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Working memory impairment is a common symptom occurred in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The medial septum-diagonal band (MS-DB) complex and 5-HT6 receptor are involved in modulation of cognition. However, their roles in working memory in PD are still unknown. Here, we used behavioral, neurochemical and immunohistochemical approaches to assess the role of MS-DB 5-HT6 receptor in working memory in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamie (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. Intra-MS-DB injection of 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY208466 (3, 6 and 12 μg/rat) enhanced working memory and increased dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus in sham and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. The dose that produced significant effect on working memory in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats was lower than that in sham rats, indicating hypersensitivity of 5-HT6 receptor after lesioning. Intra-MS-DB injection of 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB258585 (2, 4 and 8 μg/rat) alleviated working memory deficits and increased DA level in the mPFC and hippocampus and NA level in the mPFC in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats while having no effect in sham rats, suggesting that SB258585 did not change normal cognitive status. These results suggest that activation and blockade of MS-DB 5-HT6 receptor recovered working memory in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which is probably related to changes in monoamine levels in the mPFC and hippocampus.

Objective: This study aimed to discuss changes in the T-lymphocyte immune functions of patients with cervical cancer after surgery and their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 80 patients with cervical cancer who had undergone surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to July 2017 were selected as the observation group. Additionally, 50 healthy women volunteers in the same time period were considered as the control group. T-lymphocyte-secreted cytokines and T-lymphocyte immune function indices were examined before and after surgery of all respondents. Detection results of the two groups before and after surgery were compared. The observation group was further divided into postoperative infection-free and postoperative infection groups according to the occurrence of postoperative infection. The T-lymphocyte-secreted cytokines and T-lymphocyte immune function indices of these two groups were compared. Results: Interleukin (IL)-2, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2+CD4+, TNF-α +CD4+, and IFN-γ+CD4+ levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P

This study aims to identify the contribution of additional noradrenergic depletion to forelimb akinesia and abnormal subthalamic nucleus (STN) firing activity in Parkinson's disease (PD).Forelimb akinesia behaviors were tested in awake rats with noradrenergic N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) lesions, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and with combined 6-OHDA and DSP-4 lesions. STN extracellular single-unit and local field potential (LFP) activities were examined in the animals that were anesthetized with urethane.The adjusting steps and the contralateral touches of rats in the forelimb akinesia behavior tests were markedly inhibited by a further noradrenergic lesion with DSP-4 in 6-OHDA+DSP-4-lesioned group when compared with those of 6-OHDA-lesioned animals (P0.05 for all comparisons). Meanwhile, the neuronal firing pattern of STN also changed significantly towards more bursty in 6-OHDA + DSP-4-lesioned group (P0 .05). Compared with 6-OHDA-lesioned animals, an additional noradrenergic lesion increased the 0.3-2.5 Hz oscillatory activity and the spike power of STN neurons (P0.01 for both comparisons), and strengthened the synchronized oscillation between subthalamic neuronal firing and LFP activity in 6-OHDA + DSP-4-lesioned group (P0.01).The results provide evidence to support the correlation between noradrenergic depletion and the further exaggerated dysfunction of STN electrical activity in PD and suggest that an aberrant noradrenergic system might play a specific role in the motor deficits of PD.

An engineering prototype of Hadamard transform spectral imager for object detection is presented. The programmable mask, using Digital Micro-mirror Device, is set on the second image plane to implement the function of spectral domain encoding. This method can significantly increase the detecting possibility with improved SNR of the relatively weak spectrum signature. A refractive configuration designed for visible spectrum application is proposed, and the optical design strategies of each functional unit are described in detail in order to meet both the image quality and the structural feasibility. The method of mask positioning is studied and the promising spectral recovery results based on the laboratory experiments are presented.

In the icing electric transmission tower computation, has neglected the influence of ice stiffness and geometric effect to the iron tower component's stiffness. In the heavy ice area, such simplification is possibly inappropriate. Base on the parallel principle, proposed the ice-coated compression bar flexural stiffness formula, and proofed result correctness through finite element computation. Took the circular solid section and circular tuber section ice-coated tower components for example, ice-coated tower components were equivalent to compound materials in heavy ice area. Under certain load condition, compared the deflection and stiffness of tower component covered the different thickness ice, which took the line load with equivalent to the compound materials. Result showed that in the heavy ice area, the ice geometry effect has increased the tower component stiffness. The influence is more obvious to the tower stiffness than its dead-weight.

