, Toby Price, Trent Morrow, Leon Kwek, Dean Sharafi, Farhad Billimoria, and Niraj Lal
Subjects: Government, East coast, business.industry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electrical grid, Renewable energy, Electric power system, Geography, Economy, Coal basin, Electricity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Small country
Abstract: IN 1863, a single arc lamp on observatory Hill in Sydney, Australia, was lit to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert of Wales and Princess Alexandra of Denmark. It was the first use of electricity anywhere in the country. It took 25 years until Australia established its first permanent 240-V electrical grid, in the small country town of Tamworth, New South Wales, in 1888. Two 18-kW, dc, coal-fired generators were supplied by the plentiful Gunnedah black coal basin nearby, and in the same year, on the other side of the continent, C.J. Otte supplied electricity to the Western Australian Government House with a small, 15-kW dynamo. By 1899, a full three-phase 240-V ac grid had been built on the east coast, establishing the foundation of the future power system across the country.
Published: 2021
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33. The Effectiveness and Safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Chronic Wounds

Author: Zhen Wang, Rami Abd-Rabu, Mustapha Amin, Bashar Hasan, Sahrish Shah, Eva Kubrova, Larry J. Prokop, Allison S. Morrow, Christine L. Hunt, Wenchun Qu, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Zack Ashmore, and Meritxell Urtecho
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, integumentary system, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, law.invention, Surgery, Wound care, Randomized controlled trial, Amputation, law, Meta-analysis, Platelet-rich plasma, Relative risk, medicine, Adverse effect, Wound healing, business
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in individuals with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers, lower-extremity venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Patients and Methods We searched multiple databases from database inception to June 11, 2020, for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared PRP to any other wound care without PRP in adults with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers, lower-extremity venous ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Results We included 20 randomized controlled trials and five observational studies. Compared with management without PRP, PRP therapy significantly increased complete wound closure in lower-extremity diabetic ulcers (relative risk, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.32, moderate strength of evidence [SOE]), shortened time to complete wound closure, and reduced wound area and depth (low SOE). No significant changes were found in terms of wound infection, amputation, wound recurrence, or hospitalization. In patients with lower-extremity venous ulcers or pressure ulcers, the SOE was insufficient to estimate an effect on critical outcomes, such as complete wound closure or time to complete wound closure. There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events. Conclusion Autologous PRP may increase complete wound closure, shorten healing time, and reduce wound size in individuals with lower-extremity diabetic ulcers. The evidence is insufficient to estimate an effect on wound healing in individuals with lower-extremity venous ulcers or pressure ulcers. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020172817
Published: 2021
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34. Protracted respiratory findings in children post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Author: Sharon A McGrath-Morrow, Joseph M. Collaco, and Shoshana C Leftin Dobkin
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Tachycardia, Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Exercise intolerance, functional capacity, Overweight, Pulmonary function testing, Medicine, Plethysmograph, Humans, Respiratory system, Child, Asthma, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, exercise, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, pulmonary function, breathlessness, COVID-19, Covid 19, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Dyspnea, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, RNA, Viral, Original Article, postcovid syndrome, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Introduction Although prolonged respiratory symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection have been described in adults, data are emerging that children also experience long‐term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The respiratory sequelae of COVID‐19 in children remain poorly characterized. In this study we describe health data and respiratory findings in pediatric patients presenting with persistent respiratory symptoms following COVID‐19. Methods This study included patients referred to Pulmonary Clinic at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between December 2020 and April 2021 (n = 29). Inclusion criteria included a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA positivity or confirmed close household contact and suggestive symptoms. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic, clinical, imaging, and functional test data were collected. Results The mean age at presentation to clinic was 13.1 years (range: 4–19 years). Patients had persistent respiratory symptoms ranging from 1.3 to 6.7 months postacute infection. Persistent dyspnea and/or exertional dyspnea were present in nearly all (96.6%) patients at the time of clinic presentation. Other reported chronic symptoms included cough (51.7%) and exercise intolerance (48.3%). Fatigue was reported in 13.8% of subjects. Many subjects were overweight or obese (62.1%) and 11 subjects (37.9%) had a prior history of asthma. Spirometry and plethysmography were normal in most patients. The six‐minute walk test (6MWT) revealed exercise intolerance and significant tachycardia in two‐thirds of the nine children tested. Conclusion Exertional dyspnea, cough and exercise intolerance were the most common respiratory symptoms in children with postacute COVID‐19 respiratory symptoms seen in an outpatient pulmonary clinic. Spirometry (and plethysmography when available), however, was mostly normal, and exertional intolerance was frequently demonstrated using the 6MWT.
Published: 2021

