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Objetivo: Investigar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre o manejo não farmacológico da dor e descrever os principais métodos não farmacológicos para o manejo da dor em recém-nascidos pré-termo sob cuidados intensivos. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada de julho a agosto de 2018, por meio de entrevista e observação dos cuidados de enfermagem aos neonatos. Participaram duas enfermeiras e seis técnicas de enfermagem e observaram-se quatro recém-nascidos quanto í s respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais aos procedimentos invasivos durante o tratamento intensivo. Resultados: Os métodos mais utilizados pela equipe de enfermagem na Unidade pesquisada foram: soro glicosado a 25%, sucção não nutritiva, contenção facilitada, leite materno e Método Canguru. Conclusão: Algumas participantes demonstraram não conhecer os métodos para manejo não farmacológico da dor em recém-nascidos pré-termo, constatando-se necessidade de mais pesquisas relacionadas í temática investigada.

The objective was to describe, through key points of indigenous health care, what has changed after the implementation of the National Health Care Policy for Indigenous Peoples. For this, the research method chosen was the literature review with a qualitative approach of the results. The studies that composed the sample were retrieved from the SciELO and PubMed databases, from May to August 2018. The results point to the deficiency of training of professionals of the Multidisciplinary Team of Indigenous Health (EMSI) in the context of interethnic relations; the need to define the functions of Indigenous Health Agents (IHA) within EMSI; the good acceptance by indigenous peoples and EMSI regarding biomedical and traditional indigenous treatments, respectively; in addition to the food deficiency of the Indigenous Health Care Information System. That said, there should be trainings in the scope of interethnic action for EMSI and IHA with clear definition of each one’ roles within EMSI, especially the IHA.

Introducao: No contexto atual brasileiro, a atencao a mulher no parto, ainda permanece como um desafio, tanto no que se refere a qualidade da assistencia, quanto na permanencia da utilizacao exacerbada de tecnologias e medicacoes no manejo do parto. Adicionado a esses dificuldades e intensificando as desafios no cenario obstetrico, em 2019 o mundo iniciou o enfrentamento da pandemia denominada Coronavirus (COVID-19). Metodo: Tratou-se de uma Revisao Integrativa de Literatura sobre assistencia obstetrica diante da pandemia relacionada ao COVID-19, com artigos publicados entre 2019-2020 com base nos periodicos LILACS, IBECS, BDENF e BVS/BIREME. Resultados: Identificou-se a prevalencia de inducao de parto e cesareas como pratica a portadora de COVID-19. Somado a este evento de inducao de parto e cesareas, foi descrito o clampeamento oportuno e/ou precoce do cordao umbilical e a separacao da parturiente e do recenato logo apos o nascimento. Associado a essa separacao, o contato pele a pele nao e realizado, como tambem o estimulo a primeira mamada ao nascimento. Conclusao: De acordo com a situacao pandemica do coronavirus, a assistencia obstetrica encontra-se na incerteza, pois ha divergencia no cuidado, relativos aos protocolos preconizados em cada instituicao, alguns obedecendo aos criterios especificas proprios do hospital.

International organizations such as World Health Organization and International Telecommunication Union are encouraging the adoption of m-Health technology considered the use of mobile computing in healthcare promotion and other information and communication technologies systems to reduce geographical barriers and improve in health information. The Partogram brings quality of care by easing the registration, providing an overview of the progress of labor, care auditing, clinical training, and care transfer. However, women progress in labor in different rhythms, and the use of the Partogram might have adverse effects, resulting in a more negative work experience. Furthermore, in this chapter we intend to present Mobile Partogram as a result of a multidisciplinary project of research of a app focused on the support and monitoring of the evolution of labor. The project presented challenges, such as human computer interaction, showing the need for a better model of interaction in the hospital environment. This bases allowed the definition of the tooling and methodology of the design and development of the solution.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the prior knowledge of pregnant women about neonatal care. Methods: We chose an exploratory method with a qualitative approach, developed with 10 pregnant women, in a non-governmental organization in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview with questions about primary care for newborns. Results: In the analysis of the speech emerged the most questionable issues regarding the primary care to the newborn, being carried out health education activities clarifying such practices. Conclusion: It may be noted that the prior knowledge of pregnant women about neonatal care was empirical and limited. Thus,health teaching activities provided a moment of discussion and clarification of doubts.

