Search

Life-saving medicines are produced by manufacturing pharmaceutical companies (MPCs) with operations worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unequal access to vaccines, which led to advocacy around health rights and MPCs needing to prioritise saving lives over profits. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of board members of the largest listed MPCs in South Africa regarding the presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, as custodians of medicines. A snowball sampling method was used to identify board members of the listed MPCs on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The board members were approached and requested to participate in their capacity. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Transcription, coding and narrative thematic analysis was applied under five (5) themes with emerging themes identified. A theoretical framework was developed to describe pharmacists at the strategic leadership of an MPC. The data collected were from five (5) respondents (80% male and 20% female), with a mean age of 57 years (SD±=2,24), from medical, business and pharmacy professional backgrounds. The respondents indicated a limited presence of pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs, especially the larger ones. The reasons for the limited presence included the narrow diversity of corporate and leadership skills necessary to lead at a strategic level by pharmacists. Some of the barriers to entry into strategic leadership by pharmacists included the lack of recognition of pharmacy specialisations by the regulator of the pharmacy profession, a mismatch of skills of a graduate and what the industry needs and inadequate governance of the pharmacy profession in South Africa. The respondents agreed that having a pharmacist with ambition, business skills, and experience would benefit the MPC and users of products manufactured. The role and need for pharmacists in the strategic leadership of MPCs was established. It is clear, however, that while pharmacists have value in the leadership of MPCs, their entry should be supported by diversifying their skills in business, leadership and corporate management to extend their value beyond the technical level.

This study aims to explore corruption as a form of misconduct recorded in the South African public service in general. The systematic analysis of literary sources and methods for addressing the misconduct issue suggests that there are reasons for the wrongdoing that impede good governance and hinder efficient public sector governance. The reasons could be socio-economic, political, and institutional. The article explicitly explores institutional reasons for misconduct in public service. This study emphasises that encouraging good governance in the South African public service would remain difficult if the everyday occurrences of wrongdoing and corruption are not properly handled, making this scientific problem decision-relevant. The investigation in the article is carried out in the following order: the conceptual framework of the South African public service is described, followed by a discussion of the contextual framework and a detailed examination of the institutional reasons for corruption. Corruption is examined as a kind of wrongdoing that may obstruct good governance in the public service. Conceptual and document analysis were the methodological tools used in the study procedures. A desktop review of the available literature and the official legislation and regulatory papers necessary for the research are included in the methodological instruments of the research procedures. Corruption as misconduct is contextually analysed using qualitative research approaches. The results show that in every organisation and department of public administration are recalcitrant elements that oppose the order of authority and policy due to differences of opinion or outlook, and if no precautionary or reactionary measures are taken, management may be compromised. The article's conclusion makes suggestions for policy modifications and remedial actions tailored to South Africa's circumstances. Although corruption is not a new problem, there has to be continual discussion and involvement between stakeholders in order to develop solutions that are country-specific.

The purpose of this study is twofold, first to explore the relationships among service quality dimensions and customer loyalty in the life insurance sector. The second aim is to find the sequence of significant service dimensions in predicting customer loyalty. A total sample of 431 customers from the top five private life insurance companies were surveyed. The multi-analytic approach: a combination of structural equation modeling and neural network model was used for the analytical process. The results from structural equation modeling revealed a significant and positive association of six service dimensions namely responsiveness, service availability, tangibility, reliability, assurance, and empathy with loyalty intentions of customers. The result of the neural network model showed that reliability is the best predictor of customer loyalty followed by responsiveness, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and service availability. The application of a multi-analytic approach (a combination of structural equation modeling and neural network) for understanding service quality-customer loyalty relationship can be of great help to private life insurance companies who are devising service strategies to influence loyalty intentions of customers to gain a competitive advantage in the market.

Sustainable Development Goals are the main aim of India, to be achieved by 2030. Poverty alleviation and gender equality are two important Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve these two goals, the Indian government launched a slew of initiatives. One such initiative is the skill development programme. Education-related unemployment is the main problem faced by Kerala. The Kerala government, in collaboration with Neighborhood Group Kudumbashree, launched a lot of skill development programmes not only for women but also for youth, rural, and minority groups. The present study focuses on the effectiveness of skill development initiatives in generating employment from the perspective of women trainees. Using a simple random sampling method, primary data were collected from 60 female trainees in the Palakkad district. The data is gathered using a questionnaire. Percentage, mean value, Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and independent sample t test are used for analysing the collected data. The results of a one-way ANOVA test show the influence of age and education qualification on trainees' perceptions of skill development initiatives. According to the findings of the study, the need for skill has an effect on overall satisfaction with the program. The study concludes that programmes are effective in imparting skills and knowledge. However, in order to study the course thoroughly, the syllabus should be expanded and the number of practical training hours increased.

Globally eCommerce potential is expanding at 55% of CAGR and accounts for 30% of global GDP growth as per the report generated by NASSCOM and Statista. The eCommerce industry's sustainability, on the other hand, is dependent on rising consumer engagement using tailored virtual experiential techniques. Hence, the focus of this study is on the links among the factors that influence sustainable client engagement via virtual experiential approaches. After reviewing 44 ABDC-indexed literature and utilising the nominal group technique, a list of 19 parameters influencing virtual experiential methods was identified. The driving force-dependency quadrant graph is then built using cross-impact matrix multiplication, and the hierarchical structure of each factor is identified using the ISM soft approach. Resultantly, immersive technologies were identified as the main VET driver for generating long-term customer engagement. This study will help decision-makers create proactive plans and regulations to strengthen operational models and boost the eCommerce industry's sustainable growth.

Trade credit is vital for the survival of financial constrained SMEs, especially during the crisis. Companies act as both the proposers and recipients of trade credit. Credit proposed by companies for goods and services is represented by accounts receivable whereas credit is received by accounts payable. The present study focuses on determining the key component between accounts receivable and accounts payable. Further, it is estimating the causal relationship between trade credits offered and availed for the period 2011 to 2020 in Indian BSE small-cap manufacturing companies. The analysis is relevant in determining a company’s trade policy and working capital decisions. The analysis is carried out by panel unit root and co-integration test, followed by panel vector error-correction model and pairwise Granger causality test. Test results of the paper showed that in the short term, there is a one-way interaction from accounts receivable to accounts payable. This indicates that accounts receivable are deriving accounts payable, in terms of amount in the short run. In the long run, (a) in terms of amount, there is a one-way equilibrium connection between accounts receivable and payable & indicates that accounts payable is the dominant component and accounts receivable is the compromising component and (b) in terms of duration, there is two-way equilibrium relationship between accounts receivable days and accounts payable days so the researcher is unable to determine dominant component. The pairwise Granger causality result also confirmed the result of the VECM test.