35. The effects of drying the rinsed dissected heart on postmortem heart weight

Author: Kilak Kesha, Benjamin Ondruschka, Charley Glenn, Paul Morrow, Simon Stables, Larissa Lohner, Jack Garland, and Rexson Tse
Subjects: Heart weight, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Water, Heart.chambers, Heart, Dissection (medical), medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Surgery, Genetics, medicine, Autopsy, Prospective Studies, business
Abstract: Blood and blood clots should be removed from the heart chambers before being weighed. The actual method in removing blood and blood clots may vary and can include manual removal with subsequent rinsing the heart in water. It is unclear whether drying the rinsed heart affects the heart weight. The objective of this article was to investigate the effects drying the rinsed dissected heart (residual rinsing water) on postmortem heart weight. The prospective study compared 44 dissected heart weights after being rinsed and after being pat dried. An average 18-20 g of residual rinsing water (4% of heart weight) was present in the dissected heart. The amount of residual rinsing water correlates positively with heart weight. The effects of drying the rinsed dissected heart were considered clinically insignificant. Although being clinically insignificant, this study highlights the lack of standardized approach in weighing the heart and the potential implications in interpreting heart weights.
Published: 2021
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36. Association of Genetic Testing Results With Mortality Among Women With Breast Cancer or Ovarian Cancer

Author: Kevin C. Ward, Paul Abrahamse, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Ann S. Hamilton, Allison W. Kurian, Irina Bondarenko, Monica Morrow, Jonathan S. Berek, Timothy P. Hofer, Steven J. Katz, and Dennis Deapen
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Genes, BRCA2, Population, Genes, BRCA1, Breast Neoplasms, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, education, Germ-Line Mutation, Genetic testing, Ovarian Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Cancer, Articles, medicine.disease, Female, Ovarian cancer, business
Abstract: Background Breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients increasingly undergo germline genetic testing. However, little is known about cancer-specific mortality among carriers of a pathogenic variant (PV) in BRCA1/2 or other genes in a population-based setting. Methods Georgia and California Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry records were linked to clinical genetic testing results. Women were included who had stages I-IV breast cancer or ovarian cancer diagnosed in 2013-2017, received chemotherapy, and were linked to genetic testing results. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of genetic results with cancer-specific mortality. Results 22 495 breast cancer and 4320 ovarian cancer patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 41 months. PVs were present in 12.7% of breast cancer patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive, HER2-negative cancer, 9.8% with HER2-positive cancer, 16.8% with triple-negative breast cancer, and 17.2% with ovarian cancer. Among triple-negative breast cancer patients, cancer-specific mortality was lower with BRCA1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.69) and BRCA2 PVs (HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.89), and equivalent with PVs in other genes (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.37 to 1.13), vs noncarriers. Among ovarian cancer patients, cancer-specific mortality was lower with PVs in BRCA2 (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.49) and genes other than BRCA1/2 (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.69). No PV was associated with higher cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions Among breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in the community, BRCA1/2 and other gene PV carriers had equivalent or lower short-term cancer-specific mortality than noncarriers. These results may reassure newly diagnosed patients, and longer follow-up is ongoing.
Published: 2021
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37. Psychosocial stress and the gut microbiota