Resumo O presente estudo analisa os casos notificados de sífilis em gestantes e os possíveis desfechos para o feto e o recém-nascido em Fortaleza, Ceará. Estudo transversal que analisou 175 casos notificados de sífilis em gestantes, pareados com as correspondentes notificações de sífilis congênita durante os anos de 2008 a 2010. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva com frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e dispersão e qui-quadrado de Pearson para analisar a significância estatística, utilizando o valor de p < 0,05. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas das gestantes/puérperas, da assistência prestada aos recém-nascidos e o desfecho dos casos. Os resultados mostraram a ocorrência da sífilis em mulheres jovens com mais de 85,0% de tratamentos inadequados, 62,9% dos parceiros sexuais não tratados ou com informação ignorada e percentuais elevados da não realização dos exames preconizados para a investigação de sífilis congênita nas crianças. Dentre os conceptos, cinco foram natimortos, um aborto e três óbitos neonatais. A falta de tratamento adequado dos casos de sífilis em gestantes pode estar associada à morbimortalidade dos conceptos, mantendo essa infecção como um fardo no rol dos problemas de saúde pública. Abstract This study analyzes the reported cases of syphilis in pregnant women and the possible outcomes for fetuses and the newborn in Fortaleza, Ceará. It is a cross-sectional study that analyzed 175 reported cases of syphilis in pregnant women matched with the corresponding reports of congenital syphilis during the years 2008-2010. Descriptive statistics with absolute and relative frequencies, central tendency and dispersion measures, and the Pearson's chi-square test were used to analyze the statistical significance using the p-value

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between ADL and oral health status in older adults. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional research with 280 people aged ≥60 in public primary health care centers in the city of Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. MEASURES Collection of sociodemographic data, oral discomfort data, and general health data and application of the Community Oral Health Indicator-COHI and the activities of daily living scale. RESULTS Significant differences in functional dependence were found between age groups (p

Introduction: Leprosy is one of the oldest and most stigmatizing diseases to affect mankind and is still considered a public health problem in many developing countries. Objective: To analyze how the social representations of leprosy patients are structured. Method: The purpose of this study was to analyze how the social consequences of leprosy affect people carrying the disease. A multi-method approach was used, based on the Theory of Social Representations. A total of 100 subjects participated in this study (50 males and 50 females). Data were analyzed using the following software: SPSS (to assess social, economic, and clinical aspects, EVOC, SIMI, and AVRIL (to integrate the structure of social consequences). Results: The central core for women was “family”. In the similitude test, this word was associated with “exclusion”. For men, the central core was composed of “family”, “work”, and “treatment”. Conclusions: The healthcare model must strive to take into account the day-to-day concerns of leprosy patients, with a view towards greater consideration of gender differences and the development of a more humanized care system based on full assistance in order to control this disease.

Evaluate the impact of implementing Bowel Management Program (BMP) on quality of life (QoL) in children with fecal incontinence (FI). Children 3–12 years referred to the Children’s Treatment Center of FI were included and categorized accordingto the tendency to constipation (dilated colon; group 1) or diarrhea (non-dilated colon; group 2). Evaluations were performed before and after 3 months of BMP implementation. Perceptions from parents and children about QoL were assessed by the instrument PedsQL4.0 and the severity of FI by the fecal incontinence index (FII) of Wexner scale. 43 children (mean age of 7.7 ± 3.1) were studied. 32 (74.4 %) belonged to group 1 and 11 (25.6 %) to group 2. After 3 months of BMP, it was noticed a significant improvement of the FII (14.5 ± 3.7 versus 2.8 ± 2.5; p

Objectives: Evaluate the QoL of children with CP followed at Núcleo de Tratamento e Estimulação Precoce, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; identify the most affected domains of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, of which target population consisted of parents of children with CP (N = 62). Data collection was carried out by applying the socioeconomic questionnaire and the Health-related Quality of Life tool – HRQoL-PedsQL version 4.0, module applied to parents. Data analysis was performed with SPSS statistical software, version 23.0. Results: The results after transformation of scores into a scale of 0 to 100 in PedsQL, the data showed statistical difference between QOL domains except for physical capacity and social aspect and in descending order of impairment, the domains were related to school activity, the emotional aspect, physical capacity and the social aspect. Conclusions: Given the above, to attain improvement in QoL indicators, it is reasonable to propose interdisciplinary intervention among healthcare professionals in order to develop improved strategies aiming to promote early integration of children with CP in schools, to obtain significant results.

