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After 10 years of the policy of quotas at federal universities, the literature still lacks research on the inclusion of quota and non-quota graduates in the labor market. Faced with this problem, the aim of the article was to compare the gains in the labor market between quota holders and non-quota holders from undergraduate courses at Brazilian federal universities. For that, we applied an electronic questionnaire, which was answered by a significant sample of 11,458 graduates, from 248 undergraduate courses, from all areas of knowledge, from 18 federal universities and from the five regions of Brazil. Using the Chi-Square Test, we compared occupation status, the reason for not working, industry, type of position/job, remuneration, size of company/organization and occupation of leadership or management positions among graduates. The results suggest that quota holders graduates have high occupation rates, with a good insertion in the labor market, working in positions/jobs said to be more qualified, in large companies/organizations and receiving good remuneration. However, the results suggest that, in general, the occupational and salary earnings of quota holder graduates are still lower than those of non-quota holder graduates. Therefore, our results suggest that the quota policy of federal universities is an important tool for the socioeconomic inclusion of quota students, justifying its existence, but that it, by itself, still does not completely eliminate the strong social inequality among Brazilian families, which seems to affect differently the earnings of professionals in the labor market.

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced a significant increase in its application in the educational field worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the acceptance of AI and its effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of international trade university students in Peru and Ecuador. With a quantitative approach and a non-experimental applied design, an online survey was administered to international trade students from Peru and Ecuador. Amos version 24 software was used to obtain model fit indices and perform gender-based invariance tests. Additionally, SmartPLS statistical software, based on the partial least squares (PLS) technique, was employed to test the hypotheses of the structural equation model (SEM). The measurement model presented acceptable fit indices. When calculating invariance, the configural, metric, and scalar models were satisfactory, although the residual model was not confirmed. It was found that hedonic motivation, habit, and performance expectations influenced international trade students’ intention to use AI. Likewise, it was discovered that the intention to use AI tools has an effect on entrepreneurial intention. Gender and age did not moderate the effect of AI usage intention on entrepreneurial intention. The study provides empirical evidence on the acceptance of AI and its influence on students’ entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable information for educators, policymakers, and technology developers in the educational field.

In recent years, Supply Chain Integration (SCI) has gained attention in academic and empirical research. However, SCI has little consensus on conceptualizations, definitions, and dimensions. This research aims to analyze how quality management and knowledge management contribute to integrating the supply chain and participate in solving some of this misleading analysis of the aerospace industry in Queretaro, Mexico. To evaluate the influence of the variables, the structural equation modeling was used using the partial least squares approach (SEM-PLS). A census was made of the 48 firms in the aerospace industry through an interview with the firm’s executives. The model results show that knowledge management positively and significantly influences supply chain integration. Information and knowledge acquisition, both internally and externally, are essential for firms to improve their performance. Firms also must develop quality management systems that involve all the participants to integrate into global supply chains.

Purpose – This study’s goal was to identify how several markets have developed over time and what determinants have influenced this process, based on adaptive markets hypothesis (AMH). In this regard, the authors consider that agents are driven by the seeking for abnormal returns to stay “alive” and their environment could somehow modify their decision-making processes, as well as influence the degree of efficiency of the market. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected the daily closing-of-the-market index from 50 countries, between 1990 and 2022. The sample includes emerging countries, developed countries and frontier markets. Then, the authors ran multilevel modeling using Hurst exponent as an informational efficiency metric estimated by two different moving windows: 500 and 1,250 observations (approximately 2 and 5 years). Findings – The results indicate that the efficiency of the markets is not constant over time. The authors also have identified that markets follow a cyclical pattern of efficiency/inefficiency, and they are currently in a period of convergence to efficiency, possibly explained by the increase in computational capacity and speed of the available information to agents. In addition, this study identified that country characteristics are associated with market efficiency, considering institutional factors. Originality/value – Studies of this nature contribute to the literature, considering the importance of better comprehension of market efficiency dynamics and their determinants, specially observing other theories on the relationship between information and markets (like AMH), which work with other investor assumptions than those used by efficient market hypothesis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming much of society in a short time. Regardless of whether we know it, we interact with AI systems when we seek information online, shop, work, and engage with social media. AI has massive potential to promote human wellbeing but also poses considerable risks, as set out in an open letter signed by leaders in the field, such as Geoffrey Hinton, the “Godfather of AI”. This paper examines how AI can be used as a powerful tool to change pro-social behaviors as part of social marketing programs. We examine opportunities to build on existing efforts to use AI for pro-social behavior changes and the challenges and potential risks that AI may pose. The specific aims of the paper are to explore how AI can be used in social marketing policy, strategy development, and operational delivery. We also explore what this means for future social marketing practice. We present an overview of case studies from the social marketing field and the application of AI in the past, present, and future. We examine the following key question: can these new technologies can be used to promote social good, and if so, how? Through examples from policy, strategy development, operations, and research in social marketing, we examine how AI has been used and successfully applied to improve consumer outcomes and analyze its implications for social marketing. We conclude that AI has substantial promise but also poses some challenges and has potential negative impacts on efforts to promote pro-social behavior changes. Used well, AI may enable social marketers to more rapidly assess how to modify programs of action to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness. We suggest future research and programs within this field.

