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Human values and affective traits were found to predict attitudes toward the use of different types of knowledge-based theory through creative climate. In this study (N =329), we aimed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of those predictors toward use in a structural equation model (SEM), providied a better overview of a possible structural path that drives to such antecedents for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. Precisely, we predicted and found that the relations between the variables and impact of different variables were modeled and tested by applying SEM. Based on the questionnaires survey on SMEs in Bangladesh, this empirical study indicates that all the predictor variables significantly influence the endogenous variables except knowledge management (KM) and employee resilience (ER), and creative climate (CC) and organizational resilience (OR). The study provides several theoretical and practical implications for further research.

Purpose Given that individual creativity is a critical element to achieving organizational competitiveness, the purpose of this study is to attempt to investigate how transformational leadership (TL) drives employee creative process engagement (CPE) by improving their creative self-efficacy (CSE). Design/methodology/approach Analysis has been performed based on 194 responses from information and communication technology firms using a cross-sectional survey design. The study follows a deductive research approach to test the hypotheses. It uses SmartPLS2 and IBM SPSS 21 for a structural equation model. Findings The investigation finds that TL significantly predicts CPE, and CSE partially mediates the TL–CPE relationship. The result demonstrates that TL shapes an organizational climate conducive to the employees’ CPE by building employees’ self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications The study sample was drawn from a single sector of the Bangladeshi economy. The sampling design represents a limitation, for which the findings cannot be broadly generalized. Replications and augmentations of the study in various industrial areas will help test the robustness and generalizability of the discoveries. Practical implications TL and CPE are desirable organizational outcomes across all cultures. From a practical standpoint, the outcomes demonstrate that TL is linked to CPE and CSE among information and communication technology employees. This study extends the appropriateness of CSE into Asian countries. Notably, it provides additional insight into a contemporary TL model that can unequivocally impact leadership development in the Bangladeshi information and communication technology firms. Managers or chief executive officers in the small and medium enterprises are expected to exhibit TL attributes by designing a supportive organizational climate that will motivate employees to exhibit creative activities. Social implications TL transforms employees’ psychological state to get them to engage in creative processes, benefiting the organizational stakeholders by their unconventional creative behavior. The TL-driven innovative outcome through employees’ CPE contributes to the development of social well-being. Originality/value This paper adds significance to the extant literature regarding the determinants of the mediating impact of CSE on TL and CPE from the viewpoints of information and communication technology firms, particularly from developing countries, such as Bangladesh. It also contributes to reconcile the findings of the previous studies around the globe in both developed and developing countries.

PurposeUsing a multi-level perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate impact of transformational leadership on employees’ creative process engagement and mediating roles of intrinsic motivation, task complexity and innovation support in the process of influence.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows a quantitative method. Using a multi-item survey instrument, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among employees of small and medium enterprises registered with the Chittagong Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Bangladesh. Collected data were analyzed using structural equation model as well as factor analysis and path analysis to test the hypotheses and to assess the moderating and mediating effects of the variables.FindingsThe findings reveal that transformational leadership has a significant impact on employees’ creative process engagement. The study further shows that task complexity and support for innovation moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ creative process engagement.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the premises of interactionist perspectives on creativity, this study integrates multi-level variables to investigate leaders’ influences on followers’ creative process engagement. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on influence of transformational leadership on employees’ creative process engagement as well as the impact of both individual- and organizational-level variables.Originality/valueThe study adopts a distinct model comprising five different variables to investigate creative process engagement from a multi-level perspective, i.e., creative process engagement and intrinsic motivation at the individual level, task complexity at the unit level, and support for innovation and leadership at the organizational level. This integrated model of using predictors from multiple levels supports the theoretical assumptions that creative process engagement results from the interaction of individual-, group- and organizational-level factors.

