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[EN] Today, robotics manipulator is a crucial discipline in modern production industrial facilities and in a near future; it will also be decisive in the human quotidian society. Consequently, currently there is a growing demand of applications with arm-based robots with requirements such as: reutilization, flexibility and adaptability. Unfortunately, there is a lack of standardization of hardware and software platforms, so the satisfaction of these requirements is too difficult. In this sense, there is a necessity of a methodology that guides along application design, implementation as well as the execution of the software systems. This work, explores the advantages of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) for the design and development of applications performed by manipulator robots. In fact, an UML based approach is proposed that supports the design of robotic tasks and an automatic code generation for the most spread robotic communication Middlewares has been also developed. More specifically, the target code generation for OROCOS and ROS communication Middlewares has been detailed. Finally, two case studies have been presented one for industrial field and the other for service sector. The former runs on OROCOS and the latter on ROS., [ES] Hoy en día, los robots manipuladores están presentes en todas las instalaciones de producción moderna industriales. Por ello, a la robótica manipuladora se la considera una disciplina decisiva en el sector industrial. Además, en un futuro no muy lejano los robots manipuladores pasarán a ser también esenciales en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad. Así, existe una demanda creciente de aplicaciones con robots manipuladores con requisitos software como son la reutilización, flexibilidad y adaptabilidad. Lamentablemente, en la actualidad hay una falta de estandarización de plataformas hardware y software, por lo que es extremadamente complicado satisfacer estos requisitos. Así, se contempla, por lo tanto, una necesidad de definir una metodología que proporcione unas pautas y guíe en el diseño, implementación y en la ejecución de sistemas software para este tipo de aplicaciones. Este trabajo explora las ventajas proporcionadas por la Ingeniería Dirigida por Modelos (MDE- Model Driven Engineering) en el diseño y desarrollo de tareas realizadas por robots manipuladores. En concreto se propone una aproximación basada en un sub-conjunto de diagramas UML (diagrama de componentes y diagrama de despliegue) para el diseño de este tipo de aplicaciones. Además, se identifican y definen los pasos a realizar para la generación automática de código que se ejecutará sobre los middlewares (MW) de comunicación más utilizados en esta disciplina. Para ello, se hará uso de las técnicas Model-To-Model y Model-To-Text nuevamente de MDE. Este trabajo, detalla la generación del código para OROCOS (el MW basado en componentes más extendido) y ROS. Finalmente, se presentan dos casos de estudio, el primero de ellos consiste en una aplicación industrial para el ensamblado de faro de vehículos que se ejecuta sobre OROCOS. El segundo caso de estudio es una aplicación de robótica de servicios en la que un robot manipulador antropomórfico realiza la tarea de seguimiento de un objeto en movimiento. Este segundo caso de estudio se ejecuta sobre ROS., Los autores quieren agradecer la subvención parcial de este trabajo a través de los proyectos DPI2011-27284, TEP2009-5363 y AGR-6429.

International audience; This paper reports on a four-year project that aims to raise the abstraction level through the use of model-driven engineering (MDE) techniques in the development of scientific applications relying on high-performance computing. The development and maintenance of high-performance scientific computing software is reputedly a complex task. This complexity results from the frequent evolutions of supercomputers and the tight coupling between software and hardware aspects. Moreover, current parallel programming approaches result in a mixing of concerns within the source code. Our approach relies on the use of MDE and consists in defining domain-specific modeling languages targeting various domain experts involved in the development of HPC applications, allowing each of them to handle their dedicated model in a both user-friendly and hardware-independent way. The different concerns are separated thanks to the use of several models as well as several modeling viewpoints on these models. Depending on the targeted execution platforms, these abstract models are translated into executable implementations by means of model transformations. To make all of these effective, we have developed a tool chain that is also presented in this paper. The approach is assessed through a multi-dimensional validation that focuses on its applicability, its expressiveness and its efficiency. To capitalize on the gained experience, we analyze some lessons learned during this project.