India is producing over 1 million youth per month resulting in ameliorating economy and a high attrition rate in the workforce, therefore employers must leverage their benefits to perpetuate, nurture their rising workforce & avoid a shortfall in their talent pipeline to stay sustainable & be Employer of Choice. Corporates must develop a suitable compensation strategy to stay competitive and engage their workforce because employees depend mainly on wages and salaries which must be equivalent to their work done. In light of these, it is very much essential for the author to consciously evaluate human capital indicators that are impacting the compensation in Indian IT Companies. This paper aims to evaluate five different machine learning classifier algorithms to predict the topmost important features and the best model for IT compensation based on a survey of 1170 IT professional responses across 61 organizations collected in the NCR region. Due diligence has been given to evaluate the most accurate classifier based on the accuracy score. The result indicated that Random forest regression performs better with a mean absolute error of 0.07 degrees and an accuracy of 99.63%. The finding of the study reflects that the top important variables in determining CTC are Experience, Institution from which the candidate graduated, education, and the Skillset that the individual possesses. These variables have a greater impact on compensation designing and act as strong predictors while other variables are marginally insignificant for predicting the compensation of IT sector employees. Moreover, this study could be beneficial for job seekers and employers looking to hire top talent for their organizations. As the Deep Learning model requires a huge amount of data which was limited in this case, therefore, the researcher could not employ them.

Exports across the globe have gone through structural change which has also led to diversification of export basket of the economies around the world. At present the world is witnessing a shift towards medium and high technology exports as compared to low technology and natural resource based exports. More competency in high technology based production of goods and their and exports can be a very important key factor in the growth and development of an economy. As the high technology exports play a very crucial role in the growth and development of an economy, the present study attempts to study the growth of India’s high-tech exports and secondly to find out the impact of import of intermediate goods and inward FDI on India’s High-tech export performance. Two control variables namely R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP and economic freedom level represented by index of economic freedom are also taken into the studying order to take up the analysis. This study uses simple and multivariate regression model for the purpose of empirical analysis. In this study, value of high-tech exports has been taken as the dependent variable and on the other hand imports of intermediate goods, inward FDI, R&D expenditure and index of economic freedom are four independent variables. Results in the study show that, Firstly, high-tech exports performance has improved over the last two decades and secondly, both import of intermediate goods and inward FDI has a significant positive impact on the growth of India’s High-tech exports.

The key purpose of this study is to gauge the effect of yearly union budgets spanning from 2010 to 2021 through observing yields and volatility in the Indian bourse. Overall, 12 union budgets are considered in the Indian scenario. Further, the present work strives to relate the market returns with the investment activities adopted by foreign institutional investors (FII) and domestic institutional investors (DII). The event, i.e., the proclamation of the budget happens on February 1 every year and therefore 60 trading days which are sub-divided into 30 days before the budget and 30 days subsequent to the budget has been analyzed in the study. Moreover, the event window of 60 days has been bifurcated into a period of pre-and post-3 days, pre-and post- 15 days, and pre-and post- 30 days around the budget. Paired samples T-statistic and F-test have been used in the current study. The results suggest that the medium-term returns are significantly influenced by union budgets. The volatility is greatest in the short-term period subsequent to the budget proclamation and it reduces with increasing time. One startling thing to observe is that falling returns and rising volatility in the short-term period post-budget are due to the selling activities of foreign investors. It is recommended to hold the stocks in the post-budget short-term period irrespective of the falling returns till the long-term to book profits.

This paper aims (i) to identify the parental perception of alpha kids’ influence on general buying decisions, and (ii) to examine the impact of alpha kids’ demographics (age, gender, and sibling) on the influence exerted by them in general buying decisions in families in India during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is based on a cross-sectional survey approach. Primary data for the study was obtained in February 2021 through a structured questionnaire generated on Google Forms from a sample of mothers of 400 alpha children (aged 8-11 years) from rural and urban areas of Delhi (India). Notable findings that emerged from this study revealed that Indian parents perceive their alpha kids to exert significant influence in general buying decisions and this influence is moderated to some extent by the age, gender, and birth order of the children. The results of this study extend interesting theoretical and practical implications for marketers and practitioners to have a better understanding of family consumption behavior in India. Marketers must take note of these observations while designing and implementing marketing mix strategies in respect of various goods and services meant for children/family consumption in India to sustain the impact of the Covid -19 pandemic.

This empirical investigation attempts to trace the HR function enablers that contributed to organisational recoverability during the COVID19 crisis. The study adopts a dual approach of gaining the employee perspective as well as HR perspective of ten organisations operating in the national capital region of Delhi, India. A causal survey design was adopted to gain employee perspective through the analysis of quantitative data. The dependent variable of organisational recoverability was studied in relation to the independent variables of HR communication, HR support, HR collaboration, HR agility, HR anticipation of a crisis, and employee engagement. In the second phase of the study, HR managers of ten organisations were interviewed to gain insights into HR initiatives during COVID19. The quantitative data was subjected to machine learning analysis (Rstudio, Random Forest) & qualitative data was analysed through content analysis. The results indicate that Employee Engagement, HR support, HR agility, & HR anticipation of crisis emerged as predictors for organisational recoverability. The emerging themes of qualitative interviews were - HR initiatives, HR communication, HR empowerment, employee engagement, knowledge management, and organisational learning. The study has implications for HR professionals and academicians.

Organisational culture plays a significant role in promoting the success of an enterprise. The study focuses on the impact of two dimensions of organisational culture: Developmental Culture (DC) and Relational Culture (RC). The mediating role of psychological capital between the dimensions of organisational culture and employee job performance is explored. The study is conducted on the financial and education sector of India. The model is tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The indirect effect of the cultural dimensions is found to be significant with psychological capital acting as a full mediator. The direct effect of organisational cultural dimensions is not significant on performance.

