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Highlights • HPV infection in men having sex with men (MSM) was studied in two cities of Vietnam • Prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 among MSM was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively • High-risk HPV infections in MSM were associated with risky sexual behaviours • A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would be beneficial for MSM in Vietnam, Objectives Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population. Methods A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018. Information was collected on risk behaviours, and knowledge of HPV and anal cancer; rectal swabs were taken to detect anal HPV infection. An in-house polymerase chain reaction and Genoflow HPV array test kit were used for HPV detection and genotyping. Results The median age of the study participants was 25 years (range 18-52). Overall prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 infection was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection to all 14 types tested was found in Ho Chi Minh City (30.9%) than in Hanoi (18.4%). High-risk HPV infection was associated with inconsistent condom use and history of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.48-10.67), as well as having multiple sexual partners (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02). Conclusions High-risk anal HPV infections in Vietnamese MSM were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviours. A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would have substantial benefit for MSM in Vietnam.

This article is concerned with the internationalisation of higher education and student mobility for society and community engagement purposes. Drawing on the specific case study of Universiti Brunei Darussalam’s Community Outreach Programme overseas, it examines the programme’s operation in Vietnam as well as investigates Bruneian students’ experiences during their programme activities in this Asian country. The article also explores the impacts of such experiences on the students’ growth and transformations. The reported growth and transformations, on the one hand, demonstrate the importance of social engagement beyond campus and correspond to the internationalisation in higher education for society agenda recently advocated by international education scholars and practitioners. They also offer rich insights into (inter-Asian) student mobility for non-academic purposes, which remain largely under-researched. On the other hand, underlying the students’ transformative experiences are many issues associated with student safety and wellbeing that require ethical responses and appropriate adaptive pedagogies.

Further researches on banking industry to suggest bank policies and macro policies for sustainable development is becoming necessary.One of our purposes is to evaluating how much impacts in the market risk of a big listed Vietnam commercial bank, Sacombank- STB with semiannual data. It will serve for better management of bank and will contribute for sustainable economic development.Our traditional methods still be with qualitative analysis including synthesis and inductive, combined with OLS for 9 macro variables, findings show CPI and GDP growth, rate of loans and risk free rate (Rf) will put more impacts on market risk while external indicators (exchange rate and SP500) just put tiny effect on beta CAPM.This study can be functioned as references for further researches in other markets.

This paper draws on a small-scale qualitative study with international students enrolled in various English- and Chinese-medium instruction programs in Chinese universities. It seeks to explore these students’ educational experiences and their perceptions of China and China’s higher education. Our study provides ample evidence about the irrelevance of Chinese language in the current policies and practices of Chinese universities regarding internationalization and international students. It also counters earlier studies that show how deeply rooted the discourses of native speaker and native-speaking varieties of English are in English-medium-instruction programs around the world. All in all, the paper makes theoretical and empirical contributions to the emerging literature on international students’ education and academic experiences in China. Through accounts obtained from international students of varied backgrounds, the paper also sheds light on nuances of internationalization, medium of instruction, and academic mobilities.

The purpose of this study is to test whether visual processing differences between adults with and without high-functioning autism captured through eye tracking can be used to detect autism. We record the eye movements of adult participants with and without autism while they look for information within web pages. We then use the recorded eye-tracking data to train machine learning classifiers to detect the condition. The data was collected as part of two separate studies involving a total of 71 unique participants (31 with autism and 40 control), which enabled the evaluation of the approach on two separate groups of participants, using different stimuli and tasks. We explore the effects of a number of gaze-based and other variables, showing that autism can be detected automatically with around 74% accuracy. These results confirm that eye-tracking data can be used for the automatic detection of high-functioning autism in adults and that visual processing differences between the two groups exist when processing web pages.

Recently, fault-aware retraining has emerged as a promising approach to improve the error resilience of Deep Neu-ral Networks (DNNs) against manufacturing-induced defects in DNN accelerators. However, state-of-the-art fault-aware training techniques incur a gigantic retraining overhead due to their per-chip retraining nature for the chip’s unique fault map, which may render it practically infeasible if retraining is done on large datasets. To address this major limitation and improve the practicability of the fault-aware retraining methodology, this work proposes a novel concept of merging fault maps to effectively retrain a DNN for a group of faulty chips in a single fault-aware retraining round. The merging of fault maps enables to avoid per chip retraining and thereby reduces the retraining overhead significantly. However, the merging of fault maps brings in new challenges such as training divergence (accuracy collapse) if a high number of accumulated faults are injected into the network in the first epoch. To address these challenges, we propose a methodology for effective merging of fault maps and then retraining of DNNs. Experimental results show that our methodology offers at least 1.4x retraining speedup on average while improving the error resilience of the network (depending on the DNN models and the number of merged fault maps). For example, for the Resnet-32 model using fault map generated from 5 fault maps at the fault rate 6e-3, our methodology offers 2x retraining speedup and 0.6% classification accuracy drop against per-chip retraining.