This full research paper is concerned with structuring educational content for mobile learning. Mobile devices are present in various areas of society and, in the educational context, the available resources of mobility and connectivity have contributed to their growing adoption. However, the generation of educational content for mobile devices requires special attention to issues such as: (i) restrictions on mobile devices; and (ii) complexity of developing mobile applications, related to the variety of existing platforms. This paper presents Educom.ml, which is a modeling approach for mobile educational content supported by MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) and IMA-CID (Integrated Modeling Approach - Conceptual, Instructional, Di-dactic). Educom.ml proposes a modeling approach that involves creating models that structure educational content and models that model mobile platforms. In this context, MDE minimizes the complexity of developing cross-platform applications and the automatic generation of educational content. Meanwhile, IMA-CID is responsible for structuring and organizing educational content. To illustrate our ideas, a mobile app was generated based on modeling educational content in the field of elementary mathematics.

Security policies constrain the behavior of all users of an information system. In any non-trivial system, these security policies go beyond simple access control rules and must cover more complex and dynamic scenarios while providing, at the same time, a fine-grained level decision-making ability. The Usage Control model (UCON) was created for this purpose but so far integration of UCON in mainstream software engineering processes has been very limited, hampering its usefulness and popularity among the software and information systems communities. In this sense, this paper proposes a Domain-Specific Language to facilitate the modeling of UCON policies and their integration in (model-based) development processes. Together with the language, an exploratory approach for policy evaluation and enforcement of the modeled policies via model transformations has been introduced. These contributions have been defined on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework, the de-facto standard MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) framework making them freely available and ready-to use for any software designer interested in using UCON for the definition of security policies in their new development projects. European Union (EU) No 101007260 (TRANSACT) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación LOCOSS - PID2020-114615RB-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2020-112540RB-C44/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Junta de Andalucía P20-01224

Context: The need to analyze a large volume and variety of data for the purpose of extracting information has been promoting investments in Big Data, e.g., for storage, analysis and, more recently, methodologies and approaches for software system development for Big Data platforms. The application of software engineering for Big Data is recent and emerging, so in the literature we find a number of challenges and opportunities related to Big Data, but few practical approaches. Objective In this paper, we propose a practical approach based on MDE (Model Driven Engineering) to support the semi-automated development of software systems for Big Data platform that use MapReduce model. Method The proposed approach consists of framework, process, metamodels, visual Alf, transformation definitions written in ATL and Eclipse IDE plug-in. The proposed framework uses concepts of MDE, Weaving and software development based on Y. Our proposed process guides the use of our approach. A graphical notation and extended metamodel for Alf (i.e. visual Alf) assign executable behavior for UML or DSLs. An Eclipse IDE plug-in implements our approach. Results We show the applicability of the proposed approach through an illustrative example. Conclusion Our approach brings a contribution because the development of software systems is assisted by models which preserves the business logic and adds Big Data features throughout the development process.

[Background and goal] Health information systems are increasingly sophisticated and developing them is a challenge for software developers. Software engineers usually make use of UML as a standard model language that allows defining health information system entities and their relations. However, working with health system requires learning HL7 standards, that defines and manages standards related to health information systems. HL7 standards are varied, however this work focusses on v2 and v3 since these are the most used one on the area that this work is being conducted. This works aims to allow modeling HL7 standard by using UML., [Methods] Several techniques based on the MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) paradigm have been used to cope with it., [Results] A useful reference framework, reducing final users learning curve and allowing modeling maintainable and easy-going health information systems., [Conclusions] By using this approach, a software engineer without any previous knowledge about HL7 would be able to solve the problem of modeling HL7-based health information systems. Reducing the learning curve when working in projects that need HL7 standards., This research has been partially supported by the POLOLAS project (code TIN2016–76956-C3–2-R) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the KNOWBED project (code PIN-0213–2016) founded by the Andalusian Ministry of Health, Carlos III Health Institute within the call Strategic Help in Health (PITeS TIiSS project, code PI15/01213), by the VPPI of the University of Seville, and FEDER funds. The authors are grateful to Carlos III Health Institute for promoting the Network for Innovation in Medical Technologies and Health (“ITEMAS” in Spanish, CODE PT17/0005/0032), and Prevensalud project founded by the Technological Corporation of Andalusia.