In virtue of effect of N-S intensive ground stress and mining disturbance to +579E2EB1+2 mining site at Weihuliang Mine, the dip angle and section height is 65° and 52 m, respectively, the collapses happed frequently during mining. Firstly, mining conditions, spatial structure and parameters were investigated. Then physical simulation and dynamic numerical tracing and elaborate simulation relating roof and top-coal were applied based on 2D-Block Program and quantitative regularity of stress at variable depths had been estimated. Furthermore, it was manifested that effective measures, i.e., fast mining, control symmetrical top-coal-caving at dip and strike directions, optimizing ventilation system, active-stereo preventing gas were performed successfully in mining practice. Ultimately, the derived dynamic hazard were prevented so as to safety mining.

Summary Objectives To evaluate the clinical response and adverse effects of Photofrin photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with relapse nasal pharyngeal cancer. Methods Thirty patients with relapse nasal pharyngeal cancer were randomly divided into PDT group and chemotherapy group. In PDT group, patients received intravenous administration of Photofrin (2 mg/kg b.w.) and 48 h later light (200–300 J/cm) was delivered by a 630 nm diode laser through a cylinder diffuser under endoscopic assistance. Two days after PDT the necrotic tissues were removed and newly identified sites were subject to another round of light irradiation. In chemotherapy group, the routine cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DDP/5-FU) remedy was used. Endoscopic and radiological examinations were performed during 6 months follow-up. The Karnofsy Score was used to evaluate the quality of life. Results The local response and nasal cavity obstruction remission rate in PDT group were better than that in chemotherapy group. The Karnofsy Score was also improved in PDT group. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that Photofrin PDT is effective and safe in treatment of advanced nasal pharyngeal cancer and management of nasal obstruction.

A novel dual-band static Fourier transform imaging spectrometer was designed, which was the spatioorally modulated imaging Fourier transform spectrometer based on Sagnac interferometer. The approach represented a simplification and mass reduction over the traditional approach. It could obtain two-dimensional spatial images and one dimensional spectral image in two bands simultaneously. The two bands was separated through a dichroic prism and imaging in two detectors. one band was the visible and near infrared band, with the spectral range 400nm-1000nm and spectral resolution 187.5 wave numbers; the other was the short wave infrared band, with the spectral range 1000nm- 2500nm and spectral resolution 150 wave numbers. To reduce the size of the Interferometer, a high aperture compression ratio telescope system was designed before. The optical aperture was compressed to 1/10, and the volume of interferometer was reduced to 1/1000. For the convenience of engineering implementation, the telescope was composed of two no-aberration object lens: fore-lens and Collimating lens. The two band imaging spectrometers shared the primary lens and the second lens of the fore-lens and use their own collimating lens, interferometers and Fourier transform lens. The collimating lens and the Fourier transform lens of each spectrometer could be designed to the same structural style and parameters. The both spectrometers had a focal length of 1000mm, F number of 5, FOV(field of view) of 1°. Moreover, both image qualities were close to the diffraction limit, the distortion was less than 2%. The advantage of the instrument was that dual band spectral image could be acquired at the same time and the interferometer was miniaturized extremely in the case of unchanged technical indicators. © 2014 SPIE.

Previously, prior biliary tract surgery was considered a contraindication to laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation. In this paper, we present our experience with laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation for patients with the choledocholithiasis for whom the endoscopic sphincterotomy has failed or is contraindicated.A retrospective analysis was performed on data from the attempted laparoscopic reoperation of 39 patients, examining open conversion rates, operative times, complications, and length of hospital stay.Of 39 cases, 38 were completed laparoscopically: 1 case required a conversion to the open operation because of difficulty in exposing the common bile duct. Mean operative time was 135 minutes. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. Procedures included 3 cases of laparoscopic residual gallbladder resection, 13 cases of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure of choledochotomy, and 22 cases of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and choledochotomy with T-tube drainage. There was 1 case of duodenal perforation during dissection, which was repaired laparoscopically. There were 2 cases of retained stones. Postoperative asymptomatic hypermalasia occurred in 3 cases. There were no complications due to port placement, no postoperative bleeding, bile or bowel leakage, and no mortality. At a mean follow-up time of 18 months, there was no recurrence or formation of duct stricture.The laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is safe and feasible for experienced laparoscopic surgeons and is an alternative choice for patients with choledocholithiasis for whom the endoscopic sphincterectomy has failed or is contraindicated.

Residual smile limits the application of Czerny;Turner plane grating spectrometer in the imaging spectrometer. In this paper, different from the traditional method of smile correction based on prism, a method is proposed, which is based on the tilt field mirror. The field curve is corrected, at the same time, the different wavelength slit images in different regions of the field lens are corrected, and the other optical properties of the system are not changed. The Czerny Turner imaging spectrometer slit is 7.8 millimeter length and 0.016 millimeter wide, spectral range from 0.31 to 0.5 microns, spectral resolution 0.4 nanometers, the object focal length 70 millimeters, 1:1 magnification. Optimization design results, MTF over 0.8, RMS spot radius less than 9 microns, the relative smile less than 0.2%, meet the design requirements. It shows that the method can be used in the systems with weak signal and low transmittance optical glass. © 2016, Chinese Optical Society. All right reserved.

