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Objectives Tracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with serious complications. Adherence to the intubation bundle may reduce these complications. We aimed to determine complication rates and whether bundle compliance affected complications. Methods and material We analysed complications of intubation in our ICU. The intubation bundle, with ten elements, is divided into pre-intubation, intubation, and post-intubation. We recorded the complications and classified them as major and minor. Bundle compliance was defined as either full or partial. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and student t-test were used and p Results Of 158 adult intubations, 62 intubations were fully compliant with intubation bundle. Complications were similar whether compliance was complete or partial. Serious complications like hypoxemia, cardiovascular collapse, and cardiac arrest occurred during intubation. The need for vasopressor initiation before intubation was associated with severe hypotension, total, and major complications. Higher number of minor complications occurred with more attempts at intubation. Conclusions In our study compliance with intubation bundle did not affect the complications. Tracheal intubations were associated with frequent complications. Vasopressor need before intubation was associated with total and major complications.

Renal calculus is a stone like body composed of urinary salts bound together by a colloid matrix of organic materials [1]. In the United states 13% of men and 7% of women will develop a kidney stone during their lifetime and the prevalence is increasing throughout the industrialized world [2]. Men are more frequently affected by renal calculus than women with a ratio of 2.5:1 [3]. This case represents a case of nephrolithiasis treated with homoeopathic remedy Lycopodium. A 33 year old female patient visited OPD on 26/10/2018. She was complaining of severe pain in lower abdomen with nausea and dull colicky pain in both renal angles. There was burning in urethra during urination. This patient improved with Lycopodium 1M, single dose.

Introduction Protein phosphatases (PP) and kinases are known to regulate the cell cycle dynamics. Although kinases have been studied extensively, most of the phosphatases are still unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association of an isoform of PP1 family protein phosphatases 1 gamma 2 (PP1γ2) in the regulation of cervical cancer HeLa cell proliferation. Material and methods Expression of PP1γ2 transcript and protein was assessed in the cervical cancer cell line of HeLa cells through RT-PCR and western blotting. Flow cytometry was employed to confirm its expression quantitatively, and Immuno-fluorescence was done to evaluate the distribution of PP1γ2 in the dividing mononuclear and Taxol-induced multipolar HeLa cells. PP1γ2-specific siRNA-mediated silencing was done to understand downstream pathways. The effect of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment on PP1γ2 expression was also evaluated. Results RT-PCR and western blotting confirmed the expression of PP1γ2 in HeLa cells, and flow cytometry analysis established intracellular expression of PP1γ2. Immunofluorescence is localized PP1γ2 in the nucleus of mononuclear cells during interphase, whereas it is transiently redistributed to spindle poles throughout the cell division and localized back to the nucleus after complete karyokinesis. Taxol-induced multipolar HeLa cells also showed a temporal redistribution of PP1γ2 on the spindle poles. Hypoxic conditions upregulated PP1γ2 expression, but downregulated PP1γ2 levels through siRNA increased GSK3β phosphorylation. Conclusions Collectively, data suggests that PP1γ2 is modulated during HeLa cell division and regulates GSK3β phosphorylation, which may regulate downstream signalling of cell division.

Background and objective of the study : Among all the muscular skeletal disorders that affect students, cervicalgia is one of the worst, and its persistence has always been a cause of worry. The younger individuals, though the persistent neck pain is very rare, yet there is a need to identify those factors that lead to its chronicity, so that it can be prevented. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 390 healthy students belonging to the medical and paramedical undergraduate courses of two different medical colleges in a smart city. Study was carried over a period of 5 years from the period of December 2014 to December 2019. The study included all the students who consented to the study and where willing to participate in that. All the students were given a questionnaire at the beginning of the study and data was collected at the end of 4 months, 8 months and 12 months. In those patients where diagnosis having persistent neck pain, where were completely evaluated in order to find out the possible risk factors that can be associated with the persistence of neck pain. Results and Observations : In the study we recruited 300 students from two medical colleges in the city of Mangalore Dakshina Kannada, smart City e in South India. In these students 200 where students from medical College 50 students from the physiotherapy College and another 50 students from allied sciences that included radiography and laboratory technicians. It was observed that. At the end of 1 year following recruitment, 61% of the individuals had complaints of neck pain. Of which on follow up 21% has persistent neck pain. Of the 61% that is 183 cases who complained of neck pain at 1 year only 120 cases, that is 40% at persistence in the end of second year. Among these 120 cases, 99 cases had use of computer for more than 12 hours a day or the use of mobile phones specially while sleeping at night for more than 4-5 hours for a day. Of those who are using the