Objectives: To assess the perception of women about prevention of cervical cancer, as well as to identify the factors that influence the adhesion to the exam and to describe the role of the nurse in gynecologic consultation from the perspective of the patients. Methods: Qualitative study, carried out in October and November 2015, with 22 women attended in a primary health care unit located in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, by means of semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: Meanings assigned to cervical cytological examination and adhesion to the exam; Barriers to taking periodic examination for prevention of cervical cancer; Role of the nurse in the prevention of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Health professionals working in primary health care, especially nurses, must know the cultural context in which women are included, as well as understand the meanings that they attribute to the cervical exam, so they can adopt effective interventions to improve the access to preventive examination and, consequently, reduce mortality rates related to this cancer.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a polifarmácia (uso diário de dois ou mais) de medicamentos contínuos e seus fatores associados em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo seccional realizado com idosos residentes em área urbana do município de Quixadá-CE, no período de maio a dezembro de 2009. A amostra compôs-se de 384 indivíduos, com 60 anos ou mais, usuários de medicamentos contínuos. As variáveis estudadas foram as sociodemográficas, econômicas e das características de saúde e referentes ao uso de medicamentos. Para a análise da associação entre a variável dependente polifarmácia de medicamentos contínuos e as variáveis independentes foi elaborado um modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram predominância de idosos do sexo feminino, faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos, casados, ensino fundamental incompleto, sem exercer atividade remunerada, renda familiar de até um salário mínimo, habitando em moradia própria, residindo com até três pessoas. Constatou-se uma prevalência de 70,6% de polifarmácia em idosos, sendo mais elevada no sexo feminino (66,4%). Os fatores associados positivamente ao uso de dois ou mais medicamentos contínuos foram: renda familiar acima de um salário mínimo (OR 2,83; IC95% = 1,54-5,32); duas ou mais condições crônicas autorreferidas (OR 17,71; IC95% = 9,80-31,990) e autopercepção da qualidade de vida regular e ruim (OR 2,85; IC95% = 1,60-5,07). CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se uma prática de polifarmácia de medicamentos contínuos em idosos com renda familiar superior a um salário mínimo, que apresenta duas ou mais condições crônicas e autopercepção da sua qualidade de vida entre regular e ruim. Situação que remete a questões relativas aos aspectos social, cultural, econômico e de saúde.

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Compreender a qualidade de vida do cuidador de criancas com paralisia cerebral. Metodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada no Nucleo de Tratamento...

Introduction and objective Sexual function may be affected in women with urinary incontinence (UI), but data regarding this association are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sociodemographic characteristics in the sexual function of Brazilian women with UI. Study design Cross-sectional study with 251 women with UI in the period from April to June 2014. Firstly, sociodemographic and pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) characteristics were compared between groups of women with and without sexual activity. Secondly, we compared the variables above with the total score of Pelvic Organ Prolapse and/or Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). For continuous variables, we used the Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis test; for categorical variables we used the chi-square statistic considering the difference of p Results Women with sexual activity tend to be younger, to be premenopausal, have a steady partner and not be hypertensive. The mean total score of PISQ-12 was 27.30. Women who attended elementary school, with coital UI, with moderate constipation and symptomatic prolapse have worse sexual function. Premenopausal women with mixed urinary incontinence have worse sexual function than those with stress urinary incontinence. Conclusion The association between sexual dysfunction and UI deserves special attention from health professionals. The care of the maintenance or restoration of sexual well-being should be offered to all women, regardless of age, since UI may affect sexual life and QoL of these women.

