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Technische Universitat Berlin has been active in the field of small satellites for more than 25 years and has successfully developed, built and operated 21 satellites to date. One of the recent developments of the university is TUBiX20, a highly modular microsatellite platform that was designed to support various different mission types. At the moment, three missions of Technische Universitat Berlin are based on TUBiX20, namely TechnoSat, TUBIN, and QUEEN. Launched in July 2017, TechnoSat is the first mission to demonstrate the TUBiX20 platform in orbit. TechnoSat's mission is the demonstration of seven technology payloads that include an S-band transmitter and a reaction wheel system. This paper presents initial orbit results of the TechnoSat mission, focusing on the payloads relevant for future TUBiX20 missions. Here, the evolution of the experiments towards increasing complexity from the commissioning phase into manoeuvres that combine the use of several payloads underlines the platform's versatility. Furthermore, a quick adaptation of payloads like the S-band transmitter and the reaction wheel system into regular operations was possible by exploiting the platform's modular architecture. TechnoSat achieved all its mission objectives within the nominal mission time and is now used within its extended mission duration primarily to test and demonstrate capabilities for the upcoming missions.

On July 14th, 2017, the 20 kg satellite TechnoSat was carried into orbit from Baikonur Cosmodrome as the first satellite based on Technische Universitat Berlin’s novel modular TUBiX20 microsatellite platform. Its mission is the in-orbit demonstration of the platform and seven additional payloads. The second mission based on TUBiX20 is TUBIN, which is scheduled for launch in 2020. The satellite carries two infrared imagers accompanied by a camera for the visible light spectrum and shall demonstrate wildfire detection from orbit. While the platform concept already proved itself successful during TechnoSat operations, its performance needs to be further enhanced for TUBIN to meet the requirements of its Earth observation payload. This paper describes the upgrade of the TUBiX20 platform according to the requirements of the TUBIN mission. Here, the focus is set on illustrating how the modular platform design allows scaling the performance while at the same time keeping the modifications to the flight-proven system at a minimum. Second, the paper gives insights into the results of the TechnoSat mission and outlines how the experience gained in orbit benefits the platform upgrade for TUBIN.

The Ultraviolet Transient Astronomical Satellite (ULTRASAT) is a scientific UV space telescope that will operate in geostationary orbit. The mission, targeted to launch in 2024, is led by the Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS) in Israel and the Israel Space Agency (ISA). Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) in Germany is tasked with the development of the UV-sensitive camera at the heart of the telescope. The camera's total sensitive area of ~90mm x 90mm is built up by four back-side illuminated CMOS sensors, which image a field of view of ~200 deg2. Each sensor has 22.4 megapixels. The Schmidt design of the telescope locates the detector inside the optical path, limiting the overall size of the assembly. As a result, the readout electronics is located in a remote unit outside the telescope. The short focal length of the telescope requires an accurate positioning of the sensors within +-50 mu along the optical axis, with a flatness of +-10 mu. While the telescope will be at around 295K during operations, the sensors are required to be cooled to 200K for dark current reduction. At the same time, the ability to heat the sensors to 343K is required for decontamination. In this paper, we present the preliminary design of the UV sensitive ULTRASAT camera., Comment: "UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXII", Proc. SPIE 11821, Optics and Photonics, 11821-21 (August, 2021). Contact authors Rolf Buehler (rolf.buehler@desy.de) and Merlin Barschke (merlin.barschke@desy.de)