As healthcare costs continue to rise, healthcare consumers expect service quality to improve. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Total Quality Management by a healthcare faci...

Business and researchers have paid increasingly more attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in term of their sustainable reports. These disclosures supply information for not only managers in strategic decision-making, but also other stakeholders in measuring and evaluating corporate social performance (CSP). Although the development of literature on CSR disclosure, the CSR's measurement is not yet unified because of different perspectives and methodology. The question is how to measure CSP through analyzing CSR disclosure. This paper aims to present the theoretical background of CSR and CSR disclosure. Based on the conceptual framework, the research exposes the drivers of CSR reporting as well as debates prior research on CSR disclosure and its consequences. Furthermore, a measurement method of CSP proposed building on CSR disclosure index in this paper. It devotes to enrich the corporate social responsibility reporting literature, offers implications for practice as well as outlines promising avenues for future research, especially in the differences of CSR disclosure among different countries.

Highlights • Non-motor features may negatively impact those with young-onset Parkinson disease. • Sleep/fatigue was the most severely affected, followed by mood/cognition. • These domains independently predicted health-related quality of life (HRQoL)., Background Young onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) is a distinct entity from typical late onset Parkinson’s disease (LOPD). The influene of non-motor features on the health - related quality of life (HRQoL) in LOPD has been previously reported, but little is known about the impact of non-motor features in YOPD. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between non-motor burden and HRQoL in patients with YOPD. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study in patients with a PD, whose age at disease onset ranged from 21 to 40 years (YOPD). Participants were assessed with the MDS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) and the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39; range 0–100). Spearman’s rank test was used to identify correlations between NMSS domains and several dimension of HRQoL. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of HRQoL as measured by PDQ-39 summary index. Results 89 patients with YOPD mean (SD) age = 42.15 (5.84) participated. Patients reported 10.17 (4.74) non-motor symptoms, the most common (75%) and severe (median = 3) of which was was fatigue (IQR = 7). The most frequently reported and severely affected NMSS domain was sleep/fatigue (89.9%, median = 8; IQR = 13) followed by mood/cognition (83.1%, median = 6; IQR = 18) and attention/memory (82%, median = 5; IQR = 8). The mean (SD) summary index of PDQ-39 was 32.89 (16.8). The means (SD) of each PDQ-39 dimensions were: mobility 37.33 (21.96), ADL 42.93 (25.33), emotional well-being 39.77 (25.47), stigma 38.19 (28.44), social support 19.03 (22.89), cognition 29.59 (20.63), communication 26.96 (23.57), and bodily discomfort 29.96 (23.19). With the exception of gastrointestinal tract and sexual function, all other NMSS domain scores were correlated with the PDQ-39 summary index. The multivariate model revealed that three NMSS domains including sleep/fatigue, mood/cognition and attention/memory accompanied with UPDRS part III were independent predictors of HRQoL as measured by PDQ-39SI. Conclusions Non-motor symptoms pertaining to sleep disturbances/fatigue, mood/cognition and attention/memory negatively impact HRQoL in patients with YOPD.

We introduce DeepSPEC, a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) -based approach for frequency-and-phase correction (FPC) of MRS spectra to achieve fast and accurate FPC of single-voxel PRESS MRS and MEGA-PRESS data. In DeepSPEC, two neural networks, including one for frequency correction and one for phase correction were trained and validated using published simulated and in vivo PRESS and MEGA-PRESS MRS dataset with wide-range artificial frequency and phase offsets applied. DeepSPEC was subsequently tested and compared to the current deep learning solution - a “vanilla” neural network approach using multilayer perceptrons (MLP). Furthermore, random noise was added to the original simulated dataset to further investigate the model performance with noise at varied signal-to-noise (SNR) levels (i.e., 6 dB, 3 dB, and 1.5 dB). The testing showed that DeepSPEC is more robust to noise compared to the MLP-based approach due to having a smaller absolute error in both frequency and phase offset prediction. The DeepSPEC framework was capable of correcting frequency offset with 0.01±0.01 Hz and phase offset with 0.12±0.09° absolute errors on average for unseen simulated data at a high SNR (12 dB) and correcting frequency offset with 0.01±0.02 Hz and phase offset within -0.07±0.44° absolute errors on average at very low SNR (1.5 dB). Furthermore, additional frequency and phase offsets (i.e., small, moderate, large) were applied to the in vivo dataset, and DeepSPEC demonstrated better performance for FPC when compared to the MLP-based approach. Results also show DeepSPEC has superior performance than the model-based SR implementation (mSR) in FPC by having higher accuracy in a wider range of additional offsets. These results represent a proof of concept for the use of CNNs for preprocessing MRS data and demonstrate that DeepSPEC accurately predicts frequency and phase offsets at varying noise levels with state-of-the-art performance.

