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PURPOSE After suddenly stopping smoking after an initial oral cancer (OC) diagnosis, patients may restart smoking and nicotine dependence. This study sought to identify factors associated with high nicotine dependence in OC patients who restarted smoking post-treatment. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A group of 220 OC patients who restarted smoking post-treatment were recruited from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and patients were assessed for nicotine and smoking dependence, physical activity and function, socio-emotional function, social support, and depression. RESULTS Among patients who restarted smoking after treatment for OC, 75.9% reported low-to-moderate dependence on smoking, while 24.1% reported high nicotine dependence. Factors associated with high nicotine dependence included higher incidence of smoking per day, greater dependence on smoking, less physical activity per week, and poorer social-emotional function. Those highly dependent on nicotine were younger, unmarried, had less education, and had begun smoking earlier than those with low-to-moderate nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS The amount of smoking per day, greater smoking behavioral dependence, less physical activity per week, and worse social-emotional function affected high nicotine dependence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking cessation training and counseling for OC patients may help them better control their use of tobacco after treatment.

Objective To search systematically the application situation of the outcomes in the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of perimenopausal syndrome treated with acupuncture and moxibustion so as to provide the foundation for the core outcome sets in treatment of periomenopausal syndrome with acupuncture and moxibustion. Methods The articles of RTCs on perimenopausal syndrome treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were searched in China National knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP), Pubmed, Excerpt medica database (Embase) and Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) databases from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Two reviewers screened the articles, extracted data and analyzed the application of outcomes in the eligible trials independently. Results A total of 9391 articles were retrieved initially and 79 articles of them were eligible, including 43 articles in English and 36 articles in Chinese. 115 outcomes were involved totally and collected according to 7 outcome domains, of which, the effective rate was the outcome with the highest use frequency. 35 articles reported adverse events and 17 articles reported the effect in followup. Conclusion At present, the outcomes of RCTs on perimenopausal syndrome in treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion are big in divergence, absent in normalization and lack of indicators for long-term prognosis and economics outcomes, as well as have the issues on the incomplete reports on the differentiation between the primary and the secondary outcomes, safety indicators and followup outcomes. It needs to construct the core outcome sets in line with the characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline so as to improve the quality of clinical trials of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Cancer metastasis is the main cause of mortality associated with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for up to 70% of deaths among patients. The mechanisms underlying distal metastasis remain largely unknown. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) correlates negatively with overall survival in multiple tumors. In this study, we evaluated the function of GOLPH3 in NSCLC distal metastasis. GOLPH3 was expressed at high levels in samples from patients with NSCLC and was positively associated with clinicopathologic characteristics including clinical stage (P P = 0.001), N (P = 0.007), and M (P = 0.001) classification. Functionally, Transwell and wound-healing assays suggested that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances NSCLC cell migration and invasion abilities. Tumor-sphere formation and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances a stem cell-like phenotype of NSCLC cells. Metastasis models established by tail vein and intracardiac injection confirmed the pro-metastatic function of GOLPH3 in vivo. A subcutaneous tumor formation model confirmed that GOLPH3 overexpression increased the tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis revealed a positive association of GOLPH3 mRNA expression with WNT-activated gene signatures. Luciferase-reporter and nuclear extract assays showed that GOLPH3 overexpression enhances metastasis and tumorigenicity through activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and gene ontology analysis demonstrated that GOLPH3 interacts with cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) in exosome-mediated distal metastasis. We found that GOLPH3 decreased the amount of plasma membrane-localized CKAP4 and increased the amount of exosome-localized CKAP4 to promote the formation of CKAP4-containing exosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CKAP4 binds exosomal WNT3A to enhance its secretion. Therefore, the GOLPH3/CKAP4 axis plays a crucial role in promoting exosomal-WNT3A secretion to enhance and maintain the stem-like phenotype and metastasis in NSCLC, thus indicating the therapeutic potential of GOLPH3 in patients with NSCLC metastasis.

Recently, the evolution of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has embarked on a journey of revolutionizing the field of artificial and computational intelligence. To improve the generating ability of GANs, various loss functions are introduced to measure the degree of similarity between the samples generated by the generator and the real data samples, and the effectiveness of the loss functions in improving the generating ability of GANs. In this paper, we present a detailed survey for the loss functions used in GANs, and provide a critical analysis on the pros and cons of these loss functions. First, the basic theory of GANs along with the training mechanism are introduced. Then, the most commonly used loss functions in GANs are introduced and analyzed. Third, the experimental analyses and comparison of these loss functions are presented in different GAN architectures. Finally, several suggestions on choosing suitable loss functions for image synthesis tasks are given.

Aims and objectives This study's purpose was to identify the correlates of sleep quality in older adults with chronic disease. Background Sleep quality is a common problem in older adults that may be affected by physical and mental status. Design A cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Methods The study was conducted between July 2019 and April 2020 in a teaching hospital of southern Taiwan. The Geriatric Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Numerical Rating Scale were used to assess depression, sleep quality and physical pain respectively. Results Of the 120 older adults (age >65 years) with chronic disease, the average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was 5.67. A total of 45.8% subjects had sleep disturbance. Older adults who were living with a partner and those who urinated at night were significantly more likely to report sleep disturbance. The presence of sleep disturbance was associated with greater levels of depression and higher levels of physical pain. Conclusion Living with a partner, nocturia, physical pain and depression were associated with the presence of sleep disturbance in older adults with chronic disease. Relevance to clinical practice The results of this study can help healthcare providers understand the factors associated with sleep disturbance in older adults with chronic disease, thereby facilitating the early resolution of sleep disturbance issues in this population.