Open innovation benefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangible applications for the benefit of society. Improving research quality has been proposed as a primary objective of open science by the United Nations, to increase science reproducibility, impact, and trust, leading to robust decision-making and policies. However, opening access to data and processes is insufficient for researchers to achieve open innovation in the context of globalization, for example, by gathering insights from external and internal sources. Developing the appropriate mindset to manage complexity and generate synergy among researchers in academia, industry, and the government is essential to catalyze knowledge and transform it into relevant innovations for society. To gain insights into the roles and challenges of researchers aiming to bridge the gap between open science and open innovation, a decade-plus Mapping Literature Review was conducted based on the complex thinking paradigm. Complex thinking allows for novel connections of the information collected through open science and open innovation, considering different forms of engaging with alternative means of knowledge creation that may promote innovative and critical thinking. The findings revealed: a) broad positioning of the terms in the European Union; b) open access and open data as current driving themes; c) a constant trade-off between the terms “open data” and “information protection”; d) lack of studies on researchers’ complex thinking to help them manage openness; e) absence of the environmental helix in the initiatives; and (f) challenges in innovative communication and collaborative practices among public and private entities. Overall, we identified an opportunity to develop researchers’ complex thinking such that the openness of information becomes a shared responsibility among partners across multiple helices. This shared responsibility can have methodological implications that permeate how open science and open innovation are theorized and, in practice, facilitate the development of fundamental collaborative research procedures.

EDITORIAL: Introduction to the Special Issue based on papers presented at the Business Model Conference 2023

In recent years, the concept of the metaverse has evolved significantly, with the aim of defining richer immersive and interactive environments that can support various types of virtual experiences and interactions among users. This evolution has given rise to several metaverse platforms that utilize blockchain technology and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to establish ownership of metaverse elements and attach features and information to them. This article seeks to delve into the complexity and heterogeneity of the data involved in these metaverse platforms and highlight some of the dynamics and features that make them unique. Additionally, the paper introduces a metaverse analysis tool developed by the authors, which leverages machine learning techniques to collect and analyze daily data, including blockchain transactions, platform-specific metadata, and social media trends. The experimental results of our approach are presented with a use-case scenario focused on the trading of digital parcels, commonly referred to as metaverse real estate. This scenario allows us to demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool and showcase the potential of using machine learning techniques to analyze and gain insights into the metaverse ecosystem.

ABSTRACTDesign for Disassembly (DfD) and Augmented Reality (AR) have become promising approaches to improve sustainability, by providing efficient delivery and learning assets. This study combines DfD and AR to deliver a method that helps to streamline maintenance processes and operator training. It focuses on a common part in the process industry that requires frequent maintenance and repair. DfD was applied to the pump’s design to ease disassembly and reduce material waste, energy consumption, and maintenance time. AR was used to provide an interactive guide to improve the operator understanding of its internal parts and assembly/disassembly procedures. The resulting DfD-AR led to a reduction in maintenance time and shows potential to deliver better training. This highlights the potential of DfD and AR to enhance sustainability, learning, and productivity. The resulting disassembly sequence was taken to an AR simulation, helping process designers to better understand the procedure and further optimize the solution with other constraints.

Objetivo: Averiguar se os estilos de aprendizagem dos alunos impactam no conhecimento adquirido levando em consideração a aplicação de técnicas de ensino em sala de aula, buscando, especificamente, saber se os sujeitos estudados aprendem no decorrer da aplicação da técnica. Metodologia: Um quase-experimento em uma turma do curso de graduação de uma Universidade Federal, com abordagem quantitativa por meio da Análise de modelos generalizados mistos. Resultados: Constatou-se que os estilos de aprendizagem não interferem na aprendizagem dos alunos, nas técnicas método de caso e PBL. Porém, na técnica Role-Play foi constatado que os estilos de aprendizagem interferiram na aprendizagem dos alunos. Deve-se observar que a predominância foi do estilo Assimilador, seguido do Convergente e após Acomodador. Os alunos pertencentes ao estilo acomodador possuíram um rendimento melhor se comparado aos outros alunos dos outros estilos. Contribuições do Estudo: Observou-se que as técnicas de ensino podem contribuir com o conhecimento, e que especialmente, técnicas mais lúdicas como o Role-Play são favoráveis, mas dependem das características de aprendizagem de cada indivíduo. Dessa forma, o presente estudo contribui para o conhecimento no aspecto de indicar que o uso de técnicas de ensino, pode produzir resultados satisfatórios, desde que percebido o estilo de aprendizagem de cada aluno.

Abstract The socio-political complexity and consequent transactional and institutional costs of infrastructure projects are magnified in the Brazilian Amazon, a rich-resource region with social and environmental fragilities, thus posing challenges for project management. One of the main drivers of the Brazilian development strategy is infrastructure projects. However, these projects struggle to meet results in terms of local development, overloading social services, changing livelihoods, violating human rights, and exacerbating social vulnerabilities, environmental degradation, and deforestation. Despite greater scrutiny in environmental licensing, the process remains insufficient to mitigate impacts, and social participation is limited. The decision-making process remains technocratic and isolated from civil society, ignoring its inherently political character. Territorially blind and socially deaf projects lead to contestations by civil society and poor anticipation of demands, making territories mere receptacles of investments. Consequences for project management include delays, processes in courts, reputational damages, and missed opportunities for sustainable territorial development. Through semi-structured interviews and documental analysis of the case study of the Belo Monte Hydropower Plant, we investigate how a territorial approach to infrastructure governance can affect project management. Analysis shows that territories are actively influencing and influenced by infrastructure delivery, which corroborates the idea that contextual specificities to infrastructure delivery require specific ways of planning and managing projects. Adopting a context-specific territorial approach could anticipate some of the challenges and complexities of infrastructure management in developing and emerging economies. Also, results oriented toward development goals, such as the SDGs, can be more efficient both for territories and project delivery.

