21 results on '"Masato Odagaki"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of Corticospinal Excitability between Observations of Tonic Contraction and Rhythmic Movement: a TMS Study
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Kenta Kaneko, Yuki Osawa, Kanchi Ito, Yutaka Kikuchi, and Masato Odagaki
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030506 rehabilitation ,Movement (music) ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,Visual feedback ,Computer Science Applications ,Biomaterials ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,TONIC CONTRACTION ,0302 clinical medicine ,Motor imagery ,Rhythm ,medicine ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2017
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3. Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation facilitates excitability of spinal reflex, but does not affect cerebellar inhibition and facilitation in spinocerebellar ataxia
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Kenta Kaneko, Yutaka Kikuchi, Akiyoshi Matsugi, Masato Odagaki, and Yuta Seko
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Cerebellum ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Affect (psychology) ,Spinal Facilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,business.industry ,Electromyography ,General Neuroscience ,Motor Cortex ,Spinal reflex ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Evoked Potentials, Motor ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Electric Stimulation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Spinal Cord ,Spinocerebellar ataxia ,Facilitation ,Female ,Tibial Nerve ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the cerebellum facilitates the spinal reflex in healthy humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such cerebellar spinal facilitation (CSpF) appears in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) presenting with atrophy in the cerebellar gray matter and dentate nucleus. One patient with SCA type 6 and another with SCA type 31 participated in this study. TMS over the right primary motor cortex was used to induce motor-evoked potentials in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle, which were detected using electromyography. Conditioning TMS using interstimulus intervals of 1-8 ms was performed over the right cerebellum as a test to measure cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI). To assess the H-reflex and the M-wave recruitment curve of the right soleus muscle, we performed electrical stimulation of the right tibial nerve. The stimulation intensity was set to that at the center of the H-reflex curve of the ascending limb. To measure CSpF, we delivered TMS over the right cerebellum 100, 110, 120, and 130 ms before the right tibial nerve stimulation. Voxel-based morphometry was used to verify the presence of atrophy in the cerebellar gray matter and dentate nucleus. CBI was absent in both cases. However, a significant facilitation of the H-reflex occurred with an interstimulus interval of 120 ms in both cases. These findings indicate that the pathways associated with the induction of CSpF and CBI are different, and that the cerebellar gray matter and dentate nucleus are not needed for the induction of CSpF. The possible origin of CSpF may be examined by stimulation of other cerebellar deep nuclei or the brainstem.
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- 2018
4. Deep Modeling of the Evolution of User Preferences and Item Attributes in Dynamic Social Networks
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Yi Tu, Masato Odagaki, Zhenglu Yang, Peizhi Wu, and Adam Jatowt
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Basis (linear algebra) ,Social network ,business.industry ,Computer science ,User modeling ,02 engineering and technology ,Recommender system ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
Modeling the evolution of user preferences and item attributes in a dynamic social network is important because it is the basis for many applications, including recommendation systems and user behavior analysis. This study introduces a comprehensive general neural framework with several optimal strategies to jointly model the evolution of user preferences and item attributes in dynamic social networks. Preliminary experimental results conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model performs better than the state-of-the-art methods.
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- 2018
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5. sEMG-based hand motion recognition system using RMSR and AR model
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Feng Duan, Xina Ren, Masato Odagaki, and Yewguan Soo
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Engineering ,business.industry ,0206 medical engineering ,Feature extraction ,02 engineering and technology ,Linear discriminant analysis ,Residual ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Root mean square ,Autoregressive model ,Frequency domain ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Recognition system ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Time domain ,business - Abstract
Surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals have been used to control multifunctional prosthetic hands. Researchers usually focused on the use of several channels with sEMG signals to identify more hand motions without limiting the number of sEMG sensors. However, the residual muscles of an amputee are limited. Therefore, the point of a successful recognition system is to decrease the channels of sEMG signals to classify more hand motions. To achieve this goal, we proposed a hand motion recognition system, in which three channels of sEMG signals can classify nine hand motions. In this recognition system, the time domain features, root mean square ratio (RMSR) and autoregressive (AR) model, were selected to extract the features of the sEMG signals as compared with the time-frequency domain features. Furthermore, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was adopted as the classifier. Consequently, the average accuracy rate of the presented system was 91.46%. Therefore, the proposed algorithms in this paper can be reasonably feasible for prosthetic hands.
