Search

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an underdiagnosed form of restrictive cardiomyopathy leading to a rapid progression into heart failure. Evaluation of CA requires a multimodality approach making use of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic imaging, and nuclear imaging. Technetium (Tc)-labeled cardiac scintigraphy has witnessed a resurgence in its application for the workup of CA. Advancements in disease-modifying therapies have fueled the rapid adoption of cardiac scintigraphy using bone tracers and the need for transformative novel studies. The goal of this review is to present diagnostic utility, currently recommended protocols, as well as a glimpse into the rapid evolution of Tc-labeled cardiac scintigraphy in the diagnosis of CA.

Chemodynamic therapy kills cancer cells with reactive oxygen species generated by endogenous triggers in the tumor microenvironment. Although chemodynamic therapy is blossoming in recent years, their therapy process still faces a series of hampers. The unknown catalytic activity of chemodynamic therapy reagents may lead to unpredictable therapy effects, so it is necessary to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of chemodynamic therapy and develop self-monitoring probes. In this mini-review, we summarize and illustrate the most recent progress of chemodynamic therapy, focusing on the applications of magnetic imaging and optical imaging probe for monitoring cancer chemodynamic therapy. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential challenges and the further directions of this field.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-01 The identification of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders requires the evaluation of regional GI transit, and the development of alternative methodologies in animals has a significant impact on translational approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate an easy and low-cost methodology (alternate current biosusceptometry-ACB) for the assessment of regional GI transit in rats through images. Rats were fed a test meal containing magnetic tracer and phenol red, and GI segments (stomach, proximal, medial and distal small intestine, and cecum) were collected to assess tracer's retention at distinct times after ingestion (0, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min). Images were obtained by scanning the segments, and phenol red concentration was determined by the sample's absorbance. The temporal retention profile, geometric center, gastric emptying, and cecum arrival were evaluated. The correlation coefficient between methods was 0.802, and the temporal retention of each segment was successfully assessed. GI parameters yielded comparable results between methods, and ACB images presented advantages as the possibility to visualize intrasegmental tracer distribution and the automated scan of the segments. The imaging approach provided a reliable assessment of several parameters simultaneously and may serve as an accurate and sensitive approach for regional GI research in rats. Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology São Paulo State University Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Prof. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street Science and Technology Institute Federal University of São Paulo Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Ceará Ribeirão Preto Medical School São Paulo University Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology São Paulo State University Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Prof. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin Street

We report the case of long-term follow-up of brain magnetic imaging of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is often considered a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly. This case illustrates the markedly progressive clinical and radiological features of the vasculopathic process in 10 years.

Electron holography was invented for correcting aberrations of the lenses of electron microscopes. It was used to observe the atomic arrangements in crystals after decades of research. Then it was combined with a hardware aberration corrector to enable high-resolution and high-precision analysis. Its applications were further extended to magnetic observations with sub-nanometer resolution. High-resolution electron holography has become a powerful technique for observing electromagnetic distributions in functional materials.

The gold standard for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is prostate biopsy. However, it remines controversial as an invasive mean for patients with PSA levels in the gray zone (4–10 ng/mL). This study aimed to develop strategy to reduce the unnecessary prostate biopsy. We retrospectively identified 235 patients with serum total PSA testing in the gray zone before prostate biopsy between 2014 and 2018. Age, PSA derivates, prostate volume and multiparametric magnetic imaging (mpMRI) examination were assessed as predictors for PCa and clinically significant PCa with Gleason score ≥ 7 (CSPCa). Univariate analysis showed that prostate volume, PSAD, and mpMRI examination were significant predictors of PCa and CSPCa (P P = 0.003) and CSPCa (P = 0.036) among patients with PSA level in the gray zone. At the same level of sensitivity as the mpMRI examination to diagnose PCa, applying the multivariate models could reduce the number of biopsies by 5% compared with mpMRI examination. Overall, our results supported the view that the multivariate model could reduce unnecessary biopsies without compromising the ability to diagnose PCa and CSPCa. Further prospective validation is required.