This paper proposes a method to enhance the quality of detecting and classifying surface vehicle propeller cavitation noise (VPCN) in shallow water by using the improved Detection Envelope Modulation On Noise (DEMON) algorithm in combination with the modified Convolution Neural Network (CNN). To improve the quality of the VPCN spectrogram signal, we apply the DEMON algorithm while analyzing the amplitude variation (AV) to detect the fundamental frequencies of the VPCN signal. To enhance the performance of the traditional CNN, we adapt the size of the sliding window in accordance with the properties of the VPCN spectrogram data, and also reconstruct the CNN layer structure. As for the results, the fundamental frequencies contented in the VPCN spectrogram data can be detected. The analytical results based on the measured data show that the accuracy of the VPCN classification obtained by the proposed method is above 90%, which is higher than those obtained by traditional methods.

International audience; Clean label is an important trend in the food industry. It aims at washing foods of chemicals perceived as unhealthy by consumers. Microorganisms are present in many foods (usually fermented), they exhibit a diversity of metabolism and some can bring probiotic properties. They are usually well considered by consumers and, with progresses in the knowledge of their physiology and behavior, they can become very precise tools to produce or degrade specific compounds. They are thus an interesting means to obtain clean label foods. In this review, we propose to discuss some current research to use microorganisms to produce clean label foods with examples improving sensorial, textural, health and nutritional properties.

Preclinical evidence suggests that adult blood pressure (BP) may be modified by the prenatal endocrine environment. Specifically, in several animal models, higher prenatal testosterone exposure increases the risk of hypertension in later life. We investigated the prospective association between prenatal testosterone levels (as measured in umbilical cord blood) and BP at 20 to 27 years in 434 participants from the Raine Study. As expected, median bioavailable testosterone, the fraction of total testosterone either free or bound to serum albumin, was higher in males than females (0.12 [Q1–Q3, 0.09–0.19] versus 0.07 [Q1–Q3, 0.05–0.1] nmol/L; P P =0.007) and diastolic BP ( P =0.002) in young adults at 20 and 27 years, after adjusting for change in BP over time and potential confounders. In these models, one SD increase in bioavailable testosterone equated to a 1 mm Hg increase in systolic BP (regression coefficient, 11.1 [95% CI, 4.1–21.11]) and diastolic BP (regression coefficient, 10.15 [95% CI, 3.67–15.93]). There was no significant difference detected between males and females in the association between bioavailable testosterone and adult BP. These data from a large unselected population indicate that higher fetal testosterone levels in late pregnancy are associated with higher BP in young adulthood.

In this paper, we propose a digital network coding protocol to enhance data rate for the secondary network in underlay cognitive radio environment. In the proposed protocol, transmit antenna selection and selection combining techniques are respectively used by a primary transmitter and a primary receiver to enhance performance for a primary network. In a secondary network, two secondary sources exchange their information via assistance of a common secondary relay that employs interference cancellation method to reduce one time slot, as compared with the conventional digital network coding protocol. We derive expressions of transmit power of the secondary nodes under a constraint of outage probability (OP) given by the primary network. Exact and asymptotic closed-form formulas of OP of the secondary network over Rayleigh fading channel are derived, and verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.

With modern advancements, the world is much smaller and this is particularly true in the internationalisation of higher education (IHE). There has been an exponential rise in the number of international students around the world and the extraordinary amount of global student mobility. However, COVID-19 has had far-reaching consequences, and it is not an exaggeration to claim that it has changed the world for IHE in multiple respects. Many international students are bearing the brunt of these shifts and are still dealing with the ramifications in terms of their academic pursuits, livelihoods, and their physical, emotional, and mental health. This chapter considers the experiences of a number of international students pursuing their degrees at a Bruneian university and how they have navigated the challenges they have faced due to pandemic effects and restrictions. In doing so, it surfaces a number of lessons that all those involved have learned along the way. Via the experiences, reflections and voices from these students and their accounts of what Brunei has been doing to engage them in a community of care and support, the chapter places at the central stage some core values associated with internationalisation and student mobility that have been overshadowed by the aggressive promotion of competition, commercialisation and neoliberal practices in many higher education systems. The chapter then argues for humanistic internationalisation and internationalisation at home as core conceptualisation, policy and practice for global higher education.