We sought to know the spectra of mothers of premature children regarding their experience with circle of culture of educational character and identifying the learning provided by the circle of culture about newborn care after hospital discharge. A descriptive study was performed in a hospital located in Fortaleza, Brazil. Three meetings of a circle of culture with 17 mothers of premature newborns were performed. The interpretation of the corpus was performed using thematic analysis. Emerged from the categories: Maternal experience in a circle of culture; Promoted social support among mothers through the circle of culture; and Learning provided by the circle of culture. It was concluded that teaching parents during the hospitalization of the child should be held in a way to involve parents in the care of the newborn, provide moments of health education, opportunities for support and dialogue between professionals and family. Resumen Buscamos conocer los espectros de las madres de niños prematuros con respecto a su experiencia con el círculo de la cultura de carácter educativo e identificar el aprendizaje proporcionado por el círculo de la cultura sobre el cuidado del recién nacido tras el alta hospitalaria. Un estudio descriptivo se realizó en un hospital ubicado en Fortaleza, Brasil. Se realizaron tres reuniones de un círculo de la cultura con 17 madres de prematuros recién nacidos. La interpretación del corpus se ha realizado mediante el análisis temático. Surgido de las categorías: Experiencia materna en un círculo de la cultura; Promovido el apoyo social entre las madres a través del círculo de la cultura; y El aprendizaje proporcionado por el círculo de la cultura. La enseñanza de los padres durante la hospitalización del niño debe ser recluido en una forma de involucrar a los padres en el cuidado del recién nacido, proporcionar momentos de educación para la salud, las oportunidades para el apoyo y el diálogo entre los profesionales y familiares. Resumo Buscou-se conhecer os espectros de mães de prematuros acerca da vivência em círculo de cultura de caráter educativo e identificar o aprendizado proporcionado pelo círculo de cultura acerca dos cuidados com recém-nascido após alta hospitalar. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, em um hospital situado em Fortaleza-CE-Brasil. Foram realizadas três círculo de cultura com 17 mães de recém-nascido pré-termo. A interpretação do corpus foi realizada por meio da análise temática. Emergiram-se as categorias: Vivência materna em círculo de cultura; Apoio social promovido entre as mães por meio do círculo de cultura; e Aprendizado proporcionado no círculo de cultura. A capacitação dos pais durante o período de internação do filho deve ser realizada de modo a inserir os pais nos cuidados com o recém-nascido, proporcionar momentos de educação em saúde, ocasiões de apoio e diálogo entre os profissionais e a família.

Thousands of children under five die from preventable diseases. Community interventions that emphasize primary care on health and nutrition have been identified as one of the solutions to overcome this problem. This study aimed to develop educational workshops to improve the perception of mothers about infant nutrition, using a qualitative approach with technical educational workshops, in a Health Unit of the City of Fortaleza, during the period from February to June 2008. The seven participants were mothers accompanying their children in childcare consultation. The analysis of data was made through a survey and saturation of responses, from where the thematic categories emerged: the contribution of educational workshops, breastfeeding and introduction of complementary feeding. The educational activities allowed a better awareness of mothers in relation to child nutrition and development of critical awareness of their essential role on children nutrition. In conclusion, the professional should emphasize the importance and benefits of adequate diet, and for this is necessary educational strategies in health, offering exchanges of knowledge, since they are different experiences in which the learning is significant.

The objective was to identify conditions for the discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding. This is a qualitative study developed in a Primary Health Care Unit (PHCU) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It included 20 mothers of children aged 0-6 months old who were breastfeeding. The reports evidenced three categories: Guidance received during prenatal care; Meanings of breastfeeding; Determinants of early weaning. It can be concluded that part of the determinants of early weaning is in the building of or failure to build knowledge about breastfeeding. Cultural concepts or myths are inadequate and socially reproduced due to failure, on the part of health professionals who assist expectant mothers during prenatal care or those who assist postpartum women, to deconstruct them.