The Ultraviolet Transient Astronomical Satellite is a scientific space mission carrying an astronomical telescope. The mission is led by the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and the Israel Space Agency, while the camera in the focal plane is designed and built by Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron in Germany. Two key science goals of the mission are the detection of counterparts to gravitational wave sources and supernovae. The launch to geostationary orbit is planned for 2024. The telescope with a field-of-view of $\approx200$deg$^2$, is optimized to work in the near-ultraviolet band between $220$ and $280$nm. The focal plane array is composed of four $22.4$-megapixel, backside-illuminated CMOS sensors with a total active area of 90x90mm$^2$. Prior to sensor production, smaller test sensors have been tested to support critical design decisions for the final flight sensor. These test sensors share the design of epitaxial layer and anti-reflective coatings (ARC) with the flight sensors. Here, we present a characterization of these test sensors. Dark current and read noise are characterized as a function of the device temperature. A temperature-independent noise level is attributed to on-die infrared emission and the read-out electronics` self-heating. We utilize a high-precision photometric calibration setup to obtain the test sensors` quantum efficiency (QE) relative to PTB/NIST-calibrated transfer standards ($220$-$1100$nm), the quantum yield for $\lambda < 300$nm, the non-linearity of the system, and the conversion gain. The uncertainties are discussed in the context of the newest results on the setup`s performance parameters. From three ARC options, Tstd, T1 and T2, the latter optimizes out-of-band rejection and peaks in the mid of the ULTRASAT operational waveband (max. QE $\approx80\%$ at $245\mathrm{nm}$). We recommend ARC option T2 for the final ULTRASAT UV sensor.

著者人数: 58名ほか (The OSIRIS-REx Team: 所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; 吉川, 真; 渡邊, 誠一郎), Number of authors: 58 and The OSIRIS-REx Team (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-icihro), Accepted: 2019-02-19, 資料番号: SA1190037000

The new generation of agile earth observation satellites provides much higher observation capabilities than their non-agile predecessors. From a kinematic point of view, these capabilities result in more complex guidance laws for the spacecraft’s attitude control system. The computation of these guidance laws is driven by a number of factors. For instance, the Earth’s curved shape and its rotation in combination with the possible scan path geometries lead to a highly nonlinear relation between the motion of the satellite and the line-of-sight projection onto Earth. In this paper ASSET (Agile Satellites Scenario Evaluation Tool) is presented. ASSET is a modular MATLAB command line tool developed at Astrium GmbH, Germany, to asses the manoeuvre capabilities of agile satellites carrying time-delayed integration instruments. Each single scenario may consist of one or several ground scans, linked by suitable spacecraft slews. Once the entire scenario is defined, ASSET will analyse whether the kinematic and dynamic constraints of a specific satellite allow this scenario to be performed and will then generate the related guidance profile (angles and angular rates). The satellites’ ground track, the projection of the instruments line-of-sight, and the projection of the instruments field of view onto the earth can be plotted for a visual inspection. ASSET can perform the analysis of scenarios with several different scan modes usually performed by this type of satellite.

The growing number of citizen space exploration projects require an easily customised, user friendly, open source mission control software application. Devised to support a UK Space Agency CubeSat student payload, Open Mission Control has been extended to support the unique requirements of space exploration missions managed by engaged citizens. Such missions are characterised by their design and substantial operation by citizens typically not engaged in professional space engineering and science. Technical skill ranges from nonexistent to highly sophisticated, so developing software that is satisfying for users of all abilities is challenging. Open Mission Control supports this diverse user base by allowing a mission control application to be created by visually populating the Open Mission Control Application Framework with modules from the Open Mission Control Toolbox. These cover the wide range of telemetry and command functions that a typical small space mission requires, such as a command module with a robust, yet easy to use, arm-and-release procedure. The software can support a variety of ground segment architectures including CCSDS, GENSO and myGroundStations.com, with data replicated and displayed locally in mission specific interfaces. The software is cryptographically configured to act as an active mission control or passive outreach installation allowing ’the real thing’ to be safely used by users of all ability. Written in National Instruments LabVIEW and a participant in the ESA Summer of Code in Space, source code and binaries released under an OSI BSD license for Windows, OSX and Linux can be downloaded from OpenMissionControl.org. UKube-1 and myPocketQub 391, due to be launched in the second half of 2012, are the first flight projects expected to use the software, followed by many of more than one hundred citizen sponsored Sprite spacecraft due to be dispensed by the KickSat.org CubeSat in early 2013.