Genomic selection (GS) is a popular breeding method that uses genome-wide markers to predict plant phenotypes. Empirical studies and simulations have shown that GS can greatly accelerate the breeding cycle, beyond what is possible with traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches. GS is a regression problem, where one often uses SNPs to predict the phenotypes. Since the SNP data are extremely high-dimensional, of the order of 100 K dimensions, it is difficult to make accurate phenotypic predictions. Moreover, finding the optimal prediction model is computationally very costly. Out of thousands of SNPs, usually only a few influence a particular phenotypic trait. We first of all show how ensemble-based regression techniques give better prediction accuracy compared to traditional regression methods, which have been used in existing papers. We then further improve the prediction accuracy by using an ensemble of feature selection and feature extraction techniques, which also reduces the time to compute the regression model parameters. We predict three traits: grain yield, time to 50% flowering and plant height for which the existing methods give an accuracy of 0.304, 0.627 and 0.341, respectively. Our proposed regression model gives an accuracy of 0.330, 0.674 and 0.458 for these traits. Additionally, we also propose a computationally efficient regression model that reduces the computation time by as much as 90% and gives an accuracy of 0.342, 0.580 and 0.411, respectively.

Herpes viruses have been described as markers of occult cancer and have also been implicated in oncogenesis. This group of viruses includes varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which is well-known for its ability to evade the immune response by lying dormant in the dorsal root ganglion of peripheral nerves. Although it is common knowledge that VZV reactivation causes herpes zoster (shingles), there have been no reports in literature of herpes zoster manifesting in the dermatomal territory of peripheral nerves involved by either benign or malignant tumors. We report two cases of patients with peripheral nerve tumors who presented with herpes zoster in the dermatomal distribution of the involved nerves. One patient had primary neurolymphomatosis, whereas the other had a sacral schwannoma. We believe these are the first cases to be reported that demonstrate herpes zoster at clinical presentation in patients with peripheral nerve tumors. This suggests that VZV may have the potential to cause peripheral nerve tumors via a complex interplay of viral oncogenes and alterations in host immunological responses.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) within two dimension (2D) have been gaining widespread consideration due to their exclusive optoelectronic properties. Here, we propose a hybrid nanostructured plasmonic biosensor composed of layered materials (TMDCs and graphene) on a Au film intended for increasing the Goos–Hanchen (GH) shift of the reflected light. MoS2 and WS2 are chosen as the TMDCs to constitute the sensing materials. We provide a detailed simulation and theoretical analysis of the performance of the sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) composed of the proposed hybrid nanostructure for wavelengths spanning from the visible to near-IR spectral region. The sensing performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, figure of merit (FoM), and enhancement factor. Four optimal configurations are achieved at different excitation wavelengths, where the largest enhancement factor of sensitivity is over five times in comparison to conventional bare gold sensors. Also, the detection limit of the refractive index (RI) change is decreased by two orders of magnitude and its corresponding sensitivity shows over ten times improvement.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased insulin secretion by the organ. Insulin deficiency causes the DM. Synthetic drugs are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, but they have some side effects. The antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipedemic effects of the plants are related to their ability to maintain pancreatic function. Medicinal plants constituents such as glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids mitigate DM. B. ciliata inhibits the α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Cinnamon extracts improve insulin receptor function by activating insulin receptor kinase and inhibiting insulin receptor phosphatase, which lead to an increase in insulin sensitivity. Morinda lucida also had the highest antioxidant activity, and it also inhibited the α-glucosidase. Many plants have also been shown to antihyperlipedemic effects. Finally, it can be concluded that medicinal plants have that ability to treat or prevent DM.

Introduction: This study is done to evaluate the role of different clinical factors in hematoma enlargement, especially severe hypertension during the early phase of spontaneous ICH. Materials and Methods: All patients with spontaneous intracranial hematoma who were of > 18 years in age, presented within 24 hour of onset, were enrolled for this study. Repeat CT scan was done within 24 - 48 hours after 1st scan. Results: 88 patients were enrolled and among them, 11 (12.5%) had >20% enlargement in the size of the hematoma on the second CT. The Mean increase in the size of hematoma was 19.8 11.4 ml (47.3 27.2 %). Progression of symptom after onset and after admission, lower GCS ( from onset to CT the enlargement of the hematoma. Mean systolic BP at admission > 200 mm Hg was present in a higher proportion of patients with hematoma enlargement. Conclusion: The present study showed that patients of spontaneous ICH presenting within 6 hours with higher NIHSS, low GCS (GCS hematoma enlargement. SBP >200 mm of Hg at admission may be a potential risk factor. ( Hematoma enlargement, NIHSS =National Institute Health Stroke Scale score, GCS =Glasgow Coma Scale, MAP=mean arterial pressure) Keywords: ute Health SHematoma enlargement, National Instittroke Scale score, Glasgow Coma Scale