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- 2017
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6. Variation Autoencoder Based Network Representation Learning for Classification
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Masato Odagaki, Zhenglu Yang, Haozheng Wang, and Hang Li
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Computer science ,business.industry ,Network representation learning ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Autoencoder ,Variation (linguistics) ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Published
- 2017
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7. Effective Strategies on Representing Information Networks
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Jinmao Wei, Haozheng Wang, Zhenglu Yang, Masato Odagaki, and Hang Li
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Dynamic network analysis ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Node (networking) ,Social network analysis (criminology) ,02 engineering and technology ,Organizational network analysis ,Recommender system ,computer.software_genre ,Machine learning ,Network simulation ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Data mining ,business ,Representation (mathematics) ,Feature learning ,computer ,Social network analysis - Abstract
Network representation is the basis of many applications and of extensive interest in various fields such as information retrieval, social network analysis, and recommendation systems. Majority of previous methods on network representation only considered incomplete aspects of the problem, such as link structure, node information, or partial integration. The present paper proposes a comprehensive network representation model, which seamlessly integrates the text information, node label, and first-order and second-order proximity of a network. The effectiveness of the introduced strategies is experimentally evaluated. Results demonstrate that our method is better than state-of-the-art techniques.
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- 2017
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8. P3-2-05. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the cerebellum facilitates excitability of spinal reflex in spinocerebellar ataxia
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Masato Odagaki, Kenta Kaneko, Yutaka Kikuchi, Akiyoshi Matsugi, and Yuta Seko
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Cerebellum ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Deep cerebellar nuclei ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,Spinal Facilitation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Atrophy ,Dentate nucleus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Physiology (medical) ,Cerebellar cortex ,medicine ,Spinocerebellar ataxia ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
We reported that cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) facilitates spinal reflex in healthy humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the “cerebellar” spinal facilitation (CSpF) appears in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) with atrophy in the cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus (DN). Two patients with SCA (one was SCA6 and the other was SCA31), participated in this study. Cerebellar inhibition (CBI) was tested using paired-TMS-paradigm with interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 1–8 ms in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. To measure CSpF, we delivered TMS over the right cerebellum 100–130 ms before right tibial nerve stimulation, and CSpF was calculated with obtained conditioned/unconditioned H-reflex amplitude in the right soleus muscle. Voxel-based morphometry was used to verify the atrophy in cerebellar cortex and the DN. The results showed absence of CBI, but there was a significant facilitation of the H-reflex which occurred in the 120 ms ISI in both patients. These findings indicate that the pathways associated with the induction of CSpF and CBI are different, and that the cerebellar cortex and the DN are not required for inducing CSpF. Possible generator of CSpF could be other deep cerebellar nuclei or the brain stem.
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- 2018
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9. Automatic motion tracking and data analysis system for a rat
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Feng Duan, Mingwei Sun, Wenjuan Wang, Tianming Liu, Masato Odagaki, Wennan Chang, Jingtao Guan, and Zhiwen Zhang
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0301 basic medicine ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Robotics ,Tracking system ,Tracking (particle physics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Data acquisition ,Match moving ,Robot ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,MATLAB ,business ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
The behavior analysis of animal has a key role in biology and robotics. In this paper, we choose the rat as analysis object. For understanding and grasping the behavior of rat, we set up an automatic motion tracking and data analysis system for a rat. This system includes three subsystems: inertial data acquisition, image tracking and real-time data analysis. The inertial subsystem uses one CC2530 development board and one small modular development board which integrates MPU6050 and electrical stimulator, and the inertial data collected by MPU6050 and the controls parameter sent by experimenter communicate by Zig-Bee wireless transmission module to realize the two-way transmission. The image tracking subsystem recognizes and tracks the rat by the camera. Besides, the inertial data and image tracking are time-synchronized. Finally, we program a data analysis interface by Matlab to conduct real-time data analysis. According to the tests, the automatic motion tracking and data analysis system can recognize the rat with a successful rate of 97%, combined with the inertial data. At the same time, we can conduct the real-time data analysis to simulate the attitude of the rat in the interface.