Scheduling processes have been applied to a wide range of application areas, such as scheduling tasks in operating systems, scheduling facilities at airports, scheduling assembly lines in production, scheduling resources in project management, timetabling in public transportation, and scheduling activities in cyber-physical systems. In general, scheduling problems are not trivial to solve effectively and efficiently. Design and implementation of scheduling software is expensive and time-consuming. This dissertation makes three main contributions: First, we have adopted a feature-oriented Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) approach. If applied correctly, the SPLE approach provides more economic solutions in case a family of products is developed instead of one product. Companies that develop scheduling systems generally implement product families. After an extensive domain analysis of the theory, the common and variable “features” have been defined. By choosing and configuring the right set of “features”, the designers can efficiently define scheduling systems according to their needs. As a second contribution, to convert the abstract definitions into executable programs, we have designed and implemented an “application framework” called First Scheduling Framework (FSF). We consider reusability and dynamic extensibility as two quality attributes of the framework. To this end, generic “constraint-solvers” are adopted to translate the predefined “scheduling constraints” into the “constraint-language” of the corresponding solver and to use them to solve the translated problem. We have extended our implementation using MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) techniques so that “feature-oriented” models can be easily converted to the abstractions of the “application framework”. As a third contribution, we have expanded our “feature-oriented” approach to a general “model optimization framework”. Scheduling systems can be influenced by many contextual factors, such as the desire for lower energy consumption, more precise computation, and dealing with certain hardware limitations. Due to contextual factors, it can be very difficult to define an optimal system that gives the best compromise for such multiple concerns. For this purpose, we propose OptML Framework, which accepts different models representing the contextual factors in the language of ECORE in the MDE environment and calculates the optimal models that meet user-defined requirements.

The industrial automation and control systems complexity increments calling the principle's adoptions of the MDE (model Driven Engineering) and Software Engineering for the process of the automation and control systems development. This paper is presenting a literature survey on the model-Driven design and effectiveness approaches for the industrial automation and control systems application.

This instalment reports on two talks from the First International Workshop on Collaborative Modeling in MDE (model-driven engineering) and three papers from the 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering. The topics covered include model-driven engineering, forking and developer participation, FLOSS (free/libre and open source software) software projects, and perceptions of release practices.

Nowadays we live in a digital world of continuous changes in which digital platforms are more popular and new services have emerged, such as Netflix for video, or Amazon for retail purchases. Also, traditional companies such as telephony have ventured into the IoT (Internet of Things) with products of home automation, security, e-Health, among others. However, other platforms such as DTV (Digital Television) are not widely used, even when infrastructure is deployed. This infrastructure can be used in applications that take advantage of its large interface and presence in most homes, to transmit information through the television signal and receive information through the Internet. For this reason, in this paper we present a proposal based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) to facilitate developers the building of applications for DTV in IoT environments, using a DSL (Domain Specific Language) and a code generation engine.

Display Omitted The new domain models exploitation paradigm: Model Driven Engineering.The challenge of use the HL7 metamodel in the MDE context.Software engineers will use the benefits of HL7 standards and UML & MDE existing tools. HL7 (Health Level 7) International is an organization that defines health information standards. Most HL7 domain information models have been designed according to a proprietary graphic language whose domain models are based on the HL7 metamodel. Many researchers have considered using HL7 in the MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) context. A limitation has been identified: all MDE tools support UML (Unified Modeling Language), which is a standard model language, but most do not support the HL7 proprietary model language. We want to support software engineers without HL7 experience, thus real-world problems would be modeled by them by defining system requirements in UML that are compliant with HL7 domain models transparently. The objective of the present research is to connect HL7 with software analysis using a generic model-based approach. This paper introduces a first approach to an HL7 MDE solution that considers the MIF (Model Interchange Format) metamodel proposed by HL7 by making use of a plug-in developed in the EA (Enterprise Architect) tool.