This research investigated the link between employee-orientated human resource management (EOHRM) counterproductive work behaviors targeted at individual members and organization in Ethiopia. Relaying on social exchange theory, organizational support theory, signaling theory, and relevant literature we examined how employee-oriented HRM practice affects counterproductive work behaviors by using perceived organizational support as a mediator. Data had been obtained from 555 workers and 150 supervisors from eight companies in Ethiopia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methods via SmartPLS has been used to determine the hypothesized links pertaining to employee-oriented HRM and counterproductive work behavior directed towards individual members and the organization. Final results confirmed that perceived organizational support fully mediated the relationship between employee-oriented HRM and counterproductive work behaviors. The impact of employee-oriented HRM on counterproductive work behavior-organizational via perceived organizational support were stronger than the impact of employee-oriented HRM on counterproductive work behavior – individual (interpersonal). The findings suggest that organizations may minimize (reduce) employees’ counterproductive work behavior by putting into action employee-oriented HRM practices that would uplift perceived organizational support that finally prevents the tendency to act against the organization and its members.

Although deep convolutional neural networks have made breakthroughs in the accuracy and speed of single-image super-resolution, there are still many unsolved problems: firstly, How to refine the texture problem when performing super-resolution processing at a larger magnification ratio. Secondly, the existing convolutional neural network image super-resolution algorithms are prone to overfitting and insufficient convergence of the loss function. Aiming at two problems, an image super-resolution method based on generative adversarial network is proposed. The feature map is spatially transformed on the network to solve the problem of refined texture, combined with CycleGAN and SRGAN, the network structure is improved and the loss function is optimized, and the SRCICGAN algorithm is proposed to restore the four times down-sampled image to solve the loss function problem. The experiment is compared with the latest six methods on three data sets. The PSNR and SSIM indicators are 1.92% and 5.49% higher in the Flickr2K data set, respectively, and better visual effects can be obtained in terms of detailed texture.

We propose a deep learning architecture and test three other machine learning models to automatically detect individuals that will attempt suicide within (1) 30 days and (2) six months, using their social media post data provided in the CLPsych 2021 shared task. Additionally, we create and extract three sets of handcrafted features for suicide risk detection based on the three-stage theory of suicide and prior work on emotions and the use of pronouns among persons exhibiting suicidal ideations. Extensive experimentations show that some of the traditional machine learning methods outperform the baseline with an F1 score of 0.741 and F2 score of 0.833 on subtask 1 (prediction of a suicide attempt 30 days prior). However, the proposed deep learning method outperforms the baseline with F1 score of 0.737 and F2 score of 0.843 on subtask 2 (prediction of suicide 6 months prior)., Comment: This work is accepted to CLPsych 2021, to be held in conjunction with NAACL 2021

The past few decades showed inadequate discussion of the impact of employees&rsquo, knowledge sharing and its diffusion on advancing banks&rsquo, long-term sustainability. The objective of the study is to examine the role of employees&rsquo, knowledge sharing on the sustainable performance of the banks operating in Bangladesh. Furthermore, this study tested the &ldquo, moderated mediation model&rdquo, of knowledge hiding and employees&rsquo, ambidexterity on the association above. The researchers applied the deductive reasoning method through the application of quantitative techniques, using structural equation modeling. Finally, 287 respondents from different banks were chosen through a self-administered questionnaire survey in the capital city of Dhaka. The findings indicated that all the predictor variables significantly explain the outcome variable, except the influence of knowledge sharing. Mediation analysis showed that employees&rsquo, ambidexterity mediated the association between knowledge sharing and sustainable performance. Surprisingly, moderation analysis revealed that the influence of knowledge sharing on employees&rsquo, ambidexterity is not affected by knowledge hiding. This study adds to the existing literature by demonstrating the importance of knowledge hiding, along with explaining how knowledge sharing can motivate and influence employees to achieve sustainable performances. In addition, the main contribution of this study is to advance knowledge and add values in the forms of knowledge creation, preservation, and dissemination among practitioners, banking professionals, and academics for utilizing their domain-specific areas to increase long-term sustainability.

