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Sb2Se3 is an emerging and promising thin-film photovoltaic absorber material. However, for commonly CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction device structure, low carrier concentration and back contact barrier will prevent the further improvement of device efficiency. Here we have successfully applied Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole-transport layer (HTL) to construct a low-cost n-i-p Sb2Se3 solar cell with FTO/CdS/Sb2Se3/CZTS/Carbon configuration. We found that CZTS HTL can effectively suppress the back interface carrier recombination and improve carrier collection efficiency in the Sb2Se3 solar cells. The average Jsc, FF, and efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells with an optimum CZTS HTL are increased by 10.64%, 7.91%, and 17.14%, respectively, compared with Sb2Se3 solar cells without a HTL. Consequently, with CZTS NPs as HTL and carbon as electrode, the n-i-p Sb2Se3 solar cells have achieved a champion efficiency of 6.06%.

Background Meat quality is a prerequisite to the consumer's acceptability and industrial profitability. Post-translational modifications, changes in myofibrillar protein degradation and myoglobin oxidation have a great impact on meat quality during post-mortem aging of muscle. Applying proteomics to search for protein biomarkers to accurately assess meat quality is a new strategy to ensure high-quality meat. Scope and approach The current progress of using proteomics to identify potential protein biomarkers of meat quality traits during post-mortem aging of muscles has been reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of protein separation, identification and quantitative analysis are summarized. Some potential protein biomarkers of meat quality traits belonging to different biological pathways involved in muscle contraction, metabolism, heat stress, oxidation, proteolysis and apoptosis are debated. Recently, biomarkers have been used to characterize meat tenderness, color and water-holding capacity to better understand the biological processes and pathways occurring in post-mortem muscles, and their detailed molecular mechanisms are discussed in this review. Key finding and conclusion Post-mortem aging of muscle is a complex process that involves physical and biochemical changes at the cellular level. Clarifying the changes and mechanisms of muscle-to-meat conversion is of great significance in identifying protein markers for assessing meat quality. Previous studies of the biomarkers linked to meat tenderness, color and water-holding capacity are summarized. We found that some great challenges still exist in characterizing and predicting the accuracy, stability and industrial application of meat quality biomarkers. Based on these studies, future research about biomarkers of meat quality traits are proposed to tackle these challenges and to assess the meat quality more accurately. Therefore, applying proteomics as an emerging technology can be helpful to ensure high-quality meat and provide economic benefits for the meat industry.

With the continuous expansion of the scale of the power grid and the gradual maturity of the application of drones, drones with the advantages of flexibility and convenience can overcome terrain constraints while reducing manpower and safety risks and can be well qualified for the power inspection work under the large-scale development of the power grid and improve the inspection efficiency. However, the massive amount of data collected by UAV power line inspection relies on the human judgment through the naked eyes of staff, and the recognition efficiency is very low and the accuracy rate is subjectively influenced. In recent years, the gradual introduction of traditional machine learning and deep learning has led to significant improvements in inspection efficiency and accuracy. The autonomous obstacle avoidance technology based on the inherent electromagnetic field characteristics of power lines makes it possible for UAVs to cruise autonomously. Based on a systematic summary of the achieved results, this paper briefly reviews the overall development of both power component detection and autonomous cruise in UAV power line inspection. At the same time, the current problems and future research trends are described, expecting to provide references for further research in this field.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most active field in immuno-oncology and brings substantial benefit to patients with B cell malignancies. However, the complex procedure for CAR T-cell generation hampers its widespread applications. Here, we describe a novel approach in which human CAR T cells can be generated within the host upon injecting an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying the CAR gene, which we call AAV delivering CAR gene therapy (ACG). Upon single infusion into a humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgem26/Nju tumor mouse model of human T-cell leukemia, AAV generates sufficient numbers of potent in vivo CAR cells, resulting in tumor regression; these in vivo-generated CAR cells produce antitumor immunological characteristics. This instantaneous generation of in vivo CAR T cells may bypass the need for patient lymphodepletion, as well as the β processes of traditional CAR T-cell production, which may make CAR therapy simpler and less expensive. It may allow the development of intricate, individualized treatments in the form of on-demand and diverse therapies.

Surface cleaning has always been an important procedure to improve quality and performance of final components in modern industrial manufacturing. Among various surface cleanings, laser cleaning has been identified as the most promising green cleaning technology to replace conventional mechanical and chemical cleaning. Laser cleaning is a green cleaning technology that will not result in environmental pollution. And, laser cleaning is a versatile, precise, and controllable technology. A set of laser cleaning system that consists of line structured light and industrial manipulator, was designed in this paper. The line structured light, combined with camera, was used to scan workpiece surface and reconstruct the 3D model of workpiece surface. The industrial manipulator was utilized to perform scanning and cleaning movements. This new system is called Laser Cleaning Robot (LCR). To improve automation level and cleaning efficiency of the LCR, a path generation method based on line structured light and industrial manipulator was proposed in this paper. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of cleaning efficiency for large-scale workpiece.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological cancers and got FDA approval for B cells tumor. However, the complex manufacturing process and limited success in solids tumors hamper its widespread applications and provoke new strategies to overcome above-mentioned hurdles. In last decade, nanotech provides sustainable strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy for vaccine development, and in delivery of immunomodulatory drugs. Nanotech can boost the CAR-T therapy and may overcome the existing challenges by emerging as a carrier for CAR therapy, or in a joint venture it may defeat the solid tumor more effectively than the conventional approaches. However, the unraveling of cellular mechanisms, barriers, and the potential strategies that could be used to manipulate and/or educate cells would enable unprecedented advances in nanotech for biologics delivery. This review outlines the journey and barriers of nanoparticles (NPs) across the cell. Afterward, the approaches to tackle those barriers and strategies to modulate NPs as a carrier for CAR therapy are discussed. Finally, the role of NPs in CAR-T therapy and the potential challenges are summarized. The main purpose of this review is to provide the readers with a detailed overview of NPs based CAR-T therapy research, and distill this information into an accessible form conducive to design desired CAR therapy by NPs approach.