Deep learning has demonstrated the important roles in improving the system performance and reducing computational complexity for $5$G-and-beyond networks. In this paper, we propose a new channel estimation method with the assistance of deep learning in order to support the least squares estimation, which is a low-cost method but having relatively high channel estimation errors. This goal is achieved by utilizing a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system with a multi-path channel profile used for simulations in the 5G networks under the severity of Doppler effects. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed deep learning-assisted channel estimation method over the other channel estimation methods in previous works in terms of mean square errors., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, and 3 tables. This paper was presented at IMCOM 2021

This chapter foregrounds and discusses the intertwined relationships between globalisation, nation building, education and reform as manifested and evolving in multiple forms throughout the modern history of Brunei Darussalam, an Islamic monarchy located on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. The chapter explains the conceptualisation of the book and details the four interactive parts constituting the collection. These parts are ‘Contextualising Brunei and Its Education Systems: History, Ideology and Major Reforms’, ‘Curriculum and Pedagogical Issues: Teachers’ Knowledge and Beliefs, and New Developments’, ‘MIB in Teacher Training, Curriculum, Classroom Practice, and Society’ and ‘COVID-19, Society and Education’. The chapter also points out important themes and questions investigated throughout the book. It provides initial introduction to major initiatives, deliberations and changes in the education system, from policy narratives to teacher training and innovations to curriculum implementation and everyday teaching and learning at higher education institutions and in schools. It offers rich overviews and analyses of the incorporation of Brunei’s national philosophy Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) or Malay Islamic Monarchy into every aspect of education. The Islamisation of knowledge and the roles of teachers as moral guides and moral educators are also among the key issues highlighted in the chapter. What is more, the chapter touches upon the increasing influence of social media on Brunei’s education and students, as well as the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on policy, pedagogy, practice and the internationalisation and globalisation of education in this sultanate. All in all, the chapter shows a vivid, dynamic, changing yet unique picture of nation building, education, reform and globalisation as they unfold, interact, mingle and evolve in varied educational settings in Brunei.

This paper contains the description for the submission of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) for the multilingual TEDx translation task in the IWSLT 2021 evaluation campaign. Our main approach is to develop both cascade and end-to-end systems and eventually combine them together to achieve the best possible results for this extremely low-resource setting. The report also confirms certain consistent architectural improvement added to the Transformer architecture, for all tasks: translation, transcription and speech translation.

To date, the spread of COVID-19 has severely affected higher education institutions (HEIs) across the globe, including those in Brunei Darussalam. Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brunei on 9 March 2020, the government and higher education institutions in the country imposed a sudden temporary closure disrupting educational and research endeavours. Today, Brunei has managed to contain the spread of the pandemic, and educational affairs are resumed with precautionary measures. This chapter offers an overview of pedagogical issues as experienced and reflected upon by academics teaching at four public HEIs in Brunei over the last two semesters. The chapter also presents their recommendations and discusses implications of the so-called pandemic pedagogy.

The study is conducted to determine the relationship between total assets and return on assets (ROA) and to find the optimal size of commercial banks in Vietnam. Based on the data collected from 31 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007–2017, the results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between total assets and ROA of commercial banks in Vietnam. The current total assets of commercial banks are still much below the optimal size. Therefore, the policies of the Central Bank and bank’s owners should focus on increasing bank’s capitial as well as bank’s financial capacity.

In recent years, with the increasing proportion of renewable energy, some system problems have gradually emerged. To reduce the economic cost of system operations and improve power system reliability, renewable power forecasting is an indispensable part. Compared with the deterministic prediction, the probabilistic forecast considers the uncertainty, which helps manage risks and make decisions for power grids. This study proposes a novel probabilistic forecasting method for wind power generation, which includes data preprocessing, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) training model with fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, and post processing of predicted-interval. The input data of the proposed probabilistic forecasting model include the numerical weather prediction (NWP) ensemble wind speeds, NWP spot wind-speed forecasts, and historical wind power measurements. For practical applications, measured data of power generation at actual wind farms were used to compare different forecasting models. The research results demonstrate that the proposed model supports better performance and prediction stability. Furthermore, this work reveals the importance of both data preprocessing and post processing of predicted interval on wind power forecasting. These essential processes greatly improve the performance of the probabilistic wind power forecasts.