SARS-CoV-2–infected patients are reported to show immunocompromised behavior that gives rise to a wide variety of complications due to impaired innate immune response, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammation. Prolonged use of steroids, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are some of the factors responsible for the growth of Mucorales in such immunocompromised patients and, thus, can lead to a life-threatening condition referred to as mucormycosis. Therefore, an early diagnosis and cell-based management cosis is the need of the hour to help affected patients overcome this severe condition. In addition, extended exposure to antifungal drugs/therapeutics is found to initiate hormonal and neurological complications. More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to exhibit immunomodulatory function and proven to be beneficial in a clinical cell-based regenerative approach. The immunomodulation ability of MSCs in mucormycosis patient boosts the immunity by the release of chemotactic proteins. MSC-based therapy in mucormycosis along with the combination of short-term antifungal drugs can be utilized as a prospective approach for mucormycosis treatment with promising outcomes. However, preclinical and in mucormyIn mucormycosis, the hyphae of clinical trials are needed to establish the precise mechanism of MSCs in mucormycosis treatment.

Introduction: Patients encountered with fracture shaft and neck femur require some anaesthesia or pain relief to allow radiological, orthopedic and other procedures to be performed. Regional anaesthesia is the most widely used an aesthetic technique for orthopedic procedures in lower limbs.Fascia iliaca blocks provide a safe, cheap and effective form of pain relief for patients with neck of femur fractures. Animal studies have proven the combination of dexmedetomidine with ropivacaine to be safe and neuro-protective. Fascia iliaca compartment block which involve femoral nerve, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh and obturator nerve. This study is designed to compare Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block under ultrasound guidance with ropivacaine and ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine positioning during spinal anesthesia in femur fractures. Material and methods: This study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi hospital and Mathuradas Mathur hospital, Jodhpur during January 2019–January 2020. 60 Patients admitted in Orthopaedic ward age group 21-60 yrs. of both sex were the source of data. Patients undergoing elective surgery for fracture femur (neck of femur and intertrochanteric) under SAB were included in the study. We divided the cases into 2 groups of 30 each, as GROUP R: Patients were received 30 ml 0.50% Inj. ropivacaine + 2 ml Normal saline with a total volume of 32 ml in unilateral FICB. GROUP RD: Patients were received 30 ml 0.50% Inj. Ropivacaine + 2 ml Inj. Dexmeditomidine (0.5mcg/Kg) with a total volume of 32 ml in unilateral FICB. Standard protocol followed to administering regional anaesthesia. All data were collected and analysed with the help of suitable statistical parameters. Results: Our study results in that Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block with combination of ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine is more efficacious than ropivacaine alone for positioning during spinal anaesthesia in surgery for fracture femur. Key words: Spinal Anaesthesia, Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block, Ropivacaine, Dexmedetomidine.

This paper presents an intercept angle guidance law for planar engagement in an environment having multiple moving obstacles. A linearized engagement dynamics is used for deriving guidance command using the concepts of optimal control. The proposed strategy enables the interceptor to intercept a target at a pre-specified desired impact angle while avoiding multiple moving obstacles, encountered during engagement, with specified minimum distances. Guidance law is first derived for a general case of multiple obstacles, and then special cases of one and two obstacles are discussed. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the claims of proposed guidance strategy for various engagement scenarios, for single as well as two obstacles with constant maneuver capability.

Exosomes are nano-vesicles of endosomal origin inherited with characteristics of drug delivery and cargo loading. Exosomes offer a diverse range of opportunities that can be exploited in the treatment of various diseases post-functionalization. This membrane engineering is recently being used in the management of bacteria-associated diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most crippling disease of society with a large share of its imposing economic burden. DM in a chronic state is associated with the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. DFU is among the diabetic microvascular complications with the consequent occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes post-tailoring hold promise to accelerate the diabetic wound repair in DFU associated with bacterial inhabitant. These exosomes promote the antibacterial properties with regenerative activity by loading bioactive molecules like growth factors, nucleic acids, and proteins, and non-bioactive substances like antibiotics. Functionalization of MSC-derived exosomes is mediated by various physical, chemical, and biological processes that effectively load the desired cargo into the exosomes for targeted delivery at specific bacterial DFUs and wound. The present study focused on the application of the cargo-loaded exosomes in the treatment of DFU and also emphasizes the different approaches for loading the desired cargo/drug inside exosomes. However, more studies and clinical trials are needed in the domain to explore this membrane engineering.