The gain of the avalanche photodiode (APD) is temperature sensitive, which greatly limits the application of APD for the all-weather operation in field. In this paper, a dual temperature compensation circuit for APD that included temperature control and high voltage compensation was designed. The temperature control part uses MAX1978 for APD proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature control through thermistor and thermo electric cooler (TEC), so that APD temperature is kept constant in a certain ambient temperature range. According to general diode‘s temperature characteristics, the high voltage compensation part compensates for the high voltage drift needed to stabilize the gain of the APD when ambient temperature changes, using diode 1N914. This further improves the gain stability of the APD. The dual temperature compensation circuit improves the stability of the APD gain, expands the range of APD's ambient temperature and reduces the thermal noise.

Chromatic confocal point sensors are used to measure the high-precision surface distance, and it’s based on the theory of chromatic dispersion and encodes the distance between the measure surface and chromatic lens. By accurately measuring the wavelength value, it indirectly calculates the distance to object surface. The accuracy of the sensor depends on the chromatic range of the lens and the resolution of the spectrograph. In this paper, the algorithm of spectral peak positioning can effectively filter kinds of noise, such as spectrometer and light source. The spectral data signal peak is extracted by Gaussian fitting method. In practice, the wavelength position can be stably detected effectively.

A novel mode division multiplexer with low loss, low crosstalk is proposed for a type of few mode ring-core fiber (FM-RCF) in our paper. A novel FM-RCF with pure silica ring-core and larger effective refractive index difference (>1 × 10−3) between the modes is proposed as mode transmission channel of our multiplexer. The ring-core channel structure and the larger effective refractive index difference (>1 × 10−3) between the modes are used to effectively reduce the mode crosstalk and improve the mode extinction ratio. Pure silica ring-core is employed to effectively reduce the transmission attenuation and splicing loss. The (de)multiplexing of LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes for FM-RCF is realized. In this paper, the performance of mode division multiplexer is studied by using the beam propagation method and finite element method. The coupling efficiency and extinction ratio of the mode division multiplexer is better than −7.83 dB and 28.13 dB in the range of 1400 nm–1700 nm. The coupling efficiency of the mode division multiplexer is better than −1.39 dB in C band, which is better than −1.69 dB in the previous reference. The extinction ratio of the LP01 mode is more than 48.13 dB in the C band, which is 11.76 dB higher than the average extinction ratio of LP11 mode. The extinction ratios of the three modes are better than 35.42 dB, which is 15.42 dB higher than those of the modes in the previous reference. The intrinsic losses of few mode ring-core transmission channels are all 0.154 dB/km at 1. 54 μ m.

A novel six-core few-mode fiber is proposed in this paper. The refractive index of each core is graded and pure silica is adopted in the center of each core. Four supermodes are achieved using full-vector finite element method in this fiber. Pure silica cores are employed to effectively reduce the intrinsic loss. The larger effective refractive index difference between the modes is used to effectively reduce the mode crosstalk. The low bending loss is realized by using the trench refractive index at the cladding. The six cores of the fiber are arranged in a ring, which shows the performance of the ring-core fiber supporting the single radial mode and the larger effective refractive index difference between the modes.

An improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model is utilized to predict spindle deformation based on temperature data. The improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model combines the fuzzy logic qualitative approach and neural network adaptive capabilities, and it is composed of fuzzy filtering and adaptive layers. A verification experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model. Nine Pt100 thermal resistances are employed to monitor spindle temperature. An inductive current sensor is utilized to detect spindle deformation. Experimental results show that the improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model can better predict spindle deformation than back propagation network, and it can significantly improve the performance of the spindle. Under the new cutting condition, the residual error of spindle deformation along the z-axis can be reduced to less than 6 µm.

An 8–18 GHz broadband high power amplifier (HPA) with a hybrid integrated circuit (HIC) is designed and fabricated. This HPA is achieved with the use of a 4-fingered micro-strip Lange coupler in a GaAs MMIC process. In order to decrease electromagnetic interference, a multilayer AlN material with good heat dissipation is adopted as the carrier of the power amplifier. When the input power is 25 dBm, the saturated power of the continuous wave (CW) outputted by the power amplifier is more than 39 dBm within the frequency range of 8–13 GHz, while it is more than 38.6 dBm within other frequency ranges. We obtain the peak power output, 39.4 dBm, at the frequency of 11.9 GHz. In the whole frequency band, the power-added efficiency is more than 18%. When the input power is 18 dBm, the small signal gain is 15.7 ± 0.7 dB. The dimensions of the HPA are 25 × 15 × 1.5 mm3.