Author: Monica L. Baskin, Bradford E. Jackson, Xiangqin Cui, William Van Der Pol, Fuchenchu Wang, Tiffany L. Carson, Casey D. Morrow, and Elliot J. Lefkowitz
Subjects: Adult, Microbiology (medical), 0301 basic medicine, Cross-sectional study, Colorectal cancer, Immunology, Pilot Projects, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, White People, Article, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Race (biology), fluids and secretions, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Genetics, medicine, Bacteroides, Humans, Psychological stress, Faecalibacterium, Applied Psychology, White (horse), biology, business.industry, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Health equity, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Black or African American, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Alabama, Female, Bifidobacterium, Waist Circumference, business, Body mass index, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Racial health disparities persist among black and white women for colorectal cancer. Understanding racial differences in the gut microbiota and related covariates (e.g., stress) may yield new insight into unexplained colorectal cancer disparities.Healthy non-Hispanic black or white women (age ≥19 years) provided survey data, anthropometrics, and stool samples. Fecal DNA was collected and isolated from a wipe. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene and 250 bases were sequenced using the MiSeq platform. Microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME. Operational taxonomic unit data were log transformed and normalized. Analyses were conducted using linear models in R Package "limma."Fecal samples were analyzed for 80 women (M (SD) age = 39.9 (14.0) years, 47 black, 33 white). Blacks had greater average body mass index (33.3 versus 27.5 kg/m, p.01) and waist circumference (98.3 versus 86.6 cm, p = .003) than whites. Whites reported more stressful life events (p = .026) and greater distress (p = .052) than blacks. Final models accounted for these differences. There were no significant differences in dietary variables. Unadjusted comparisons revealed no racial differences in alpha diversity. Racial differences were observed in beta diversity and abundance of top 10 operational taxonomic units. Blacks had higher abundances than whites of Faecalibacterium (p = .034) and Bacteroides (p = .038). Stress was associated with abundances of Bifidobacterium. The association between race and Bacteroides (logFC = 1.72, 0 = 0.020) persisted in fully adjusted models.Racial differences in the gut microbiota were observed including higher Bacteroides among blacks. Efforts to cultivate an "ideal" gut microbiota may help reduce colorectal cancer risk.
Published: 2022

38. Evolution of Lung Disease in the Premature Infant

Author: Joseph M. Collaco and Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung disease, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business
Published: 2022

39. The European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care (EHJ ACVC) 2022

Author: Pascal Vranckx, David A. Morrow, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Clinical sciences, Cardiology, Intensive Care, VRANCKX, Pascal, Morrow, David, and VERBRUGGE, Frederik
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Cardiovascular care, General Medicine, Editorial board, EHJ ACVC, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Acute cardiovascular care
Published: 2022

40. Blood biomarkers reflect the effects of obesity and inflammation on the human breast transcriptome

Author: Monica Morrow, Michael Pollak, Andrew J. Dannenberg, Olivier Elemento, Byuri Angela Cho, Neil M. Iyengar, Dilip Giri, Xi Kathy Zhou, and Akanksha Verma
Subjects: Cancer Research, Carcinogenesis, Adipose Tissue, White, Adipose tissue, Breast Neoplasms, Inflammation, White adipose tissue, Transcriptome, Breast cancer, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Aromatase, skin and connective tissue diseases, biology, Adiponectin, business.industry, Leptin, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.protein, Cancer research, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of post-menopausal breast cancer. Breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, which is commonly found in women with excess body fat, is also associated with increased breast cancer risk. Both local and systemic effects are probably important for explaining the link between excess body fat, adipose inflammation and breast cancer. The first goal of this cross-sectional study of 196 women was to carry out transcriptome profiling to define the molecular changes that occur in the breast related to excess body fat and WAT inflammation. A second objective was to determine if commonly measured blood biomarkers of risk and prognosis reflect molecular changes in the breast. Breast WAT inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Bulk RNA-sequencing was carried out to assess gene expression in non-tumorous breast. Obesity and WAT inflammation were associated with a large number of differentially expressed genes and changes in multiple pathways linked to the development and progression of breast cancer. Altered pathways included inflammatory response, complement, KRAS signaling, tumor necrosis factor α signaling via NFkB, interleukin (IL)6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, interferon γ response and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. Increased expression of several drug targets such as aromatase, TGF-β1, IDO-1 and PD-1 were observed. Levels of various blood biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, leptin, adiponectin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were altered and correlated with molecular changes in the breast. Collectively, this study helps to explain both the link between obesity and breast cancer and the utility of blood biomarkers for determining risk and prognosis.
Published: 2021
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41. Follow-through care for high-risk infants during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from the Vermont Oxford Network