The study aims to recognize the behavioral biases that influence the decisions making process and investment decisions of retail investors while investing in stocks of insurance and pharmaceutical sector stocks. The paper also aims at checking the moderating effect of the preferred sector of investment on these relationships. The conceptual model derived from past literature was checked for its reliability and validity, using measurement model assessment and structural model assessment. Hypothesis or the study were tested using bootstrapping in PLS-SEM. The result of the study revealed that heuristics and prospects have significant influence, while herd behavior has no significant influence on investor’s investment decisions while investing in insurance or pharmaceutical sector securities. The results of the moderation test infer that the relation of heuristic and prospect with investment decision is moderated by the preferred sector of investment. A clear picture of these biases and their influence, established by the findings of the study, would lead to a better understanding of the same and help prevent investors from making erroneous decisions while investing. Investment decisions that are sound and free from behavioral bias, would lead to better financial return, and achievement of investor’s investment goals. The sector-wise effect of investment bias will also help the investors in taking corrective measures.

This paper examines the Capital Structure of companies classified based on nationality over two-time phases as 2008-09 to 2012-13 and 2013-14 to 2017-18 covering ten years. For each category of companies, the mean of three gearing ratios i.e., Total debt to Net worth ratio, Long term debt to Net worth ratio and Short term debt to Net worth ratio is assessed. The analysis is based on a randomized sample of 206 companies obtained from BT-500 (December, 2017) which are subcategorized on the basis of nationality as Indian Domestic Companies, Indian MNCs operating abroad and Foreign MNCs operating in India. The findings reveal that Domestic Indian companies are more inclined towards debt relative to Indian MNCs and Foreign MNCs over both the time phases. This signifies the importance of the nationality factor which must be contemplated while planning Capital Structure. Statistically significant differences in total and long-term debt ratios of Domestic Indian Companies and Indian MNCs between Phase I and Phase II highlight the significance of the time factor which should also be kept in mind before taking leverage decisions. Overall, the paper suggests the corporations to have beady eyes on the institutional environment of geographical territories in which they operate as well as the time variations before planning their debt structure. The disparities in the debt ratios across nationality and time warrant an empirical investigation of the causes behind them, so examining the determinants of Capital Structure of DCs and MNCs would be an interesting area of research in the future.

Covid 19 or the Novel Corona Virus outbreak in 2020 has disrupted the world and Indian economy. Tourism industry has suffered the most due to this outbreak. The hotel industry stocks have experience an average fall of twenty three percent within a month of the Covid 19 outbreak. With the help of event-study approach, an attempt has been made to analyse the effect of Covid 19 on Indian hotel stock price movements. Six publicly traded hotel and tourism companies experience a steep fall in their stock prices during the Covid 19 outbreak period. On and after the day the World Health Organisation declared Covid 19 a pandemic, Indian hotel stocks exhibited significant negative cumulative mean abnormal returns, indicating a significant impact of the Covid 19 outbreak on hotel stock performance. Empirical finding can enable Businesses to prepare themselves for alternate uses like isolation wards and save themselves from economic plight.

The present study investigates the effect of supervisor support and co-worker support on employees' organizational commitment by incorporating the role of work-family conflict as a mediator. Primary data were collected from 353 employees working in the service sector of India. Partial least square structural equational modelling in Smart PLS software was used for analysis. Results confirm that supervisor support significantly influence the organizational commitment of the employees. Work-family conflict act as a mediator between the relationship of supervisor support and organizational commitment. There is no significant effect of co-worker support on organizational commitment. Work-family conflict does not mediate between the relationship of co-worker support and organizational commitment. This study explains the importance of supportiveness from the supervisor in an industrializing country like India. It also provides an insight to the management in realizing the need to provide sensitivity training to the supervisors and the fact that special attention should be given while hiring the supervisors. This research will be useful to the management, researchers, policymakers, and society at large.

In the literature, it is noted that a portfolio of value stocks outperforms a portfolio of growth stocks and this phenomenon is called value anomaly. This study explores the behavior of value anomaly in the Indian stock markets over a period from December 2008 to December 2019. This study has taken a dataset collected over a longer time span as compared to all previous studies, it studies the effect of holding period (one to five years) and portfolio formation time (quarter-end). We find time varying behaviour of the value anomaly which were previously unexplored. Earlier researchers have found systematic risk and size to be significant factors that contribute to value anomaly. Controlling for systematic risk and size, we find them in our study size to be a significant factor in explaining the return differential between value and growth portfolios and thus, help us in understanding the behaviour of value analysis in Indian stock markets.