Functional resonance magnetic imaging (fMRI) allows for identification of eloquent cortex in pre-treatment planning. Previous studies have shown a correlation among lesion to activation distance (LAD) measures and morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the relationship between LAD, well-established language centers (Wernicke’s and Broca’s), and language performance measures. We included a sample population of brain tumor patients that received language fMRI (verbal fluency and sentence verification) for pre-treatment assessment (n = 51). LAD to the nearest language area was measured and divided into groups ≤ 10 mm and > 10 mm. Verbal fluency scores were compared between these groups. Additionally, patients were divided into similar groups based on LAD to either Broca’s or Wernicke’s areas, and the verbal fluency scores and sentence verification accuracy (n = 29) were subsequently compared between groups. Brain tumor patients with LAD ≤ 10 mm to either language area had significantly lower verbal fluency scores (p = 0.028). The difference in verbal fluency scores between groups with LAD ≤ 10 mm and > 10 mm to Wernicke’s area trends toward significance (p = 0.067). The sentence verification accuracy was significantly lower in patients with LAD ≤ 10 mm to either language area (p = 0.039). These findings suggest that there exists a significant relationship between LAD to language centers and measures; greater language deficits are seen when LAD ≤ 10 mm.

Purpose Clinical indicators of histological information are important for breast cancer treatment and operational decision making, but these histological data suffer from frequent missing values due to various experimental/clinical reasons. The limited amount of histological information from breast cancer samples impedes the accuracy of data imputation. The purpose of this study was to impute missing histological data, including Ki-67 expression level, luminal A subtype, and histological grade, by integrating tumor radiomics. Methods To this end, a deep matrix completion (DMC) method was proposed for imputing missing histological data using nonmissing features composed of histological and tumor radiomics (termed radiohistological features). DMC finds a latent nonlinear association between radiohistological features across all samples and samples for all the features. Radiomic features of morphologic, statistical and texture features were extracted from dynamic enhanced magnetic imaging (DCE-MRI) inside the tumor. Experiments on missing histological data imputation were performed with a variable number of features and missing data rates. The performance of the DMC method was compared with those of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and collaborative filtering (MCF)-based data imputation methods. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of missing histological data imputation. Results By integrating radiomics from DCE-MRI, the DMC method showed significantly better performance in terms of AUC than that using only histological data. Additionally, DMC using 120 radiomic features showed an optimal prediction performance (AUC = 0.793), which was better than the NMF (AUC = 0.756) and MCF methods (AUC = 0.706; corrected p = 0.001). The DMC method consistently performed better than the NMF and MCF methods with a variable number of radiomic features and missing data rates. Conclusions DMC improves imputation performance by integrating tumor histological and radiomics data. This study transforms latent imaging-scale patterns for interactions with molecular-scale histological information and is promising in the tumor characterization and management of patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

We provide an overview of the experimental techniques, measurement modalities, and diverse applications of the quantum diamond microscope (QDM). The QDM employs a dense layer of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers near the surface of a transparent diamond chip on which a sample of interest is placed. NV electronic spins are coherently probed with microwaves and optically initialized and read out to provide spatially resolved maps of local magnetic fields. NV fluorescence is measured simultaneously across the diamond surface, resulting in a wide-field, two-dimensional magnetic field image with adjustable spatial pixel size set by the parameters of the imaging system. NV measurement protocols are tailored for imaging of broadband and narrowband fields, from DC to GHz frequencies. Here we summarize the physical principles common to diverse implementations of the QDM and review example applications of the technology in geoscience, biology, and materials science.

PurposeNegative surgical margins status is of extreme importance for better prognosis and lower recurrence rate in patients undergoing surgical treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Standard histopathology is time consuming and current optical procedures come with various limitations. We examined the potential of a new imaging technique-opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) in discriminating tumor (OSCC) from adjacent non-tumor oral cavity tissue.MethodsA total of 46 samples from 21 patients were included in this study. Samples were taken from a fresh surgical specimen of primary OSCC. Digital imaging of samples was performed within 60 min of resection using OMIS device. Images were processed through a specifically designed convolution algorithm based on light-matter interaction. As a result a convolution spectrum was generated. Predictive value of spectral data was assessed using correlation tests and Naive Bayes classification model.ResultsThere was no significant correlation in distribution of characteristic peaks between tumor and non-tumor tissue (P>0.05). Tumor tissue showed more magnetic activity compared to non-tumor tissue. Naive Bayes classifier with kernel density estimation discriminated tumor from non-tumor tissue with the accuracy of 82.61%, 86.96% sensitivity, 78.26% specificity and the AUC value of 0.917.ConclusionOMIS seems to be a promising optical method for ex vivo characterization of OSCC and non-tumor tissue. Further investigation is necessary to determine how tissue type and level of pathological transformation impact OMIS results. Ultimately, this could aid surgeons in using this method as an in vivo indicator for surgical resection with safe margins.