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- 2016
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10. A novel upper limb training system based on UR5 using sEMG and IMU sensors
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Shili Sheng, Feng Duan, Wennan Chang, Yewguan Soo, Zhenqiang Liu, Che Fai Yeong, Masato Odagaki, and Liang Li
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0301 basic medicine ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Robot kinematics ,Engineering ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,STM32 ,02 engineering and technology ,Electromyography ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Data acquisition ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forearm ,Inertial measurement unit ,medicine ,Quaternion ,business ,Robotic arm ,Simulation - Abstract
This paper intends to design a system which acquires the trainer's motion and force information in order to manipulate a robot arm applied for rehabilitations. Patients who suffering physical disability also can receive the professorial guiding and cheirapsis even excellent trainers are very busy and insufficient. The key point of this article is data acquisition and reconstruction of the movement of the upper limb by controlling the UR5 robot arm. Upper limb's postures are sensed by Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and transferred to STM32 microcontroller using I2C communication protocol. We employed the STM32 microcontroller to calculate attitude angles of both the upper arm and the forearm. And the method with using quaternions to calculate attitude angles is detailedly expounded in this paper. Besides, we employed the MYO armband to acquire upper limb's surface electromyography (sEMG) signals for estimating the muscle force of the upper limb. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, we make three experiments including analyzing fluctuation range of the attitude angles from IMU signals, classifying muscle force using sEMG signals, and evaluating the effect of motion reconstruction. And the results show that the fluctuation range of acquired data are less than 1 degree, 4 typical motions of upper limb can be reconstructed. The proposed system can be used to reconstruct some upper limb's movement.
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- 2016
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11. Identification of Stimulated Sites Using Artificial Neural Networks Based on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Elicited Motor Evoked Potentials and Finger Forces
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Masato Odagaki, Hiroshi Fukuda, and Osamu Hiwaki
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Physics ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Index finger ,Nerve excitation ,body regions ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,Motor cortex - Abstract
Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) vary in their amplitude from trial to trial. To investigate the functions of motor cortex by TMS, it is necessary to confirm the causal relationship between stimulated sites and variable MEPs. We created artificial neural networks to classify sets of variable MEP signals and finger forces into the corresponding stimulated sites. We conducted TMS at three different positions over M1 and measured MEPs of hand and forearm muscles and forces of the index finger in four subjects. We estimated the sites within motor cortex stimulated by TMS based on cortical columnar structure and nerve excitation properties. Finally, we tried to classify the various MEPs and finger forces into three groups using artificial neural networks. MEPs and finger forces varied from trial to trial, even if the stimulating coil was fixed on the subject's head. Our proposed neural network was able to identify the MEPs and finger forces with the corresponding stimulated sites in M1. We proposed the artificial neural networks to confirm the TMS-stimulated sites using various MEPs and evoked finger forces.