This research has investigated the factors which has affected consumers attitude towards adoption of mobile wallet and furthermore it has explored that does attitude has any impact on consumers adoption towards mobile wallet? The study has evaluated the moderating effect of financial incentives between attitude and adoption of mobile wallet. The study uses the sample of 454 college going students, professionals and non professionals. Confirmatory factor analysis was done because the measurement tools wad adapted one. Further, Structural Equation Modeling was used to validate the relationship between different variables. Moderator was assessed using PROCESS Macro where financial incentives have taken as moderator. The result of the study highlights that first, there is a significant impact between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, trust and situational factors on attitude of consumers. Second, it was evident from the result of the study that attitude has significant impact on adoption of mobile wallet. Third, it was also found that financial incentives have significant moderating effect between attitude and adoption of mobile wallet. The study is done with a sample of 454 with two types of people first, college students, professionals and non professionals from Delhi -NCR Region only. The result of the study cannot be generalized in case of users belonging to other groups and places. The findings of the research suggest that as the number of people using smart phones are increasing, people are findings it easier to make payment through various mobile applications. These mobile apps can be customized keeping in mind the nature of users. Simplification of application and some visible incentives will definitely affect the attitude of people to use mobile wallet. Uses of wallet can be popularized among people in B and C grades cities also. The current study has contributed in the domain of financial transactions. The study has added two new variables i.e. situational factors and financial incentives. The result of the study suggests that situational factors have significant impact on attitude whereas financial incentives have moderating effect between attitude and adoption of mobile wallets.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of attractiveness of consumer endorser, trustworthiness of consumer endorser and expertise of consumer endorser on review and rating given by consumer endorser. The source credibility model has been used for the purpose of this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: The final data of 249 samples of age group between 17 to more than 45 years of age was analysed for the purpose of this study. The data was collected through Google forms (online). The statements in questionnaire were based on source credibility model. For purpose of the study null hypothesises were formed and tested. Regression was performed to test the hypothesis of the study. SPSS and AMOS are used to test the hypothesis in the current study. Findings: It is evident from the result of the study that all null hypotheses got rejected. Which reflects that attractiveness of consumer endorser, trustworthiness of consumer endorser and expertise of consumer endorser have significant impact on review and rating by consumer endorser. Limitation: The source credibility model has been studied with reference to consumer endorsement creating customer value. Further researches can include purchase intention of consumer as and when affected by endorsement. Review and ratings impact on consumer’s attitude and purchasing pattern can be studied by future researchers. Different industries and sectors can also be part of study. Originality/Value: The study can be used to understand what is the relevance of review and rating done by consumer endorse? It has huge managerial implication which signifies that attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise of consumer endorser play a crucial role. The results can help many researchers of consumer behaviour; managers engaged in advertisement planning and brand management for a better way of communication of product and services as a part of usefulness and usage to end users.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of YouTube Vlogs on consumers' purchase intention with the mediating role of perceived source credibility and previous experience of consumers in using the product as a moderator. Research data were obtained through questionnaires by the method of convenience sampling, distributed among Indian females who often use YouTube for watching videos. The study was conducted in Punjab and Chandigarh Tricity. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed through the social networks from which 170 responses were obtained. While analyzing the data, 20 questionnaires got discarded because of missing and invalid responses. Therefore, a total of 150 questionnaires were analyzed for results. The technique of regression analysis and Model 5 of PROCESS version 3.4 for IBM SPSS with bootstrap 5000 was used to analyse the data. The research found that YouTube vlogs have a significant effect on influencing consumers' purchase intention. YouTube vloggers were perceived as trustworthy, expert, and attractive by consumers. However, the relationship between YouTube vlogs and purchase intention was not mediated by the trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness of vloggers. Consumers' previous experience in using the product has a significant effect on the purchase intention but as a moderator, it does not affect YouTube vlogs and purchase intention. The results of this study suggest that marketers can utilize online advertising and YouTube vlogs for their business Brands can collaborate with YouTube vloggers because most of the females watch their reviews before buying the products.

Health problems that stem from poor diet increase the need of nutrition labelling on food packages as it conveys meaningful information to consumers at the point of purchase and enables them to fulfill their dietary requirements. Nutrition labelling is relatively new to Indian markets, thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the nature and extent of disclosure of nutrition information on packaged foods in India, its adequacy, nutrition quality of marketed foods according to UK traffic light food labelling criteria and consumer use of nutrition information. Primary data collected from 230 food packages have been content analyzed which reveals that although nutrition labels are present on the majority of sampled foods, yet, disclosure of mandatory nutrients is not adequate. Also, the majority of packaged foods are found to be unhealthy. Further, from a sample of 600 consumers, information was collected about nutrition knowledge, use and the reasons for not using nutrition information on food labels. It was found that consumers possess knowledge about total fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. The present study adds to existing knowledge by providing an understanding level of disclosure of nutrition information, its effectiveness when used by consumers and health implications of these disclosures to gauge the extent to which the disclosures are adequate in promoting healthful choices amongst consumers. Policy implications have also been identified that will help regulatory authorities to draft measures required for promoting health of Indian consumers.

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between monetary policy and stock prices across advanced and emerging economies from January 1999 to December 2017. We also examine the impact of global monetary policy on the sample stock markets. Using the Structural Cointegrated Vector-Autoregressive model, we explore long-run equilibrium relationship and short-run dynamics of monetary policy and stock markets before and after the global financial crisis. Our results demonstrate that domestic policy rate and stock prices are often not tied together in long-term equilibrium relationships for a majority of the economies. Cross-sectional heterogeneity is observed as the relationship differs in terms of sign, magnitude and adjustment dynamics. Further, US monetary conditions are found to play an important role in influencing global output or liquidity conditions. Short-run dynamics reveal a positive impact of expansionary monetary policy shock on equity prices in those economies where transmission mechanism of monetary policy is weak. Further, we find limited response of central banks to domestic equity price shocks. The influence of US monetary policy shocks in driving equity prices is also found to be insignificant for a majority of the economies.

With the increased instances of deviant behaviours, there is a pressing need to explore its instigating variables. This article explores the influence of Breach of Psychological Contract (BPC) on two dimensions of workplace deviant behaviour namely, organisational deviance and interpersonal deviance through the mediating role of moral disengagement, a construct whose role has not been studied in the literature. The study is to explore the socio cognitive reaction of employees when the social exchange relationship between employer and employee is disturbed. It focuses on the fact that promises made to the employees matter. The data were collected from 248 employees working in private sector in India with at least one year of experience and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling and Mediation model developed by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Hayes (2008). Cross sectional study design is followed. The results show that Breach of Psychological Contract significantly affects both types of workplace deviant behaviour (organisational and interpersonal) with moral disengagement partially mediating the relationship. The conclusion drawn from the study will guide the managers to focus on maintaining psychological contracts for establishing a healthy social exchange relationship between employer and employee. It will help them to not go overboard with false promises and design their policies in such a manner that employee's psychological contracts are fulfilled. Use of moral disengagement as a mediator will highlight the importance of studying socio-cognitive reaction of employees to certain actions of the organisation.

The study examines the relationship between protean career orientation and perceived employability along with the engagement in proactive career behavior. The main objective of this paper is to understand how protean career orientation would form perceptions of student's employability with career self-management as a mediator. Data was collected with the help of a questionnaire from 182 business school students at Panjab University, Chandigarh. The result of correlation analysis indicates that a positive relationship exists between protean career orientation and perceived employability. PROCESS macro given by Hayes has been used to test the mediation. Analysis by bootstrapping method reveals that career self-management fully mediates the relationship between the two variables. Theoretically, this study extends the presence of protean career orientation beyond the work domain into the student life. It also adds on to the cross-cultural research by examining protean career orientation that is a US rooted concept in the Indian scenario. The practical implication of this study is that it improves perception of students towards their employability by indulging in career self-management initiatives. Further, business school management should aim at interventions to increase the self-directed and values-driven nature of students to make them more proactive with regards to their career management.