Background Osteosarcoma is a recalcitrant disease treated with surgery and intensive chemotherapy as standard. The 5-year survival rate of patients with relapsed and lung metastatic osteosarcoma is as low as 20%. Materials and methods A 16-year-old patient developed left distal femoral high-grade osteosarcoma and underwent cisplatinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. From the resected tumor, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was established in the femur of nude mice. PDOX models were randomized into the following groups: untreated control, or treatment with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p., weekly for 14 days), sunitinib (40 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 14 days), pazopanib (100 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 14 days), temozolomide(25 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 14 days), and eribulin (1.5 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 14 days). Tumor volume and body weight were monitored twice a week. Results The osteosarcoma PDOX was resistant to doxorubicin, sunitinib, and pazopanib. In contrast, eribulin and temozolomide arrested tumor growth. Conclusion This study demonstrated the utility of the PDOX model in allowing effective from non-effective drugs to be distinguished in a model in which the tumor was growing on the organ corresponding to that of the patient.

The rapid expansion of the Internet and its connectivity has given tremendous growth to e-commerce sites. Product reviews form an indispensable part of e-commerce sites. However, it is challenging and laborious to go through hundreds of reviews. In this paper, we address the problem of summarizing reviews by means of informative and readable tags. We present a novel unsupervised method of generating tags and rank them based on relevance. We refine the generated tags using NLP syntactic rules to make them more informative. Our proposed Tagging Product Review (TPR) system takes into consideration the opinions expressed on the product or its aspects. We also address the problem of tag generation for cold products, which have only a limited number of reviews and that too, with very short content. We use transfer learning to build a tag cloud from popular product reviews and use it to identify good tags from cold product reviews. We evaluate our proposed system using online reviews of twelve products of varying popularity, collected from Amazon.com. Our result demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach at generating relevant tags compared to three popular baseline methods. Our proposed approach gives an average tag relevance score (NDCG) of around 79% for popular products and 85% for cold products. Our approach also gives an average precision of 89% for identifying correct tags. The results suggest that our TPR system successfully summarize reviews by means of tags.

We investigated the dimensions defining mental shape space, by measuring shape discrimination thresholds along "morph-spaces" defined by pairs of shapes. Given any two shapes, one can construct a morph-space by taking weighted averages of their boundary vertices (after normalization), creating a continuum of shapes ranging from the first shape to the second. Previous studies of morphs between highly familiar shape categories (e.g. truck and turkey) have shown elevated discrimination at category boundaries, reflecting a kind of "categorical perception" in shape space. Here, we use this technique to explore the underlying representation of unfamiliar shapes. Subjects were shown two shapes at nearby points along a morph-space, and asked to judge whether they were the same or different, with an adaptive procedure used to estimate discrimination thresholds at each point along the morph-space. We targeted several potentially important categorical distinctions, such one- vs. two-part shapes, two- vs. three-part shapes, changes in symmetry structure, and other potentially important distinctions. Observed discrimination thresholds showed substantial and systematic deviations from uniformity at different points along each shape continuum, meaning that subjects were consistently better at discriminating at certain points along each morph-space than at others. We introduce a shape similarity measure, based on Bayesian skeletal shape representations, which gives a good account of the observed variations in shape sensitivity.

There is a well-established association between tobacco consumption with asthma and chronic bronchitis (CB). This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of tobacco consumption and its association with asthma and CB in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional household survey of 573 males was conducted during January–June 2015 in the Jajmau area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on self-reported symptoms pertaining to asthma and CB, which were considered as response variables for the study. More than one-third of the respondents (36%) smoked tobacco and 44% consumed smokeless tobacco. Men who were aged 35 years and above were more prone to CB, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.08 in model 1 and 1.84 in model 2. The prevalence of CB is higher among those from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (12.4%). People consuming any form of tobacco are more likely to get CB (OR = 5.22) than their counterparts who do not consume tobacco. The chances of getting asthma was higher among those who consumed any form of smokeless tobacco (OR = 1.34) and those who consume any form of tobacco (OR = 2.30) in model 2. Our study found a significant association between tobacco consumption (smoking and use of smokeless tobacco) with asthma and CB and the predictors that affect the pattern of tobacco consumption, such as respondents’ age, education level, caste, level of exposure to the media, and standard of living index.

Apparel brands have been utilizing social media marketing to engage with prospects and thereby influencing sales for few years in the past in India. Quality content competitions and automation in social media advertising has discovered many marketing methods to promote a brand on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram and YouTube. Companies are revolutionizing the way they interact with customers by adopting social media as platform that has become an important aspect in marketing mix. The findings presented in this study conclude that social media communication cannot be implemented in isolation without extending it with other forms of traditional advertising channels even though; social media is more effective than some of the traditional advertising channels. Using social media for marketing of apparel brands has gained importance in the success of any effective online marketing campaign coupled with creativity in content, design and unique style to help brand stand out and differentiate from competitors. This research study has concluded that marketers need to focus on directive appearance on social media with interesting, catchy, entertaining, and appealing content as consumer apparel brand selection is dependent on their perception, quality and frequency of social media communication.

