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Many studies have suggested that Japanese children are tired, because they are busy and sleep deprived. Children do not establish their lifestyle on their own, but are influenced by schools, family and the society. The present article reviews the Japanese education system and education at home, in terms of their effects on sleep and mental health of elementary school students, and discusses sleep education at school.

This chapter is an overview of sleep, lifestyle, mental, and physical health, and the characteristics of insomnia among the elderly and students. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the effects of the sleep management with actual examples of public health from the community and schools. Sleep management that included short naps and exercise in the evening was effective in promoting sleep and mental health with elderly people. The interventions demonstrated that the proper awakening maintenance and keeping proper arousal level during the evening were effective in improving sleep quality. Furthermore, sleep management that included sleep education and cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep-related habits and the quality of sleep. In this study, a sleep educational program using minimal cognitive-behavioral modification techniques was developed. Mental and physical health were also improved along with improving sleep with the elderly and students. These results suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions to improve the sleep practices are effective for mental health, the activity of daily living (ADL), and the quality of life (QOL)