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) - the state-of-the-art computational models for many Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications - are inherently compute and resource-intensive and, hence, cannot exploit traditional redundancy-based fault mitigation techniques for enhancing the dependability of DNN-based systems. Therefore, there is a dire need to search for alternate methods that can improve their reliability without high expenditure of resources by exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of these networks. In this paper, we present cross-layer approaches that, based on the intrinsic characteristics of DNNs, employ software and hardware-level modifications for improving the resilience of DNN-based systems to hardware-level faults, e.g., soft errors and permanent faults.

This article is about ‘global south’ actors and global south–global south interactions in the context of the internationalization of higher education (IHE), with a focus on a Vietnamese university ...

In this study we present the plasmonic effect enhanced photocurrent in gold (Au) decorated on nanostructured TiO2 films (Au@TiO2). The Au@TiO2 electrodes were successfully prepared by means of vacuum evaporation, followed by thermal annealing. It was found that the average size of Au nanoparticles depends on the thickness of the deposited Au layer and the morphology of nanostructured TiO2 films. Strong plasmonic resonance absorption effects were observed in the samples of Au deposited on TiO2 nanoparticle films (Au@TiO2-NPs) where the resonance absorption peaks shifted to red wavelengths ranging from 534 nm to 617 nm, when Au nanoparticles size changes from 14 nm to 65 nm. For the Au deposited on TiO2 nanowire films (Au@TiO2-NWs), we found that the resonance absorption peak with a large absorbance was located at 547 nm. Photovoltaic properties of the plasmonic solar cells based on Au@TiO2 films as a working electrode were investigated. The results show that the enhancement in photocurrent caused by the plasmonic effect of the Au nanoparticles was strongly dependent on both their size and density.

Among the six challenges of neural machine translation (NMT) coined by (Koehn and Knowles, 2017), rare-word problem is considered the most severe one, especially in translation of low-resource languages. In this paper, we propose three solutions to address the rare words in neural machine translation systems. First, we enhance source context to predict the target words by connecting directly the source embeddings to the output of the attention component in NMT. Second, we propose an algorithm to learn morphology of unknown words for English in supervised way in order to minimize the adverse effect of rare-word problem. Finally, we exploit synonymous relation from the WordNet to overcome out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem of NMT. We evaluate our approaches on two low-resource language pairs: English-Vietnamese and Japanese-Vietnamese. In our experiments, we have achieved significant improvements of up to roughly +1.0 BLEU points in both language pairs.

Objective: Total quality management (TQM) is a useful tool for improving the perceived service quality to increase the customers’ satisfaction (CS) and to maintain their loyalty. The purpose of this study examines TQM in relation to CS and loyalty. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the inpatients who were treated at the National Cancer Hospital, in Vietnam, in April 2018. A total of 516 documents used the analyzed procedure. The dataset was analyzed via the SPSS software 25.0, and the Amos 25.0. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the structural equation modeling of the proposed hypotheses. Results: TQM directly influences CS and has a positive influence on loyalty. Our findings revealed that TQM is the key factor that directly influences CS and loyalty; CS performs a mediating role in the relationship between TQM and loyalty. Implications: The findings have implications for managers and policymakers that TQM factors include Process, Interaction, and Environment quality should be considered in planning with an aim to increase CS and to maintain their loyalty. Therefore, it increases profits for providers that contribute to sustainable survival in a competitive environment. Besides, satisfaction is a mediator factor of TQM and loyalty, so the service organization should consider customers’ satisfaction to maintain loyalty.

1. Introduction Chhinh Sitha, D. Brent Edwards Jr., James H. Williams, and Yuto Kitamura PART I: CONTEXT 2. The Backstory of Education in Cambodia Takayo Ogisu and James H. Williams 3. Getting to the Decision-Making Table in Educational Governance: The Emergence of Cambodian Civil Society within the 'New Global Geometry of Power' D. Brent Edwards Jr. and William C. Brehm PART II: SCHOOLS 4. Pedagogy in Cambodian Schools: A Logic that Governs Teaching and Learning Takayo Ogisu 5. Policy Intention versus Policy Implementation: Disparities in Equity and Diversity in Inclusive Education in Cambodia Makiko Hayashi and D. Brent Edwards Jr. 6. The Structures and Agents Enabling Educational Corruption in Cambodia: Shadow Education and the Business of Examinations William C. Brehm PART III: DROPOUT 7. Does Students' Gender Matter? Parents' Educational Expectations, Their Determinants and Consequences in Explaining Students' Dropout in an Area in Cambodia Thomas Zimmermann and James H. Williams 8. The Complexity of Continuation: A Narrative Perspective on Student Transition and Dropout from Primary to Lower Secondary School in Cambodia D. Brent Edwards Jr., Thomas Zimmermann, Chhinh Sitha, James H. Williams, and Yuto Kitamura PART IV: HIGHER EDUCATION 9. Higher Education in Cambodia: Expansion and Quality Improvement James H. Williams, Yuto Kitamura, and C. Sopcheak Keng 10. Who Wants to Teach in Cambodia? James H. Williams, Yuto Kitamura, Takayo Ogisu, and Thomas Zimmermann 11. Quality of Education and Research in Cambodian Higher Education Institutions Yuto Kitamura, Naoki Umemiya, Yasushi Hirosato, and Sam Sideth Dy PART V: CONCLUSION 12. The Way Forward for Education Reform in Cambodia Chhinh Sitha