AIM: Transcystic biliary decompression (TCBD) has been proposed as an alternative to T-tube placement after laparoscopic choledochotomy (LCD). This permits safe primary closure of the choledochotomy and eliminates the complications associated with T-tubes. TCBD tube has been secured by Roeder knots and transfixation, and removed later than 3 wk after surgery. We presented a modified TCBD (mTCBD) method after LCD using the ureteral catheter and the Lapro-Clip (David and Geck, Danbury, Connecticut, USA), and compared it with T-tube drainage. METHODS: Between October 2002 and June 2003, patients with choledocholithiasis undergoing LCD with mTCBD (mTCBD Group, n = 30) were retrospectively compared to those undergoing LCD with T-tube drainage (T-tube Group, n = 52) at a single institution. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in operative time and retained stones between the two groups. Patients in mTCBD group had a significantly decreased average output of bile compared with those in T-tube group (306 ± 141 vs 409 ± 243 mL/24 h, P = 0.000). Removal of drain tubes in mTCBD group was done significantly earlier than that in T-tube group (median, 5 vs 29 d, P = 0.000). No complication related to drain tubes was found in mTCBD group, and morbidity rate with the T-tube was significantly higher (11.5%), and bile leakage following T-tube removal was 5.8%. CONCLUSION: A modified TCBD after LCD is safe, effective and easy to perform. It may reduce postoperative complications, especially bile leakage.

A super resolution optic three-dimensional imaging based on compressed sensing was proposed for better optic imaging, in which imaging system was consisted of object glass, coding template, dispersion element, collimating lens, focus lens, detector in the front, hyperspectral data was reconstructed in the end by sparse reconstruction algorithm, so the most of data processing was transformed to the back-end from the imaging system. Meanwhile, Piece reconstruction, dislocation pretreatment and multi-frame reconstruction were used for improving accuracy of reconstruction, reducing memory of the back-processing, lowing computation complexity. By comparing the spectral curve, signal noise ratio, spectral error of the original and the reconstructed data cube, and doing classification and identification analysis, it was gained that the proposed compressed sensing could realize super resolution optic three-dimensional imaging, which have better property in imaging and data application, it can be used in big breath, high resolution, low power consumption and moving-target imaging observation. ©, 2015, Chinese Optical Society. All right reserved.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of biliary tract reoperation by laparoscopy for the patients with retained or recurrent stones who failed in endoscopic sphincterotomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from attempted laparoscopic reoperation for 39 patients in a single institution was performed, examining open conversion rates, operative times, complications, and hospital stay. RESULTS: Out of the 39 cases, 38 (97%) completed laparoscopy, 1 required conversion to open operation because of difficulty in exposing the common bile duct. The mean operative time was 135 min. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 4 d. Procedures included laparoscopic residual gallbladder resection in 3 cases, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure at choledochotomy in 13 cases, and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and choledochotomy with T tube drainage in 22 cases. Duodenal perforation occurred in 1 case during dissection and was repaired laparoscopically. Retained stones were found in 2 cases. Postoperative asymptomatic hyperamylasemia occurred in 3 cases. There were no complications due to port placement, postoperative bleeding, bile or bowel leakage and mortality. No recurrence or formation of duct stricture was observed during a mean follow-up period of 18 mo. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is safe and feasible if it is performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons, and is an alternative choice for patients with choledocholithiasis who fail in endoscopic sphincterectomy.

AIM: Choledocholithiasis is present in 5 to 10 percent of patients who have cholelithiasis. In the area of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) have been used to treat choledocholithiasis. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and hospital costs of LCBDE with IOES. METHODS: Between November 1999 and October 2002, patients with choledocholithiasis undergoing LC plus LCBDE (Group A, n = 45) were retrospectively compared to those undergoing LC plus IOES (Group B, n = 57) at a single institution. RESULTS: Ductal stone clearance rates were equivalent for the two groups (88% versus 89%, P = 0.436). The conversion rate was higher for Group B (8.8% versus 4.4%, P = 0.381), as was the morbidity (12.3% versus 6.7%, P = 0.336). There were no other significant differences between the two groups. The complications were mainly related to endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), and the hospital costs were significantly increased in this subset of Group B (median, 23910 versus 14955 RMB yuan, P = 0.03). Although hospital stay was longer in Group A (median, 7 versus 6 days, P = 0.041), the patients in Group A had a significantly decreased cost of hospitalization compared with those in Group B (median, 11 362 versus 15 466 RMB yuan, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate equivalent ductal stone clearance rates for the two groups. LCBDE management appears safer, and is associated with a significantly decreased hospital cost. The findings suggest LCBDE for choledocholithiasis is a better option.