Aims and objectives To prospectively identify the effect of the nonswallow procedure of nasogastric tube insertion. Background Nasogastric intubation is one of the most important and basic skills in treatment and nursing. Patients generally experience discomfort and encounter complications during this procedure. Thus, practitioners need a more convenient, effective, quicker and safer method to improve the performance of this procedure. Design This prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted from March to May 2014 in the four units of Gansun Province Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Method A total of 80 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). Participants in the experimental group underwent a nonswallow procedure for nasogastric tube insertion. Results There were statistically significant differences in nasogastric tube insertion between the study groups. A marked increase in the success rate at first intubation as well as a markedly reduced occurrence of nausea, tearing, mucosal injury and changes in vital signs (i.e. heart rate, breath, systolic pressure) were observed compared with the control group. No differences in the success rates at second and third intubation were observed between the groups. Conclusions The nonswallow procedure of nasogastric tube intubation relieves discomfort and ensures the safety of patients. Relevance to clinical practice Patients subjected to nasogastric intubation are more likely to benefit from the nonswallow procedure when nasogastric tube insertion is performed.

This study investigates the failure and aftermath of state owned enterprises (SOEs) of an emerging economy, Bangladesh. Failure of SOEs of emerging economy has been investigated by many researchers during the last few decades. This study is an extension of previous research. Through the comparative case study, this study tries to explore the scenario of failure of SOEs, the causal factors of failure, remedial actions and aftermath in SOEs. The findings indicate that different authorities from the policy maker to the operating level employees cannot avoid the responsibilities for failure. Even proper restructuring within the ownership of government can drive the firm positively. It is expected that the comparative case study will help to make the decision for the concerned authorities of Bangladesh as well as the authorities of other countries of the world who are in the same position.

Article history: Received September 18, 2014 Accepted 15 December 2014 Available online December 18 2014 The safety of civil aviation will be more secured if the errors in all the facets can be reduced. Like the other industrial sectors, human resource is one of the most complex and sensitive resources for the civil aviation. The error of human resources can cause fatal disasters. In these days, a good volume of researches have been conducted on the disaster of civil aviation. The researchers have identified the causes of the civil aviation disasters from various perspectives. They identified the areas where more concern is needed to reduce the disastrous impacts. This paper aims to find out the critical factors of human error in civil aviation in a developing country (Bangladesh) as it is accepted that human error is one of main causes of civil aviation disasters. The paper reviews the previous research to find out the critical factors conceptually. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) has been used to find out the critical factors systematically. Analyses indicate that the concentration on precondition for unsafe acts (including sub-factors) is required to ensure the aviation safety. Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 5 © 201

Background Previous studies indicated that some routine hematological parameters are associated with the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), but none of study has evaluated them simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of routine hematological parameters in IS patients. Methods Using medical record database, we retrospectively reviewed the patients with IS admitted in Gansu Province Hospital between June 2014 and July 2015. The prognostic value of routine hematological parameters on admission was analyzed using logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Patients with hospital mortality had significantly higher white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while their lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil were significantly lower. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for eosinophil, neutrophil, WBC, RDW, NLR, monocyte, and lymphocyte were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67-0.82), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.84), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64-0.81), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.56-0.73), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.68-0.84), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59-0.76), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67-0.83), respectively. In a multivariable logistical regression model, only WBC, NLR, and NIHSS were independently associated with hospital mortality. In a multivariable model, age, NIHSS, RDW, NLR, and eosinophil were independent prognostic factors for all-cause mortality. Conclusion Red blood cell distribution width, NLR and eosinophil are independent prognostic factors for IS.

In order to overcome the constraints of natural environment for agricultural production, Gansu Province established the photovoltaic solar greenhouse project with the electric power substitution. This paper reviewed the development process of photovoltaic solar greenhouse over the years, and proposed typical substitute model of photovoltaic solar greenhouse combined with the actual situation in Gansu Province. This paper made comparative analysis of the cost between ordinary solar greenhouse and photovoltaic solar greenhouse, and evaluated the economy of photovoltaic solar greenhouse.