Though Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) become very popular in last the decade, dependability of CPS is still a critical issue and related survey is rare. We try to spell out the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the technical trends of dependable self-managing CPS. This survey first recalls the motivation and the similar concepts. By analyzing four generic architectures, we summarize the common characteristics and related assurance technologies, and propose a more generic environment-in-loop processing flow of CPS and a formal interaction flow between physical space and cyber space. Further, the similarity between correctness and dependability is formally analyzed and the new five research questions of dependable self-managing CPS are presented. Then we review the critical technologies and related correctness verification & validation (V&V) methods, the architectures for dependable self-managing CPS. Further, the detail dependability management and V&V technologies are surveyed, which covers the areas of running-time fault management methods and whole life cycle V&V technologies, maintenance and available tool sets. For holistic CPS development, Modeling techniques and MDE (model driven engineering) based V&V methods are analyzed in detail. Then we complete the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the missing part. Further, we propose the technical challenges and the further direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable self-managing CPS development and evaluation.

Today’s world economic situation is ruled by issues such as reducing cost, improving quality, maximizing profit and improving and optimizing production processes at any kind of organization. In this context, BPM (Business Processes Management) can be an essential strategy. However, there are business situations where is necessary to define innovation solutions to apply BPM in a proper way (e.g., needs of interoperability between process modeling languages, mechanisms to generate the executable model of the process maintaining the traceability with the definition model of the process, mechanisms to manage the measurement of processes from early stages, etc.). This paper describes and analysis some of these situations and proposes a framework based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) to support these needs. This MDEbased framework is also supported by the EMPOWER platform which has been developed in an innovation project carried out by Servinform Company and our research group (IWT2, University of Seville, Spain). This platform allows applying advanced MDE techniques to improve the application of BPM in business environments. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-76956-C3-2-R Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-REDT

CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) for development is a quality system targeting to improve the software development processes. It allows to measure organization maturity level and to improve its capacity in software development. MDE (Model Driven Engineering) is an approach that aims to automate the use of models in order to build more complex systems The software industry became a vital economic sector that employs a wide range of people. A quality assurance system becomes a real need to ensure the quality of software and to increase abilities of software companies to meet the requirements of customers. The paper aims to use a MDE approach to develop tools supporting any software company to adjust their software development process and then to meet the CMMI goals. this paper suggests a new structure of software development process in several models, and shows how to specify a metamodel for each step of this system. One of the advantages of the approach is very resilient and can support the software process development for several software companies and fit rapidly the changes in their software development process.

The software community intends to make use of a standard approach for the software development to not build software product from scratch. This approach ensures a high quality of software with a controllable cost. It affects the whole process of the software development, especially in the early phases e.g. analysis and design. One of the most widespread language to modulate and document those two stages is UML (Unified Modeling Language), but the reuse of the UML model is used in ad-hoc method so why do not build a systematic method for reusing some fragments of UML? To realize it, we need to adopt a reuse approach, so we choose the software product line (SPL), based in collecting variability of the domain (in our case is UML). In fact, UML and SPL have a common issue is the model driven engineering, since both of them based on the modeling approach. This paper overviews the different areas of UML and explains the process of software Product line with its born issues to wit: MDE (Model Driven Engineering) and MDA (Model Driven Architect).

The growth in the use of mobile devices have allowed for the development of new educational modalities within e-Learning. Because of this, we have shown the evolution experienced by GreedEx, a desktop application that facilitates the learning of greedy algorithms. Two iPad versions were developed (GreedEx Tab v1.0 and v2.0). The first iPad version adapted many functionalities to mobile devices, whilst the latest one adds several pedagogical usability characteristics. For that, we followed the CIAM Mobile methodology, improving the educational and collaborative aspects. Our main aim is to verify that this methodology is useful for the production of new methodological approaches aligned with the principles of MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) that gives support to learning activities within a group. Therefore, this work can be considered a preliminary m-CIAM test case .

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is designed for all stages of software development, but it lacks precise semantic information. MDE (Model-driven engineering) takes the model as the primary software product and its main research direction is modeling and model transformation. We propose to explore the entity abstraction scenario where no existing classes fit as the representative entity for other classes through the data, information and knowledge recreation of existing classes and relationships with the introduction of knowledge graphs. In this paper, we proposed a knowledge graph to enhance model design between models.