Objective To evaluate the adjuvant treatment of acute stage symptoms and quality of life of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) with ozone. Methods We included 74 patients with moderate and severe BP hospitalized from July 2018 to December 2020. The participants were randomly divided into the control group and the ozone group, with 37 patients in each group (n = 37). The control group used tap water to wash the whole body, and mupirocin ointment was used for the erosions. The ozone group used ozone water to wash the whole body, and the erosion place was coated with ozone oil. The bullous pemphigoid disease area index (BPDAI) score of BP disease was used to observe the clinical symptoms and skin lesions of the two groups before and on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment. Pruritus and sleep were observed before and on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to observe the quality of life before and after treatment and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results The total BPDAI score and erythema score in the ozone group were significantly different from those in the control group on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment (P < 0.050). The scab drying time and erosion drying time of ozone group were shorter than that of control group (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the ozone group and the control group in pruritus score and sleep score on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment (P < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference in skin disease quality of life between the two groups 14 days after treatment (P < 0.001). No significant adverse reactions and complications were observed in both groups. Conclusions Ozone external use can rapidly improve the acute stage of edema erythema, erosion, and itching of BP, improve the quality of life of patients, is an effective treatment method, and worthy of clinical promotion.

To investigate the clinical feasibility of single-breath-hold (SBH) T2-weighted (T2WI) liver MRI with deep learning-based reconstruction in the evaluation of image quality and lesion delineation, compared with conventional multi-breath-hold (MBH) T2WI.One hundred and fifty-two adult patients with suspected liver disease were prospectively enrolled. Two independent readers reviewed images acquired with conventional MBH-T2WI and SBH-T2WI at 3.0 T MR scanner. For image quality analyses, motion artifacts scores and boundary sharpness scores were compared using nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs tests between MBH-T2WI and SBH-T2WI. With the reference standard, 89 patients with 376 index lesions were included for lesion analyses. The lesion detection rates were compared by chi-square test, the lesion conspicuity scores and lesion-liver contrast ratio (CR) were compared using nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs tests between the two sequences.For both readers, motion artifacts scores of SBH-T2WI were significantly lower than MBH-T2WI (P 0.001). Boundary sharpness scores of SBH-T2WI were significantly higher than MBH-T2WI (P 0.001). The lesion detection rates for SBH-T2WI were significantly higher than MBH-T2WI (P 0.001); the differences of lesion detection rates between the two sequences were statistically significant for small (≤ 10 mm) liver lesions (P 0.001), while not significant for larger (10 mm) lesions (P 0.05). Lesion conspicuity scores were significantly higher on SBH-T2WI than MBH-T2WI in the entire cohort as well as in both stratified subgroups of lesions ≤10 mm and 10 mm (P 0.001 for all). CRs for focal liver lesions were also significantly higher with SBH-T2WI (P 0.001).The SBH-T2WI sequence with deep-learning based reconstruction showed promising performance as it provided significantly better image quality, lesion detectability, lesion conspicuity and contrast within a single breath-hold, compared with the conventional MBH-T2WI.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) by propensity score-matched analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with proliferative DR that underwent pars plana vitrectomy were divided into two groups: without or with additional ILM peeling. Propensity score-matched analyses of variables were carried out. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted at the 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measures were epiretinal membrane (ERM), intraretinal cystic changes, recurrent macular edema, and blurring of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) margin. RESULTS: There were 41 patients in Group 1 (non-ILM peeling) and 41 patients in Group 2 (ILM peeling). ERM was observed in 11 of 41 eyes (26.8%) in Group 1, and three of 41 eyes (7%) in Group 2 at the 6-month follow-up ( P = .019). Intraretinal cystoid changes were observed in 13 eyes of Group 1 and four eyes of Group 2 ( P = .014). The median central macular thickness was 250.00 ± 135.09 μm in Group 1 and 235.00 ± 101.55 μm in Group 2 ( P = .738). Macular edema was observed in 24 eyes (58.5%) in Group 1 and 19 eyes (46.3%) in Group 2 ( P = 0.269). There was no significant difference in foveal dip angle between the groups ( P = .820). The IS/OS margin was disrupted in 48.8% and 56.1% of eyes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, without significant difference. There was also no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between two groups before surgery, and there was no significant difference in BCVA between two groups at 6 months after surgery ( P = .13). CONCLUSION: The authors' results indicate that vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling can minimize ERM formation and eliminate intraretinal cystoid changes, but the functional recovery is limited. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:420–425.]

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and a major cause of acute lung injury (ALI). carried by exosomes play a role in a variety of diseases. However,there are not many studies of exosomal miRNAs in sepsis and sepsis lung injury.miR-1298-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) were silenced or overexpressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). PKH-67 Dye was used to trace exosome endocytosis. Cell permeability was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC dextran flux. ELISA kits were used for cytokine detection. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blots were used to evaluate gene expression. miR-1298-5p was elevated in exosomes from patients with sepsis lung injury (Sepsis_exo). Treatment of BEAS-2B cells using Sepsis_exo significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. miR-1298-5p directly targeted SOCS6. Overexpressing SOCS6 reversed miR-1298-5p-induced cell permeability and inflammatory response. Inhibition of STAT3 blocked SOCS6-silencing caused significant increase of cell permeability and inflammation. Exosomes isolated from patients of sepsis lung injury increased cell permeability and inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells through exosomal miR-1298-5p which targeted SOCS6 via STAT3 pathway. The findings highlight the importance of miR-1298-5p/SOCS6/STAT3 axis in sepsis lung injury and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for sepsis lung injury.