Author: Kate A. Morrow, Jonathan S. Litt, Roger Soll, Erika M. Edwards, and Charles Mercier
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Quality management, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Audit, Article, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Quality (business), Pandemics, media_common, Response rate (survey), SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Infant, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health services, Low birth weight, Outcomes research, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, Vermont
Abstract: Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the delivery of follow-up care for high-risk infants. We performed an audit to characterize programmatic responses in a quality improvement network. Study design We audited 43 North American-based follow-up programs of the Vermont Oxford Network Extremely Low Birth Weight Follow-up Study Group in October, 2020. Our electronic survey included yes/no, agree/disagree, and free text response items. Result The response rate was 67.4%. Most programs altered capacity and the timing, frequency, or content of clinical assessments. Most perceived practice changes compromised their ability to ascertain infants' medical and developmental needs. There was a rapid uptake of telemedicine services. Despite challenges with implementation, many endorsed improved connectedness with families. Conclusion Programs adapted rapidly to meet the needs of high-risk infants during the pandemic. Clinical operations, assessment procedures, and quality metrics will also need to evolve. Quality improvement study group collaboratives are well-positioned to coordinate such work.
Published: 2021
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42. Does preoperative MRI accurately stratify early-stage HER2 + breast cancer patients to upfront surgery vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

Author: Astrid Botty Van den Bruele, Tiana Le, Monica Fornier, Varadan Sevilimedu, Monica Morrow, Emanuela Ferraro, Molly P Hogan, Virgilio Sacchini, and Sidra Javed-Tayyab
Subjects: Cancer Research, Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ultrasound, Cancer, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Surgery, Breast cancer, Oncology, medicine, Mammography, Stage (cooking), business, Pathological
Abstract: HER2 +- amplified breast cancer patients derive benefit from treatment with anti-HER2-targeted therapy. Though adjuvant treatment is based on final pathology, decisions regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy are made in the preoperative setting with imaging playing a key role in staging. We examined the accuracy of pre-operative imaging in determining pathological tumor size (pT) in patients undergoing upfront surgery. Early (cT1–T2N0) HER2 + breast cancer patients who underwent upfront surgery between 2015 and 2016 were identified from a prospective institutional database. We compared data for both clinical and final pathologic stage. Only those who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography, and ultrasound in the preoperative setting were included in the analysis. Adjuvant treatment regimens were reviewed. We identified 87 cT1–2N0 patients with invasive HER2 + breast cancer who underwent upfront surgery. Median age was 52 years (IQR 43, 58) and median tumor size was 1.1 cm (IQR 0.5, 1.6). Fifteen patients (17%) were upstaged to stage II/III based on final pathology. Thirty-seven patients were T1cN0 on final pathology; 8 were cT1a–bN0 preop and 12 had pT overestimated by MRI by an average of 1.5 cm (> 0.5–1.5 cm). Compared to both mammography and MRI, the imaging modality most predictive of pT was ultrasound (p = 0.000072 ultrasound vs mammography and 0.000042 ultrasound vs MRI). For small HER2 + cN0 tumors undergoing upfront surgery, ultrasound was the imaging modality most predictive of pT. MRI overestimated tumor size in approximately 40% of patients. MRI may not accurately discriminate low-volume tumor burden in the breast and carries the potential of overtreatment in the upfront setting.
Published: 2021
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43. Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Function in a Nationwide Cohort Study of Patients With Lymphoma Treated With Chemotherapy