Conference of 21st IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2016 ; Conference Date: 6 September 2016 Through 9 September 2016; Conference Code:124646; International audience; Robotic systems are a typical example of complex systems. Their design involves a combination of different technologies, requiring a multi-disciplinary approach. This is particularly challenging when a robotic system is required to interact either with humans or other entities within its environment. To tackle this complexity, we propose a design and validation approach based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) principles for industrial manipulators. We propose an extension of RobotML for manipulation, a modelling environment based on the Papyrus tool, which was developed specifically for the robotics domain. The extension is aiming to model a complete robotic setting, including protagonists, objects, their properties, the interactions between them, the services provided by the robots, and the actions they can perform. Then we propose to use model execution techniques to validate the design models. We illustrate our approach on a robotic scenario dedicated to the Sybot collaborative robot.

In system-level design, descriptive system models seem to be insufficient in order to perform a system verification which fulfils various stakeholders0 requirements. This fact is accentuated by the increasing complexity of system engineering projects and, as a consequence, the difficulties to deal with both their coordination and trace ability. Even if SysML (System Modeling Language) is considered as a flexible and standard tool for system engineering, using only descriptive models are insufficient for system behavior verifications. To deal with this concern, simulation environments (i.e. MATLAB/Simulink) allow verifying if the system preliminary design satisfies requirements or not. As a consequence, various research works have been centered on combining the potential of both SysML modeling and simulation tools. This paper proposes an integration approach based on metamodeling and model transformations to generate Simulink models from SysML diagrams. This approach is handled by models and modern techniques of MDE (Model-Driven Engineering).

In Software Engineering as in all other engineering fields, the product to be build is divided into sub-parts that are independently constructed and subsequently assembled. This procedure reduces the complexity and improves the reuse of the developed products. MDE (Model Driven Engineering) is a recent software engineering discipline that focuses this approach. It has allowed several significant improvements in the development of complex software systems by providing the means that enable to switch from one abstraction level into another or from one modeling space into another. However, models management may be tedious and costly. Thus, it is necessary to provide some flexible and reliable tools for automatic management of models and some techniques for their transformations in order to live up to user expectations. In this context, model composition has become an important artifact in the MDE domain that allows constructing and composing an efficient assembly process. In this paper, we present the state of the art of recent works in the model composition methods and techniques by focusing on the various parameters that govern and characterize their behavior.

MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) is a recent software engineering discipline that focuses on models within the software development process. It has allowed several significant improvements in the development of complex software systems by providing the means that enable to switch from one abstraction level to another or from one modelling space to another. However, models management may be tedious and costly. Thus, it is necessary to provide some flexible and reliable tools for automatic management of models and some specific languages for their transformations in order to live up to users’ expectations. In this paper, we present the state of the art of recent works in the MDE domain by focusing on models transformation which constitutes the central topic of this discipline.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a legal contract between parties to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS). It specifies one or more service level objectives (SLO), to ensure that the QoS delivered has met customer expectations. However, It becomes hard to guarantee QoS levels and detect SLA violations. Therefore, we propose to use MDE (Model Driven Engineering) to express the SLA contract requirements. This latter, created with a specific modeling language (DSML), will be used harmonically with a Multi-agent systems (MASs) in order to monitor SLA violations in real-time. Indeed, MASs are suitable tools for self-detection of failures and self-monitoring of cloud operations and services, QoS negotiation and SLA management. They are designed to operate in a dynamically changing environment. Our main motivation is firstly to use MDE technology for the creation of the SLA contract and then to integrate MASs in order to control the quality of service contract and guarantee transparency and symmetry with respect to the SLA contract between prospective signatories.

Development of Context-Aware and Mobile (CAM) applications requires software engineers to write complex code (e.g., adaptation mechanisms, context management) and deal with heterogeneity issues regarding devices and sensors. A promise to deal with this issue approach is the combination of MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) design principles and CAM middleware platforms. Following this approach, we present in this paper CRITiCAL, a ConfiguRation Tool for Context Aware and mobiLe applications. This tool enables visual modelling of contextual information and adaptive behaviour of a CAM application. From visual models, a code generation is performed and its result contains all methods required for communication between the application and a context management middleware. We aim at offering a simplified and visual way to define context acquisition mechanisms (e.g., get user location) and context rules in order to accelerate the development of CAM applications.