Summary Fuel cells are highly efficient and green power sources. The typical membrane electrode assembly is necessary for common electrochemical devices. Recent research and development in solid oxide fuel cells have opened up many new opportunities based on the semiconductor or its heterostructure materials. Semiconductor-based fuel cells (SBFCs) realize the fuel cell functionality in a much more straightforward way. This work aims to discuss new strategies and scientific principles of SBFCs by reviewing various novel junction types/interfaces, i.e., bulk and planar p-n junction, Schottky junction, and n-i type interface contact. New designing methodologies of SBFCs from energy band/alignment and built-in electric field (BIEF), which block the internal electronic transport while assisting interfacial superionic transport and subsequently enhance device performance, are comprehensively reviewed. This work highlights the recent advances of SBFCs and provides new methodology and understanding with significant importance for both fundamental and applied R&D on new-generation fuel cell materials and technologies., Graphical abstract, Electrochemistry; Energy Engineering; Materials Science; Energy Materials

In this paper, we investigate the problem of text coherence modeling with a new perspective of learning better distributed sentence representation by incorporating document dependent and document independent features of a sentence. To this end, we propose a data-driven end-to-end novel neural coherence model that captures text coherence by exploiting the semantic and distributional aspects of the sentences in a document. The network is able to capture various document independent and document dependent features of a sentence which is imperative in assessing text coherence. Experiments on the standard Sentence Ordering task indicate that our proposed model shows significant performance gain of 1.7 percent in terms of accuracy score compared with the state-of-the-art baselines.

International audience; Metallic gratings have flexible and powerful modulation effects on electromagnetic waves. Reflection and transmission spectra of metallic gratings may become extremely narrow or ultra wide depending on the grating parameters. In this paper, a surface plasmon resonance-based sensing system comprising of a metallic grating coupled with a prism configuration was proposed. The effects of all parameters of the sensing system on the Goos-Hadnchen shift and sensitivity were studied in detail, and the results showed that ultra-shallow metallic gratings with large duty cycles, with no other materials involved, are more beneficial. In addition, a set of optimum parameters was obtained at the incident wavelength. Compared with the conventional SPR-based gold sensing chip, strongly coupled surface plasmon resonance around the grating enlarges the penetration depth, and enhances both Goos-Hadnchen shift and the corresponding sensitivity by 5.6 times, with increasing refractive indices of the analyte solutions. These results indicate that the proposed ultra-shallow metal grating-based sensing structure is in favor of detecting ultralow concentrations of biomolecules in the analyte solutions.

Platinum diselenide (PtSe2), an emerging two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, exhibits thickness-dependent refractive index, and hence, intriguing optical properties. Here, we employ it as a plasmonic sensing substrate to achieve significant enhancement in Goos-Hanchen shift sensitivity. Through systematic optimization of all parameters, four optimum sensing configurations have been achieved at different wavelengths ranging from visible to near-infrared region, where the Goos-Hanchen shift sensitivity receives four times enhancement in comparison with the conventional bare gold sensing substrate. There is a linear range of Goos-Hanchen shift with the tiny change of refractive index for each optimal configuration. The detection limit of the refractive index change can be as low as 5 × 10−7 RIU which is estimated to be lower by 2 orders of magnitude, and the corresponding sensitivity of biomolecules has a 1000-fold increment compared with that of bare gold-based sensors.

Road extraction from high resolution satellite imagery has been a challenging task. The problem has been attempted by many people employing different methods and techniques and many have been able to solve it to a large extent. The novelty of this paper is to reach the end goal of providing a final product which can be used to generate semantically meaningful applications like vehicle detection, vehicle counting and determining the size of vehicle on the road. In this paper, an approach of road delineation in high resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery is proposed using Deep Neural Networks to generate a road binary mask. The binary mask comprising of objects is further processed with image processing techniques. Whereas to reduce the non-road objects, which are classified as road, object attributes such as object size and shape are used. The refined objects are converted into a shape file of road. Various challenges faced along the way and some useful observations and algorithmic strategies to achieve the end goal have been discussed in this paper.