In this work, we analysed the magnetic activity of 5349 Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) low-dispersion spectra of 3539 red giants by calculating equivalent width (EW) of magnetic activity lines (H α, H β, H γ, H δ, $\rm{Ca~{ii} H\&K}$, $\rm{Ca~{ii} IRT}$). Combining LAMOST spectral parameters, asteroseismic parameters, and EWs of the magnetic activity lines, an attempt was made to estimate the age of red giants using neural networks. By using the neural networks to select the input parameters, we get the best age estimation of the red giants with the input parameters ‘Teff’, ‘[Fe/H]’, ‘log g’, ‘νmax’, and ‘Δν’, which is in line with expectations. The average value of the relative error between the estimated age and the isochronous age is 22.4 per cent. The age estimation was not improved by adding the EWs of more magnetic activity lines. This indicates that the EWs of these spectral lines are not directly related to the age of the red giants. The reason for this might be that the dynamo operating in the outer layers of the red giants has shut off at the end of core-hydrogen-burning. The absence of emission in all the magnetic activity lines of the 5349 LAMOST spectra also confirms this conclusion. In addition, the results indicate that the EWs of the magnetic activity lines are more related to the effective temperature, which is also in line with expectations.

Summary The one-step antisolvent approach is a widely employed method for fabricating perovskite devices at a low cost. However, the current antisolvent approach requires a strict set of processing conditions to obtain high-quality perovskite layers. Here, we introduce sulfolane as an additive in the perovskite precursor to convert the perovskite phase via a new reaction route, providing a large degree of flexibility to process crystalline perovskite layers with high uniformity on a large scale. As it is revealed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy findings, we find that the key concept lies in intermolecular hydrogen-bonding forces’ interaction between sulfolane and methylammonium iodide, which slows down the nucleation and subsequently the crystallization process. As a result, we demonstrate a mini module, 36.6 cm2 active area, and achieve a record PCE of 16.06%. More importantly, the encapsulated mini module retained about 90% of the initial performance after operating at the maximum power point under simulated AM1.5G irradiation for 250 h at 50°C.

Background: Despite patients with breast cancer who achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) generally demonstrate improved survival, some of these patients will develop breast cancer recurrence. Identification of factors associated with recurrence in patients with pCR after NAC would be helpful to optimize treatment strategies in breast cancer. In this study, we aim to particularly explore the factors associated with the prognosis of this patient population.Methods: Data of patients from three tertiary hospitals and treated with NAC between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively collected. A pCR was defined as no invasive tumor in the breast and no tumor in the lymph node (ypT0/is, ypN0). Factors associated with pCR were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic value of clinicopathological factors regarding DFS and OS were determined by univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses.Results: A total of 897 patients were used for the analysis, including 287 patients with a pCR and 610 patients without pCR. Clinical TNM stage, histological grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, Ki67, molecular subtype, NAC regimen and NAC cycles were associated with pCR status, with TNM stage and molecular subtype as independent predictors of pCR. Patients with a pCR had a superior DFS (pCR vs non-pCR, hazard ratio [HR] 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.45, P Citation Format: Li-Yun Xie, Kun Wang, Yan-Xia Shi, Hai-Lu Chen, Jian-Hao Huang, Yang-Hang Fan, Si-Qi Qiu, Zhi-Yong Wu. Higher clinical lymph node stage predicts worse survival in patients with breast cancer who achieve a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS6-53.

BACKGROUND: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is an unusual variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Revealing the imaging features is important to the diagnosis of FLHCC. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of FLHCCs. METHODS: This retrospective study included 29 patients with histopathologically proved FLHCC and 96 patients proved HCC. All patients underwent an ultrasound examination pre-operation. RESULTS: The average maximum diameters of the FLHCC and HCC lesions were 7.4±4.1 cm and 4.1±3.0 cm, respectively. On the ultrasound, 79.3% of the FLHCCs and 12.3% of the HCCs showed the internal hyperechoic area; 48.3% of the FLHCCs and 3.3% of the HCCs displayed a strip-like attenuation. Calcification was noted in 20.7% of the FLHCCs, while none in HCCs. On the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), all FLHCC lesions and 87.7% of the HCCs displayed hyperenhancement in the arterial phase. An internal, unenhanced central scar appeared in all FLHCCs, while none in HCCs. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasonographic features of FLHCC lesions indicate that they are relatively large masses showing the internal hyperechoic area or strip-like attenuation or calcification on the US and hypervascularity with an unenhanced central scar on the CEUS as compared with conventional HCC lesions.

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.