Objetivou-se descrever a vivência das mães sobre os cuidados prestados aos filhos, bem como a percepção destas em relação à consulta de puericultura. Realizou-se pesquisa-ação com onze mães de crianças menores de dois anos e utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada em visita domiciliária às mães, seguidas de consultas mensais de puericultura e estratégias de educação em saúde e de nova entrevista para avaliação da implementação das consultas. Após descrição e análise dos dados, emergiram as categorias: Construção da Competência para ser mãe; Alternativas e Tratamento da Doença; Aprendizado na Puericultura. As consultas favorecem o cuidado das mães ao filho, proporcionando saúde de qualidade, por meio da promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. It was aimed to describe the experience of mothers on the care offered to their children, as well as their perception on child care consultation. A research action was carried out with eleven mothers of children under two years, we used the semi-structured interview in home visits to mothers, followed by monthly visits for child care and health education strategies, and new interviews to assess the implementation of consultations. After data's description and analysis, the categories emerged: Construction of Power to be a Mother, Alternatives and Treatment on the Disease; Learning in Child Care. Consultations favor the care of mothers with the child, providing quality health care through health promotion and disease prevention. El objetivo fue describir la experiencia de las madres acerca de la atención a los hijos, así como su percepción sobre la consulta de puericultura. Se llevó a cabo la investigación / acción con once madres de niños menores que dos años, se utilizó la entrevista seme estructurada en las visitas domiciliarias a las madres, seguidos de visitas mensuales de puericultura y las estrategias de educación, salud y nuevas entrevistas para evaluar la aplicación de consultas. Después de describir y analizar los datos, surgieron las categorías: Construcción de la competencia para ser madre, Alternativas y tratamiento delante de la enfermedad; Aprendizaje en la Atención de Niños. Las consultas promueven la atención de las madres al hijo, proporcionando la atención de calidad a través de la promoción de la salud y de la prevención de enfermedades.

This is a descriptive-exploratory study, carried out at the Center for Integrated Medical Care - NAMI and the Dende community from January to June 2005. The purpose was to investigate maternal knowledge on care and information about malnutrition. The informants were six mothers of malnourished children. Data collection was developed through semi- structured interviews and participant observation. Research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Fortaleza on the advice of Report N. 023/2005. The analysis was performed through classification and comprehension, resulting in the emerging themes: Behavior and feeding of malnourished children; Perception and feelings of the family in relation to the malnourished child; and the care and knowledge of families regarding malnutrition. The results showed that in a social group, apparently homogeneous, there is heterogeneity among children and families belonging to the same social strata, as well as different behaviors. It was concluded that despite the complexity of the approach on the intervention, these factors represent inequalities on health and enables search for strategies to overcome them.

Objetivou-se identificar as práticas culturais em relação ao aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um PSF. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em Pentecoste, Ceará, com 15 mães que demonstraram algum fator restritivo ao aleitamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada e, após análise, emergiram as categorias empíricas: prazer em amamentar e prevenção de doenças; influência da família/comunidade; e dificuldade em manter a amamentação. As mães verbalizaram dificuldades na prática da amamentação, ausência de um suporte adequado do serviço de saúde que envolva fatores não somente biológicos, mas no âmbito social e cultural. Conclui-se que há distanciamento entre o discurso científico e as práticas culturais do dia-a-dia dessas famílias. The objective of this study was to identify the cultural practices about breastfeeding among families enrolled in a Family Health Program (FHP). This exploratory study was performed in the city of Pentecoste (Ceará, Brazil), with 15 mothers who showed some restrictive factor for breastfeeding. Data collection was through direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed empirical categories of pleasure in breastfeeding and the prevention of diseases; influence from family/community; and the difficulty to sustain breastfeeding. The mothers reported difficulties related to the practice of breastfeeding, a lack of adequate health service support involving not only biological but also social and cultural factors. There is a disconnection between the scientific discourse and families' everyday cultural practices. Se objetivó identificar las prácticas culturales en relación al amamantamiento materno entre familias registradas en un PSF. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, realizado en Pentecoste, Ceará, con 15 madres que demostraron algún factor restrictivo al amamantamiento. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de observación directa y entrevista semiestructurada y, después del análisis, emergieron las categorías empíricas: placer en amamantar y prevención de enfermedades; influencia de la familia/comunidad; y dificultad en mantener el amamantamiento. Las madres verbalizaron dificultades en la práctica del amamantamiento, ausencia de un soporte adecuado del servicio de salud que contenga factores no solamente biológicos, y si también del ámbito social y cultural. Se concluye que hay un distanciamiento entre el discurso científico y las prácticas culturales de lo cotidiano de esas familias.