Light-gated ion channel and ion pump rhodopsins are widely used as optogenetic tools and these can control the electrically excitable cells as (1) they are a single-component system i.e., their light sensing and ion-conducting functions are encoded by the 7-transmembrane domains and, (2) they show fast kinetics with small dark-thermal recovery time. In cellular signaling, a signal receptor, modulator, and the effector components are involved in attaining synchronous regulation of signaling. Optical modulation of the multicomponent network requires either receptor to effector encoded in a single ORF or direct modulation of the effector domain through bypassing all upstream players. Recently discovered modular rhodopsins like rhodopsin guanylate cyclase (RhoGC) and rhodopsin phosphodiesterase (RhoPDE) paves the way to establish a proof of concept for utilization of complex rhodopsin (modular rhodopsin) for optogenetic applications. Light sensor coupled modular system could be expressed in any cell type and hence holds great potential in the advancement of optogenetics 2.0 which would enable manipulating the entire relevant cell signaling system. Here, we had identified 50 novel modular rhodopsins with variant domains and their diverse cognate signaling cascades encoded in a single ORF, which are associated with specialized functions in the cells. These novel modular algal rhodopsins have been characterized based on their sequence and structural homology with previously reported rhodopsins. The presented novel modular rhodopsins with various effector domains leverage the potential to expand the optogenetic tool kit to regulate various cellular signaling pathways across the diverse biological model systems.

In this paper, a 4×4 inverted L-monopole antenna with semi elliptical radiating patch is proposed for 5G application in sub-6GHz (3.5GHz) band. All the antenna elements are placed orthogonally to attain pattern diversity. Moreover, a neutralization line associated with square ring at the middle of the ground plane is introduced which mitigate the near field coupling among antenna elements and in turns improves the isolation (>20dB). Moreover, it helps to realize a compact structure (0.64λx0.64λ mm2where λ is the free space wavelength). The proposed MIMO antenna is working in the frequency range 3.36-3.68 GHz (10 dB impedance bandwidth = 320MHz). The radiation patterns are in orthogonal directions, which provide the pattern diversity in the MIMO antenna. The simulated antenna peak gain is 2.8 dB at the desired frequency (3.5GHz) and the maximum efficiency is 52%. Moreover, overall low ECC (

The adverse effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizers affecting soil fertility, water pollution and native microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria, in wetland rice cultivation have drawn global attention towards the use of alternative sources like N2-fixing cyanobacteria as a biofertilizer for sustainable rice farming. Although chemical nitrogen fertilizers are extensively used for obtaining higher rice yield, they are likely to have a deleterious effect on the growth and N2-fixation of diazotrophs, including cyanobacteria. In addition, biocides (herbicides and insecticides) are widely being used in rice cultivation for optimizing crop yield, but these chemicals also affects non-target organisms adversely. There are several reports indicating impacts of these agrochemicals on cyanobacteria, but most such studies were carried out under laboratory conditions. This article reviews information from different field evaluations on the impact of agrochemicals on cyanobacteria along with rice crop in wetland rice field ecosystem.

In the quest to increase dependence on non-conventional energy sources, India over the past few years has laid additional emphasis on the renewable sector. Within the renewable sector, wind power has emerged as the single-largest energy contributor in the country. The sector has been appreciated for having limited adverse implications on local communities, environment and ecology. However, off late, studies on individual projects and analysis of available sectoral data reveal that there are critical environmental and social (E&S) issues that the wind power sector needs to address. The present article, based on the review of available literature (articles/case studies, newspaper clippings, books and E&S Impact Assessment reports), has identified the key social issues affecting the sector. Based on discussions with renewable energy specialists and an assessment of available mitigation measures, recommendations have been proposed to address the identified areas of concern. It is believed that addressing the social issues of concern in the present article will contribute towards promoting socially responsible and long-term generation of renewable power in consonance with the renewable and wind power policies of India.

Background: Altitude related diseases due to low barometric pressure and extreme cold climates are presumed to be the morbidities for soldiers carrying out military operations at altitudes varying from 2500 to 5500 meters above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Aim: The aim of the study was to ascertain high-altitude-related diseases among soldiers

Hispanic children of Mexican origin have a high incidence of NAFLD. Susceptibility has been linked to a combination of factors including an increasing epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, an allele substitution in the PNPLA3 gene that reduces hepatic lipid catabolism, and an altered microbiome that may increase hepatic endotoxins. The combination of NAFLD and portal vein toxins secondary to an indigenous gut microbiome appear to lead to the early occurrence of NASH, which progresses to cirrhosis and early hepatocellular carcinoma. Early detection and treatment of hepatic changes are needed. Given the success of gastric bypass in reducing body weight, modifying the gut microbiome, and improving NAFLD/NASH in adults, a trial of gastric bypass in predisposed pediatric candidates should be undertaken.