The success or failure of power sector has a multi-dimensional effect. It affects on the other sectors of the industries. Therefore, drivers of success or failures as well as the solution of crisis of power sector have been identified from various aspects. This paper investigates the available solutions of problem of power industry regarding the preferences of compatibility of solutions. The available solutions have been identified from the previous researches. Different dimensions of the solutions have been considered to find out the most compatible solution for the stable growth of power sector in a developing country, Bangladesh. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) has been used to determine the compatibility of the available solutions.

What are the factors that lead an individual to be self-employed after retirement, and what factors help or hinder the transformation of entrepreneurial intentions into practical reality? We have investigated the triggers of self-employment after retirement from a push & pull perspective. The helping factors in materializing entrepreneurial intentions, and hindering factors due to which one may not do so have also been studied. Results from semi-structured interviews reveal that individuals are more likely to be pushed rather than pulled into self-employment at older age. The dominant push factors identified are financial security, maintaining/improving the existing standard of living, catering to family related needs and work-life balance. The pull factors include previous business experience and knowledge of other successful entrepreneurs. Factors that assisted the retirees in their entrepreneurial initiatives consist of social capital, previous experience (employment & business) and supportive role of family. Those who were not able to turn their self-employment intentions into practical reality were hindered by health issues, lack of capital, perceived complexities, and risk aversion. Research limitations, future research directions and policy recommendation have been given. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p290

Objective Very few studies have addressed the magnitude of the effect of the condition of the patients and the surgical volume on possible cost savings in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the costs of the CABG operating room (OR) between two hospitals, and to examine the effect of surgical volume and severity of illness on the OR costs. Method The charts of patients who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease and who underwent CABG at two acute tertiary care hospitals in 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on patient demographics, length of stay (LOS) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASAPS) score were extracted from the patient records. Cost information was obtained from detailed billing charges and from the financial accounting divisions of the hospitals. Results The high-volume hospital consumed fewer resources than the low-volume hospital (US$5411 vs. US$6407). The age of the patients, surgical volume, operating hours and LOS were associated with the OR cost. Patient age and ASAPS score, hospital, and surgical volume were associated with LOS. Patient age, the number of diseased vessels, doctor volume and pump used or not were positively associated with the operation time. The LOS and the operation time may be the mediators of the relationship between the ASAPS score and cost, and may moderate the association of volume with cost. Conclusions This study supports the saying that ‘practice makes perfect’. The knowledge and experience of the surgeons and the hospital management team are equally important in the supply of health services to patients with varying severity of illness, and are needed to maintain the competitive position of a hospital.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) had an enormous effect on Taiwan's public health and the nation's economy. To prevent the spread of the epidemic, the government implemented strategies and measures for the control of the epidemic. The Ministry of National Defense also fully supported epidemic prevention by mobilizing all necessary human and material resources. Under the plan executed by the Ministry of National Defense, the SongShan Armed Forces Hospital became Taiwan's first hospital dedicated exclusively for the treatment of patients with SARS. Uniformed Service Nurses' devoted to caring for patients with SARS during the outbreak made significant contributions to the prevention and control of SARS.

To determine whether a relationship between obesity and varicocele occurrence exists, the prevalence and severity of varicoceles related to obesity were investigated in a general population of young males. A total of 1050 young males attending the Navy Recruit Training Center were evaluated from their physical screening examinations. All subjects underwent history taking and physical examinations to evaluate for the presence and severity of varicocele. The anthropometric indexes including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. All subjects were categorized by quartiles according to each anthropometric index. Means were compared with the Student's t-test. Severity was compared by analysis of variance testing and frequency was analysed using the chi-square method. Statistical significance was considered at p