Purpose – This paper conceptualised the distinctive capabilities system and tested its relationship between small and medium enterprise (SME) non-financial and financial performance, encompassing leadership and learning orientation as mediators, moderators and moderators’ mediators. Design/methodology/approach – The research design is exploratory, quantitative and cross-sectional. The study employed partial least squares path modelling for testing the direct, mediation and moderation effects, and, for testing moderated mediation, the author adopted PROCESS analysis. Before testing the hypotheses, a confirmatory factor analysis procedure was applied to the measurement model validity test. Findings – Our empirical findings confirm that (1) learning orientation has a positive and significant implication as a moderator between the distinctive capabilities system and SME performance; (2) the distinctive capabilities system has a significant relationship with leadership and learning orientation, and leadership has a significant relationship with learning orientation and (3) the distinctive capabilities system has no direct impact on performance. These findings suggest that, by nature, the distinctive capabilities system has an indirect impact on SME performance, which must be understood as a consequence of living “far-from-equilibrium” and being forced to learn and adapt to come up with better market configurations. Originality/value – This study intends to contribute to the existing literature in three ways: (1) it proposes the distinctive capabilities system definition; (2) it highlights the system’s features and benefits that make it a core construct for SMEs surviving and thriving and (3) it shows the causal relationship between the leadership capability and learning orientation and the distinctive capabilities system and performance.

Pesquisas sobre os retornos da qualificação docente são ainda escassas na literatura brasileira, especialmente em se tratando dos resultados que alunos obtêm em testes padronizados, como o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem). Diante desse problema, o objetivo do artigo foi analisar a influência da qualificação docente sobre o desempenho discente no Enem. Para tanto, utilizamos o método de Regressão Linear Múltipla (RLM) com uma amostra das notas médias da prova objetiva no Enem por Escola 2019 de 385 campi de Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (Ifets) e de Centros Federais de Educação Tecnológica (Cefets) de todo o país. Os resultados sugerem que a qualificação docente tem influência positiva sobre o desempenho discente no Enem. Descobrimos que quanto maior é a titulação do corpo docente de uma escola, melhor é o desempenho dos seus alunos no Enem. Concluímos que é positivo o investimento que o Governo Federal realiza através das políticas de capacitação e remuneração docente nos Ifets/Cefets, uma vez que o retorno se materializa em boas notas dos alunos no Enem.

The Business Model Conference 2022, held at the University of Lille in early June, provided members of the academic community with an excellent opportunity to discuss the latest research, innovative teaching methods, and best practices in business model research.

O estudo objetiva identificar a influência da gestão (formal e informal) da ética no conhecimento e intenção para compliance de colaboradores de refinarias de petróleo que possuem programas de compliance. O teste de hipóteses foi realizado por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais e análise qualitativa comparativa fuzzy-set, a partir de uma amostra de funcionários de refinarias de petróleo brasileiras que possuem programas de compliance. Por um lado, os achados revelam que a combinação da gestão formal e informal da ética fomenta o conhecimento de compliance, resultando em maior intenção para compliance. Singularmente, a gestão formal (informal) da ética é mais eficaz para promover o conhecimento (a intenção) de compliance. Por outro lado, são dois os caminhos para os funcionários apresentarem alta intenção para compliance: a presença de combinação de gestão formal e informal da ética ou a presença de conhecimento de compliance.

La contabilidad cultural asume el patrimonio cultural tangible o intangible como objeto de estudio, información y control contable. Se analizó la contribución de la contabilidad cultural en la preservación del patrimonio cultural intangible. Se empleó el análisis documental, el criterio de expertos, la entrevista y la encuesta como métodos científicos. La investigación aporta la visión social de la contabilidad, estableciendo la relación entre esta y la cultura a través del estudio del patrimonio cultural como objeto común de investigación. Por último, se muestran indicadores de eficiencia y eficacia asociados a un sistema de información contable que van más allá de los fines económicos y de la maximización de utilidades al incluir los aspectos sociales.

Faced with economic crisis and stagnation, the Brazilian government, in the fiscal realm, has been characterized by the adoption of exemption tax policies. In this scenario, the present study aimed to investigate the behavior of some dimensions of industrial activity, having as its central focus the effect that the Tax on Industrialized Products exemptions has on the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities. The empirical strategy employed used statistical models in panel data and quantile regression, taking the period between 2007 and 2017. The main results indicated that, even with the positive behavior of industrial activity, especially between 2009 and 2013, the exemptions did not contribute to the economic growth of Brazilian municipalities.

Abstract A banking system is functional when it expands the potential to provide more liquidity to the economy, especially for development finance. The advances of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can contribute to increasing banks’ potential to offer more products and services, expanding their capacity to be more functional. Diversifying financial instruments can encourage them to operate with more profitable operations in the short term to the detriment of the supply of credit in the long term, decreasing their ability to be more functional. This article aims to analyze the relationship between ICT and the functionality of Brazilian banks between 1995 and 2016. We created an index of functionality. The Panel Data estimation verified an ambiguous impact of ICT on banks’ functionality. The use of electronic devices and services for software-driven data processing and transmission has had a positive effect on this index. However, the influence of ICT on functionality was to enhance the negative effects of financial innovations on the supply of credit by banks because of the agents” incentives to invest in short-term and more liquid assets, vis à vis of financing long-term investments, harming the capacity for financing Brazilian development.

Abstract This paper investigates the causes of generational differences at work and their impact on the propensity to trust. We treated propensity to trust as a proxy for social capital, enhancing cooperation and efficiency. We assessed trust variations in a sample of five companies using combined qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate possible differences in the levels of trust among generational cohorts. We conducted 36 in depth-interviews and 24 focus groups and collected 894 valid questionnaires. The qualitative analysis suggests that differences among generations are related to the experience of time and time-flow and uncertainty and vulnerability throughout one’s lifetime. The results confirm that perceived vulnerability negatively affects the predisposition to trust.

Airlines must constantly evaluate the costs and efficiency of their operational performance indicators to establish a competitive business market strategy. This study aims to investigate the relevance of some performance indicators of airline´s management and operational efficiency. With the use of a panel data regression for the four largest private Brazilian airlines - Avianca, Azul, Gol, and Latam, from 2009 to 2017, the results show that operational efficiency is achieved when there is a greater offer of routes and flight frequency to meet passenger demand, generating higher revenue passenger kilometer (RPK). On the other hand, shorter stage length and reduced takeoff numbers affect inversely proportional the operating efficiency as a function of fuel consumption and energy capacity. Through the analysis of these performance indicators, it is possible to determine strategies that support decision making to increase the operational efficiency of airlines.