This paper presents design and analysis of a robust control methodology based on H-infinity mixed sensitivity approach. The designed controller has been implemented on stock consistency (an important parameter of paper machine headbox). The paper also describes the results obtained for stock consistency model with conventional PID controller using IMC, ZN and TL tuning methods. The performance assessment of H-infinity controller has been done by comparing its results with conventional PID controller. The assessment is done on the basis of four major aspects such as: Time response, relative stability, performance index and robustness.

Background For diagnosis, sub-categorization and follow up of Acute Leukemia (AL), phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry is mandatory. Material and methods We retrospectively analyzed immunophenotypic data along with cytogenetics/molecular genetics data (wherever available) from 631 consecutive cases of AL diagnosed at our flow cytometry laboratory from January 2014 to August 2017. Results Of the total 631 cases, 52.9% (n=334) were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 43.9% (n=277) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 2.2% (n=14) mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL), 0.5% (n=3) acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) and 0.5% (n=3) chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC). ALL cases comprised of 81.7% (n=273/334) B-cell ALLs (95.2%, n=260/273 common B-ALLs and 4.8%, n=13/273 Pro B-ALLs). CD13 was the commonest cross lineage antigen, expressed in B-ALL (25.6%, n=70/273), followed by CD33 (17.9%, n=49) and combined CD13/CD33 (11.3%, n=31/273) expression. T-ALLs constituted 18.3% (n=61/334) of total ALLs and included 27.9% (n=17/61) cortical T- ALLs. CD13 was commonest (32.7%, n=20/61) aberrantly expressed antigen in T-ALLs, followed by CD117 (19.1%, n=9/47). AML cases included 32.1% (n=89/277) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, 9.0% (n=25/277) with FLT3/NPM1c mutation and 58.9% (n=163/277) AML NOS including 14.7% (n=24/163) AML M4/M5, 1.8% (n=3/163) AML M6 and 3.7% (n=6/163) AML M7. In AMLs, CD19 aberrancy was the most common (20.2%, n=56/277) followed by CD56 (15.8%, n=42/265). Conclusions In this study, we document the spectrum, correlate the immunophenotype with genetic data of all leukemias, especially concerning T-ALL where the data from India is scarce.

Social media is currently one of the most important means of news communication. Since people are consuming a large fraction of their daily news through social media, most of the traditional news channels are using social media to catch the attention of users. Each news channel has its own strategies to attract more users. In this paper, we analyze how the news channels use sentiment to garner users’ attention in social media. We compare the sentiment of social media news posts of television, radio and print media, to show the differences in the ways these channels cover the news. We also analyze users’ reactions and opinion sentiment on news posts with different sentiments. We perform our experiments on a dataset extracted from Facebook Pages of five popular news channels. Our dataset contains 0.15 million news posts and 1.13 billion users reactions. The results of our experiments show that the sentiment of user opinion has a strong correlation with the sentiment of the news post and the type of information source. Our study also illustrates the differences among the social media news channels of different types of news sources.

In this work, a frequency reconfigurable MIMO antenna for 4G and early 5G applications is presented. The MIMO antenna design consists an array of two radiating/receiving elements positioned diagonally opposite to each other for better isolation (>12 dB) and pattern diversity. Each antenna element in MIMO array has a single module consisting two meandered radiating arms which could be connected or disconnected to the 50 Ω feedline electronically using two PIN diodes to operate in two switchable frequency bands/modes, 2.4 GHz or 3.5 GHz assigned for 4G/LTE and early 5G/Sub-6 GHz wireless communication technologies, respectively. The length of each radiating arm is around half-wavelength at operating frequency of interest (2.4 GHz or 3.5 GHz). The overall size of the MIMO antenna system is 120 mm × 60 mm × 1.52 mm. The proposed MIMO antenna configuration provides a 28.81% FBW (2.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz) and 49.7% FBW (2.57 GHz to 4.27 GHz) in both the resonance modes, respectively. The measured antenna gain values in two switchable frequency modes are 3.7 dBi and 4.2 dBi, respectively with overall efficiency > 60%. A low envelope correlation coefficient (0.0056 at 2.4 GHz and 0.0009 at 3.5 GHz) is achieved. Furthermore, the SAR and hand mode analysis is carried out to verify the performance of the MIMO antenna for mobile handset. The measured ergodic channel capacity of the MIMO antenna has been achieved more than 10b/s/Hz for both the mode.