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, has been reported with an altered brain connectivity pattern in the sensory network using resting-state functional magnetic imaging (rs-fMRI) compared to typical developing participants (TDs). However, there is still no consistent conclusion. In the current study, we investigated the alterations of the intra-network and inter-network connectivity pattern relating to sensory in children with ASD compared with TDs, and further assessed whether these alterations are associated with autistic behavioral symptoms. Methods rs-fMRI was used to assess young boys with ASD (N=29) and TD (N=29), aged 3-7-years. Groups were matched for age and handiness. Spatial patterns of the sensory rest state networks (RSNs) were obtained using group Independent component analysis (ICA) method, and between-groups differences were evaluated within each sensory network. Then, the time series of each RSN were extracted from each participant preprocessed data. Correlation analysis was assessed among intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) and symptom severity in children with ASD. Results Four sensory components were identified, including auditory network (AN), higher visual network (HVN), primary visual network (PVN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). Functional images revealed two sensory networks exhibiting significant increased FCs in ASD group, located within AN and SMN. Higher positive connectivity between PVN and HVN in ASD group is associated with symptom severity. Conclusion Current study might shed light that the abnormal connectivity patterns of sensory network regions may underlie impaired higher-order multisensory integration in ASD children, and social impairment of ASD are caused probably by aberrant FCs involving inter/intra- sensory network.

Functional connectivity networks (FCNs) based on the resting-state functional magnetic imaging (rs-fMRI) can help to enhance our knowledge and understanding of brain function, and have been applied to diagnosis of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Traditional methods usually extract meaningful measures (e.g., local clustering coefficients) from FCNs as (handcrafted) features for training the model. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used to learn (embedded) features from FCNs for classification. However, few work explores to integrate both kinds of features (i.e., handcrafted features from traditional methods and embedded features from DNN methods), although these features may convey complementary information for further improving the classification performance. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a novel learning framework to integrate the handcrafted features from traditional method and embedded features from DNN method for classification of brain disease with rs-fMRI data. Experimental results on 174 subjects with baseline rs-fMRI data from the ADNI demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods against several existing methods.

We present an imaging modality that enables detection of magnetic moments and their resulting stray magnetic fields. We use wide-field magnetic imaging that employs a diamond-based magnetometer and has combined magneto-optic detection (e.g. magneto-optic Kerr effect) capabilities. We employ such an instrument to image magnetic (stripe) domains in multilayered ferromagnetic structures., 7 pages

Encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles are of increasing interest for biomedical applications. However, up to now, it is still not possible to characterize their localized magnetic properties within the capsules. Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) has proved to be a suitable technique to image magnetic nanoparticles at ambient conditions revealing information about the spatial distribution and the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles simultaneously. However, MFM measurements on magnetic nanoparticles lead to falsifications of the magnetic MFM signal due to the topographic crosstalk. The origin of the topographic crosstalk in MFM has been proven to be capacitive coupling effects due to distance change between the substrate and tip measuring above the nanoparticle. In this paper, we present data fusion of the topography measurements of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the phase image of MFM measurements in combination with the theory of capacitive coupling in order to eliminate the topographic crosstalk in the phase image. This method offers a novel approach for the magnetic visualization of encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles. This research was funded by the European Funds of Regional Development (EFRE), grant number 84004058, co-funded by the German state Rhineland-Palatinate and Karl Otto Braun GmbH and Co. Kg. Mobius, H (corresponding author), Univ Appl Sci Kaiserslautern, Dept Comp Sci Micro Syst Technol, Amerika Str 1, D-66482 Zweibrucken, Germany. marc.fuhrmann@hs-kl.de; anna.musyanovych@imm.fraunhofer.de; ronald.thoelen@uhasselt.be; Sibylle.von.Bomhard@imm.fraunhofer.de; hildegard.moebius@hs-kl.de