The role that the Business Model (BM) concept and BM-related tools may play during times of crisis have been insufficiently investigated. This paper presents a process aimed at supporting companies in building resilient and original BMs through continuous innovation based on the existing BM literature. The present study highlights the role that BM tools may play during crisis situations, providing managers and entrepreneurs with an alert system (i.e., BM measurements) capable of signaling when a change should be implemented; a “library” of potential changes (i.e., BM pivots) to be generated in the BM; and a portfolio of potential available options when considering how the BM should be changed (i.e., BM configurations). The paper additionally highlights how tools for BM mapping, control, and innovation can provide one another with information and can be connected in a way that allows companies to achieve a synergetic effect in the face of instability and uncertainty.

Esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar se a corrupção percebida, característica do ambiente institucional dos países, apresenta relação com a book-tax differences anomal (BTDA) das companhias abertas. A amostra contempla 170.543 observações, pertencentes a 99 países no período de 2012 a 2018, que foram analisadas por meio de modelagem multinível. A hipótese de pesquisa, que aborda a associação positiva entre a BTDA e a corrupção percebida dos países, não foi rejeitada para a amostra total e para o grupo de países adotantes das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Isso sugere que para o grupo de adotantes das IFRS, a maior flexibilidade resultante da internacionalização das normas é utilizada oportunisticamente pelos gestores, que possivelmente são influenciados pela baixa qualidade do ambiente institucional em termos de corrupção. Os achados corroboram a premissa de que a baixa qualidade dos lucros das companhias está associada a maior corrupção percebida dos países. A pesquisa contribui com a literatura por trazer novas perspectivas sobre como o ambiente de negócios é afetado pelas características dos países, considerando a utilização da modelagem multinível, técnica mais acurada para amostras com estruturas agrupadas.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da inovação organizacional e tecnológica no crescimento de pessoal ocupado assalariado das empresas brasileiras, um dos indicadores utilizados para medir desempenho organizacional. Assim comparou-se o crescimento de pessoal ocupado assalariado das empresas que combinam inovação organizacional e tecnológica com o das empresas que desenvolvem apenas inovação tecnológica. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, com a realização de testes qui-quadrados, com finalidade explicativa e classificada como documental. A coleta de dados utilizou dados da PINTEC e do CEMPRE. A amostra foi composta por 3.348 empresas brasileiras. Destas, 2.864 são empresas normais, em termos de crescimento de pessoal ocupado assalariado (85,54%), 452 são empresas de alto crescimento (13,50%) e 32 são empresas gazelas (0,96%). Os resultados indicam que a probabilidade de uma empresa normal passar para a categoria alto crescimento aumenta quando estão presentes as seguintes iniciativas em termos de inovação: (i) ênfase em inovação em produto de baixo grau de novidade; (ii) ênfase em utilização principalmente de outras empresas ou institutos para desenvolver inovação de produto; (iii) ênfase em inovação de processo de alto grau de novidade; (iv) ênfase em utilização principalmente de outras empresas ou institutos para desenvolver inovação de processo; (v) ênfase em inovação organizacional do tipo novos métodos de organização de trabalho; e (vi) ênfase em inovação organizacional tipo mudanças significativas nas relações com outras empresas ou instituições públicas e sem fins lucrativos. Estas iniciativas podem ser vistas como as contribuições gerenciais desta pesquisa.

This article analyzes the differences between public and private health services regarding infrastructure and human resources at the state (subnational) and macro-regional levels in Brazil. The research collected monthly data on inpatient beds and the number of nurses, physiotherapists, and doctors from Brazilian states for 2020. Indicators were created following quarterly changes and comparing the actions of public and private healthcare entities. Variations were analyzed using temporal graphs based on means and standard deviation. The findings suggest: (1) exponential growth in health care infrastructure and human resources led by public sector investment in the second quarter, followed by a slowdown; (2) a more significant variation in the acceleration and deceleration of the public sector response in the North of Brazil and the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, and the Federal District; (3) the public sector was the primary response mechanism to the pandemic considering the variations throughout the year. The study concludes that the government was the leading actor in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil in 2020, pointing out that responses were uneven in the states.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os problemas associados à atuação dos laboratórios de inovação em governo (LIG) estabelecidos na América Latina e como são caracterizadas as soluções projetadas com base em suas iniciativas. Método: Com base em pesquisa documental, foram analisados 29 tipos de projetos realizados entre 2014 e 2019 por LIG latino-americanos: LABgobar (Argentina), GNova (Brasil) e Laboratorio de Gobierno (Chile). Principais Resultados: A atuação dessas organizações esteve associada a problemas diversificados, que revelaram enfoques próprios, bem como intervenções comuns. As soluções projetadas estiveram fundamentadas na criação de protótipos, na reunião de dados e evidências, no desenho de planos, na concepção de plataformas digitais, entre outras saídas. Estiveram também ligadas a seis necessidades principais: aprimorar processos, mudar estratégias, melhorar a atuação, atrair e atender usuários, apoiar a criação de soluções e contribuir para a cultura de inovação. Relevância / Originalidade: O recorte de análise considerou uma região ainda sub-representada pela literatura. Ao apresentar como enfoque o contexto que alicerça o estabelecimento desses arranjos, indo além de suas características organizacionais, amplia as evidências empíricas, consideradas ainda escassas, acerca de como tais iniciativas se encaixam como ferramental de estruturas governamentais. Contribuições Teóricas / Metodológicas: O artigo contribui para o conhecimento acerca da inovação no setor público, ampliando relatos anteriores de como governos têm sido instados a se adaptarem a novas exigências da sociedade e a promoverem novas práticas na gestão pública. Ademais, amplia a compreensão dos laboratórios de inovação, permitindo fornecer uma visão mais ampla do caso latino-americano.