To estimate the prevalence of psychological morbidity among health care workers in military hospitals in Taiwan and studies the association between psychological morbidity and quality of life. We sent surveys to 1,269 health care workers working in military hospitals. Participants completed structured questionnaires that included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL). The survey was completed by 65 physicians, 416 nurses, and 304 other specialists. Nurses had the highest GHQ scores (nurses 32.1% vs. physicians 28.3% and other 22.4%). On the WHOQOL, nurses had worse psychological and environment domain scores (12.7 and 13.1, respectively) and physicians scored the worst for the physical and social domain as compared to nurses and other specialists. The younger, hypnotic drug use and life events had higher percentage in psychological morbidity group (Odds Ratio 1.04, 12.5, 2.38; p=0.008, 0.028 and 0.014, respectively). In regression analysis, job category, life event and hypnotic drug use could predict GHQ; age and GHQ could predict QOL (p

The study investigated the correlation between obesity and sexual function in young men. It was a cross-sectional study in an unselected consecutive sample of military men aged less than 28 years old attending to the Navy Recruit Training Center. There were 772 subjects included in the study, excluding subjects with comorbidities and subjects who had not engaged in sexual intercourse. All men underwent a detailed health examination, including physical assessment and taking of medical history. Obesity was assessed by anthropometric means, including body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio. Subjects were categorized into 4 groups by increasing order according to each anthropometric indicator (quartile method). Clinical sexual function was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scale score. There was no statistical difference in IIEF-5 score between smoking and nonsmoking groups (t test, P = .422). According to analysis of variance, only the anthropometric indicator WC showed a statistically significant correlation with IIEF-5 severity (P = .032). A possible explanation was that the systemic effects of obesity and smoking would take place while combined with the process of aging.

s / Urological Science 26 (2015) S50eS81 S76 diseases. We aimed to use the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to investigate the relationship of urolithiasis and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods: Patients with the diagnosis of urolithiasis (ICD-9CM codes 592.0, 592.1, 592.9) before Jan 1, 2003 were retrieved from the NHIRD's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 as the case group. Patients without urolithiasis werematched with 1:4 ratio regarding to sex, age and comorbidities as control group. Both groups were followed till myocardial infarction were encountered (ICD-9-CM codes 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, or 440) or till the end of 2012. Results: Total 37,052 cases and 148,209 controls were inducted into this study. The risk of AMI was higher among patients with urolithiasis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03e1.13). We detected a significant association between urinary calculi and intubation (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36e1.73), intensive care unit treatment (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13e1.32), heart failure (aHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.42e1.78), shock (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.32e1.77) and arrhythmias (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06e1.33). Patients with kidney stones have the highest risk of AMI. Conclusion: Urolithisis is associated with higher risks of AMI and several complications of AMI. Treating urolithiasis more aggressively is recommended for patients with comorbidities related to AMI.

Very few studies have addressed the issue of surgeon volume on cost savings of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in Asian countries. The objectives of the study were to analyze LC operating-room (OR) costs between two study hospitals and to examine the effect of surgeon volume on OR costs. Patients diagnosed with gallbladder disease who underwent LC in October through December 2002 at two acute tertiary-care hospitals were included. Patient demographics and clinical information were derived from patient charts. Cost information was obtained from purchasing departments or specific cost centers. Three multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the association between surgeon volume, cost, and utilization. There were no significant differences in patient demographics and disease severity between the two hospitals. Hospital A consumed fewer resources than did hospital B (NTdollars 21,674 vs NTdollars 26,417). Direct materials cost, direct professional costs, and indirect costs varied significantly by study hospital and by surgeon volume. High-volume surgeons incurred lower costs and shorter stay as compared with low-volume surgeons. Patients who scored in the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) 3 incurred significantly higher costs and longer hospital stays than did patients with ASA PS 1. The present study supports the proposal that hospital management and experience of surgeons are of equal importance in maintaining the standing of hospitals in competitive positions. In addition to the differences in hospital management and surgeon volume, the patient severity of illness also needs to be taken into consideration in cost containment.

This paper aims to find out the critical factors of success in Ready-made Garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh, especially from manufacturing engineering aspects. Basically, garment product must be competitive in terms of quality, cost and time, so the evaluation index system for the product strategic aspects has been constructed. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) has been used to give evaluation to the product strategic aspects of ready-made garment enterprise of Bangladesh so that the managers can adapt the effective product strategies.