Author: Michelle C. Janelsins, Jodi Geer, Charles Kamen, Allison Magnuson, Patrick M. Reagan, Mostafa R. Mohamed, Supriya G. Mohile, Luke J. Peppone, Charles E. Heckler, Marianne Melnik, Elizabeth Belcher, Gary R. Morrow, Tim A. Ahles, Shaker R. Dakhil, and Lori M. Minasian
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphoma, Neuropsychological Tests, Cohort Studies, Cognition, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Prospective Studies, Cognitive decline, Cognitive reserve, business.industry, Editorials, Oncology, Conventional PCI, Anxiety, Female, Observational study, Verbal memory, medicine.symptom, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD) is an important clinical problem, but limited research exists on assessment of cognitive function in patients with lymphoma. Methods The overall objective of this nationwide, prospective, observational study conducted in the National Cancer Institute Community Clinical Oncology Research Program (NCORP) was to assess changes in memory, attention, and executive function in patients with lymphoma from pre- (A1) to postchemotherapy (A2) and to 6 months postchemotherapy (A3). Individuals without cancer served as noncancer controls, paired to patients by age and sex, and assessed at the same time-equivalent points. Longitudinal linear mixed models (LMM) including A1, A2, and A3 and adjusting for age, education, race, sex, cognitive reserve score, baseline anxiety, and depressive symptoms were fit. We assessed changes in patients compared with control participants without cancer and assessed differences in cognitive function in those patients with Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin disease and by disease subtype. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Patients with lymphoma (n = 248) and participants without cancer serving as controls (n = 212) were recruited from 19 NCORP sites. From pre- to postchemotherapy and from prechemotherapy to 6 months follow-up, patients reported more cognitive problems over time compared with controls (Functional Assessment of Cancer-Therapy-Cognitive Function [FACT-Cog] perceived cognitive impairment effect size (ES) = 0.83 and 0.84 for A1 to A2 and A1 to A3, respectively; P Conclusion Patients with lymphoma experience worse patient-reported and objectively assessed cognitive function from prechemotherapy to 6-month follow-up compared with age- and sex-paired controls without cancer assessed at similar time intervals.
Published: 2021
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44. National Norms and Correlates of the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 in Parents of School-age Children

Author: Stefanie L Sequeira, David J. Kolko, Paul A. Pilkonis, Oliver Lindhiem, Kayley E Morrow, and Jennifer S. Silk
Subjects: Parents, Original Paper, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Depression, business.industry, Public health, Generalized anxiety, Anxiety, National sample, Mental health, Patient Health Questionnaire, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Normative, medicine.symptom, Life-span and Life-course Studies, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology
Abstract: Anxiety and depressive disorders are global public health concerns, and research suggests that these disorders are common in parents and can adversely influence family functioning. However, little is known about normative levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in parents of school-age children. The present study reports on generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms in 1570 parents and guardians of a nationally representative sample of children ages five to twelve years using two widely used and validated questionnaires: the eight-item variant of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Moderate to severe levels of generalized anxiety symptoms were reported in 12.7% of the total sample and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms were reported in 14.1% of the sample; 17.7% of the sample reported moderate to severe levels of either generalized anxiety or depressive symptoms. This percentage was higher for females, younger parents and guardians, and parents and guardians reporting lower household incomes. These data, collected online in early 2018, may be useful for researchers and clinicians studying and treating anxiety and depression in parents. Further, these data provide a baseline for researchers currently studying the impact of changes related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (e.g., school closures) on the mental health of parents of school-age children., Highlights Almost 18% of parents and guardians of school-age children in the United States report moderate to severe symptoms of generalized anxiety or depression. Symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression are higher in younger parents and guardians and those reporting the lowest household incomes. Normative levels of generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms are provided for researchers, clinicians, and other health professionals studying and treating parents of school-age children.
Published: 2021
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45. The effect of a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on the incidence of severe COVID-19 infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a single-centre study

Author: Dimitrios Kirmizis, David Morrow, Karen Latchford, Gabor Cserep, Rachael Jesset, and Agnes Dosa
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Injections, Intramuscular, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Renal Dialysis, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical history, Survival rate, Dialysis, BNT162 Vaccine, Immunization Schedule, Pneumonitis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, BNT162b2 vaccine, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Vaccination, Treatment Outcome, England, Nephrology, Hemodialysis, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Original Article, Female, Patient Safety, business
Abstract: Introduction In this single-centre retrospective observational study, the 8-week safety and the efficiency of a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine was studied in 83 HD patients. Methods All clinically stable adult ESRD patients on chronic HD for at least 4 weeks were screened for participation in the study. Exclusion criteria for enrollment in the study included a medical history of COVID-19 infection within the last 12 weeks or delivery of both vaccine doses less than 8 weeks apart from each other. The same patients during the 8-week period that preceded the vaccination served as controls of themselves. The vaccine was administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle, on a dialysis day, at least 30 min either pre- or post-dialysis. The primary end-point of the study was severe COVID-19 infection, and/or death due to COVID-19 pneumonitis. Furthermore, all vaccinated patients were scrutinized for any local or systemic reactions within the first 7 days post-vaccination. Results Amongst 113 adult HD patients in our Unit, in total 83 patients had the first 30 μg dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine and were considered eligible to be included in the study. The 8-week survival rate was 91% for the controls and 100% for the vaccine group. No life-threatening allergic reaction or other side-effect was observed post-vaccination. Conclusion The BNT162b2 vaccine can be safely used in HD patients and seems to offer significant protection against the infection even after the first vaccine dose.
Published: 2021