In November 2000, the OMG made public the MDA™initiative, a particular variant of a new global trend called MDE (Model Driven Engineering). The basic ideas of MDA are germane to many other approaches such as generative programming, domain specific languages, model-integrated computing, generic model management, software factories, etc. MDA may be defined as the realization of MDE principles around a set of OMG standards like MOF, XMI, OCL, UML, CWM, SPEM, etc. MDE is presently making several promises about the potential benefits that could be reaped from a move from code-centric to model-based practices. When we observe these claims, we may wonder when they may be satisfied: on the short, medium or long term or even never perhaps for some of them. This paper tries to propose a vision of the development of MDE based on some lessons learnt in the past 30 years in the development of object technology. The main message is that a basic principle ("Everything is an object") was most helpful in driving the technology in the direction of simplicity, generality and power of integration. Similarly in MDE, the basic principle that "Everything is a model" has many interesting properties, among others the capacity to generate a realistic research agenda. We postulate here that two core relations (representation and conformance) are associated to this principle, as inheritance and instantiation were associated to the object unification principle in the class-based languages of the 80's. We suggest that this may be most useful in understanding many questions about MDE in general and the MDA approach in particular. We provide some illustrative examples. The personal position taken in this paper would be useful if it could generate a critical debate on the research directions in MDE.

With the advent of the neologism called "crowdsourcing", the problem of the evaluation of existing solutions on ontology alignment arose. The use of ontologies and their alignment to found the MDE (Model Driven engineering) model implanted in the transformation process has become a necessity, especially for better semantic interoperability between these models. The state of the art clearly shows that the contribution of the ODE (Ontology Driven engineering) principles, AO (Alignment of Ontolgies) and crowdsourcing in a learning scenarization context is an interesting approach. In this paper, we propose a transformation process to transpose a business scenario to a computable scenario exploiting various tools (Protege2000, Plugin uCamp, Crowdflower and GWAP).

KDE – Knowledge Driven Engineering – is a generalization of MDE – Model Driven Engineering – to a higher level of abstraction than the standard UML software models, aiming to be closer to the system designer concepts. But in order to reach an effective technology applicable in industry, one needs to implement it in a tool using Runnable Knowledge, i.e. which can be run and tested. This work describes KODEGEN – a KDE tool for testing while generating code – whose input consists of system ontologies, ontology states and scenario files. Incidental concepts not part of the ontologies are replaced by mock objects. The implementation uses a modified Gherkin syntax. The tool is demonstrated in practice by generating the actual code for a few case-studies.

With the advances in mobile devices and ubiquitous computing, mobile and context-aware applications is becoming increasingly emerging. However, the development process of these applications still faces some challenges (e.g, heterogeneity of devices, complexity of the sensors access code, etc). The adoption of middleware platforms for context-aware systems is a well-known solution used to overcome such problems. An example of middleware developed for this purpose is LoCCAM, which allows adaptive acquisition of contextual information on Android based devices. But LoCCAM still presents issues concerning middleware configuration of contextual information. One approach to mitigate these existing problems is the usage of MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) paradigm. This paper shows a Visual Domain-Specific Language for modeling contextual information that is used in the development of applications using the LoCCAM. This language aims at generating skeletons of Android projects. These projects are properly configured for the use of middleware, including a transparent access to the contextual information. The main benefit of our solution it to provide a better abstraction to software developers concerning the configuration of LoCCAM middleware.

For several years, MDE (Model Driven Engineering) has been increasing in Human Computer Interaction domain. It is particularly suitable for designing supervision software for sociotechnical and reconfigurable systems. In this article, we describe Anaxagore, an IDM based tool, which allows complete generation of interactive supervision software from business oriented synoptic descriptions.