The Business Model Conference 2021, held at Aalborg University’s Copenhagen campus in early October, provided the members of the academic community with a great opportunity to discuss the latest research, innovative teaching methods, and best practices in business models research. Following the cancellation of the Business Model Conference 2020 due to the COVID-19 crisis, the 2021 edition represented a new beginning and restored the familiar sense of community feeling experienced before the pandemic.

Educational tourism is a new branch of tourism, which has experienced a significant increase in recent times, due to the important benefits it brings to the local communities. Universities and other educational specialized institutions may highly contribute, support and encourage local development through educational tourism. Students who benefit from studying abroad can be considered as symbolic educational tourists, and their stay is considered to have a high potential to generate benefits. The host university may facilitate the development of better relationships between tourists and local communities in order to contribute to the development of the local economy in a sustainable and resilient way. Education tourism has to be taken into account by all educational institutions due to the different learning opportunities that might be better exploited. This paper focuses on some indicators considered to be relevant for educational tourism.

Manufacturing companies are facing different challenges. On the one hand, production is moving from mass-production to mass-customization and personalization. Reconfigurable-, adaptive- and evolving-factories are necessary to achieve the required flexibility. On the other hand, technology must be integrated with human skills to assist the operators in supervising and maintaining manufacturing plants with growing complexity. In line with the Industry 4.0 paradigm, a Digital Twin Demonstrator is proposed to support the supervision activity of the operator in the context of flexible manufacturing with robotics. The supervision is achieved through a Human-Computer-Machine Interaction (HCMI) enabled with the Digital Twin technology. The suggested demonstrator is implemented and validated using a lab case study where it is demonstrated how the proposed HCMI interaction enables ‘close-to-real-time’ supervision of the manufacturing system in its self-adaptation to production and environmental changes.

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar si la capacidad de adaptación es factor de competitividad en microempresas comerciales. El método utilizado consistió en la aplicación de una encuesta sobre una muestra de 350 empresas mexicanas. Los resultados indican que la capacidad de adaptación es factor de competitividad en un rango regular. Se concluye que las empresas estudiadas deben incrementar el uso de nuevas tecnologías y la planificación de la empresa para mejorar su competitividad.

Resumo Este estudo investigou as vantagens e desvantagens do teletrabalho na administração pública na percepção de 98 teletrabalhadores e 28 gestores do Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados (Serpro) e da Receita Federal. Trata-se de pesquisa qualiquantitativa, composta por questionários aplicados aos teletrabalhadores e entrevistas com os gestores, que abordou aspectos estruturais, físicos, pessoais, profissionais e psicológicos. Os resultados evidenciaram como vantagens: melhoria da qualidade de vida; maior equilíbrio na relação trabalho x família; maior produtividade; flexibilidade; criação de métricas; redução de custo; estresse; tempo de deslocamento; exposição à violência; e conhecimento da demanda de trabalho. Já as desvantagens foram: não adaptação; falta de comunicação; perda de vínculo com a empresa; problemas psicológicos; infraestrutura; e controle do teletrabalhador. Conclui-se que o teletrabalho necessita de um modelo de gestão que o torne mais aderente à esfera pública.

Este estudo analisa como as dimensões da orientação empreendedora (oe) relacionam-se com o desempenho nas cooperativas de crédito. Para tanto, abordam-se seis dimensões: inovatividade, assunção riscos, proatividade, autonomia, agressividade competitiva e rede de relações. Foi realizada um survey, com uma amostra de 67 cooperativas. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais, no software SmartPLS 3.0. Os achados evidenciam que, na oe, as dimensões “assunção de risco” e “agressividade competitiva” mantêm associação positiva e significativa com o desempenho. Apesar das especificidades das cooperativas de crédito, observa-se a pertinência de algumas das dimensões desse construto na gestão de tais instituições. O estudo contribui para a literatura ao explorar a multidimensionalidade do construto da oe, ao acrescentar uma dimensão com escassa discussão (rede de relações) e ao considerar um contexto singular (cooperativas de crédito).

Objetivo: apresentar os índices de eficiência financeira dos clubes brasileiros, os atores e as interações que se destacaram nos fluxos de jogadores com os clubes semifinalistas de São Paulo em 2017. Método: na primeira etapa, extraíram-se informações sobre fluxos de jogadores e, na segunda etapa, dados sobre a receita operacional, fornecedores, custo de atletas profissionalizados e atletas não profissionalizados nos clubes do Brasil. Principais resultados – os escores eficiência financeira forneceram evidências do nível máximo de uso de recursos de atletas profissionalizados e não profissinalizados na geração de receita operacional no Palmeiras e Atlético Mineiro. Em relação aos atores tem-se que os clubes Grêmio Osasco Audax e Cruzeiro Esporte Clube disponibilizaram mais jogadores para os clubes semifinalistas. Nos fluxos de jogadores entre clubes do Brasil e de outros países, destacaram-se as equipes da Itália e de Portugal. Relevância/originalidade: demonstrar os scores de eficiência máximo dos clubes no uso de recursos na geração de receita operacional, os atores de destaque e as interações nos fluxos de jogadores. Contribuições metodológicas:uso simultâneo de técnicas paramétricas e não paramétricas como a Regressão Linear Múltipla, a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) e a Análise de Redes sociais (ARS). Contribuições para a gestão: criação de indicadores de eficiência financeira como ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisões gerenciais em clubes de futebol.