Calendar anomalies as the seasonal tendencies in stock returns are the signal of irregular behaviour of stock markets. These anomalies have been comprehensively studied in many matured as well as emerging stock markets. But there is lack of exploration of calendar anomalies in the cryptocurrency market. So, the present treatise is an attempt to fill this lacuna by studying day of the week effect on cryptocurrencies' returns and volatility. This study is based on the prices of eight cryptocurrencies (viz. Bitcoin, EOS, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, Tether, XRP and Stellar) for a period starting from July 2017 and up to March 2020. The series of daily and day-wise returns were initially studied for stationarity using Ng-Perron tests and augmented Dickey–Fuller test. The results from these tests confirmed that the cryptocurrencies' return series are stationary. The day of the week effect on cryptocurrencies returns was studied by introducing the dummies for each day of the week in the ordinary least square regression equation. The residuals from the ordinary least square regression equation were tested for ARCH effect using Engle's ARCH test. The results from the test confirmed the presence of ARCH effect in all series. The GARCH (1,1) model and PARCH model were further applied to account for ARCH effect and these models confirmed the presence of the day of the week effect in all the cryptocurrencies' returns and volatility except for day of week effect in Bitcoin and Tether returns. So, the significant day of the week effect was present in all cryptocurrencies' returns and volatility but the significant day of the week effect was absent in Bitcoin's returns and Tether's returns. These findings of significant day effect may help the existing and potential investors in taking investment decision in contemporary scenario of no ban in cryptocurrency market in India.

The persistent and rapid evolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has changed the banking industry's operations and services. To thrive in this dynamic market environment, banks have realized that they must implement E-CRM to enhance and improve the enduring relationship with their customers. E-CRM aids to boost the quality and efficacy of customer service. The paper investigates the impact of ECRM (measured by customized products/ services, transaction security/ privacy, alternative payment methods, problem-solving, online feedback, and FAQs) on customer loyalty in the banking industry. The data is collected using a questionnaire from the 300 customers (150 each from public and private sector banks) of Delhi/NCR who are using E-CRM services. The data is analyzed using an independent t-test and multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that all six dimensions of E-CRM have a significant positive relationship with customer loyalty. This empirical results of the study will have academic and managerial implications as they will contribute to the existing knowledge base and help E-CRM managers in the decision-making process. Improving E-CRM practices will thus turn out to be a strategic competitive strategy for banks to establish interactions with their customers.

This paper has tried to explain the presence of integration among the stock markets of selected SAARC countries within themselves as well as with selected three Developed countries of the world. The data set consists of daily closing values of benchmark stock indices of selected SAARC and developed countries for more than 27 years period starting from November 5th, 1991 till December 31st, 2018. The data is analysed using Unit Root tests, Correlation Analysis, Vector Autoregression, Granger Causality Test, Impulse Response Analysis, Johansen's Co-integration Test and Vector Error Correction Model. The results indicate the strong influencing nature of USA economy which is found to significantly affect the stock market behaviour of selected SAARC countries both in the short term as well as long term specially after the Asian and Global Financial Crisis. Not much integration has been found among the stock markets of SAARC countries. The extent of linkages among the stock markets has been found to intensify with the passage of time because of opening up of economies, capital market reforms and advancements in Technology. This study is unique because of its emphases on selected SAARC countries, for which there is dearth of literature. Moreover, the time period of study is substantial. Sub-period analysis has also been carried on to check for the impact of Asian and Global Financial Crisis. Therefore, its results can be of great help in formulating portfolio diversification strategies by potential investors. The findings also have noteworthy value for government, regulators, policy makers, academicians and researchers.

Pay satisfaction as a multidimensional construct has significant importance for employees. It is also beneficial for the organization to understand employees' overall pay satisfaction. The way bank employees define the pay satisfaction concept is of significant importance for Human Resource Management in the Banking Industry. However, as the dimensionality of any construct depends on its cognitive complexities and because different people define the same construct differently. So it is required to confirm the overall dimensions of bank employees' pay satisfaction. Thus, this research is an attempt to confirm the dimensions of pay satisfaction among banking employees. For this purpose, data were collected from the 238 bank employees through the questionnaire method. The confirmatory factor analysis on AMOS 26.0 supports the multidimensionality of pay satisfaction. The results reflected that bank employees' pay satisfaction comprises four dimensions namely Pay Level, Benefits, Raise, and Pay Structure and Administration it collectively explains more than 70 percent variance of overall pay satisfaction of the bank employees.

The linkages between money supply and stock prices are significant in today's scenario. The idea of this study is to check connections between money supply and stock returns in the Indian context with the help of Unit root tests, Johansen's co integration test and Correction Model of Vector Error. The study is based on secondary database. The monthly prices of BSE Sensex for the period from January 2008 to December 2017 was obtained from the Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy (CMIE) prowess database and money supply data were collected from the website of Reserve Bank of India. The results of the study indicate long-term relationship between money supply and stock prices. The present study may be of use to investors, analysts in their investment decision making. The results of this study may also be of use to policy makers, researchers and regulators.

This paper attempts to identify the factors influencing Consumers' usage intention towards mobile healthcare applications. There are many healthcare applications that are being launched in the market which would help consumers in preventing and curing the diseases. The promotional initiatives in healthcare market have made consumers conscious about their appearance and health such that demand for healthcare applications has increased considerably. Through thorough review of literature it was found that perception, trust and social factors influence usage intention of consumer patients towards mobile healthcare applications. The primary data has been collected from respondents belonging to region of Delhi- NCR, Chandigarh and Ludhiana. Smart PLS 2.0 software has been used for Confirmatory factor analysis of data where Correlation, t-statistics and composite reliability tests etc. have been applied. The results showed that perception, consumer trust and social factors influence the usage intention of consumers towards mobile healthcare applications. The mediation effect of consumer trust was also studied and it was found that there is partial mediation effect of consumer trust on both perception and social factors in relation to usage intention.