Guided waves have the multi-modes and dispersive characteristic and the mode conversion at boundary or with defects in pipes, which make it very difficult to identify different guided waves mode reflection signals in pipes detection. The experiment method is using guided waves to detect two stainless steel pipes, one pipe has no defect and another pipe has a hole defect. The guided waves detection echo signals are obtained. By calculating the Chirplet match atom parameters and the time frequency distributions spectrum of guided waves detection echo signals, guided waves mode with T(0,1),F(1,2) and L(0,2) are respectively identified for no defect pipe detection, and defect echo consisted by two wave-packets with T(0,1) and F(1,2) mode is also identified for defect pipe detection. The results show that the matching pursuit method has a tremendous advantage to identify different guided waves modes signals in pipes non-destructive testing.

Job burnout can result in mental and physical exhaustion of the crew of ocean-going work, which influences the enthusiasm of the seamen and is not conducive to the development of shipping industry and maritime team stability. The specific factors are probe into in this paper from four aspects affecting the offshore crew burnout. The survey results are analyzed by AHP. The consequence shows job stress and interpersonal relationships are more significant on the offshore crew burnout effects. Based on the analysis, the prevention and control measures are provided at last, so as to control and solve the burnout problems of ocean crew effectively.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current financial employee participation scheme in Ecuador. Private companies, according to the law, have to pay fifteen percent of their profits to employees. In some companies this procedure represents a minimum benefit to employees. However, in the Ecuadorian oil industry this matter is relevant and mentioned in the hiring process as the most important part of employees' compensation. Using references and data from different industries in the Ecuadorian market, this paper provides an analysis of this scheme as a mechanism of recognition and motivation for employees in private oil companies established in the country.

Objective:This study explored the association of hypertension and psychiatric morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under adjusted personality characteristics and parental attachment. Methods: The mental health of 121 patients with ESRD in a general teaching hospital was evaluated using the 12-item version of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Only 40 males and 49 females completed all the questionnaires. Ten of the 40 males and 21 of the 49 females had high scores (≧4) and were allotted to the case group (n = 31). The remaining 58 patients constituted the control group (CHQ Results: The logistic regression model showed that hypertension, gender, and neuroticism are statistically significant covariates. Hypertension, especially, was strongly associated with depressive vulnerability (odds ratio of hypertension versus without hypertension = 9.07:1). Structural equation modeling revealed that gender difference and hypertension directly influenced the individuals’ mental health status and that the influence of hypertension on mental health was highly variable. Conclusion:A parsimonious structural equation model provided considerable evidence that hypertension could have an important effect on depression in ESRD patients, when predisposing factors, such as personality characteristics and parental attachment, gender, duration of hemodialysis and other medical diseases were adjusted. Hence, hypertension might be a mediating factor of depressive vulnerability in ESRD patients underling genetic and environmental problems.

Nerve-mediated responses of the rabbit urethral smooth muscles were studied using electrical stimuli of short duration to selectively stimulate the intramural nerves. The nature of the responses to exogenously applied adrenergic agonists and its antagonists were also examined. The results confirmed that the rabbit urethral smooth muscle contains both subtypes of alpha-adrenoceptors and the nerve-mediated contraction of the rabbit urethra is of adrenergic nature and mediated mainly via alpha 1-adrenoceptors.

Elastic-plastic time history analysis of super high-rise building is accomplished by the program PERFORM-3D to evaluate the global response and component deformation of structure based on fiber element theory. Direct modeling of a tall building in PERFORM-3D is complicated; hence a pre-process program ETP is established for a more effective and accurate modeling. Analysis improves that fiber element-based nonlinear analysis of the overall structure reveals the macro properties of the structure as well as the force-deformation relationship for the component and stress-strain relationship for the fiber in the micro scope. Finally, the global response, component deformation and energy dissipation of the complicated tall building designed by the current codes subjected to severe ground motions are studied in one engineering practices.