Este estudo descreve o cotidiano de professoras da educação infantil, em creches de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, bem como as ações desenvolvidas e as possibilidades de prevenção de acidentes com crianças, nesse espaço educativo e de cuidado à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 17 professoras de Educação Infantil, que trabalhavam em creches da Secretaria Executiva Regional VI, em Fortaleza, Ceará, em 2004. A entrevista semi-estruturada conduziu à coleta de dados e esses foram analisados à luz do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados evidenciaram que as professoras concebem esse tipo de acidente como passível de prevenção mediante a orientação à família, alterações físicas no espaço domiciliar e elaboração e cumprimento de leis específicas. Reconhecem que a agilidade e curiosidade da criança favorecem a ocorrência dos acidentes. Em suas práticas, relatam e propõem vigilância, mudanças na estrutura física das creches e educação por meio de orientações às crianças, professores, pais ou responsáveis, estendendo-se à comunidade. Portanto, é preciso que os profissionais de saúde compartilhem sua prática de cuidado com os profissionais do setor da educação, não só prevenindo acidentes e outros agravos à saúde humana, mas, sobretudo, ampliando conceitos que contribuam com a Promoção da Saúde. This paper describes the daily of infantile education teachers in day-cares in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil as well as the developed actions and the possibilities of prevention accidents' with children, in this educative space of health care. It is a descriptive study, using a qualitative approach that involved 17 day care teachers working at the 6th Regional Executive Office (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil) in the year of 2004. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data, which was analysed using the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) technique. The results showed that teachers believe that this type of accident is preventable through family orientation, physical modifications of house spaces and creation and enforcement of specific laws. They recognise children's agility and curiosity, which facilitate the occurrence of accidents. In their practices, they report and suggest vigilance, physical changes at the day care centers, and education, through orientation directed to children, teachers, parents (or care givers), and the community. Therefore, health care professionals should share their 'caring' practice with professionals in the educational area, not only in order to prevent accidents and other human health afflictions, but also to expand concepts that contribute Health Promotion.

The food consumption in childhood is closely associated with the profile of health and nutrition, particularly among children under two years. Aimed to investigate the perception of the mother before the breast feeding in the face of childcare. Exploratory descriptive study, with qualitative approach, in which it used the technique of semi-structured interview. The scenario was the Nucleo de Atencao Medica Integrada (NAMI), located in the city of Fortaleza-CE, and the Servico de Saude Matos Dourado. It is the period August/2006 to June/2007. The participants were 22 mothers who accompanied their children in consultation with childcare. The data analysis was carried out by the saturation of answers from which emerged the categories: Cultural trial on Breastfeeding, The mothers milk not maintains and Influence of the job Breastfeeding. It was clear that, despite the knowledge, the mothers were complaining of milk, passed in the introduction of complementary foods before the six months, and justify the weaning with the need to work and empirical knowledge acquired in culture. Therefore, health education strategies are important, because to allow nutritionist develop activities targeted to the principles of food education, facilitating the critical awareness development of key role in the child nutrition.

One aimed to know the feelings of mothers that experience the mother-kangaroo method, during the hospitalization period in the mother-kangaroo infirmary and contribute to the Nursing Team, aiming a better perception of adversities faced by mothers in this infirmary. Developed in the Mother-kangaroo Infirmary of a School-Maternity, in Fortaleza-CE, in the period of October to November, 2006. A semi-structured interview with guiding questions was applied. From that, the following themes emerged: knowledge, care, receptivity and caress. It was observed that the mothers consider the Kangaroo method represents an opportunity of learning how to care for their babies and that bonding is relevant and helps in the baby’s recovery. It becomes highly important to the Nursing professionals this caring and welcoming posture, thus optimizing, the care to the mother-son binomial.