The surge in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows from emerging economies has made it imperative to examine the impact of such flows on home country. An important area of enquiry is how the increased OFDI flows affect home country trade position- in terms of its causal relationship with both exports and imports. While the early theoretical literature posits OFDI and trade as substitutes, relatively later studies have argued that depending on the nature (vertical or horizontal FDI) and sector of investment, OFDI and trade could be complementary. India is not only the fastest growing emerging market but has recently become an important source of investment from emerging markets. The phenomenal rise in outward investment coupled with the importance of trade in India's economic structure raises concern about the impact of former on the latter. In this context, this study examines the impact of India's OFDI flows during 1997 to 2017 on its imports and exports. Using relatively recent time series econometric techniques that accounts for the existence of structural breaks in the underlying data, the results suggest while there does not exist longrun relationship between India's OFDI flows and its trade (exports and imports), OFDI flows granger causes India's imports in the short run. The observed short- run causality is found to be in line with the growing importance of resource seeking FDI from India and partially points out towards the role of India's involvement in the regional production networks. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of information support system and organizational culture on knowledge management (KM) attitude of the organization which in turn leads to innovativeness among the employees and improve their job performance. The study uses the sample of 200 employees of the IT organizations and performs Structural Equation Modeling to assess the links between IT support, Organizational Culture (OC), KM Attitude, Innovativeness and Job Performance. Meditation of KM attitude of employees is assessed using PROCESS Macro. The study finds a significant relationship between presence of information technology support system available in the organization along with culture of the organization and level of knowledge sharing attitude among the employees of organization. Secondly, knowledge management attitude is directly related with innovation and performance of the employees. The study also establishes the mediating role of knowledge management attitude between technological support, OC with innovative competence and job performance of the employees.

The emergence of Internet and Social media has created huge opportunities for marketers to know their customers. User generated content and consumer generated media have brought social networking to a new altitude. People are eager to share what they think, what they prefer and companies are taking its advantage to the maximum. It is not only the one side of the coin which is being benefitted, consumers are also gaining in the form of improved information and opinion from users. For various companies, social media platforms have become primary source of personal information of users. Social media analytics help marketers to identify segments and know customer's appeal towards a particular brand. The present study focuses on the emergence of social media analytics and modelling. It has been observed that despite enormous benefits, companies in developing countries like India are unable to exploit the opportunity to the fullest. The present study is based on exploratory research design where extant review of literature has been carried out. It also focuses on the various methods used by marketers to derive decisions out of data available on the social media platforms. The study also includes a systematic arrangement of reviews and comments collected from a social media platform and a sentiment analysis is being conducted on the data collected. Finally this paper contributes to the area of SMA and induces marketers towards a wise use of social media analytics in their business.

The flow of foreign capital in the form of institutional investment assumed a greater significance in the growth and development of the developing nations. The era of globalization has converted the whole world into a single form of market where there is the unrestricted flow of funds takes place from one country to another country. The same influence also observed in the Indian economy. When the reform process provided a platform to the foreign institutions to make an investment in the national boundary by lifting the different barriers and offering them liberty in the investment policies. Taking into consideration such a role of foreign funds in the Indian market present paper explored the trend of foreign portfolio investment in concern of the Indian capital market. The present paper also investigates the Causal Relationship between Foreign Portfolio Investment and Indian Stock market NSE index Nifty Return. In this context, different variables associated with portfolio investment such as FPIP, FPIS, FPIN, Ratio FPIP, Ratio FPIS, Ratio FPIN have been taken. NSE Nifty has been taken as the benchmark for the Indian stock market. Monthly data from April 2010 to March 2019 have been taken as the sample. To test the causality for the time series data Granger Causality test has been applied. The result of the study showed that there is no causality between FPIS and NSE Return and the same result is reported for Ratio FPIN and NSE Returns during the study period. Result also revealed the evidence for bi-directional causality between Ratio of FPIP and Returns, Unidirectional Causality found to exist when causality test is applied on the Ratio of FPIS, FPIP, FPIN, and NSE Returns for the period under study.

Stock split is a corporate decision in which company divides face value of the equity share into more than one unit. Theoretically stock splits should not have any effect on share prices and stock returns. The present study has attempted to examine the behaviour of share prices around the ex-split day of the stock splits announcement. This effect of stock splits announcements on the share prices is studied by analysing the behaviour of abnormal returns around stock splits of 304 companies listed on BSE, during the period 1999 to 2018. The analysis stresses on finding whether stock splits have an impact on share prices. This impact of stock splits is studied using abnormal returns. The event study is a methodology used to study share price behaviour around specific events and share price reaction to such events as stated by Binder (1998). This effect has been analysed around the event - ex-split day. To test the impact of stock splits - AAR (Average Abnormal Returns) and ACAR (Average Cumulative Abnormal Returns) are computed. The presence of positive AARs with significant Zs -values on t-1 day in pre- ex-split day window implies that informed traders anticipating a price increase on ex-split day buy shares before the ex-split day to make fast profit. In post-ex-split day window positive AARs with significant Zs-values are present on t+1 day probably because of lower share prices after ex-split day. The AARs are negative with significant Zs -values in post event window till t+17 . It implies that in the Indian stock market there is presence of significant negative wealth effect in post ex-split day window not in line with findings of Angel (1997) and Schultz (2000). ACARs are negative and continuously decreasing throughout the event window. The statistical significance of ACARs is tested using Z-statistic. The ACAR do not have significant Z-value in the event window. Significant abnormal returns were found to be present around the ex-split day though for a very short duration of time. The current study suggests that the investors while planning their investment or trading portfolio, must decide a time horizon for a stake in shares subjected to split, so that they take advantage of the fact that share prices do not adjust fully in proportion to split ratio immediately on and after ex-split day. The benefit must be availed quickly since the impact of stock splits is found to be present for a short time duration.