This seminar took place at the Institute of Education, University of London, 4 July 2014 (UCL Institute of Education from 2 December 2014).

The internationalization of higher education globally continues to grow more and more towards commercialization and neoliberalism paths, despite growing concerns about the underlying consequences. Building further on our work and using Saudi Arabia as a national case, this article critically investigates how and in what ways the Saudi government's desire to internationalize its higher education system has overlooked the many problems associated with its English-only policy, and the neoliberal shaping of social and economic pressures. The article also demonstrates the paradoxical messages concerning internationalization success, strategies, and visions conveyed by the Saudi government and by several institutions from English-speaking countries in response to Saudi Arabia's aspiration for internationalization of its higher education. We draw on several data sources in this article, specifically: (1) the Colleges of Excellence (CoE) project documents – a major Saudi government's initiative to restructure the...

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in infrastructure based vehicular networks is dedicated to support reliable Internet services for mobile users. However, an end-toend TCP flow not only experiences some common challenges in wireless mobile networks, such as high packet loss rate, medium access competition, unstable wireless bandwidth, and dynamic topology, etc., but also suffers from performance degradation due to traffic congestion at the Road-Side Units (RSUs) that connect the wireline and wireless networks. In order to address the challenging issues related to reliable TCP transmissions in infrastructure based vehicular networks, we propose an RSU based TCP (R-TCP) scheme. For wireline source nodes, R-TCP adopts a novel flow control mechanism to adjust transmission rates according to the status of bottleneck link. Specifically, during the short wireless connection time in Infrastructure based vehicular networks, R-TCP quickly chooses an ideal transmission rate for data transmissions instead of activating the slow start algorithm after the connection is established, and successfully avoids the oscillation of the transmission rate. Simulation results show that R-TCP achieves great advantages than some relate proposals in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss rate.

Neural machine translation (NMT) systems have recently obtained state-of-the art in many machine translation systems between popular language pairs because of the availability of data. For low-resourced language pairs, there are few researches in this field due to the lack of bilingual data. In this paper, we attempt to build the first NMT systems for a low-resourced language pairs:Japanese-Vietnamese. We have also shown significant improvements when combining advanced methods to reduce the adverse impacts of data sparsity and improve the quality of NMT systems. In addition, we proposed a variant of Byte-Pair Encoding algorithm to perform effective word segmentation for Vietnamese texts and alleviate the rare-word problem that persists in NMT systems.

Through the development of neural machine translation, the quality of machine translation systems has been improved significantly. By exploiting advancements in deep learning, systems are now able to better approximate the complex mapping from source sentences to target sentences. But with this ability, new challenges also arise. An example is the translation of partial sentences in low-latency speech translation. Since the model has only seen complete sentences in training, it will always try to generate a complete sentence, though the input may only be a partial sentence. We show that NMT systems can be adapted to scenarios where no task-specific training data is available. Furthermore, this is possible without losing performance on the original training data. We achieve this by creating artificial data and by using multi-task learning. After adaptation, we are able to reduce the number of corrections displayed during incremental output construction by 45%, without a decrease in translation quality., Comment: 5 Pages; Interspeech

We present the preparation and characteristics of liquid-phase sensors based on nano-porous silicon multilayer structures for determination of organic content in gasoline. The principle of the sensor is a determination of the cavity-resonant wavelength shift caused by refractive index change of the nano-porous silicon multilayer cavity due to the interaction with liquids. We use the transfer matrix method (TMM) for the design and prediction of characteristics of microcavity sensors based on nano-porous silicon multilayer structures. The preparation process of the nano-porous silicon microcavity is based on electrochemical etching of single-crystal silicon substrates, which can exactly control the porosity and thickness of the porous silicon layers. The basic characteristics of sensors obtained by experimental measurements of the different liquids with known refractive indices are in good agreement with simulation calculations. The reversibility of liquid-phase sensors is confirmed by fast complete evaporation of organic solvents using a low vacuum pump. The nano-porous silicon microcavity sensors can be used to determine different kinds of organic fuel mixtures such as bio-fuel (E5), A92 added ethanol and methanol of different concentrations up to 15%.