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- 2010
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12. Influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation on muscle activity during finger movement
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Masato Odagaki, Osamu Hiwaki, and Hiroshi Fukuda
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Hand muscles ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,body regions ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Finger movement ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Finger tapping ,Medicine ,Silent period ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Muscle activity ,Primary motor cortex ,business - Abstract
In the present study, muscle activity was measured after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the primary motor cortex during finger tapping. The duration of finger tapping was increased by the application of TMS. A remarkable change in electromyogram (EMG) of hand muscles was also observed during and after finger tapping. The silent period, in which voluntary EMG during the finger tapping was suppressed by TMS, was observed. Integral EMG revealed that TMS increased muscle activity at the completion of the finger tap after silent period. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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- 2009
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13. Modification of Motor Evoked Potentials Caused by Electrical Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Atsushi Kodabashi, Masato Odagaki, Hiroshi Fukuda, Osamu Hiwaki, and T. Fujimoto
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genetic structures ,business.industry ,Efferent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Motor control ,Sensory system ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Somatosensory system ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Somatosensory evoked potential ,medicine ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Neuroscience ,Motor cortex - Abstract
Somatosensory cortex receives afferent inputs from skeletal muscles and joints while a voluntary movement is conducted. Although this sensory feedback may regulate the efferent motor control signals generated in the motor cortex, the relationship between the afferent sensory signals and the efferent motor signals is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the afferent signals elicited by an electrical stimulus of a peripheral nerve and the efferent signals produced by a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. The changes of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by TMS following an electrical stimulus of a median nerve were observed. The results showed that the MEPs were significantly attenuated when the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the electrical stimulus and the TMS was 20 ms, and that the MEPs were significantly enhanced when the ISI was longer than 35 ms. Furthermore, the brain condition which affected the MEPs was evaluated with the somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) measured with magneto-encephalography (MEG). It was suggested that the activation and direction of the current dipole in the primary somatosensory cortex was related to the effect of the afferent signals on the motor function.
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- 2008
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14. Comparison between Electric and Magnetic Stimulation Current Distributions for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
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Masato Odagaki, K. Suga, T. Sasaki, H. Hosaka, and K. Yunokuchi
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Female abdomen ,business.industry ,Stimulation ,Urinary incontinence ,equipment and supplies ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Living body ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Tissue conductivity ,Medicine ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,medicine.symptom ,Current (fluid) ,business ,human activities ,Instrumentation ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
It is reported that magnetic stimulation is efficacious in treating urinary incontinence. Magnetic stimulation has two main advantages over electrical stimulation: it can be applied without removal of clothes, and it involves little pain. However, the distribution of current in the living body is not clearly known. We therefore attempted to create a computer simulation model of the female abdomen and to simulate the distribution of induced current on the basis of tissue conductivity. This report compares electrical with magnetic stimulation.
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- 2003
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15. Touch interface for sensing fingertip force in mobile device using electromyogram
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Masato Odagaki, Toshiyuki Taura, and Tetsumi Harakawa
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Engineering ,Amplifiers, Electronic ,Electromyography ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI) ,business.industry ,Interface (computing) ,Force sensor ,Fingers ,Touch ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Electrodes ,Mobile device ,Software ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a three-dimensional touch interface for mobile devices, specifically a touch interface for detecting fingertip force. This interface consists of a conventional touch interface and an electromyogram (EMG) amplifier. The fingertip force during manipulation of the touch interface is estimated from the EMG measurement. We develop a method for obtaining fingertip force information using an EMG, while the two-dimensional position of the finger is measured using the conventional touch interface found in mobile devices. Further, we evaluate the validity of our newly developed interface by comparing the fingertip force estimated using our proposed method with the fingertip force measured using a force sensor. Lastly, we develop an application using our interface.
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- 2013
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16. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on voluntary thumb movement
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Hiroshi Fukuda, Masato Odagaki, and Osamu Hiwaki
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medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomechanics ,Electromyography ,Neurophysiology ,Thumb ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,body regions ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Forearm ,medicine ,Primary motor cortex ,Muscle activity ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
In this study, the effect of the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the continuous voluntary movement of the finger was investigated. We measured the trajectory of the thumb tip and electromyogram (EMG) of the hand and forearm muscles after the TMS of the primary motor cortex area (M1) during continuous voluntary rotation of the thumb. The results showed that the velocity of the thumb tip was accelerated right after the TMS followed by the deceleration. It was indicated that enhance and suppression of the muscle activity by the TMS resulted in the change of the finger velocity in the voluntary movement.