Resumo A polícia constitui o principal mecanismo encontrado pelo Estado moderno para garantir a manutenção da lei e da ordem, tendo como prerrogativa a regulação das relações sociais mediante força física como ato legítimo e constitutivo de sua função. Desse modo, ao mesmo tempo que representa a autoridade para intervir quando necessário for, pode constituir um poderoso instrumento de violação de direitos dos cidadãos quando faz uso abusivo da força, em especial a letal. Este artigo apresenta uma análise descritiva das ocorrências de letalidade policial no Estado de São Paulo tendo por base a análise dos boletins de ocorrência dos casos de morte decorrente de intervenção policial. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo diante da redução expressiva dos homicídios dolosos, a letalidade da polícia cresceu substancialmente ao longo dos anos 2000, vitimando desproporcionalmente adolescentes e jovens, pretos e pardos. Concluímos que as polícias paulistas têm se excedido no uso da força letal e sugerimos o fortalecimento do controle interno das corporações para o enfrentamento do problema.]

El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar los cambios en el interés que tienen los alumnos a nivel licenciatura sobre la Ciencia en una IES respecto a los ciclos académicos. La muestra está compuesta por 370 casos. El cuestionario se compone por 17 preguntas clasificadas en las variables demográficos, conocimiento, interacción y formación, en escala tipo Likert de 1 a 10 puntos. Los resultados de la variable conocimiento muestran una media de 8.21 puntos en el tercer año escolar; Interacción muestra una media de 6.9 puntos en el quinto año, variable que muestra los resultados más bajos; por último, la variable formación presenta una media de 7.37 puntos en el quinto año. Se concluye que los alumnos presentan un mayor grado de interés por la Ciencia y sus actividades conforme avanzan en su formación académica, sin embargo, no muestran un interés significativo por formar parte de estas actividades de investigación.

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a implementação da atual política habitacional brasileira de modo a demonstrar como são efetivadas as relações intergovernamentais numa política top down como é o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). A pesquisa é empírico-teórica, qualitativa, estudo de caso, com dados levantados por meio de entrevista e documentos, cuja unidade de análise é o município de Maringá-Pr. Os resultados mostram que foram produzidas no município apenas 26% de unidades habitacionais para a população de baixa renda, enquanto que o padrão nacional de produção para essa população gira em torno de 60%. Concluiu-se que as relações que se estabeleceram entre os entes federativos não foram suficientes de modo a contemplar o contingente da população que o governo central se propunha a atender de forma a contribuir para a redução o déficit habitacional local.

O sistema de franchising vem crescendo na escala de dois dígitos nos últimos anos no Brasil. Este crescimento vem sendo impulsionado, principalmente, pelas microfranquias, por conta dos baixos investimentos de implantação do negócio (até R$ 80 mil para abertura de uma unidade franqueada), o que tem atraído a emergente classe C. Contudo, as taxas de franquia cobradas pelas franqueadoras podem limitar o sucesso e, por consequência, o crescimento da rede de franquias. Por este motivo, este estudo tem como objetivo geral entender a influência dessas taxas no crescimento da rede de franqueados no ambiente de microfranquias. Adotou-se para este fim o método de pesquisa qualitativo por intermédio de um estudo multicasos, abrangendo três franqueadoras e onze franqueados de prestação de serviços no interior de São Paulo. A pesquisa constatou a falta de suporte operacional por parte das franqueadoras, porém as taxas são cobradas na totalidade da rede de franqueados. Outro ponto evidenciado nesta pesquisa foi com relação ao baixo esforço de divulgação da marca, apesar da existência da taxa de publicidade paga pelos franqueados. E, por fim, também se evidencia o comportamento oportunista das franqueadoras em relação à cobrança da taxa de royalty. Uma das três franqueadoras já alterou, e outra tem desejo de, no médio prazo, alterar a forma de cobrança da taxa de royalty para um valor fixo mensal, independentemente do faturamento das unidades franqueadas.

The present study has as main objective to evaluate the students’ perception of the entrepreneurial education level of higher education institutions (HEIs) and its impact on their entrepreneurial motivations to become an entrepreneur and their entrepreneurial intention. Finally, we intend to measure to what extent the effect of entrepreneurial education is direct or indirect in their entrepreneurial intention, evaluating the role of entrepreneurial motivation of students in this relationship. A sample of 966 students from different HEIs in Portugal was surveyed using the HEInnovate Self-Assessment, student entrepreneurial motivations scale (based on the Society for Associated Researchers on International Entrepreneurship — SARIE), and an adapted version of the Carland entrepreneurship index. Our results point indirect effects of the entrepreneurial universities on entrepreneurial intention by the entrepreneurial motivations of the students to become an entrepreneur. This study showed the importance of analyzing, fostering, and investing in entrepreneurial education in the HEIs to achieve a more entrepreneurial level, due to the interesting positive direct and indirect impact on the entrepreneurial motivations and entrepreneurial intention of the students.

Purpose: We illustrate how cross-disciplinarity in business model research (multi-, inter- and transdisciplinarity) can help scholars overcome silo-building and span disciplinary boundaries. The seven articles contained in the special issue ‘Fostering Cross-Disciplinarity in Business Model Research’ are summarised, and the authors’ perspectives on the phenomena studied as well as the theories and methods adopted are portrayed. Methodology: We provide literature-based definitions of cross-disciplinary research modes and discuss their potential for business model research informed by insights from the seven special issue articles. Findings: There is much variety regarding the theories applied in business model research. These include design, imprinting, information asymmetry, paradox theories and many more. This variety illustrates that traditional domains, such as organisation, management and entrepreneurship studies, can be extended in creative ways, and hence can be equipped to deal with emerging and complex issues such as sustainability, circular economy, data management and base-of-thepyramid entrepreneurship. Interdisciplinarity seems to be well developed regarding the use of theories, but more must follow in terms of research methods and collaboration formats. Research Implications and Limitations: The common understanding of the potential and importance of cross-disciplinarity can be considered the major implication of this special issue. Beyond this, further critical reflection is required. Important questions remain open, primarily regarding research methods and collaboration formats. This editorial article reflects the perspectives of both the guest editors and the authors in this special issue. The presented understandings of cross-disciplinary business model research and implications for its future are of a preliminary nature. Originality and Value: Business model research is growing rapidly and scholars from various fields contribute to expanding our knowledge. An explicit focus on the potential of multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches is missing so far.