Vietnam's rapidly increasing leather and footwear export trade has made a significant contribution to the country's economic development over recent years. However, the rapid growth of the leather industry causes considerable pollution, which poses increased risks to the environment and human health. A number of policies have been introduced by the government of Vietnam to mitigate the environmental pollution from the tanning industry. They include requirements for tanneries to (i) submit environmental impact assessment reports, (ii) install wastewater treatment systems, and (iii) pay wastewater fees. However, many tanneries in Vietnam did not comply with these regulations. This study aimed at investigating the compliance of Vietnam's tanneries with environmental regulations and to explore policy recommendations for improving their compliance based on a survey of 54 tanneries in Hanoi, Quangnam and Hochiminh city. The results showed that medium-sized and large tanneries responded positively to environmental regulations while none of the small household tanneries surveyed were found to comply. The main reasons for the latter's non-compliance were found to be the lack of technical and financial capacity. Nonetheless, the compliance rate of tanneries in general was found to be much higher than that of other industrial sectors in Vietnam. Inspections, production capacity, location of firms, and type of tannery were found to be significant factors affecting compliance. Raising the penalties for non-compliance, increasing monitoring activities to detect offenders, and employing a multi-stakeholder and collective action approach were seen as possible strategies to bring about the greening of the tanning industry.

In this paper, we offer an in-depth analysis about the modeling and search performance. We address the question if a more complex search algorithm is necessary. Furthermore, we investigate the question if more complex models which might only be applicable during rescoring are promising. By separating the search space and the modeling using $n$-best list reranking, we analyze the influence of both parts of an NMT system independently. By comparing differently performing NMT systems, we show that the better translation is already in the search space of the translation systems with less performance. This results indicate that the current search algorithms are sufficient for the NMT systems. Furthermore, we could show that even a relatively small $n$-best list of $50$ hypotheses already contain notably better translations., Comment: 7 pages, First Workshop on Neural Machine Translation

Nanorod-like TiO2 (nc-TiO2) and MoO3 (nc-MoO3) films were thermally grown from Ti- and Mo-metallic wafers. Nanohybrid films of N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’diamine (NPB)/TiO2 and NPB/MoO3 used as anode/hole transport layer (HTL) heterojunctions in blue organic light emission diodes (OLEDs) were prepared by coating NPB onto the nc-TiO2 and nc-MoO3 and TiO2. Characterization of the nanostructured hybrid layers showed that both the photoluminescent property and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the hybrid materials were significantly enhanced in comparison with the standard NPB polymer. The electroluminous efficiency of the hybrid devices was considerably enhanced in comparison with the standard device. This suggests a useful application for fabricating “reverse” OLEDs, where the emission light goes-out through the semitransparent cathode, instead of the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode. For this, the ohmic contacts of conducting wires to metallic electrodes can be made much better than to ITO anodes.

In this article, we discuss Malaysia's major language policies surrounding Bahasa Malaysia and English as medium of instruction (MOI) since its independence. We show how issues involving a national language vis a vis English are shaped by different ethnic and social groups' competing views regarding these languages. We argue that the language debate in Malaysia is largely an emotive one that carries a historical baggage which no one is yet ready to discard and until such time, it will continue to represent a nation divided by nationalism, race-based politics and globalisation. However, we also interpret the Malaysian government's termination of English as the MOI in certain key school subjects starting in 2012 as not necessarily an arbitrary rejection of English but as a positive move, given the many problems associated with the over-reliance on English in education and language policies throughout Asia. We, thus, see the most recent act known as 'To Uphold Bahasa Malaysia & To Strengthen the English Language' (MBMMBI) as a necessary, firm, strategic and timely response by the Malaysian government to globalisation, nation building, the increasing international role of English, and the pressure to produce knowledge and maintain national cultural identity in today's world.