In this era of immune checkpoint inhibitors, inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapies continue to pose a major challenge. Glucocorticoids, as the mainstay, were limited by serious side effects. Glucocorticoids induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and lactoferrin-induced polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) were shown to relieve inflammatory conditions. Combined treatment with dexamethasone (DXM) and lactoferrin increased the generation of PMN-MDSCs in vitro (DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs) compared to DXM or lactoferrin treatment alone. DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs were distinct from tumor PMN-MDSCs in vivo with regard to gene expression profiles. DXM upregulated the myeloid cell response to lactoferrin by inducing the lactoferrin receptor Lrp1. DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs presented anti-bacterial capability, increased PGE2 production, increased survival capability, and decreased tumor tissue homing. Transfer of DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney failure, bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia, and allergic pneumonitis effectively without promoting tumor development. Our study shows that DXM/lactoferrin PMN-MDSCs are a promising cell therapy for inflammatory adverse events of anti-cancer therapies., Li et al. show that dexamethasone and lactoferrin induced polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells relieve inflammatory conditions in mouse models with minimal effect on tumour growth. This work demonstrates promise for combating inflammatory adverse events during anti-cancer treatments.

This study demonstrates a simple approach for controlling the pretilt angles of liquid crystals (LCs) using gelator-doped cells fabricated with homogeneously aligned substrates. The competition bet...

Compared with western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine can better regulate the internal environment and inhibit liver cancer recurrence and metastasis. Bushen Jianpi Recipe (BSJPR) is a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney and invigorating the spleen. It has also been used to treat tumors and other related diseases. Here we explore the efficacy of BSJPR inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo and in vitro . We hypothesize that BSJPR reduces intrahepatic cholestasis and inflammation and increases expression of the bile acid receptor and downstream targets. This study aims to test this hypothesis and determine whether the inhibitory effect of BSJPR on liver cancer recurrence and metastasis is related to bile acid metabolism. We also observed changes in immune cell expression, suggesting that regulation of the immune microenvironment could inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. These findings provide a basis for the treatment of HCC and new ideas for follow-up studies of BSJPR.

To observe the time-effect relationship of moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea (PD) due to stagnation and congelation of cold-damp, thus explore the optimal choice of moxibustion duration, and provide evidence for achieving satisfactory efficacy in moxibustion treatment. A total of 90 patients with PD due to stagnatin and congelation of cold-damp were divided into three groups by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. All the patients in the three groups were given moxibustion treatment at Guanyuan (CV 4), 20 min in group A, 40 min in group B and 60 min in group C. The changes in the pain measurement score in the three groups were observed after treatment. After treatment, there were significant differences in the clinical efficacy among the three groups (P

Li-Yun Jia, Yan-Xia Sun, Yong-Peng Zhang, Kai Ma Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kai MaBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 1058269508Email jialiyun@126.comObjective: To identify potential risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment after surgical treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRD-CD) in a Chinese population.Methods: A total of 1212 patients with RRD-CD admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The rate of recurrent retinal detachment was calculated, and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results: The average age of the patients was 48.51 years, 760 patients (62.7%) were male, and 630 patients (52.0%) had right eye disease. The recurrence rate in the same eye was 21.3%. The incidence of recurrence retinal detachment was higher in patients who were male, middle age, and with poor preoperative vision, longer axial length, and scleral buckling. Recurrence usually occurred 3 months after surgery.Conclusion: Male, middle age, longer axial length, and scleral buckling could be risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment following surgical treatment in patients with RRD-CD.Keywords: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, risk factor

Purpose To examine insomnia disorder and its association with sociodemographic factors and poor mental health in 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) inpatients in Wuhan, China. Design and Methods: A total of 484 COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Tongji Hospital were selected and interviewed with standardized assessment tools. Insomnia disorder was measured by the Chinese version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-7), a total score of 8 or more was accepted as the threshold for diagnosing insomnia disorder. Results The prevalence of insomnia disorder in the whole sample was 42.8%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender, younger age, and higher fatigue and anxiety severity were more likely to experience insomnia disorder. Conclusion Given the high rate of insomnia disorder status among COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan, China, and its negative effects, follow-up assessments and appropriate psychological interventions for insomnia disorder are needed in this population., Highlights • Insomnia disorder is highly prevalent in COVID-19 inpatients. • Insomnia disorder was associated with increased odds of the female gender, younger age, higher fatigue and anxiety severity. • Follow-up assessments and appropriate psychological interventions for insomnia disorder in COVID-19 patients are needed.

Oral dysfunction is a common adverse event of treatment and may affect oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to identify factors associated with OHRQoL in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) within the first three months posttreatment. This cross-sectional study examined OSCC patients who received treatment from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and patients were assessed using the Self-Care Behaviors Scale (SCB), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) questionnaires. Among 148 OSCC patients, 11.5% reported being underweight and 70.3% reported normal weight. The most common self-care factors associated with adverse effects were decreased appetite and fatigue. Psychological disability, functional limitation, and physical pain were the most negative OHRQoL factors. Poor OHRQoL was associated with more severe adverse effects after self-care behaviors, using feeding tubes during treatment, and having BMI less than 25, which together explained 33.5% of the variance in OHRQoL. The severity of adverse effects after self-care behaviors and using feeding tubes during treatment strongly influenced overall OHRQoL and seven specific dimensions of OHRQoL.