1 The mechanism involved in catecholamine (CA) release from the cat adrenal gland in response to insulin hypoglycaemia was studied. In intact cats, hypoglycaemia induced an 11 fold increase in adrenomedullary CA secretion. 2 Acute bilateral nephrectomy nearly abolished the increased CA release from the adrenal gland during hypoglycaemia. 3 Infusion of Sar1-Ileu8-Angiotensin II (AII), a competitive AII antagonist, suppressed the adrenomedullary response to the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. After termination of the antagonist infusion CA secretion from the adrenal medulla increased rapidly, reaching the same level as in insulin-treated cats. 4 Infusion of rabbit anti-angiotensin I antibodies suppressed CA release from the adrenal gland of hypoglycaemic cats. This effect was more prolonged than that of Sar1-Ileu8-AII. 5 These results indicate that CA release from the adrenal medulla of the cat in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, is mediated through the renal reninangiotensin system. Since hypoglycaemia causes sympathetic stimulation through a central mechanism, angiotensin may act through the central nervous system.

Background Early integration of palliative care in oncology practice ("simultaneous care", SC) has been shown to provide better care resulting in improved quality-of-life and also survival. We evaluated the opinions of Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) members. Patients and methods A 37-item questionnaire was delivered to 1119 AIOM members. Main areas covered were: social, ethical, relational aspects of disease and communication, training, research, organizational and management models in SC. Three open questions explored the definition of Quality of Life, Medical Oncologist and Palliative Care. Results Four hundred and forty-nine (40.1%) medical oncologists returned the questionnaires. Forty-nine percent stated they address non-curability when giving a diagnosis of metastatic tumor, and 43% give the information only to patients who clearly ask for it. Fifty-five percent say the main formative activity in palliative medicine came from attending meetings and 90% agree that specific palliative care training should be part of the core curriculum in oncology. Twenty-two percent stated they consulted guidelines for symptom management, 45% relied upon personal experience and 26% make a referral to a palliative care specialist. Seventy-four percent were in favor of more research in palliative medicine. An integration between Units of Oncology and Palliative Care Services early in the course of advanced disease was advocated by 86%. Diverse and multifaceted definitions were given for the concepts of Quality of Life, Palliative Care and Medical Oncologist. Conclusion SC is felt as an important task, as well as training of medical oncologists in symptom management and research in this field.

When using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) inks for writing photothermal readable secure information, it is of utmost importance to obtain a sharp and stable shape of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption bands in the prints. The T increase at a given irradiation wavelength (DTl) is the retrieved information when printed patterns are interrogated with a laser source. As DTl is proportional to the absorbance at the wavelength l, any enlargement or change of the absorbance peak shape in a printed pattern would lead to wrong or unreliable reading. With the aim of preparing AuNP inks suitable for inkjet printing of patterns with stable and reliable photothermal reading, we prepared liquid solutions of spherical AuNP coated with a series of different polymers and with or without additional dispersant. The optical stability of the inks and of the printed patterns were checked by monitoring the shape changes of the sharp LSPR absorption band of AuNP in the visible (lmax 519 nm) along weeks of ageing. AuNP coated with neutral polyethylenglycol thiols (HS-PEG) of mw 2000&ndash, 20,000 showed a strong tendency to rapidly agglomerate in the dry prints. The close contact between agglomerated AuNP resulted in the loss of the pristine shape of the LSPR band, that flattened and enlarged with the further appearance of a second maximum in the Near IR, due to plasmon hybridization. The tendency to agglomerate was found directly proportional to the PEG mw. Addition of the ethylcellulose (EC) dispersant to inks resulted in an even stronger and faster tendency to LSPR peak shape deformation in the prints due to EC hydrophobicity, that induced AuNP segregation and promoted agglomeration. The introduction of a charge on the AuNP coating revelead to be the correct way to avoid agglomeration and obtain printed patterns with a sharp LSPR absorption band, stable with ageing. While the use of a simple PEG thiol with a terminal negative charge, HS-PEGCOO(&minus, ) (mw 3000), was not sufficient, overcoating with the positively charged polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and further overcoating with the negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) yielded AuNP@HS-PEGCOO(&minus, )/PAH(+) and AuNP@HS-PEGCOO(&minus, )/PAH(+)/PSS(&minus, ), both giving stable prints. With these inks we have shown that it is possible to write photothermally readable secure information. In particular, the generation of reliable three-wavelength photothemal barcodes has been demonstrated.