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening infection of immunocompromised patients with Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous environmental mould. While there are numerous functioning antifungal therapies, their high cost, substantial side effects and fear of overt resistance development preclude permanent prophylactic medication of risk-patients. Hence, a fast and definitive diagnosis of IPA is desirable, to quickly identify those patients that really require aggressive antimycotic treatment and to follow the course of the therapeutic intervention. However, despite decades of research into this issue, such a diagnostic procedure is still not available. Here, we discuss the array of currently available methods for IPA detection and their limits. We then show that molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) combined with morphological computed tomography or magnetic imaging is highly promising to become a future non-invasive approach for IPA diagnosis and therapy monitoring, albeit still requiring thorough validation and relying on further acceptance and dissemination of the approach. Thereby, our approach using the A. fumigatus-specific humanized monoclonal antibody hJF5 labelled with 64Cu as PET-tracer has proven highly effective in pre-clinical models and hence bears high potential for human application.

Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI) is a novel multimodality imaging technique that provides optical absorption maps with high-resolution and quantitative accuracy. Here, we present the preliminary experimental validation results obtained using our new multi-wavelength PMI system.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy preferentially affects postmenopausal women (# 90%). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy mimics an acute coronary syndrome and is defined as a transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on the criteria of the Mayo Clinic. Stress is found in around 80% of cases: physical stress, emotional stress, medical stress. Physical stress is less found in women. Incidence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is 54.9/1,000,000 inhabitants in women versus only 3.6/1,000,000 inhabitants in men. Diagnosis is based on electrocardiogram, biomarkers, echocardiography, coronary angiography and left ventricular angiography, and cardiac magnetic imaging. The complete recovery of left ventricular systolic function must be assessed, allowing to confirm the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

At the Ketzin CO 2 storage site, Germany, an interdisciplinary, comprehensive monitoring concept focusses on the storage complex, the overburden, the surface and the wellbores. Well integrity as one key requirement for safe storage operation has been monitored by combined video inspection, pulsed neutron gamma logging PNG, magnetic imaging defectoscopy MID and continuous annuli pressure monitoring. The time-lapse MID derived casing thicknesses are within the production specifications, conform to the API standards, and provide no hints to time dependent changes or to any other signs of corrosion. The comprehensive monitoring data indicate well integrity throughout the entire Ketzin life-cycle.

We have been developing a 3He neutron spin filter (NSF) using a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) technique. The 3He NSF provides a high-energy polarized neutron beam with large beam size. A high-energy polarized neutron beam, which is more difficult to produce with commonly used magnetic supermirror-based polarizers, is an effective probe for magnetic imaging techniques, particularly in the case of strong magnetic fields. Additionally, an in-situ SEOP system enables us to produce a polarized neutron beam with stable polarization, which is big advantage for experiments with long measurement times. In this study, we installed two in-situ SEOP systems as a neutron spin polarizer and analyzer providing a stable high-energy polarized neutron beam over several days.

An efficient method of microwave-assisted synthesis of Sm3+-doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles of about 4.5 nm for magnetic imaging in biomedicine is proposed.

Introduction Superficial temporal artery aneurysms (STAAs) occur in 1% of arterial aneurysms; mostly (95%) are pseudoaneurysms following trauma; true aneurysms are rare (5%); forty-five cases are reported. Aim To report a rare case of a congenital STAAA. Case report A67-year-old patient recalled the existence of a true-histologically evidenced- aneurysm of the right superficial temporal artery since his childhood denying any head injury; it was resected through a horizontal skin incisure. Brain arteries' magnetic imaging was negative. Conclusion Spontaneous or congenital STAAs have to be removed respecting forehead lines. Intracranial vasculature must be investigated.

We have constructed an imaging device that is capable of showing the spatio-temporal distribution of magnetic flux density in real-time. The device employs a set of AMR (anisotropic magneto-resistance) three-axis magnetometers, which are arranged into a two-dimensional sensor array. All of the magnetic field values measured by the array are collected by a microcontroller, which pre-processes and sends the data to a PDU (processing and display unit) implemented on a smartphone/tablet or a computer. The interpolation algorithm and display software in the PDU present the field as a high-resolution video, thus, the device works as a magnetic field camera. In the experiments, we employ the camera to map the field distribution of the distorted ambient magnetic field caused by a hidden object. The obtained image of field shows both the position and shape of the object. We also demonstrate the capability of the device to image a loaded power-line cable carrying a 50 Hz alternating current.

