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Western honey bees (Apis mellifera), a cornerstone to crop pollination in the U.S., are faced with an onslaught of challenges from diseases caused by parasites, pathogens, and pests that affect this economically valuable pollinator. Natural products (NPs), produced by living organisms, including plants and microorganisms, can support health and combat disease in animals. NPs include both native extracts and individual compounds that can reduce disease impacts by supporting immunity or directly inhibiting pathogens, pests, and parasites. Herein, we describe the screening of NPs in laboratory cage studies for their effects on honey bee disease prevention and control. Depending on the expected activity of compounds, we measured varied responses, including viral levels, honey bee immune responses, and symbiotic bacteria loads. Of the NPs screened, several compounds demonstrated beneficial activities in honey bees by reducing levels of the critical honey bee virus deformed wing virus (DWV-A and-B), positively impacting the gut microbiome or stimulating honey bee immune responses. Investigations of the medicinal properties of NPs in honey bees will contribute to a better understanding of their potential to support honey bee immunity to fight off pests and pathogens and promote increased overall honey bee health. These investigations will also shed light on the ecological interactions between pollinators and specific floral food sources.

China is a country with high honeybee diversity, long history of beekeeping and large amount of managed honeybee colonies. Based on the development of a high royal jelly-producing lineage of honeybees and related techniques and tools, China is producing nearly all of royal jelly in the world market. Over the past decade, great development has occurred in Chinese beekeeping industry, e.g., the development of honeybee pollination market, the promotion of beekeeping with Apis cerana, and the mechanization of beekeeping. However, there are also challenges facing the industry, e.g., honey adulteration and colony losses caused by biotic and/or non-biotic factors. The exploitation of native bumble bees and stingless bees is still in the very early initial stage. The role of honeybee pollination in agriculture has been recognized by government and farmers. We believe that Chinese beekeeping is entering an era full of opportunities.

With the increasing requirement on flattening the hierarchical structure of the military command networks, this paper studied the efficiency of the cross-level command style which is one of the most way to flatten current structure. We present a cross-level command model based on the tree network. According with it, we focused on two measurements, timeliness and invulnerability, to evaluate the command networks on different cross-level by the simulation experiments. Compared the results under two styles of attack strategies, the random attack and selecting attack, it showed that the new command networks with different cross-level are more efficient.

Aiming at the imaging tasks scheduling problem on high-altitude airship under static conditions, some major constraints are analyzed and described, the constraint satisfaction model is constructed based on two optimization objectives: maximizing the task benefit, and minimizing the energy consumption. According to the characteristics of our model, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is proposed. Finally, the efficiency and feasibility of our improved model are verified in an experimental simulation, the application results and comparison analysis show that the proposed algorithm is effective and feasible.

With the increasing requirement on flattening the hierarchical structure of the military command networks, this paper studied the efficiency of the cross-level command style which is one of the most way to flatten current structure. We present a cross-level command of different groups model based on the tree network. According with it, we focused on two measurements, timeliness and invulnerability, to evaluate the command networks on different cross-level by the simulation experiments. Compared the results under two styles of attack strategies, the random attack and selecting attack, it showed that the new command networks with different cross-level are more efficient.

This paper present that experimental research on the fatigue behavior of beam with Q345c steel corrugated webs. There are four test specimens with different structural feature will be tested in three-point bending to load by Shinmadzu 4890 fatigue testing machine. Moreover, the finite-element analysis will be used to simulate the fatigue behavior of common beam with corrugated steel web. Weld will be our focus on importance object.

This paper present the geometrical parameters were conducted to study how they impact the fatigue of the girders with corrugated web by a comprehensive finite element method. Different parameters, such as the oblique angle of the web, the radius of curvature between the web folds, the thickness and width of flange, the height of the beam were investigated. The research object were : promote the application of this structure, especially for corrugated steel web composite bridges on the fatigue design theory and method provide the standard. The numerical results show that geometrical parameters of girders with corrugated webs have great effect on the stress concentration of weld toes. In addition, weld depth and angle have greater impact on the fatigue of the beams with corrugated webs.

Aimed at the problem of image blur while denoising in SAR image, a new denoising method by reserving edges based on MSP-ROA operator is presented after analyzing the image edge detection. The SAR image edges are well reserved while denoising for combining denoising with the edge detection. Experiment results show that the method is feasible and effective.

To provide precise configuration reference for the engineering bionics, high accuracy detection in large field of view on the natural biological body is a prerequisite. Targeting the streamline body of carcharhinus brachyurous, 3D (three dimensional) measurement was carried out with monocular and binocular vision inspecting system based on sinusoidal structure light. By means of moving the vision sensor driven by a stepper motor, fringe patterns with variable fringe spacing were projected to every parts of the shark body, then the point clouds of different parts of the whole shark body were obtained. Using the quaternion method to joint the edges of these point clouds together, surface reconstruction was conducted. Finally the digital model of the low resistance body of shark was achieved. It would be useful reference for the configuration design of underwater vehicles, especially microminiature biomimetic underwater vehicles.

This paper analyzed the composition of the multiple agent system, and combine with the characteristics of simulation in multiple agent. This paper proposed a supply chain system structure based on the coordination center, to achieve communications between any two entities through the coordination center. This paper constructed the agent module chart of coordination center, suppliers, producers and distributors, and expounds the function and task flow of the coordination center, and design the mechanism for data transfer between modules, in order to realize the data exchange between different entities. In this model, the coordination center takes effective measures like effectively plan, coordination, dispatch and control for the logistics, cash flow and information flow of supply chain. So it has a good reference value for the practical application of supply chain model.

Traditional methods such as scoring method, Likert scale method, etc, suffer from uncertainness, randomness and inaccuracy. To solve these problems, a cloud model is presented in this paper. Based on fuzzy mathematics and statistics, the cloud model can convert the qualitative evaluation of the product to quantitative scores. It’s a better way to overcome the disadvantages of direct scoring method that cause more inaccuracies. A prouct satisfaction evaluation model with three dimensions (i.e., evaluation index, product sets and estimator) is then constructed, which combines the cloud model and the grey relational analysis. Finally, the effectivity of the presented model is demonstrated by a case study.

It is very important that each feature model of a product remains valid in itself, and, in addition, consistent with the other feature models of the product at the same time. In current feature modelling systems, an invalid feature model always has to be manually adjusted in order to make it valid again, and a feature model for which a consistent feature model in another view does not exist also has to be manually adjusted in order to make such a consistent feature model possible. An approach to avoid this is to have the system automatically adjust the feature model. The presented approach has been built on top of existing constraint solvers and checkers, which are a geometric and an algebraic constraint solver, and a dimension and an interaction constraint checker, and therefore can support several types of constraints. And the automatic model adjustment strategies for different types of constraints will be elaborated. At last, an example was introduced.

Automated negotiation among software agents is becoming increasingly important in e-business. Currently, most of these multi-agent negotiation models are focused simply on mono-object negotiations. But in fact, most practical business negotiations are based on multiple objects. In order to improve the intelligent negotiation model to meet the practical requirements, this paper proposes an integrated multi-agent, multi-object and multi-attribute intelligent negotiation model named M3INM. M3INM introduces a scalable multi-agent negotiation framework and integrates various negotiation rules into the model. In order to meet the balance among multiple attributes, the model introduces the idea of simulated annealing (SA) iterative algorithm. This deliberate SA algorithm adjusts dynamically the correlativity among attributes to obtain the optimized negotiation solution. Besides, the relevant negotiation mathematics model is also discussed and simulation results are presented and analyzed in this paper.