OBJECTIVE Traditionally, after total laryngopharyngectomy (TLP), patients cannot speak without a prosthesis or an artificial larynx. In Taiwan, most patients use a commercialized pneumatic laryngeal device (PLD). Phonatory tube reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a novel, modified version of synchronous digestive and phonatory reconstruction involving a free muscular cutaneous flap. This study reviewed and compared speech performance between patients who underwent novel flap reconstruction and conventional PLD users. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent TLP from August 2017 to September 2019. The voice handicap index (VHI), speech intelligibility, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis results, and speech range profile (SRP) were compared between patients who underwent ALT phonatory tube reconstruction (ALT group) and those using PLDs (PLD group). RESULTS Twenty patients were included; 13 patients were included in the ALT group, and 7 patients were included in the PLD group. Compared to the PLD group, the ALT group had a better fundamental frequency range (P

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to have beneficial impacts on improving human's metabolism and ameliorating insulin resistance. While insulin is another important and conventional drug in diabetes treatment, but it has an adverse effect on weight gain. Purpose To make sure whether GLP-1 and insulin play different roles in human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Methods We examined the in vitro roles and molecular mechanisms of liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, and human insulin on hADSCs isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100nM) of liraglutide and insulin were added to proliferation and differentiation medium of hADSCs, respectively. Results Liraglutide inhibits while insulin promotes the proliferation and differentiation at the concentration of 100nM. Moreover, the levels of GSK-3 increase during differentiation and liraglutide could down-regulate it when compared with insulin. We also find that the activation of phosphorylated GSK-3α and GSK-3β is involved in the differentiation roles. And classical and non-classical Wnt pathways all play roles in the differentiation, which are characterized with the up/down-regulation of the expression of adipogenesis genes such as PPAR-γ and CEBP-α. Conclusion Liraglutide and insulin have contrary effects on the proliferation and adipogenesis via Wnt pathway in primary cultured ADSCs. Those effects could partly explain the different roles of GLP-1 and insulin on weight gain and insulin resistance.

Premature yeast flocculation (PYF) during beer fermentation is an undesired event by which yeast flocculate too early and heavily before the wort nutrition is exhausted. While PYF can be a major financial detriment to brewers, the conditions that trigger it and the chemical composition of PYF are poorly understood. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results from this study indicated that purified malt PYF factor consisted of numerous polysaccharides; however, no protein was identified. High concentrations of PYF promoted further yeast flocculation, which in turn decreased the rate of fermentation and increased acetaldehyde content of the beer. PYF factors were found to be derived primarily from malt husks and factors such as microbial content of the water used for germination, mixing malts with different PYF values, and presence of tannic acid were all found to influence the rate of yeast flocculation. Findings from this study may be beneficial in developing PYF prevention and control measures that can be applied to future brewing strategies.

Due to the lack of petroleum resources, stratigraphic reservoirs have become an important source of future discoveries. We describe a methodology for predicting reservoir sands from complex reservoir seismic data. Data analysis involves a bio-integrated framework called multi-modal machine learning fusion (MMMLF) based on neural networks. First, acoustic-related seismic attributes from post-stack seismic data were used to characterize the reservoirs. They enhanced the understanding of the structure and spatial distribution of petrophysical properties of lithostratigraphic reservoirs. The attributes were then classified as varied modal inputs into a central fusion engine for prediction. We applied the method to a dataset from Northeast China. Using seismic attributes and rock physics relationships as input data, MMMLF was performed to predict the spatial distribution of lithology in the Upper Guantao substrata. Despite the large scattering in the acoustic-related data properties, the proposed MMMLF methodology predicted the distribution of lithological properties through the gamma ray logs. Moreover, complex stratigraphic traps such as braided fluvial sandstones in the fluvio–deltaic deposits were delineated. These findings can have significant implications for future exploration and production in Northeast China and similar petroleum provinces around the world.

This article presents a novel dual-polarized millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) patch antenna with bandpass filtering response. The proposed antenna consists of a differential-fed cross-shaped driven patch and four stacked parasitic patches. The combination of the stacked patches and the driven patch can be equivalent to a bandstop filtering circuit for generating a radiation null at the upper band edge. Besides, four additional shorted patches are added beside the cross-shaped driven patch to introduce another radiation null at the lower band edge. Moreover, by embedding a cross-shaped strip between these four stacked patches, the third radiation null is generated to further suppress the upper stopband. As a result, a quasi-elliptic bandpass response is realized without requiring extra filtering circuit. For demonstration, a prototype was fabricated with standard PCB process and measured. The prototype operates in the 5G band (24.25–29.5 GHz) and it has an impedance bandwidth of 20%. The out-of-band gain drops over 15 dB at 23 and 32.5 GHz, respectively, which exhibits high selectivity. These merits make the proposed antenna a good element candidate for the 5G mm-Wave massive MIMO applications to reduce the requirements of the filters in the mm-Wave RF front ends.

This paper presents a review of recent research on direct upgrading of coal/biomass volatiles into aromatics by catalytic pyrolysis and syngas by gasification with catalytic steam reforming. Coal/b...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define the Internet as a virtual space supported by technologies and presented in the form of socioeconomic relations from the perspective of political economy. The Internet space is a unique virtual commodity different from ordinary commodities and has the following effect characteristics: super replicability, space- and time-transcendence, open-source shareability and reality–virtuality transformation.Design/methodology/approachInternet space can also be imagined as a piece of virtual land. Internet space can be deemed as a piece of virtual land and its value can be divided into labor value and virtual value. The pricing model of virtual value is mainly determined by the gain and discount rate and this value comes from the transfer and markup of social value. In the context of the Internet Plus era, Internet space has become an essential economic factor that influences human economic activities.FindingsTherefore, it is of practical significance and theoretical value to introduce Internet space as an economic variable into the framework of economic theory. The realistic logic of Internet space is to influence human economic behaviors with the combination of information binding.Originality/valueThe theoretical mechanism is to have an impact on the micro-market price by changing market relations from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. Its path to functioning at the macro level is to influence economic behaviors by changing the expectations of investment and consumption, resulting in new economic trends.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, and it is currently believed that an imbalance in regulatory T (Treg) cells/T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) is related to the occurrence and development of IBD. Recently, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 has been used in animal models such as rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma models and shown to exert immunoregulatory functions that improve disorder in the Treg/Th17 cell balance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AG490 on the intestinal inflammatory process in an IBD rat model. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD rat model was established, and disease activity index (DAI) scores were calculated. The histopathological damage score was determined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Treg/Th17 cells in the spleen were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 and IL-17A were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AG490 attenuated DSS-induced IBD injury by regulating the Treg/Th17 balance and related cytokine secretion to reduce the DAI and colonic tissue damage. Thus, AG490 may be a new method for effective treatment of IBD.