We report magnetic microscopy of natural and synthetic malarial nanocrystals at room temperatureby using optically detected magnetic resonance imaging of near-surface diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers.

Background: Among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom. It can be subdivided into an effort-dependent (fatigability) and an effort-independent component (trait-fatigue). Objective: The objective was to disentangle activity changes associated with effort-independent “trait-fatigue” from those associated with effort-dependent fatigability in MS patients. Methods: This study employed behavioral measures and functional magnetic imaging to investigate neural changes in MS patients associated with fatigue. A total of 40 MS patients and 22 age-matched healthy controls performed in a fatigue-inducing N-back task. Effort-independent fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Scale of Motor and Cognition (FSMC) questionnaire. Results: Effort-independent fatigue was observed to be reflected by activity increases in fronto-striatal-subcortical networks primarily involved in the maintenance of homeostatic processes and in motor and cognitive control. Effort-dependent fatigue (fatigability) leads to activity decreases in attention-related cortical and subcortical networks. Conclusion: These results indicate that effort-independent (fatigue) and effort-dependent fatigue (fatigability) in MS patients have functionally related but fundamentally different neural correlates. Fatigue in MS as a general phenomenon is reflected by complex interactions of activity increases in control networks (effort-independent component) and activity reductions in executive networks (effort-dependent component) of brain areas.

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a widely used technique for magnetic imaging. Besides its advantages such as the high spatial resolution and the easy use in the characterization of relevant applied materials, the main handicaps of the technique are the lack of control over the tip stray field and poor lateral resolution when working under standard conditions. In this work, we present a convenient route to prepare high-performance MFM probes with sub-10 nm (sub-25 nm) topographic (magnetic) lateral resolution by following an easy and quick low-cost approach. This allows one to not only customize the tip stray field, avoiding tip-induced changes in the sample magnetization, but also to optimize MFM imaging in vacuum (or liquid media) by choosing tips mounted on hard (or soft) cantilevers, a technology that is currently not available on the market., This work was supported by grants CSD2010-00024 and MAT2013-48054-C2 from MINECO (Spain).

To make a further improvement of resolution, the 11 MeV low-energy pRad beamline at CAEP was rebuilt into a 1:3 magnifying imaging beamline recently. The principle of low-energy pRad and the design of magnifying pRad line are described in detail. By using magnetic imaging lens of magnification three, images are spread over larger area at image plane and the effect of optical system on spatial resolution limitation is weakened. According to the radiographing results, for 10 μm thick aluminum object, spatial resolution less than 30 μm is achieved on the new magnifying pRad beamline.

This paper presents a simple device for the investigation of the human somatosensory system with functional magnetic imaging (fMRI). PC-controlled pneumatic actuation is employed to produce innocuous or noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin. Stimulation patterns are synchronized with fMRI and other relevant physiological measurements like electroencephalographic activity and vital physiological parameters. The system allows adjustable regulation of stimulation parameters and provides consistent patterns of stimulation. A validation experiment demonstrates that the system safely and reliably identifies clusters of functional activity in brain regions involved in the processing of pain. This new device is inexpensive, portable, easy-to-assemble and customizable to suit different experimental requirements. It provides robust and consistent somatosensory stimulation, which is of crucial importance to investigating the mechanisms of pain and its strong connection with the sense of touch.

Stable ischemic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although there are multiple imaging modalities to diagnose and/or assist in the clinical management, the most cost-effective approach remains unclear. We reviewed the relevant and recent evidence-based clinical studies and trials to suggest the most cost-effective approach to stable ischemic heart disease. The limitations of these studies are discussed. Incorporating the results of recent multicenter trials, we suggest that for appropriate patients with coronary artery disease with any degree of stenosis or presence of coronary calcium, optimal medical therapy may be most cost-effective. Invasive coronary angiography and/or coronary revascularization would be primarily for non-responders or >/=50% left main stenosis. Stress cardiac magnetic imaging would be performed for those patients with non-diagnostic coronary CT angiography from motion and non-responders from optimal medical therapy in non-diagnostic coronary CT angiography group from high coronary calcium. These paths seem to be safe and cost-effective but requires modeling for confirmation.