With the rapid technological advancements taking place around the world every day, mobile phones and internet connectivity have posed as one of the most significant inventions done by mankind. This was made possible with the inception of mobile wallets in the technological world. Mobile wallet is a virtual wallet that stores payment card information on mobile devices. The mobile wallet industry is estimated to grow 150% to approximately $4.4 billion by 2022. This accelerated increase is estimated due to increased adoption and inclusion of the platform that is backed by the government. The present study aims to explain the impact and adoption of mobile wallets and consumer perception towards the same. A structured questionnaire was prepared for this study and data was collected from 299 valid respondents and factors affecting adoption and threats was analyzed using various statistical tools. An online survey was circulated and the data was collected through convenience sampling. The survey consisted of 15 objective questions which collected information regarding preference, adoption, threats and demographic details. Statistical analysis was performed on IBM SPSS 22. The data was tested for Reliability using Cronbach's Alpha, Normality using Shapiro-Wilks and ANOVA were performed to check significant difference in adoption, threat and preference for different groups of various demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, education and income level. Regression analysis was also conducted using linear regression to check impact of variables such as ease to use security and safety and accessibility on the reputation of the company. The study showed many findings in relation to preference, adoption and threats relating to mobile wallets. Paytm emerged to be the current market leader with recharges and money transfer as the most popular services accessed. It was found that there was a significant difference for adoption of mobile wallets among age groups of 16-25 & 36-45 and Students & Businessmen with the first group in each case showing favorable outcomes in adoption. Another finding was the presence of significant difference in relation to preference of mobile wallet over other cashless alternatives among the group of Student & Businessmen and the low income (0-15 lakhs per annum) and high income groups (16 lakhs and above per annum) with the latter group preferring other alternatives in both the situation. The study suffers from the limitation of sampling and since the data was collected through surveys it is open to subjective bias as well. Time constraint is also a major limitation of this study. The implication of the study is to determine factors that affect the adoption and reputation of the company in this fast paced, rapidly growing industries so that current market players can work with the findings to adapt and change to retain their position in the industry and also to sustain their market share. The study was conducted with primary data and the analysis was performed personally with the finding being drawn on first hand basis indicating the utmost originality of the study. References for secondary data are also mentioned in APA format.

The study represents a pioneering and seminal attempt to understand the implications of human resource practices on employee outcomes in the Indian banking sector from an organizational justice perspective. The study aims to examine the mediating influence of organizational justice perception between HR Practices and employee outcomes of job satisfaction and stress. The study expands by examining three different dimensions of organizational justice namely, distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice. Data was collected using stratified sampling from 328 respondents from Indian public and private banks in Delhi. The study tests the conceptual framework using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis for mediation effect using Hayes approach of bootstrap method. Using cross-level analysis, the relative influence of interactional justice was found to be largest for job satisfaction in private banks. The study contributes to the existing debate that exists around “how” employee perception of human resource practices leads to employee outcomes. This research will sensitize human resource practitioners working in Indian banks on how to implement human resource practices as an intervention to bring positive employee outcomes.

Indian Textiles is several centuries old and is an economically significant sector of the country. Handloom is seen as one of the most vibrant Indian cultural heritage that has an important place in the textile industry. As per 3rd Handloom census, the sector enfolds around 43 lakhs people engaged in weaving and allied activities that majorly constituent rural and semi rural livelihood. It's a cottage industry of India comprising mostly women of about 77%. Despite of being an important sector that supports one of the largest chunks of unorganized sectors of the country it's withering at the hands of modernity. In the era of Power-loom and Technical Textiles the Indian Handloom sector needs revitalization to survive. It is high time to safe guard Handloom sector with innovation and revival to defend the livelihood of unorganized workers, preserve the rich Indian heritage and make the sector a significant contributor of Economic transformation of India. This paper is a comparative study of Innovative intensity of Handloom small business and small scale Technical /powerloom textiles. Structured and unstructured interviews have been conducted with 19 handloom business and powerloom/technical textile business; both at small scale level. Findings show greater Innovative Intensity in Technical/powerloom small business than small handloom business. Also challenges of Handloom textile industry is studied through Fishbone diagram with suggestive measures.

The paper studies that how the micro financing delivered through Banks and MFI's have helped women to achieve economic empowerment in rural areas. In order to assess the impact of micro financing on rural women's economic empowerment, primary data was collected from 737 rural women through questionnaire personally administered by researcher. Descriptive research design has been followed. Multistage sampling, including random sampling and non-random sampling method, has been used. Out of four administrative divisions of Haryana, two divisions i.e. Gurgaon division and Rohtak division were sampled based on 50% proportionate random sampling. Out of 11 districts belonging to these two divisions, 6 districts were sampled using the criteria of 50% proportionate stratified sampling. Tabular, graphical and econometrical methods were followed to analyze the data. Results show that micro financing has led to economic empowerment of rural women in India. Results of the Anova model, T-test showed that demographic factors like age, family income, had a positive and significant influence on economic empowerment of rural women availing micro financing. Researcher has suggested that more emphasis should be given on development of entrepreneurial skills through training for income generating activities to the women along with provision of micro financing so that sustainable economic empowerment can be achieved for women in rural areas. The paper recommends that the Government's micro financing scheme NRLM should be operational intensively in the districts where the reach of micro financing is limited

Undoubtedly, it can be said that banking sector is one of the rapidly rising sectors among all the sectors in an economy with respect to today's era. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between some Banks and Stock Market is analyzed with respect to India. The study attempts to answer one critical question i.e. whether the development in banks and stock markets are positively related in India or not? and what is the cause and effect relationship between both? For the purpose of analysis, stock prices are taken from the official website of National Stock Exchange (NSE). Nifty 50 is taken as the measure of stock market indices and Nifty Bank index is taken as a measure of the performance of banking sector. The period of analysis is from April 1st 2007 to April 31st 2018. Unit-root test and granger causality test are used in order to arrive at the conclusions. The empirical results show that the two variables are non-stationary in nature and there exists a negative relationship between banks and stock markets in India. The results further suggest that banking sector acts as one of the cause for the developments in Stock Market in India.

On adjudication of a partner as an insolvent in India, provision of Section 34 of Indian Partnership Act, 1932 is applicable for safeguarding the interest between insolvent partner and firm. Judgment in case of Garner v Murray held at England in 1905, which was based upon Section 44 of United Kingdom Partnership Act, 1890. In India, provision of Section 48 of Indian Partnership Act, 1932 are applicable on dissolution of firm on adjudication of a partner as an insolvent. Provision of section 44 of United Kingdom Partnership Act, 1890 and Section 48 of Indian Partnership Act, 1932 are similar or the mirror image of each other. Therefore, on adjudication of partner as an insolvent, if firm is dissolved and partnership deed is silent to the contrary then, it is safe to apply the judgment in Garner v Murray case in India until Indian court rules against it.