International audience; The progress in FPGA technology has enabled FPGA-based reconfigurable systems to target increasingly sophisticated applications, which has led to a high control design complexity, resulting in longer design cycles. In this paper, we propose a control design approach for FPGA-based reconfigurable systems aiming at increasing design productivity. This approach is based on a semi-distributed control model that splits different control concerns (monitoring, decision-making and reconfiguration) between autonomous modular controllers and makes use of formalism-oriented design, to decrease the control design complexity and facilitate design verification, reuse and scalability. This model is composed of distributed controllers handling the self-adaptivity of the system reconfigurable regions and a coordinator to respect the system global constraints. To enhance design productivity, the proposed control model is generated automatically using a high-level modeling approach. This approach is based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) and the MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems) standard, allowing to make low-level technical details transparent to designers and to automate code generation from high-level models. Experiments on the generated control systems showed that the proposed semi-distributed control model is more flexible, reusable and scalable than the centralized one, at the cost of a slight increase in required hardware resources.

International audience; The development of web 2.0 increases the call for agile and simplebusiness process support. SOA (Service oriented Architecture) provides companiesa new model to build their IT applications around their business processesand to combine them dynamically with the services of partner companies. Moreovercloud computing offers new business models and deployment opportunities tosupport adaptive and scalable execution environment. However, to provide servicescollaboration from several companies, the security policy associate to eachcompany must be respected. So, the Business Process (BP) provides by thesecompanies services inter-connections should be adapted to the security policy ofeach company and to the platform where it will be deployed. This leads to proposea new platform based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) approach toallow companies to build and deploy safely their BP in the Cloud environments.

National audience; The rapid changes in embedded electronics these recent years are the result of permanent improvements of design methodologies in adequacy with constraints that support the application. In Software Defined Radio field, the electronic system has the property of being "Real-Time" because it must respond within a specific time interval, known in advance. The growing need for software radio equipment with the ability to automatically adapt to the environment in which it is located, leads to the simultaneous execution of a large number of software components on a single processor in future broadband software radio. Consequently, these radios equipments become highly time constrained. From this perspective, current design methodologies for software radio integrating real-time scheduling analysis cannot be applied. This paper presents a new MDE (Model Driven Engineering) design methodology, allowing specifying parameters, which make possible real-time scheduling analysis of software components executing on a uniprocessor in a software radio. Also, we propose an algorithm, implemented as a tool, which simulates real-time scheduling of tasks implementing flexible signal processing algorithms. This tool is integrated to the proposed design methodology. Finally, we present an experiment of our methods on a project to demonstrate the benefits of our methodology and the good accuracy of our tool.

19; International audience; The main concern of this research work is to analyse and model supply chains (SCs) in a particular context which is that of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the field of mechatronic. The study is based on the analysis of the organisational features, the actors' behaviour, and performance considerations. The development of the model relies on an iterative framework that progressively integrates different aspects into the model. This framework is the ArchMDE process, which is based on MDE (Model Driven Engineering). A major feature of this work lies in its contribution to two different areas of research. The first contribution of the work is to propose a generic metamodel for SCs. Based on a literature review, an incremental framework is proposed for the modelling of SCs in terms of concepts, structure and relationships. The application of the framework to the studied context is described and its result is a domain-metamodel for SCs. The second contribution of this work lies in the formalisation of the dynamic behaviour of the concepts in the metamodel. This formalisation is based on the multi-agent approach. An agentification of the metamodel is thus drawn, thanks to the natural links between multiagent theory and SC reality. This step leads to an agentified-domain-metamodel which also includes the monitoring of the SC and synchronisation protocols. By adding relationships and dynamic behavior aspects, we obtain a metamodel of the domain that can be implemented, with its static and dynamic aspects. To validate this model, an industrial case study is detailed and has been instantiated and encoded in JAVA.

Model composition is frequently used during large software development in MDE (Model Driven Engineering). The consistency of the composed model is quite essential to model composition. This paper presents a weaving-based model composition framework (WMCF) and then gives a prototype implementation of the framework using Alloy language. Models are converted into Alloy codes and model composition is verified by the Alloy Analyzer.