46. Blood RNA sequencing shows overlapping gene expression across COPD phenotype domains

Author: Craig P. Hersh, Sool Lee, Jeong H. Yun, Jarrett D. Morrow, Peter J. Castaldi, Auyon J. Ghosh, Matthew Moll, Aabida Saferali, and Robert P. Chase
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 0303 health sciences, Sequence Analysis, RNA, business.industry, Gene Expression, RNA, Computational biology, Phenotype, Article, Correlation, Biological pathway, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, Gene expression, Genes, Overlapping, Humans, Medicine, business, Gene, Overlapping gene, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: RationaleCOPD can be assessed using multidimensional grading systems with components from three domains: pulmonary function tests, symptoms and systemic features. Clinically, measures may be used interchangeably, though it is not known if they share similar pathobiology.ObjectiveTo use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine if there is an overlap in the underlying biological mechanisms and consequences driving different components of the multidimensional grading systems.MethodsWhole blood was collected for RNA-seq from current and former smokers in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study. We tested the overlap in gene expression and biological pathways associated with case–control status and quantitative COPD phenotypes within and between the three domains.ResultsIn 2647 subjects, there were 3030 genes differentially expressed in any of the three domains or case–control status. There were five genes that overlapped between the three domains and case–control status, including G protein-coupled receptor 15(GPR15), sestrin 1 (SESN1) and interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1), which were associated with longitudinal decline in FEV1. The overlap between the three domains was enriched for pathways related to cellular components.ConclusionsWe identified gene sets and pathways that overlap between 12 COPD-related phenotypes and case–control status. There were no pathways represented in the overlap between the three domains and case–control status, but we identified multiple genes that demonstrated a consistent pattern of expression across several of the phenotypes. Patterns of gene expression correlation were generally similar to the correlation of clinical phenotypes in the PFT and symptom domains but not the systemic features.
Published: 2021
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47. Colorectal Cancer Survivors

Author: Linda S. Morrow and Beverly Greenwald
Subjects: Male, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Cancer survivor, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mortality rate, Gastroenterology, Nurses, Cancer, medicine.disease, Mental health, Radiation therapy, Cancer Survivors, Internal medicine, Weight management, medicine, Humans, Survivors, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Reproductive health
Abstract: Overall cancer death rates have fallen since a peak in 1991 due to declining death rates for lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. A "cancer survivor" is defined as anyone with a cancer diagnosis. Their numbers are increasing for several reasons including better screening, earlier detection, and improved treatments. The American Cancer Society's projections for colorectal cancer in 2020 are 147,950 new cases and 53,200 deaths. By 2024, there will be an estimated 1.71 million colorectal cancer survivors (17% of all cancer survivors) and many will experience long-term consequences. These problems may be the result of one or more treatment options: surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Problems include issues with bowel, ostomy, bladder, sexual health, peripheral neuropathy, and mental health. Colorectal cancer survivors are especially receptive to making lifestyle changes to improve their long-term health. Gastroenterology nurses can utilize evidence-based recommendations for weight management, diet, physical activity, and lifestyle with the goal of preventing recurrence and a second primary cancer and promoting overall long-term health.
Published: 2021
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48. Influences of environmental exposures on preterm lung disease

Author: Brianna C. Aoyama, Jessica Rice, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, and Joseph M. Collaco
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Neonatal intensive care unit, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Lung injury, Article, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental risk, law, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, 030228 respiratory system, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Lung disease, business, Electronic cigarette
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Environmental factors play a critical role in the progression or resolution of chronic respiratory diseases. However, studies are limited on the impact of environmental risk factors on individuals born prematurely with lung disease after they leave the neonatal intensive care unit and are discharged into the home environment. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we cover current knowledge of environmental exposures that impact outcomes of preterm respiratory disease, including air pollution, infections, and disparities. The limited data do suggest that certain exposures should be avoided and there are potential preventative strategies for other exposures. There is a need for additional research outside the neonatal intensive care unit that focuses on individual and community-level factors that affect long-term outcomes. EXPERT OPINION: Preterm respiratory disease can impose a significant burden on infants, children, and young adults born prematurely, but may improve for many individuals over time. In this review, we outline the exposures that may potentially hasten, delay, or prevent resolution of lung injury in preterm children.
Published: 2021
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49. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Findings From the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