Earnings of the firm are a vital tool for the evaluation of company's performance. Stakeholders as well as shareholders take decisions after analysing earnings and its growth prospects. This brings the concept of earnings persistence. If earnings are not steady, the returns of the firm in the future will decline and stakeholders as well as shareholders will lose out their money. This paper captures the earnings persistence of firms in India. This paper also captures the various business strategies adopted by firms to enhance their earnings. On the basis of various strategies, firms are classified into four groups. This paper has applied panel regression methodology.

"Student Engagement" has become a subject of importance and discussion in the academic domain. Much of the academic fraternity today is worried because of the lackluster approach of the students - taking classroom or academic institution's learning as a burden and formality which must be completed! This research paper defines the level of student engagement in Ramanujan College, University of Delhi. Online survey of the students of Ramanujan College was taken to infer the level of student engagement in terms of - Spirituality and Alignment, Psychological meaningfulness, and Student-teacher relationship. In addition, various questions which lead to student engagement were also included. The survey was circulated among the students of the college and 240 responses were received, out of which 221 responses were deemed fit for analysis. According to the findings of the study, the students of the college are satisfied with the system of education; they also realize and appreciate the education they are getting. The students believe that they get full support from the college in terms of resources and the faculty members of the college are helpful and trustworthy. The study has also underpinned certain factors which lead to student engagement, such as institution's role in personality development of the student, teaching pedagogy, infrastructural facilities, systematic examination procedures, and extra and co-curricular activities. This paper would help Ramanujan College in particular and other educational institutions in general to study and understand the concept of student engagement. The paper also recommends ways to improve the level of engagement among students. This study would give a broad view of the student engagement in the current system of education. Scale of 'Student Engagement' could be further tested in other samples. The researchers have studied the level of engagement in a particular college of the University of Delhi. The results of this study may not be generalized for all the educational institutions.

This study compares the awareness of consumer rights in a metropolitan city as against remote areas. The primary data has been analysed to examine the impact of geographical location and occupation on customer awareness. The study covers five factors, i.e., Cash Memo, MRP, Standardization Mark, Expiry Date and Quantity Check, which were considered by the consumers while purchasing the goods or services. Awareness of consumer rights - to be informed, to choose, to safety, to be heard, to seek redress and to consumer education are examined under the study. Furthermore, five modes of generating consumer awareness are considered, i.e., Govt. advertising campaigns, NGO's, consumer organisations, workshops and public gatherings. The research was conducted through a survey of respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study points to the pressing need for empowerment of the rural consumer.

In the wake of increasing Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) from India their financing in the form of intra-company loans and equity is an interesting area of research. Outward foreign direct investment by a member firm (called as parent firm) to another member firm in a host country in a multinational system (called as foreign affiliate) can take the form of debt (parent debt) and equity (parent equity). Myers' pecking order theory talks about the external debt and external equity but there might be some preference hierarchy for internally generated funds - parent debt or parent equity. The literature focusing on nature of these flows (debt or equity) is scant owing to opacity of flows within a multinational system. The opacity of flows within a multinational makes the analysis empirically challenging and hence one may focus on the outward foreign direct investment by a parent firm into their foreign affiliates to capture the financial flows. The paper discusses the two types of capital market from where a multinational could tap funds, laying emphasis on internal capital market, a multinational specific advantage, besides various issues specific to internal capital market. The paper presents three perspectives to view such an analysis that have implications for efficiently utilising the internal capital market of the multinational system, supply-side determinants of capital structure of foreign affiliates, and the outward foreign direct investment. The paper thus attempts to provide areas where the contribution can be made especially with regards to the determinants of OFDI, a value addition to both the international finance and international business literature.

Competitive global business environment has led to organizations continually seeking ways to enhance performance and ensure success in the market place. Academicians and authors have been conducting research to identify organizational parameters that can drive organizations towards this goal. A substantial amount of research on culture and employee commitment reveals that both these constructs favorably impact organizational performance. Culture and commitment have both been variously defined and elaborated in terms of various dimensions to provide measurable and repeatable parameters that practitioners can use to manage performance. Review of studies on relationship between dimensions of culture and dimensions of commitment reveal a favorable view about the empirical robustness of the relationship among academicians. A perspective of commitment as an outcome and culture as an input provides a useful mechanism for practitioners to work towards ways of managing performance. At a more granular level, of the various types of commitment, affective commitment is deemed desirable as it stems from the employees wish to "want" to associate with the organization due to shared values and assumptions.

The current study deals with the validity of Capital Asset Pricing Model in selected industries of India. The CAPM is being tested using Regression analysis with the help of Eviews 9.0 in seven industries for a period of 16 years ranging from January 2000 to April 2016 using monthly stock indices from BSE. The results prove that the model is applicable in many of the industries of Indian Stock Market for the period studied.

India's black money, estimated by the World Bank in 2010 was about one fifth of official GDP. To curb the shadow economy, corruption and to push the country towards more transparent system, Indian government opted for demonetization and cashless economy drive. Is a country like India having banking penetration of just 53% (2014) and internet penetration of 34%, be able to go cashless. This paper deals with the concept of cashless system, various opportunities, challenges and problems of being cashless. This paper also suggests some recommendations for smooth implementation of cashless system and how this transformation will contribute to India in future. The objective of the paper is to observe the potentialities of a cashless economy, challenges faced and to suggest various ways to ease this process.

This paper focuses on the gaps found in the direct tax policies in India. Income tax Act 1961 is a mature, refined and seasoned tax regime of India. However, there were and there are still many loopholes in the income tax rules which could have been generated due to lopsided view of the effect of the policy or due to generalisation of the policy or due to human errors. The paper focuses on finding the history of these gaps and analyse the ways of filling these gaps by the tax authorities. The methodology used for this paper is a literature review of the published materials. A broad search strategy was used using the key terms like income tax act, reforms in direct tax, loopholes in existing direct taxation system. The major contribution of the paper is to draw the attention towards the loopholes which have been extensively used to evade taxes and were plugged by applying different ways of bringing reforms.

This report is an initiative to analyse the behaviour of consumer on various distribution channel. A channel of distribution serves as the connecting link between the producer and consumers. It creates time and place utilities by bridging the gap between the time and place of production and those of consumption. This report addresses two topics: (1) channel wise analysis of consumer behavior. (2) Product wise analysis of consumer behavior. It is based on a consumer-oriented study in order to consider the various aspects that affect any given distribution channel. It also helps in generation of new business ideas /opportunities regarding the channel of distribution.