We introduce a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) approach to account for temporal dynamics and dependencies in brain networks observed via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our approach directly parameterizes temporal dynamics through recurrent connections, which can be used to formulate blind source separation with a conditional (rather than marginal) independence assumption, which we call RNN-ICA. This formulation enables us to visualize the temporal dynamics of both first order (activity) and second order (directed connectivity) information in brain networks that are widely studied in a static sense, but not well-characterized dynamically. RNN-ICA predicts dynamics directly from the recurrent states of the RNN in both task and resting state fMRI. Our results show both task-related and group-differentiating directed connectivity., Accepted to Frontiers of Neuroscience

Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis is a powerful lab-based magnetic imaging technique offering simultaneous imaging of multiple magnetization components and a very high spatial resolution. However, one drawback of the technique is the long required acquisition time resulting from the low inherent efficiency of spin detection, which has limited the applicability of the technique to certain quasi-static measurement schemes and materials with high magnetic contrast. Here we demonstrate the ability to improve the signal-to-noise ratio for particular classes of measurements involving periodic excitation of the magnetic structure via the implementation of a digital phase-sensitive detection scheme facilitated by the integration of a time-to-digital converter to the system. The modified setup provides dynamic imaging capabilities using selected time windows and finally full time-resolved imaging with a demonstrated time resolution of better than 2 ns.

Magnetic imaging of superconductors typically requires a soft-magnetic material placed on top of the superconductor to probe local magnetic fields. For reasonable results the influence of the magnet onto the superconductor has to be small. Thin YBCO films with soft-magnetic coatings are investigated using SQUID magnetometry. Detailed measurements of the magnetic moment as a function of temperature, magnetic field and time have been performed for different heterostructures. It is found that the modification of the superconducting transport in these heterostructures strongly depends on the magnetic and structural properties of the soft-magnetic material. This effect is especially pronounced for an inhomogeneous coating consisting of ferromagnetic nanoparticles.

Secondary electrons emitted from a scanning fieldemission microscope are spin analyzed with a Mott detector. Spin polarization up to 15% is observed with a lateral resolution of less than 5 nm, with a potential resolution of even less than 1 nm. In this paper the proof of principle is conducted by comparing this method with a well-established method of spin mapping and with reference samples examined by these two microscopes.

Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI) is a novel diffuse optical imaging technique that yields high resolution optical absorption images. It is based on the measurement of the temperature increase of a given medium after its illumination with a near-infrared laser using Magnetic Resonance Thermometry (MRT). In this paper, we present the first multi-wavelengths PMI system able to provide oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration maps with high spatial and quantitative accuracy.

The study aims to analyze the presence of musculus psoas minor through axial magnetic resonance imaging obtained from national weightlifting athletes. The study included 12 men and 12 women national weightlifting athletes having trained regularly and participated in national and international tournaments. Axial imaging from the 12 th thoracic vertebrae to the trochanter minor of femur was taken by using 1.5 Tesla magnetic imaging device. In our study including 24 athlete participants in total, we found out that the muscle is generally present on double sides of 29.16%, on the right side only of 8.33% and on the left side only of 8.33% of the participants. The muscle was not present on 54.16% of the participants. As a result, we conclude that the absence of musculus psoas minor in weightlifting athletes may be considered as a disadvantage factor for athletic skills. © 2018 by authors, all rights reserved.

Between 10 and 15% of Parkinson disease (PD) cases can be traced to a genetically identified causative mutation which currently number over 40. This enables the study of both "at risk" populations for future development of PD and a unique sub-group of genetically determined patient population. Structural and functional magnetic imaging has the potential of assisting diagnosis, early detection and disease progression as it is relatively cheap and easy to implement. However, the large variety of imaging options and different analytical approaches hamper the pursuit of a unified imaging biomarker. This chapter details the current imaging options and summarizes the findings among both genetically determined patients with PD and their non-manifesting first degree relatives, speculating on possible compensational mechanisms while mapping future directions in order to better utilize MRI in the research of genetic PD.

Radiological imaging is an indispensable investigation for critically ill patients. Newer modalities (e.g. ultrasound, magnetic imaging) are also increasing in usefulness. This article addresses the commonly employed imaging investigations in critically ill patients, their indications and problems associated with them.