Objetivamos identificar o conhecimento das mães acerca da amamentação, visando investigar sentimentosmaternos a respeito dessa prática. Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand–MEAC, em Fortaleza-CE. Os sujeitos foram 10 mães assistidas por profissionais da MEAC.A coleta de dados foi de julho a agosto de 2005, com a observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada. O conteúdofoi agrupado nas categorias: Orientações recebidas do serviço; Vantagens x desvantagens; Duração do aleitamentomaterno; Sentimento ao amamentar. Os dados obtidos permitiram compreender que as mulheres são conscientes dosbenefícios, mas se queixam de que a amamentação é difícil, contribuindo para a introdução de alimentos complementares,podendo haver um desvio no crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças. Concluímos que estratégias de educação emsaúde são importantes, pois permitem desenvolver atividades de educar, facilitando a sensibilização das mulheres para atomada de consciência destes valores.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the meanings of the mothers' participation in looking after their undernourished child. METHODS: An ethnographic approach was adopted, focusing on group dynamics within the family. RESULTS: Family influence in undernourished child care and the prevention of current and future practices related to the factors impede quality care. CONCLUSION: The cultural meanings that guide mothers, in terms of care, support, education and culture, are sustained by the social structure and have direct effects on the quality of people's life, as individuals and as social groups. OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar o significado da participação das mães no cuidado da criança desnutrida. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada uma abordagem etnográfica, focalizando na dinâmica de grupo dentro da família. RESULTADOS: Foi evidenciado que a família influencia no cuidado à criança desnutrida e a prevenção das atuais e futuras práticas relacionadas aos fatores culturais impedem a qualidade do cuidado. CONCLUSÃO: O significado que conduz a mãe, em relação ao cuidado e suporte, educação e cultura são sustentados por uma estrutura social e tem efeitos diretos na qualidade de vida das pessoas, como indivíduos e também como grupo social. OBJETIVO: Identificar y analizar el significado de la participación de las madres en el cuidado del niño desnutrido. MÉTODOS: Fue utilizado el abordaje etnográfico, focalizando en la dinámica de grupo dentro de la familia. RESULTADOS: Fue evidenciado que la familia influye en el cuidado al niño desnutrido y la prevención de las actuales y futuras prácticas relacionadas a los factores culturales que impiden la calidad del cuidado. CONCLUSIÓN: El significado que conduce la madre, en relación al cuidado y soporte, educación y cultura son sustentados por una estructura social y tiene efectos directos en la calidad de vida de las personas, como individuos y también como grupo social.

This is a descriptive exploratory study, qualitative approach, aiming to: know the meaning of the Neonatal Care Unit - NCU setting for mothers of newborns and identify their beliefs and feelings towards their children admitted to a Neonatal Care Unit. It was carried out in the Neonatal Care Unit of a large public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara State/ Brazil. The subjects were 11 mothers of newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Care Unit of the aforementioned hospital. Data were collected in August and September/2005 by means of a semi-structured interview. In the data analysis, the following categories were identified: neonatal care unit, feeling concerning their children’s hospitalization in the Neonatal Care Unit, received guidance x technological apparatus and reception in the Neonatal Care Unit. It was concluded that: the lack of information about the baby’s health condition, procedures and devices present in the Neonatal Care Unit may cause the mother’s detachment from the unit and, consequently, from her child.

Realizou-se um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa no qual objetivou-se verificar o lúdico como facilitador na humanização do cuidado da criança hospitalizada. Teve como sujeitos 10 crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos em condições de brincar e conscientes. A coleta dos dados deu-se através de oficinas envolvendo brincadeiras e observação do comportamento das crianças após a participação nas mesmas, sendo utilizado um check list, denominado de ‘’Ficha de registro das reações comportamentais’’. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados por meio de gráficos. Como resultado, observou-se que a promoção do brincar na hospitalização infantil pode facilitar, abrindo possibilidades para uma assistência mais criativa e humanizada, reduzindo os efeitos estressantes. Logo, verificou-se a importância da utilização do lúdico na prática diária, pelos profissionais da saúde, facilitando assistência à criança hospitalizada.