Objetivo do estudo: Analisar e identificar as configurações capazes de promover o alto desempenho organizacional, a partir da relação entre comportamento inovador, assunção de riscos, proatividade, e planejamento estratégico e orçamento. Metodologia/abordagem: Dados coletados por survey com empresas vinculadas à Câmara de Dirigentes Lojistas, pertencentes a um dos municípios com os maiores índices de desenvolvimento do Brasil; e analisados pela técnica fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). Principais resultados: Os achados indicam o comportamento inovador é necessário e a proatividade é quase sempre necessária à promoção do alto desempenho organizacional. Para tanto, são suficientes três soluções (S): a presença de comportamento inovador e da proatividade (S1); a presença do comportamento inovador, da assunção de riscos, do planejamento estratégico e de orçamento (S2); e a ausência da assunção de riscos, do planejamento estratégico e de orçamento (S3). Contribuições teóricas: Teoricamente, os achados acrescentam a perspectiva de orçamento nas discussões sobre o planejamento estratégico, a orientação empreendedora (OE) e o desempenho. Relevância/originalidade: O estudo é relevante, pois permite identificar a interface do planejamento estratégico e o orçamento, em detrimento das posturas de OE, que é consonante às condições causais promotoras do alto desempenho. Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: Este estudo traz novas explicações para a pertinência da interface entre as posturas empreendedoras, o planejamento estratégico e o orçamento, evidenciando possíveis configurações para as organizações alcançarem o alto desempenho. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: L26, M10, M41

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many events around the world to be cancelled, including the Business Model Conference 2020. The Conference Chairs, the Scientific Committee, and the Conference Committee discussed the possibility of hosting an online conference but thought that meeting virtually would not have provided participants with the same sense of community feeling experienced in previous years, when the Business Model Conference brought together international academics and practitioners from a multitude of disciplines to discuss the latest research and innovative teaching methods. Therefore, the decision was made to cancel the 2020 Conference. Despite this, the Editorial Board of the Journal of Business Models did not want the papers submitted to be a wasted effort; thus, it selected and reviewed the 11 papers included in this Special Issue. Originality, significance, and rigor were the three criteria that guided the selection and the review process, leading to a mix of papers that tackle business model issues from different angles and employ different research methods.

Access to public education for many specialists is the most potent policy toward achieving an equitable and fair society. To accomplish this challenging goal, there must exist an efficient and effective public system. Therefore, to support and expand the issue, we have developed a study that focuses on the impacts that socioeconomic conditions have on efficiency and efficacy at the basic education level in municipalities from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In order to achieve our main goal, we performed a descriptive statistical analysis, a correlation analysis, and three multiple linear regressions. First, the descriptive study exhibited public education inequality between the municipalities. Following this, the correlation analysis pointed out a positive and significant correlation amongst socioeconomic conditions as well as a more efficient and effective model. Finally, three multiple linear regressions demonstrate a positive and significant impact concerning the economic status between the social condition and the efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness in public schools run by municipal authorities. Therefore, this paper generates an advance toward local government performance studies, through the analysis of possible impacts concerning socioeconomic conditions in the 3Es at the basic education level.

The year 2020 marks ten years since the term “Public Field” was introduced in Brazil. Professors and students of undergraduate programs in public administration, public management, and public policy were the first to adopt the term, which emerged at a public hearing of the National Education Council on April 5, 2010, held to discuss the preparation of the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) for public administration undergraduate programs. There are many books and articles about the history of public administration education in Brazil, discussing its various cycles since 1952 and the movement to redefine the identity of higher education in this field of knowledge, which resulted in the establishment of the NCG in 2014. During the period 2015-2020, the Public Field in Brazil witnessed the establishment of representative entities, the process of implementing the NCG, the creation of specific scientific events, the preparation of the National Student Performance Exam (Enade) for public administration students, the elaboration of publications with titles related to the Public Field, and the formation of a multidisciplinary academic community. However, there is no systematization of this period of institutionalization. This article addresses this gap, describing this recent history and analyzing the current challenges of the Public Field. First, we carried out a comparative analysis of literature and documents to reveal the milestones of the public field and its challenges after the implementation of the NCG. Then, we conducted a survey with 365 valid responses, where professors, researchers, students, and alumni related to the Public Field prioritized the challenges presented. The outcome of this research is an overview of the construction of the Public Field in Brazil.

Este artículo de investigación científica tiene el objetivo de medir las actitudes que muestran las empresas exportadoras de aguacate ubicadas en Uruapan, Michoacán, con respecto a las actividades diferenciadoras tales como: la gestión ambiental, la administración de las relaciones y la calidad. La competitividad en tiempos actuales surge como un concepto de vital importancia influenciada por la globalización, se buscan estrategias que se traduzcan en ventajas competitivas que permitan a las empresas obtener una buena posición en el mercado global. Este trabajo tiene un diseño descriptivo correlacional, las variables analizadas fueron a través del software SPSS. Los hallazgos principales muestran que los agentes económicos de la cadena de valor dan una mayor importancia a las relaciones con clientes y proveedores que a la calidad y gestión ambiental, actualmente muy importantes en el terreno de la competencia. En este trabajo se realizó una medición de indicadores, dimensiones y variables identificando con claridad el origen de la fuente de ventaja competitiva.