For the treatment of patients with acute falciparum malaria, the combination of artemisinin as a single dose with a single dose of mefloquine was studied in 4 separate prospective trials, comprising 405 adults and 139 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 2 in-patient and 2 rural out-patient studies in Viet Nam. Adults received oral artemisinin and children artemisinin suppositories. Randomized comparative treatment schedules were: artemisinin alone for 5 d, mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (MSP), or quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Parasite clearance times (PCT) were rapid for artemisinin treated inpatients (90%: 14·8–20·4 h) but also for patients receiving MSP (PCT 90%: 18·0 h) and quinine (PCT 90%: 22·5 h). The recrudescence rate (RI) during a 28 d follow-up period among the patients given artemisinin plus mefloquine was 15% in the adult in-patients and zero in the adult and children out-patients. RI in the artemisinin 5 d treatment group was 33·3%; among those given artemisinin plus SP it was 47·3% in in-patients and in out-patients 46·1%. In the MSP treated out-patients RI was 1·5% in adults and zero in children. Artemisinin as a single dose (oral in adults and as a suppository in children) in combination with mefloquine was effective in rapidly lowering parasitaemia and in preventing recrudescence in hospital inpatients and in out-patients attending a rural health clinic. MSP alone as a single dose also rapidly reduced parasitaemia (but not as quickly as the artemisinin-mefloquine combination in out-patient children) and prevented recrudescence.

As the technology which is commonly used on the cutting large irregular curved sheets has many disadvantages, such as incorrect cutting path, poor cutting accuracy. By analyzing the sheet cutting process, a three-dimensional and five-axis laser scribing robot is developed, which is based on surface matching. This robot can acquire the data of the workpiece surface automatically through the non-contact measurement. The date model can be generated by computer. The matching method is based on curvature and arc length of feature points. By matching data model and ideal model, robot can choose the optimal trajectory for laser cutting. From experimental results, the robot is designed rationally. It can make the scribing path closest to the ideal track and has extensive utility value.

Lifestyle behaviours established during adolescence may adversely affect blood pressure (BP) and contribute to gender differences in cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We aimed to assess the association of health behaviours with BP in adolescents, using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study.Cross-sectional analysis on 1248 Raine Study adolescents aged 17 years, to examine associations between lifestyle factors and BP.Boys had 8.97 mmHg higher systolic BP, as compared with girls. The 30% of girls using oral contraceptives (OC) had 3.27 and 1.74 mmHg higher systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, compared with non-users. Alcohol consumption in boys, increasing body mass index (BMI) and the sodium-potassium ratio were associated with systolic BP. We found a continuous relationship between BMI and systolic BP in both genders; however, the gradient of this relationship was significantly steeper in boys, compared with girls not taking OC. In boys, systolic BP was 5.7 mmHg greater in alcohol consumers who were in the upper quartile of BMI and the urinary sodium-potassium ratio compared with teetotallers in the lowest quartile. In girls, systolic BP was 5.5 mmHg higher in those taking OC, in the highest BMI and urinary sodium-potassium ratio quartile as compared to those not taking the OC pill and in the lowest quartile.In addition to gender-related differences in the effects of adiposity on BP, we found lifestyle-related health behaviours such as high salt intake for both sexes, consumption of alcohol in boys, and OC use in girls were important factors associated with BP measurements in late adolescence. This suggests that gender-specific behavioural modification in adolescence may prevent adult hypertension.

Recently, the conjugated polymer -- inorganic nanocomposites have been increasingly studied because of their enhanced optical and electronic properties as well as their potential application in developing optoelectronic devices. In this study nanocomposite materials thin films based on poly [2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and nanocrystalline TiO\(_{2}\) (nc-TiO\(_{2}\)) have been fabricated. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of pure MEH-PPV and nanohybrid films have shown that the excitation at a 377 nm wavelength leads to the strongly enhanced performance in photoluminescent intensity due to the compositions of TiO\(_{2}\) component. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of multi-layer device Al//MEH-PPV:nc-TiO\(_{2}\)//PEDOT: PSS//ITO//glass were investigated. The results show that the hybrid MEH-PPV:nc-TiO\(_{2}\) materials with high concentrations of TiO\(_{2}\) (>25%) can be expected to be a good candidate for photovoltaic solar cell applications whereas those with lower concentrations of TiO\(_{2}\) are more suitable for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

Ammonium‐nitrogen (N) and nitrate‐N concentrations in groundwater were monitored at three farming villages in northern Vietnam during 2002 and 2006 with 6‐month intervals, where 380 to 420 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer N have been applied annually. With reference to the δ15N value, the source of N in the groundwater was identified as chemical fertilizer in the two villages and as animal waste and chemical fertilizer in the one village where animal waste fertilizer had been applied additionally. Ammonium‐N concentration was alarmingly higher than the drinking water standards, whereas the nitrate‐N concentration was lower. These concentrations did not increase over time. The effect of the natural groundwater recharge diluting the concentrations was considered as a potential reason, and such trends are expected to continue. Spatial variation in the ammonium‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations was recognized as being due to differences in the applied amount and the source of fertilizer N, respectively.