Background: Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) have a highly variable occurrence of aortic complications. Aortic tortuosity is often present in MFS and may help to identify patients at risk for aortic complications.Methods: 3D-visualization of the total aorta by MR imaging was performed in 211 adult MFS patients (28% with prior aortic root replacement) and 20 controls. A method to assess aortic tortuosity (aortic tortuosity index: ATI) was developed and reproducibility was tested. The relation between ATI and age, and body size and aortic dimensions at baseline was investigated. Relations between ATI at baseline and the occurrence of a clinical endpoint (aortic dissection, and/or aortic surgery) and aortic dilatation rate during 3 years of follow-upwere investigated.Results: ATI intra-and interobserver agreements were excellent (ICC: 0.968 and 0.955, respectively). Mean ATI was higher in 28 age-matched MFS patients than in the controls (1.92 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.1, p = 0.048). In the total MFS cohort, mean ATI was 1.87 +/- 0.20, and correlated with age (r=0.281, p 1.95 had a 12.8 times higher probability of meeting the combined endpoint (log rank-test, p Conclusions: Increased ATI is associated with a more severe aortic phenotype in MFS patients. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Short circuit is a known defect in electronic devices and several non-destructive techniques have been developed in the last two decades in order to localize them. Magnetic microscopy is very efficient to localize leakage paths inside complex and packaged devices. Nevertheless, when the device under test has a normal inductive or capacitive path, the dynamic current consumption can be considerably higher than the leakage itself challenging the defective path localization. This paper will detail the possibilities given by the magnetic imaging to observe this kind of defect in conditions where the basic use would normally be unable to, since a capacitive and/or an inductive device would blind it. A test vehicle has been realized in order to evaluate this new use of the magnetic imaging. Finally, a piezo-actuator component is then studied in order to prove the concept.

Background: Coronal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values have gradually become applied (following conventional axial DW-MRI) in the renal analysis. To explore whether data obtained using coronal DW-MRI are comparable with those derived using axial DW-MRI, this preliminary study sought to assess the agreement in renal ADC values between coronal DW-MRI and axial DW-MRI. Methods: Thirty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study; written consents were obtained. All subjects underwent respiratory-triggered axial and coronal DW-MRI using a 1.5-MR system with b values of 0 and 800 s/mm 2 . The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the two DW-MRI sequences were measured and statistically compared using the paired t-test. The extent of agreement of ADC values of the upper pole, mid-pole, and lower pole of the kidney; the mean ADC values of the left kidney and right kidney; and the mean ADC values of the bilateral kidneys were evaluated via calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) or Bland-Altman method between the two DW-MRI sequences. Results: The SNR of coronal DW-MR images was statistically inferior to that of axial DW-MR images (P < 0.001). The ICCs of the ADC values of each region of interest, and the mean ADC values of bilateral kidneys, between the two sequences, were greater than 0.5, and the mean ADCs of the bilateral kidneys demonstrated the highest ICC (0.869; 95% confidence interval: 0.739-0.935). In addition, 94.1% (32/34), 94.1% (32/34), and 97.1% (31/34) of the ADC bias was inside the limits of agreement in terms of the mean ADC values of the left kidneys, right kidneys, and bilateral kidneys when coronal and axial DWI-MRI were compared. Conclusions: ADC values derived using coronal DW-MRI exhibited moderate-to-good agreement to those of axial DW-MRI, rendering the former an additional useful DW-MRI method, and causing the ADC values derived using the two types of DW-MRI to be comparable.

Patients with transposition of the great arteries treated with either a Mustard or Senning atrial switch palliation are often referred for assessment with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Frequent indications for scanning include quantifying systemic right ventricular function, assessing patency of the venous pathways, finding baffle leaks, measuring systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation, or detecting myocardial fibrosis. This review discusses the various techniques available for CMR imaging in this setting, an approach to obtaining reliable images, strategies and pitfalls to consider, and variations between centers to understand. The goal is to enable providers to obtain a thorough yet efficient study that adequately addresses the patient's clinical needs.

Accurate diagnosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy has substantial prognostic implications in an intensive care unit, given its increased mortality risk and association with life-threatening complications. This report seeks to discuss diagnostic modalities that can be useful in accurately differentiating Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy from Acute Coronary Syndrome, and also briefly discuss prevention and management of this cardiomyopathy in an intensive care unit. For severely critically ill Takotsubo patients with relative contraindications to angiography, intensive clinicians can consider establishing presumptive diagnosis noninvasively by specific electrocardiogram changes, distinctive marked release of cardiac enzymes, characteristic echocardiogram findings, and accurate cardiac magnetic imaging.