This paper will prove, through a financial and econometric model, a different estimation approach on the Chinese’ basket peg. In particular, this study proposes a new system for calculating the numeraire in exchange rates of the major currencies present in Chinese basket-peg. We will analyze the values of exchange rates in the financial markets, particularly in the Forex market and Binary options. Then, after choosing the three currencies that have characteristics of low volatility, we will find our numeraire that will be determined by average every 30 minutes. Finally, we will do an econometric estimation.Keywords: Exchange Rate Regime, Chinese Basket peg, Forex Market, Binary options.JEL Classifications: F22, F42, F44DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.6539

El objetivo de este trabajo es integrar el Balanced Scorecard (BSC) a través de un acercamiento práctico desde la perspectiva del cliente en una empresa del sector textil en la región sur del Estado de Guanajuato. El diseño de esta investigación es de tipo no experimental y de corte transversal, bajo el enfoque del estudio de caso. Los principales resultados fueron: la generación de una propuesta de valor añadido al cliente; propuesta de mejoras en la calidad, en el diseño del producto, en la imagen y en la relación con el cliente. La descripción exhaustiva de la situación del “Corporativo Z” condujo a la correcta toma de decisiones con facilidad y sencillez. Todo ello para alcanzar los objetivos de la alta dirección que son: llevar a la empresa por el camino de la mejora continua e incrementar la rentabilidad.

In the tourist industry destinations are competing against each other to attract visitors. In this race to seduce visitors, cultural tourism (based on heritage and identity) appears as a very popular form of tourism used by destinations. Because branding plays a major role in attracting visitors, this paper therefore examines the slogan of 139 destinations around the world. Findings reveal that slogans tend not to use heritage but instead adopt a neutral position, this is to be explained by the fact that destinations want to appeal to maximum of visitors and also because they appeal to the emotions (as opposed to a cognitive strategy).

This study aims at evaluating the knowledge about Sustainability of students from a Business Management course of a private university of São Paulo and the influence of such knowledge in their attitudes, behaviors and sustainable consumption. The research is quantitative (survey) and it was developed with the students of the course of Business Management of a private university of São Paulo. Based on the responses of 131 students, it was verified, through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), that there is an influence between the knowledge about Sustainability in the students' attitudes, behavior and consumption; however, the influence of attitudes on consumption was not confirmed. In the researched course, the theme Sustainability has been approached, but not in a specific discipline, in a fragmented way, in several disciplines. This research contributes to both academic community and society, as well as other public or private universities to improve the Pedagogical Course Project (PCP). This study aims at transforming sustainable attitudes into sustainable behaviors and practices of students, acting as citizens.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the water has become, indirectly, an important element also in the financial markets. Nevertheless, its particular nature, vital and instrumental for human life, gives this item a peculiarity: it is difficult to generate a price but, equally, it attracts the agents that operate in the financial markets. But, like any other commodity, the water is starting to take hold in the equity markets. There is, however, a difficulty. No one can change the water as it does for other financial instruments present in the stock markets. For this reason, the investors began to bet on companies that have as reference the water sector, considered a booming business. The present work aims to analyze the performance of the assets related to the water sector in the financial markets, comparing performance against major indexes, such as Dow Jones, Nasdaq and S&P 500. Next, we wanted to verify the existence of a causal link between the water and the SP500 index in order to confirm the hypothesis that the water has become, in financial markets, a safe haven.

Gravity models utilize the attractive force concept as an analogy to explain volume of trade or capital flows. This paper aims at proving that direct investment flows between China and a group of South-East Asian countries are determined by standard variables included in gravity models such as: Gross domestic products of home and host economy and distance between them. In our gravity model on foreign direct investment (FDI) we include not only gravity variables but also other variables that may explain what factors affecting Chinese outward FDI (OFDI): Political risk, cultural proximity, the degree of openness to international trade and a proxy for natural resources. This paper, after having defined the variables that are capable of influencing Chinese OFDI, will suggest a method of econometric calculation of the gravitational model based on Prais-Winsten regression; correlated panels corrected standard errors.

Purpose: Diagnose and quantify the presenteeism and its relations with cooperation in the reality of a public research organization. Originality/value: This study is an initiative to face the current challenge of measuring presenteeism through inclusive approaches, providing actionable information about this behaviour and integrating multidisciplinary knowledge in order to understand the factors that influence it and the factors that are influenced by it, as well as how the presenteeism affects productivity at work. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in a public research organization with the purpose of to diagnose the reality of the organization in terms of presenteeism and cooperation by using analytical methods. Findings: The following results were obtained: 1. metrics on the general levels of presenteeism and cooperation; 2. levels of presenteeism and cooperation in each of the studied team; 3. correlations between presenteeism and cooperation; and 4. possible influence factors in the levels of presenteeism and cooperation. In summary, when recognizing the interconnectivity between presenteeism and cooperation and the relevance of a strategic management of the human capital that considers its specificities and integrates its biunivocal and inversely proportional content, this study presents empirical evidence that supports the relation between both phenomena and validates ways to diagnose and quantify their impacts in the organization. Objetivo: Diagnosticar e quantificar o presenteísmo e suas relações com a cooperação na realidade de uma organização pública de pesquisa. Originalidade/valor: Este estudo é uma iniciativa ante o atual desafio de mensuração do presenteísmo por meio de abordagens inclusivas que, ao mesmo tempo que sejam específicas em prover informações acionáveis acerca do comportamento presenteísta, integrem conhecimentos multidisciplinares para o entendimento dos fatores que o influenciam e são influenciados por ele, afetando a produtividade no trabalho. Design/metodologia/abordagem: O estudo realizou-se em uma organização pública de pesquisa, com o propósito de diagnosticar a realidade da organização em termos de presenteísmo e cooperação por meio da aplicação de métodos analíticos. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados os seguintes resultados: 1. métricas sobre os níveis gerais de presenteísmo e cooperação; 2. níveis de presenteísmo e cooperação por equipe estudada; 3. correlações entre o presenteísmo e a cooperação; e 4. possíveis fatores de influência nos níveis de presenteísmo e cooperação. Em síntese, por reconhecer a interconectividade entre o presenteísmo e a cooperação e a relevância de uma gestão estratégica do capital humano que considere suas especificidades e integre seu teor biunívoco e inversamente proporcional, este estudo apresenta evidências empíricas que fundamentam a relação entre ambos os fenômenos e validam meios para diagnosticar e quantificar seus impactos na organização.