O estado nutricional infantil reflete o consumo alimentar e o estado de saúde, de modo que esses fatores dependem da disponibilidade de alimento no domicílio, da salubridade, do ambiente e do cuidado destinado à criança. Objetivou-se compreender como a família convive com a problemática da desnutrição infantil. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo em que se apresentam percepções e sentimentos obtidos mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações realizadas com 10 mães de crianças desnutridas, que residem na periferia de Fortaleza - Ceará, Brasil. As categorias temáticas emergidas no discurso transcrito foram desemprego e incerteza do alimento. A síntese das categorias analisadas evidenciou que o agravante da fome é caracterizado frente a uma incerteza da família. Assim, buscam opções de apoio, como o posto de saúde, familiares, igreja e comunidade. Conclui-se sobre a necessidade de priorizar um trabalho preventivo, mediante políticas públicas de saúde, objetivando medidas que perpassem o real mundo da promoção da saúde. Children's nutritional condition reflects both their food consumption and health condition. These factors depend on the food available at home, salubriousness, the environment and the care the child receives. This qualitative study presents perceptions and feelings in order to understand how families live with the problem of child malnutrition. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and observations, involving 10 mothers of undernourished children in the suburbs of Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil. The transcriptions of their discourse revealed the theme categories unemployment and food insecurity. The synthesis of the categories under analysis evidenced that the hunger problem is characteristic by the family's insecurity. Thus, they search for support options, such as health centers, relatives, church and community. There is a need to prioritize preventive work, through public health policies, aimed at measures related to the real world of health promotion. El estado nutricional infantil refleja el consumo alimentar y el estado de salud, de modo que eses factores dependen de la disponibilidad de alimento en el domicilio, de la salubridad, del ambiente y del cuidado destinado al niño. El objetivo fue comprender como la familia convive con la problemática de la desnutrición infantil. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en el que se presentan percepciones y sentimientos obtenidos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones realizadas con 10 madres de niños desnutridos, que residen en la periferia de Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil. Las categorías temáticas emergidas en el discurso transcrito fueron desempleo e incertidumbre del alimento. La síntesis de las categorías analizadas evidenció que el agravante del hambre es caracterizado por la incertidumbre de la familia. Así, buscan opciones de apoyo, como el puesto de salud, familiares, iglesia y comunidad. Se concluyó que es necesario priorizar un trabajo preventivo, mediante políticas públicas de salud, con el objetivo de que sean tomadas medidas que consideren el mundo real de la promoción de salud.

Maternal perception on follow-up monitoring towards the improvement of children’s care is investigated. Current descriptive qualitative study was performed at the outpatient clinic of a secondary care hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara State, Brazil, from July to September 2010. Half-structured interviews were undertaken with 16 mothers who accompanied their children in the follow-up. Minayo thematic analysis enabled data categorization in Child Development, Continuing Care, Importance of Follow-up. The monitoring of children discharged from intensive care units is relevant for the prevention of injuries in neuropsychomotor development. The exchange of information and guidance received during follow-up visits provided support to mothers devoted to child care and promoted trust and confidence for care continuation. Health professionals have a role beyond the care itself, or rather, the provision of educational support through the interactive process, including family-provided assistance which becomes part of the method of caring.

Aborda o contexto cultural familiar da adolescente, mãe de criança desnutrida, utilizando-se o método etnográfico para refletir sobre o cuidado dessas mães para com seus filhos. Percebe-se que as mães adolescentes aceitam de familiares e vizinhos orientação sobre o que é melhor para o cuidado do filho. Concluise pela necessidade de um trabalho educativo que contextualize o cuidado da criança desnutrida em seus aspectos socio-culturais.

This study aimed to identify the cultural factor that interferes with the care of undernourished children and to propose actions of Popular Health Education in the assistance of undernourished children. It regards an action research developed at the Nucleus of Integrated Medical Attention – NAMI, performed between January and July 2008. Eight mothers and one father took part in the study, with ages varying from 20 to 48 years old. The data collection took place by means of semi-structured interviews and educational workshops, which were used in the Bardin content analysis. After organizing the result, the following categories were identified: unknown malnutrition; educative workshops and popular knowledge; conscience of care. The results point to a new conscience at the care of undernourished children in the community culture. interventions of Popular Health Education adjusted to culturally distinct groups are recommended. In this perspective, the proposals must be considered, making possible and stimulating Popular Education, searching for changes in the constitution of new subjects and citizens and committed to the overcoming of social, economic and political barriers.

Aimed to investigate the care offered to children infected with HIV / AIDS. Exploratory and descriptive research, with qualitative approach, carried out in the pediatric clinic of a public hospital of infectious diseases in reference to AIDS in Fortaleza. The informants were 17 caregivers of children infected by HIV / AIDS outpatient waiting in the hospital. Data collection occurred during the months of february to may 2009, through semistructured questionnaire on socioeconomic status, where to draw the profile of carers. After description of the data, these were analyzed, emerging themes: Children with HIV need care, Caregiver assistance for children with HIV, Children with HIV and prejudice and is difficult to care for the child with HIV, but my son is a normal child. It was noted that several factors influence the care of children with HIV, but that caregivers seek to improve the quality of their lives, considering them as normal, despite the stigmas set by society.