We recently introduced a new high-resolution diffuse optical imaging technique termed photo-magnetic imaging (PMI), which utilizes magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) to monitor the 3D temperature distribution induced in a medium illuminated with a near-infrared light. The spatiotemporal temperature distribution due to light absorption can be accurately estimated using a combined photon propagation and heat diffusion model. High-resolution optical absorption images are then obtained by iteratively minimizing the error between the measured and modeled temperature distributions. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of PMI with experimental studies using tissue simulating agarose phantoms. In this Letter, we present the preliminary ex vivo PMI results obtained with a chicken breast sample. Similarly to the results obtained on phantoms, the reconstructed images reveal that PMI can quantitatively resolve an inclusion with a 3 mm diameter embedded deep in a biological tissue sample with only 10% error. These encouraging results demonstrate the high performance of PMI in ex vivo biological tissue and its potential for in vivo imaging. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America.

We present first results on the imaging of the two dimensional magnetic field distributions using a recently developed magnetic field imaging camera (MFIC). The instrument is based on laser-pumped atomic magnetometry with an alkali vapour in a buffer gas. The device provides millimetre spatial and sub-second time resolution, and allows mapping the magnetic field from circa 2 cm2 surfaces. We apply the MFIC to image magnetic field patterns of deposited superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) and quantify the achieved sensitivity. We address the applicability of the instrument to in-vitro and in-vivo imaging of SPIONs distributions in biological tissue and small animals.

Remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. Traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. However, geological samples are often mineralogically and texturally heterogeneous at submillimeter scales, with only a fraction of the ferromagnetic grains carrying the remanent magnetization of interest. Therefore, characterizing this magnetization in such cases requires a technique capable of imaging magnetic fields at fine spatial scales and with high sensitivity. To address this challenge, we developed a new instrument, based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, which enables direct imaging of magnetic fields due to both remanent and induced magnetization, as well as optical imaging, of room-temperature geological samples with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit. We describe the operating principles of this device, which we call the quantum diamond microscope (QDM), and report its optimized image-area-normalized magnetic field sensitivity (20 µT⋅µm/Hz1/2), spatial resolution (5 µm), and field of view (4 mm), as well as trade-offs between these parameters. We also perform an absolute magnetic field calibration for the device in different modes of operation, including three-axis (vector) and single-axis (projective) magnetic field imaging. Finally, we use the QDM to obtain magnetic images of several terrestrial and meteoritic rock samples, demonstrating its ability to resolve spatially distinct populations of ferromagnetic carriers., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Planetary Major Equipment Program (NNX15AH72G), United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emerging Worlds Program, National Science Foundation (U.S.). Integrated Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE) Program (grant EAR 1647504), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Electronics, Photonics and Magnetic Devices Program (grant 1408075), United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Quantum Assisted Sensing And Readout Program (contract HR0011‐11‐C‐0073), Thomas F. Peterson Jr. (generous gift)

Magnetometers have recently become a built-in feature in most tablets and smartphones around the globe.

Visualization of the inner ear has been performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In the patients with BPPV, our recent findings indicate the thickness of some internal auditory canal (IAC) nerves narrower than the thickness of healthy subjects. The thickness of the IAC and its nerves are measured using brain MRI images. The cross sectional area (CSA) of a nerve is assumed as its thickness. Some statistical measurement and a statistical classification are performed on the CSA data to investigate any relation between IAC, the nerves and BPPV.

Wake is the hydrodynamic footprint of a vessel at sea. The Earth’s magnetic field makes these footprints visible using magnetic sensors. Magnetic wakes induced by the motion of vessels may extend several kilometers and stay up long hours under certain conditions. From remote sensing point of view, in this work physical properties of this magnetic pattern are studied. A mathematical model is derived to simulate the magnetic wakes in a finite depth sea. Estimation of vessel traveling direction using single airborne sensors is reviewed and some problems in this method are remarked. A multi-sensor arrangement of magnetic transducers is proposed to remove these limitations. Estimation of vessel traveling direction with the proposed sensor configuration is performed. Robustness of the proposed method in dealing with Gaussian white noise and various target cutting angles is shown.