Dictionary learning methods adaptively train their bases from the given data in an iterative manner; hence, they can capture more detailed features and achieve sparser representation than a method that uses a fixed basis. However, there also exists a good chance of erratic noise corrupting the dictionary because of the insufficiency of the L1-norm regularization in distinguishing the signal and erratic noise, causing the inaccuracy of both dictionary learning and its application. A robust dictionary learning method is proposed to reconstruct the missing data even in the presence of strong erratic noise. Specifically, a projected operator, which is constructed with the robust Huber misfit, is used to damp erratic noise to a low-amplitude level. In the dictionary learning step, erratic noise is gradually reduced to an acceptable level with the help of this projected operator, from which the signal prototypes (or atoms) can be safely extracted in each iteration. Then, the learned dictionary is used to iteratively estimate the signal from the noisy and under-sampled data, performing noise attenuation as well as data interpolation at non-recording locations. We test the proposed dictionary learning method using 2D and 3D noisy seismic examples and compare it with other state-of-the-art methods. Numerical results demonstrate its superior effectiveness at recovering missing data and increasing signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of erratic noise.

Dietary behavior is a critical lifestyle factor affecting health. This study aimed to investigate food away from home (FAFH) and its effect on gastrointestinal (GI) health. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 300 participants at a hospital in Liouying, Taiwan. The survey collected demographic information and data on FAFH and GI health. The association of GI health with FAFH consumption behavior was significant (t-test, p < 0.05). Bodyweight status was associated with age (F = 5.01, p = 0.01), dietary situation (F = 1.96, p = 0.04), number of meals (F = 1.85, p = 0.03), dietary preferences (F = 2.84, p = 0), reasons for FAFH (F = 1.86, p = 0.02), FAFH types (F = 2.01, p = 0), and outcomes associated with FAFH (F = 2.51, p = 0). Gastrointestinal condition was associated with the number of meals (F = 2.55, p = 0), the level of activity after meals (F = 2.16, p = 0.02), and FAFH type (F = 1.48, p = 0.04). The results indicated that the participants aged 20–40 years had more problems related to their self-perceived body weight status than those aged 41–50 years. The results of this study clarify the FAFH among people in Taiwan and the effects on GI health and may serve as a reference for relevant behavioral research in food and health studies.

Purpose Primary caregivers (PC) of patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) report stress during caregiving time post-treatment. We sought to identify the trajectories of resilience from initial completion of treatment to 1-year post-treatment in PC of patients with advanced HNC and to determine the factors associated with trajectories of resilience. Design In this prospective cohort study with convenience sampling, patient-PC dyads were recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan between August 2015 and July 2020. Methods We recruited 120 patient-PC dyads and followed up at treatment completion and 1, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to identified factors related to resilience. Findings PCs' overall resilience increased from initial completion of treatment to peak at 1-year post-treatment. Patient factors associated with greater overall resilience included older age, higher performance status, and shorter time since cancer diagnosis; PC factors included reporting more social support, better physical health, and better mental health. Conclusions PC mental health was the most important factor in the resilience trajectory of patients with advanced HNC cancer. Clinical relevance Quantifying the relevant factors of trajectories of resilience will help to identify vulnerable PCs and guide survivorship care in the early stages of the post-treatment period.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with various health benefits. In this review, we searched current work about the effects of EGCG and its wound dressings on skin for wound healing. Hydrogels, nanoparticles, micro/nanofiber networks and microneedles are the major types of EGCG-containing wound dressings. The beneficial effects of EGCG and its wound dressings at different stages of skin wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling) were summarized based on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. This review expatiates on the rationale of using EGCG to promote skin wound healing and prevent scar formation, which provides a future clinical application direction of EGCG.