Comparative growth and N2-fixation of cyanobacteria, namely Aphanothece sp. (unicellular) and Gloeotrichia sp. (heterocystous, filamentous), were studied after their inoculation to rice crop in the absence and presence of urea nitrogen fertilizer. In the absence of N-fertilizer application (control), inoculation of both cyanobacterial species showed significant increase in growth and acetylene reduction activity (ARA), but gradual reduction in these parameters was observed at 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 of urea application. In inoculation of Gloeotrichia sp. at control, 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 increased grain yield significantly over uninoculated control in both wet and dry seasons, but grain yield with Aphanothece sp. inoculation was statistically similar to the control at N levels during both seasons. The inoculation study showed that heterocystous cyanobacteria contributed better than unicellular ones, and application of N-fertilizer adversely affected both growth and N2-fixation of native as well of inoculated cyanobacteria.

A tremendous increase has been documented in the recent past in prescribing second generation atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) to the pregnant women with psychosis, considering their reproductive and teratogenic safety. Among AAPDs, risperidone (RIS) ranked third after olanzapine (OLZ) and quetiapine (QUE) used during pregnancy, as OLZ is associated to substantial weight gain in adults and offspring. Although teratogenic safety of RIS has been established, its potential role in developmental neurotoxicity and related neurobehavioral impairments in adolescents has not been documented so far. Therefore, present study has been undertaken to elucidate the effect of prenatal exposure to risperidone (RIS) on developmental neurotoxicity and apoptotic neurodegeneration in neocortical region of fetal brain; and related functional sequelae in young rat offspring. The pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to RIS at 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0mg/kg, at equivalent therapeutic doses, orally from GD 6 to 21. Half of the pregnant rats were sacrificed and their brains were collected, weighed, and processed for neurohistopathological and apoptotic neurodegenerative evaluation. The remaining dams were allowed to deliver naturally, and their offspring were reared up to 10 weeks for neurobehavioral study. Prenatal exposure to RIS induced significant stunting of fetal body and brain weight, substantial reduction in the thickness of neocortical layers and apoptotic neurodegeneration in fetal brains, and delayed postnatal development and growth of the offspring; as well as long- lasting impact on anxiety like impaired behavioral responses on explorative mazes. Therefore, health care providers should be careful in prescribing atypical antipsychotics in general and RIS in particular, to the pregnant psychotic population.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is one of the very attractive crops successfully cultivated in most developing countries due to its easy cultivation technology. The most amazing point of mushroom cultivation technology is its landless agriculture on useless lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. The oyster mushrooms have potentials to utilize various kinds of waste materials as substrate than any other mushrooms and in consequence convert them into valuable vegetable food at par with non-vegetarian food in terms of nutritional attributes. Since these natural lignocelluloses contain limits of their nutrient constituents, require supplementations in the form of chemical and biological supplements. Addition of the supplements with basal substrate has been as common practice to enhance the yield, nutritional and medicinal values. The present manuscript comprised the detailed information in context of oyster mushroom cultivation, used multiple basal substrates and supplements (additives) as reported in past researches. Therefore, the technology of mushroom agriculture enables us to acquire substrate materials at very low cost or even for free to get biotechnological foods and further led to conserve our environment through efficient bioconversion of wastes with sustainable food security.

Background: Diagnosis OA is basically based upon clinical and radiological features. In our study we have used a clinical scoring system of OA called as WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) score and a radiological staging system KL staging (Kellegren and Lawrance) OA radiological staging system and correlation between them. Methods: There were total 66 patients with 102 knees. X ray of bilateral knee was taken in weight bearing position (standing) and WOMAC score was calculated. X-rays were assessed with KL grading. WOMAC score a clinical scoring was correlated with a radiological KL grading for the OA of knee. Results: Range of WOMAC score was 11.5-67.7. Mean WOMAC score were 18.75, 31.31, 52.57 and 67.2 in patients of KL grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Correlation between KL grading and WOMAC scoring were found to be significant; there were rise in the WOMAC scoring when KL grading increases. Conclusions: Both the KL grading and WOMAC score are directly proportional to each other, and hence, WOMAC scoring can be used to diagnose, assess the progression of the disease and the response to treatment of osteoarthritis.

This paper proposes an unsupervised debate stance classification algorithm. In other words, finding the side a post author is taking in an online debate. Stance detection has a complementary role in information retrieval, opinion mining, text summarization, etc. Existing stance detection techniques are not able to effectively handle two challenges: determine whether a given post is a debate or not? If the post is a debate on a given topic, correctly classify the side that the post author is taking. In this paper, we propose techniques that addresses both the above issues. Compared to existing technique, our technique gives 30% improvement in detection of whether a post is a debate or not. Our technique is able to find the side that an author is taking in a debate by 10% higher F1 score compared to existing work. We achieve this improvement by using new syntactic rules, better aspect popularity detection, co-reference resolution, and a novel integer linear programming model to solve the problem.