Author: Nicole Solomon, James A. de Lemos, Fatima Rodriguez, Clyde W. Yancy, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Ty J. Gluckman, Roland A. Matsouaka, Tracy Y. Wang, Sandeep R Das, David A. Morrow, Da Juanicia N. Holmes, Divya Gupta, Marwah Abdalla, Michelle A. Albert, Joseph H. Williams, and Steven M. Bradley
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Disease registry, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Mace
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed longstanding racial and ethnic inequities in health risks and outcomes in the United States. We aimed to identify racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: The American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry is a retrospective observational registry capturing consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We present data on the first 7868 patients by race/ethnicity treated at 88 hospitals across the United States between January 17, 2020, and July 22, 2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure) and COVID-19 cardiorespiratory ordinal severity score (worst to best: death, cardiac arrest, mechanical ventilation with mechanical circulatory support, mechanical ventilation with vasopressors/inotrope support, mechanical ventilation without hemodynamic support, and hospitalization alone. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between race/ethnicity and each outcome adjusting for differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and presentation features, and accounting for clustering by hospital. Results: Among 7868 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 33.0% were Hispanic, 25.5% were non-Hispanic Black, 6.3% were Asian, and 35.2% were non-Hispanic White. Hispanic and Black patients were younger than non-Hispanic White and Asian patients and were more likely to be uninsured. Black patients had the highest prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Black patients also had the highest rates of mechanical ventilation (23.2%) and renal replacement therapy (6.6%) but the lowest rates of remdesivir use (6.1%). Overall mortality was 18.4% with 53% of all deaths occurring in Black and Hispanic patients. The adjusted odds ratios for mortality were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76–1.14) for Black patients, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.73–1.11) for Hispanic patients, and 1.31 (95% CI, 0.96–1.80) for Asian patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients. The median odds ratio across hospitals was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.74–2.48). Results were similar for major adverse cardiovascular events. Asian patients had the highest COVID-19 cardiorespiratory severity at presentation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.16–1.90]). Conclusions: Although in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ by race/ethnicity after adjustment, Black and Hispanic patients bore a greater burden of mortality and morbidity because of their disproportionate representation among COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Published: 2021
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50. Pilot study evaluating the feasibility of stereotactic body radiation therapy for canine anal sac adenocarcinomas

Author: Deanna Morrow, Michael Grace, Michaela B Swan, Natalie Adby, and David M. Lurie
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Erythema, 040301 veterinary sciences, Stereotactic body radiation therapy, Pilot Projects, Adenocarcinoma, Anal sac adenocarcinoma, Radiosurgery, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Dog Diseases, Prospective Studies, Progression-free survival, Anal Sacs, Colitis, Prospective cohort study, Lymph node, Retrospective Studies, General Veterinary, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, medicine.anatomical_structure, Feasibility Studies, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to treat many canine tumors is rapidly expanding. However, published studies are lacking regarding use of SBRT for management of canine anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), primarily due to concerns regarding intolerable late effects. The objective of this retrospective, pilot study was to describe the efficacy and safety profile of coarse fractions administered with an SBRT regime to manage a group of dogs with ASAC. A total of 12 dogs with ASAC that received SBRT as a component of their treatment were sampled. Three patients had macroscopic primary tumors irradiated, while nine patients received SBRT following incomplete surgical resection. Seven patients also received metastatic regional lymph node irradiation. Primary tumor and nodal irradiation sites received three fractions totaling 22-24 Gy and 22.5-24 Gy, respectively, over three consecutive days. All patients developed acute effects including mild colitis, alopecia, and erythema. Late effects included alopecia, variable dermal pigmentation and leuko- or melanotrichia within radiation fields, and rectal stricture in one patient. A median progression free survival time of 549 days and median survival time of 991 days were achieved in this study. These results should be considered preliminary data suggesting that coarse fractionation administered with an SBRT technique is a safe and effective treatment regime for the management of canine ASAC, with the aim to conduct prospective studies in the future.
Published: 2021
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