BACKGROUND Partial bile duct ligation (PBDL) model is a reliable cholestatic fibrosis experimental model that showed complex histopathological changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of PBDL have not been well characterized. PURPOSE To investigate the potential of MRI parameters in assessing fibrosis in PBDL and explore the relationships between MRI and pathological features. ANIMAL MODEL Established PBDL models. POPULATION Fifty-four mice were randomly divided into four timepoints PBDL groups and one sham group. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T; MRI sequences included T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE), T2-weighted single shot FSE, variable flip angle T1 mapping, multi-echo SE T2 mapping, multi-echo gradient-echo T2* mapping, and multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging. ASSESSMENT MRI examination was performed at the corresponding timepoints after surgery. Native T1, ΔT1 (T1native-T1post), T2, T2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, histogram parameters (skewness and kurtosis), intravoxel incoherent motion parameters (f, D, and D* ) within the entire ligated (PBDL), non-ligated liver (PBDL), and whole liver (sham) were obtained. Fibrosis and inflammation were assessed in Masson and H&E staining slices using the Metavir and activity scoring system. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed. P

ObjectiveTo explore the role of chidamide, decitabine plus priming regimen in the salvage treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.MethodsA clinical trial was conducted in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients using chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, idarubicin, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, termed CDIAG, a double epigenetic priming regimen.ResultsThirty-five patients were recruited. Three patients received 2 treatment cycles. In 32 evaluable patients and 35 treatment courses, the completed remission rate (CRR) was 42.9%. The median OS time was 11.7 months. The median OS times of responders were 18.4 months, while those of nonresponders were 7.4 months (P = 0.015). The presence of RUNX1 mutations was associated with a high CRR but a short 2-year OS (P = 0.023) and PFS (P = 0.018) due to relapse after treatment. The presence of IDH mutations had no effect on the remission rate (80.0% vs. 73.3%), but showed a better OS (2-year OS rate: 100.0% vs. 28.9%). Grade 3/4 nonhematological adverse events included pneumonia, hematosepsis, febrile neutropenia, skin and soft tissue infection and others.ConclusionThe double epigenetic priming regimen (CDIAG regimen) showed considerably good antileukemia activity in these patients. Adverse events were acceptable according to previous experience. The study was registered as a clinical trial.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier:NCT03985007

We present a semianalytical numerical method to simulate SH-wave propagation in heterogeneous multiple layers with smooth property variations. Wave propagation in such piecewise heterogeneous media will dominate the reflection and transmission at interfaces, whereas the scattered waves by volume heterogeneities inside each geological layer are superimposed on the boundary waves to cause fluctuations in amplitude and phase. The incident, boundary-scattering, and volume-scattering waves are accurately superposed through the generalized Lippmann–Schwinger integral (GLSI) equation. The multilayered heterogeneous media with irregular interfaces are sliced into horizontal and heterogeneous slabs, with each discretized into a series of volume elements. The traditional generalized reflection–transmission matrices (GRTMs) method is extended to solve the GLSI equation for each heterogeneous slab in the frequency–wavenumber domain by incorporating the boundary–volume integral equation numerical techniques. The global GRTM is obtained by integrating all the slab’s GRTMs in terms of the boundary condition across adjacent slabs. The wavefield at an arbitrary depth can be computed in a recursive relation from a source term. The accuracy of the method is tested by comparing it with other full-wave solutions to the SH problem. To show the applicability of the method, we calculate synthetic seismograms to demonstrate the significant impact of volume heterogeneities on seismic responses in layered heterogeneous media.

Objective: This study investigated the lived experiences of ovarian cancer survivors amid the disease trajectory and psychosocial adaptation. Materials and methods: Twenty-one women, all of whom were ovarian cancer survivors, were recruited from medical centers in Taiwan. In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim from audio recordings. The sample size was determined by information saturation during data collection. The steps of data process and analysis were performed using Giorgi's phenomenology. Results: Three themes and 12 subthemes were extracted: (1) a depressed state, as if facing a fierce enemy: being sentenced to a death penalty like facing an insurmountable challenge; contradictory information and helplessness; turnaround for treatment decision; and facing stigmatization from society; (2) shadow of cancer recurrence: side-effects of cancer treatment; falling into desperation and frustration; worrying about cancer recurrence; and continuing to fight cancer; (3) a change of mindset to move forward: experiencing changes in outlook on life; activating the self-healing process; coexisting with cancer and treating it as a chronic disease; and experiencing physical and mental purification and enhancement. Conclusion: The conventional models caring for patients with ovarian cancer are based on disease and unable to meet their needs because the lengthy rehabilitation journey. Therefore, medical personnel should emphasize patients’ medical autonomy and combine professional care and social resources to help patients developing adjustment strategies and establishing support systems in timely manner for body, mind, and soul of these patients. Keywords: Ovarian cancer survivors, Life experience, Disease trajectory, Phenomenology

In this paper, we construct the input–output relationships of a three-mode nonlinear beam splitter (TNBS) mathematically, and a set of special solutions for the input–output equations are given. By combining two TNBSs and a phase shifter, we propose a scheme for a three-mode nonlinear interferometer (TNI) and give the input–output expression of the whole TNI. Then, we study the phase sensitivity of the TNI by giving input states and detection scheme. In addition, we also calculate the phase sensitivity of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), SU(1,1) interferometer (SU(1,1)I) and modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MMZI), and we discuss the relationships of phase sensitivity between the MZI, SU(1,1)I, MMZI and TNI. Finally, in the presence of photon losses, we discuss the phase sensitivity of the four different interferometers and make detailed comparisons. It is shown that the TNI has the best robustness against photon losses under certain conditions with the same parameters.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify if breast reconstruction is a surgical risk factor for axillary web syndrome (AWS) in breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: The data of 207 patients who have been diagnosed with unilateral BC and who had mastectomy and lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Information of their clinical and pathological data, whether they had immediate ­reconstruction and intraoperative radiotherapy, surgical methods, and postoperative complications during the 3 months after their surgery (AWS, lymphedema, seroma, and myofascial adhesion) were collected, and the incidence of AWS was compared between different surgical methods. ­Results: The overall incidence of AWS was 48.8% in 207 patients. Of the 22 patients who received reconstruction, 19 developed AWS, yielding an incidence of 86%. Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that patients who underwent reconstruction had a significantly higher incidence of AWS (odds ratio, 4.74), as did patients with postoperative complication of myofascial adhesion (odds ratio, 7.07). Conclusions: BC survivors after breast reconstruction are susceptible to AWS, and there is a significant association between myofascial adhesion and AWS. Our results can stimulate further investigation and provide an evidence base for the development of educational guidance for patients who plan to undergo breast reconstruction.