International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications China, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA, APR 21-22, 2009; International audience; A collaborative network is an open and agile system that evolves and adapts itself regularly along its life cycle. A possible way toward the facilitation of creating networks is the interoperability. This paper presents an ontology-based approach for dealing with the business level of the MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) approach for the interoperability. We use ontologies and deduction rules to automate the specification of BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) collaborative processes for business networks. For such purpose, we propose to work at the higher abstraction level than the CIM for capturing knowledge on collaboration from business partners. We use the existing knowledge about business processes from the MIT Process Handbook for moving down to the CIM. A prototype has been developed in order to support this approach. The prototype is a kind of a computer-aided design tool that uses a knowledge base.

Most researches on ubiquitous computing focus on context capture and adaptation. The lack of a well-defined context model inhibits identification, reasoning and reuse of context and context-aware elements. In this paper we propose the development of model-driven context-aware applications. We present the COMODE framework for modeling context-aware applications in the context of MDE (Model Driven Engineering). By concerns separation (business and contextual ones) in individual models and by transformation techniques context can be provided, modeled and adapted independently of business logic and platform details. We also present in this paper our proposition of a context metamodel and the parameterized transformation to apply context into business models.

The number of approaches for Web environments has grown very fast in the last years: HDM, OOHDM, and WSDM were among the first, and now a large number can be found in the literature. With the definition of MDA (Model- Driven Architecture) and the acceptance of MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) techniques in this environment, some groups are working in the use of metamodels and transformations to make their approaches more powerful. UWE (UMLBased Web Engineering) or OOWS (Object-Oriented Web Solutions) are only some examples. However, there are few real experiences with Web Engineering in the enterprise environment, and very few real applications of metamodels and MDE techniques. In this chapter the practical experience of a Web Engineering approach, NDT, in a big project developed in Andalusia is presented. Besides, it shows the usability of metamodels in real environments.

International audience; Requirements documentation is a collection of partial specifications produced by different stakeholders. Obtaining a global specification is a fundamental step of a requirement analysis process. Merging requirement specifications is indeed a way to reveal inconsistencies between them. We propose in this paper a model-driven mechanism for that purpose. It takes as inputs a set of texts or models which conform to input requirement languages and produces a global requirements model. This mechanism is integrated in a platform called R2A which stands for ?requirements to analysis?. The R2A core element is its core requirement metamodel which has been defined for capturing the global requirements model. We illustrate our approach with requirement specifications expressed in a constrained natural language. This platform and its mechanism have been completely implemented with MDE (Model Driven Engineering) technologies. As such, it is a good example of how MDE technologies can contribute to requirements engineering as a technical solution.

Complex metamodels are often decomposed into several views, in particular for architecture framework metamodels such as DoDAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework). Designing models that conform to this kind of metamodels implies data integration problems between the different views. Usually, different views from a same metamodel share a common core. This is the reason why those views are interrelated The common core is identified with the creation of mapping links. Within MDE (model driven engineering) approaches, these links may be captured, by weaving models. Using MDE principles, we automate this data integration process by generating transformations between these views. For this, we generate weaving models between different views using matching heuristics and then we produce model transformations from this weaving model. We have applied this method to DoDAF metamodels. In this architecture framework, SV-5 (a system view) relates to OV-5 (an operational view) and SV-4 (another system view) with the aim to provide a traceability matrix about system architectures.

User interface (UI) plasticity denotes UI adaptation to the context of use (user, platform, physical and social environment) while preserving usability. Our approach to this problem is to bring together MDE (Model Driven Engineering) and SOA (Service Oriented Approach) within a unified framework that covers both the development stage and the runtime phase of plastic UI's. In particular, an interactive system is modelled as a graph of models that can be dynamically manipulated by, and/or encapsulated as services.

MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) techniques and tools promise to reduce the complexity and effort of software development. However, although this approach is widely known, there are few reports on its application to real enterprise developments. In this article we present our experience in the creation of an enterprise service management system using MDE. This is a complex system, as it must cope with the heterogeneity and distribution of both software services and their runtime infrastructure. Also, enterprise systems must support multiple non-functional requirements. These requirements are usually fulfilled by enterprise framework solutions, which require a steep learning curve. To overcome these problems we have applied the aforementioned MDE methodologies, starting from a generic information model and partially generating the system from it. We detail the pitfalls found and discuss the strong and weak points of the followed process.