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- 2009
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17. Current Distributions Inside 3D Abdomen Models as Obtained by Electrical and Magnetic Stimulations for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
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Masato Odagaki, Y. Uomori, and H. Hosaka
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Female abdomen ,business.industry ,Urinary incontinence ,Stimulation ,Biomagnetism ,Living body ,Surgery ,Tissue conductivity ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Abdomen ,medicine.symptom ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been reported to have good efficacy in treating urinary incontinence. Recently, magnetic stimulation was also reported to be effective for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The current distributions in the living body induced by these stimulation methods have not yet been shown. Therefore, we attempted to develop computer and experimental models of the female abdomen and to simulate the distribution of induced current based on the tissue conductivity. The present paper describes the developed experimental and computer models of the female abdomen and presents an analysis of the distributions of the respective induced currents. Finally, the authors compared the current distributions in the body produced by the electrical and magnetic stimulation methods in order to determine which method of stimulation is more efficient for the treatment of urinary incontinence.
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- 2007
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18. Application of wavelet analysis to the plethysmogram for the evaluation of mental stress
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Y. Kageyama, T. Sasaki, Masato Odagaki, K. Yashima, and Hidehiro Hosaka
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Speech recognition ,Less invasive ,Wavelet transform ,Audiology ,Wavelet ,Mental stress ,Photoplethysmogram ,Heart rate variability ,Medicine ,Plethysmograph ,business ,ECG Measurement - Abstract
The present study proposes a new stress evaluation technique using the photoplethysmogram (PTG). Heart rate variability (HRV) is often used to evaluate mental stress. HRV can be measured from an electrocardiogram (ECG). The frequency variability of HRV and mental stress response are related. PTG also indicates changes in emotional response. PTG can easily be measured without body surface electrodes. This method is less invasive than ECG measurement. We attempt herein to evaluate mental stress by wavelet analysis of the PTG. PTG was measured in the resting and mental stress states, and wavelet transformed PTGs were compared. In nine out of ten subjects, the wavelet result for PTG revealed a decrease in the frequency band.
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- 2007
19. Comparison of current distributions between electric and magnetic stimulation for treatment of urinary incontinence using a computer model
- Author
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Hidehiro Hosaka, D. Cohen, K. Suga, Masato Odagaki, and T. Sasaki
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Female abdomen ,Current distribution ,business.industry ,Stimulation ,Urinary incontinence ,equipment and supplies ,Biomagnetism ,Living body ,Tissue conductivity ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Current (fluid) ,business ,human activities ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Summary form only given. It is reported that magnetic stimulation has good efficacy in treating urinary incontinence. Magnetic stimulation has two main advantages over electrical stimulation: it can be applied without removal of clothes, and it involves little pain. However, the distribution of current in the living body is not clearly known. We therefore attempted to make a computer simulation model of the female abdomen, and to simulate the distribution of induced current on the basis of the tissue conductivity. This report compares electrical with magnetic stimulation, and finally considers which method of stimulation is the more efficient.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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20. Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on force of finger pinch
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Masato Odagaki, Osamu Hiwaki, and Hiroshi Fukuda
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genetic structures ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Efferent ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Motor control ,Electromyography ,Index finger ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,body regions ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,medicine ,Silent period ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Motor cortex - Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to explore many aspects of brain function, and to treat neurological disorders. Cortical motor neuronal activation by TMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) produces efferent signals that pass through the corticospinal tracts. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) are observed in muscles innervated by the stimulated motor cortex. TMS can cause a silent period (SP) following MEP in voluntary electromyography (EMG). The present study examined the effects of TMS eliciting MEP and SP on the force of pinching using two fingers. Subjects pinched a wooden block with the thumb and index finger. TMS was applied to M1 during the pinch task. EMG of first dorsal interosseous muscles and pinch forces were measured. Force output increased after the TMS, and then oscillated. The results indicated that the motor control system to keep isotonic forces of the muscles participated in the finger pinch was disrupted by the TMS.
- Published
- 2009
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21. Change of continuous voluntary finger movement caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex
- Author
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Osamu Hiwaki, Hiroshi Fukuda, and Masato Odagaki
- Subjects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Finger movement ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,Transcranial alternating current stimulation - Published
- 2009
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