Background: The reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy is associated with various postoperative complications. We aimed to investigate the differences in functional outcomes of 2 reconstruction techniques following total gastrectomy: functional jejunal interposition (FJI) versus Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled and divided into FJI and Roux-en-Y groups. Nutritional parameters and incidences of reconstruction-related symptoms were evaluated. Oral glucose tolerance test and endoscopy examination were carried out. Results: The postoperative prognostic nutritional index scores and postoperative/preoperative body weight, meal intake, serum albumin level ratio were significantly higher in the FJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group. At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, the elevations of plasma glucose level after glucose intake were more significant in the FJI group than in the Roux-en-Y group. The incidence of postoperative stasis symptoms in the Roux-en-Y group was significantly higher than in the FJI group, but no obvious difference was observed regarding dumping and reflux symptoms. The incidence rates of severe esophageal mucosa injury and severe anastomotic stricture were also similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion: FJI reconstruction might accelerate the recovery of nutritional status and reduce the occurrence of stasis symptoms postoperatively as compared with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy, which may have an advantage over FJI in stabilizing body glycometabolism after surgery. These 2 types of reconstruction may have a similar anti-reflux function to prevent severe reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of tuina at head and abdomen for headache due to phlegm turbidity. Methods: A total of 56 patients with headache due to phlegm turbidity were randomized into a tuina group and a Chinese medicine group by the random number table, with 28 cases in each group. The tuina group was treated mainly with tuina at the head and abdomen, while the Chinese medicine group was treated with oral administration of Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala and Gastrodia Decoction). The course of treatment was 30 d. The scores of headache index, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scale, and the therapeutic efficacy were observed. Results: There were 2 dropouts in each group during treatment. The total effective rate was 92.3% in the tuina group, significantly higher than 76.9% in the Chinese medicine group (P

Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases afflicting stroke survivors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of ginkgo biloba extract as augmentation of venlafaxine in treating PSD. Methods The included PSD patients were randomly assigned into the experiment group (receiving ginkgo biloba extract plus venlafaxine) and control group (receiving venlafaxine alone). The treatment was continued for eight weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the depressive symptoms. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurological defect, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was used to assess recovery of abilities of patients after stroke. Meanwhile, the levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured before and after treatment. The dose of venlafaxine used and adverse events were also recorded. Results Each group had 40 PSD patients. After treatment, the depressive symptoms, neurological defect and living function were significantly improved in both groups. But the patients receiving ginkgo biloba extract plus venlafaxine had the significantly lower average HDRS score (p=0.0008), SDS score (p

Objective: To culturally adapt the self-regulation questionnaire to the Taiwan Chinese version (TC-SRQ) and to evaluate its psychometric properties for gynecologic cancer survivors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was employed with a purposive sample of 287 gynecologic cancer survivors. The TC-SRQ was adapted from a Germany version through back-translation to ensure its quality. For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the TC-SRQ measurement model with fit indexes including the χ2 test, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the normed fit index (NFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), and non-normed fit indices (NNFI). For concurrent validity, the Taiwanese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's 30-item core quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire was used as a criterion measure for quality of life (QOL). Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: For a modified measurement model of TC-SRQ, the model fit (χ2 = 311.23, P = .0; RMSEA = .088; NFI = .97, CFI = .98, NNFI = .97) was acceptable. The evidence of construct validity of TC-SRQ scale was confirmed by the model estimates. TC-SRQ correlated positively with the global QOL, physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning domains, and negatively with fatigue and pain domains of EORTC QLQ-C30. For known groups validity, TC-SRQ was correlated with groups attributed by age, family support, health status, and sleep quality. A Cronbach's α of .91 indicated good internal consistency; the test-retest reliability was .82. Conclusions: TC-SRQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-regulation in gynecologic cancer survivors. Keywords: Gynecologic cancer survivors, Self-regulation, Quality of life, Psychometrics, Confirmatory factor analysis

The propagation of a long wave signal is influenced by many factors, such as topography, geology, and weather. How to get the accuracy signal propagation delay has always been the bottleneck restricting the realization of high-precision timing of a long wave system. Now, there are two methods to obtain the signal delay, the calculation and the measurement. The error of the calculation value is caused by the propagation path condition including of topography, geology, and weather. For users in a range, the conditions are similar on the path, and there is the correlation in the error. The relevance of the error is analyzed in theory, and a correction method of signal propagation delay is proposed. Similar to the local area differential Global Position System (GPS), in the reference station, we measure time delay, calculate the error, and send to users. The users around the reference station receive the value and modify the calculation value to get the accuracy delay. The results show that it can effectively improve the accuracy of propagation delay. For the users, the closer it is to the differential station, the higher the correction accuracy is. For the reference stations, if it is farther away from the transmitter, the users’ correction accuracy around it will be higher than others users around with the same distance.