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A 64-year-old man presented with epigastric pain and underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Ruptured aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was diagnosed. TAE was successfully accomplished using coils, but vomiting appeared 9 days later. Duodenal stenosis was diagnosed from contrast-enhanced computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and was attributed to edematous changes in the duodenum. Conservative management led to successful recovery and discharge.

Purpose To describe our initial experience with use of microspheres in transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for unruptured sporadic renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs). Materials and methods Seven consecutive patients with seven unruptured sporadic renal AMLs, 6 females and 1 male, with a median age of 45 years (range, 30–69 years), underwent TAE using microspheres between November 2016 and February 2020. We evaluated the technical success rate, complications related to the procedure, clinical success rate, and the shrinkage rate of renal AML. Technical success was defined as the completion of TAE. Clinical success was defined as presence of shrinkage of the renal AML after TAE. Results In all patients, TAE using microspheres was accomplished and technical success rate was 100% (7/7). Three patients exhibited slight pain, but it improved with only observation, and the minor complication rate was 43% (3/7) and major complication rate was 0% (0/7). After the TAE, shrinkage of renal AML was confirmed in 6 of 7 patients, and clinical success rate was 86% (6/7). The median of shrinkage rate was 47% (range, 26–83%) with a median follow-up period of 19 months (range, 4–30 months). Conclusion TAE using microspheres appears to be effective and safe for unruptured sporadic renal AMLs.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using the triaxial system with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for acute arterial bleeding in comparison to TAE using the triaxial system with gelatin sponges (GS) and/or coils. Material and methods Between October 2013 and November 2018, 95 patients with acute arterial bleeding underwent emergency TAE using the triaxial system. Six patients underwent multiple TAEs and thus, 104 TAEs using the triaxial system were performed. In 26 of the 104 cases, TAE were performed with NBCA (NBCA group), and in the remaining 78 cases, TAE were performed with GS and/or coils (control group). Results Hemorrhagic shock and coagulopathy more often occurred in the NBCA group. Procedure time was shorter in the NBCA group. The technical success rate was 100% in both groups (p > 0.99). The clinical success rate in the NBCA and control groups was 92% and 96%, respectively (p = 0.6). There was one minor complication (4%, 1/26) of liver dysfunction in a patient of the NBCA group, but no complication in the control group (p = 0.26). Conclusion TAE using the triaxial system with NBCA may be useful for acute arterial bleeding, especially in patients with hemorrhagic shock and coagulopathy.

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) using a gelatin sponge for hemoptysis from pulmonary aspergilloma and compare them with treatment outcomes for hemoptysis from other diseases. Fifty-two patients underwent BAE using a gelatin sponge. The etiology of hemoptysis was pulmonary aspergilloma in 8 (PA group) and other diseases in 44 (control group). The technical success rate, clinical success rate, hemoptysis-free rate, and complication rate were compared between the PA group and control group. Technical success was defined as the complete cessation of the targeted feeding artery as confirmed by digital subtraction angiography, and clinical success as the cessation of hemoptysis within 24 h of BAE. Recurrent hemoptysis was defined as a single or multiple episodes of hemoptysis causing > 30 ml of bleeding per day. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% in both groups. Hemoptysis-free rates were 85% at 6 months and 72% at 12–60 months in the control group, and 38% at 6–12 months and 25% thereafter in the PA group (P = 0.0009). No complications were observed following BAE in any case in the two groups. BAE using a gelatin sponge may not be effective for hemoptysis from pulmonary aspergilloma.

Introduction: Transcatheter arterial embolization is the first-line treatment for visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs); however, the intraprocedural rupture of pseudoaneurysms is an important complication. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of embolization for VAPAs, including the incidence of intraprocedural rupture. Methods: Among 56 consecutive patients with 57 VAPAs who underwent treatment between April 2009 and October 2020, 46 patients with 47 VAPAs underwent embolization. Complications related to embolization including intraprocedural rupture, the technical success rate, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Complications that required extended hospitalization, an advanced level of care, or resulted in permanent adverse sequelae or death were classified as major complications, while the remainder were considered to be minor. Technical success was defined as the completion of embolization. Results: The intraprocedural rupture of pseudoaneurysms occurred in 3 out of 47 VAPAs treated with embolization (6%) and resulted in minor complications. One liver abscess requiring drainage was regarded as a major complication (2%). Focal infarction after embolization was observed as a minor complication in 20 cases. Complications occurred in 24 out of 47 cases (51%), comprising one major complication (2%) and 23 minor complications (48%). The technical success rate was 100% (47/47). Fifty-three out of 56 patients (95%) were alive in a median follow-up period of 18 months (range: 2 days-137 months). Conclusions: Embolization is safe and useful for the treatment of VAPAs; however, the intraprocedural rupture of pseudoaneurysms may occur, and, thus, care is needed during this procedure.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and usefulness of performing computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies of pulmonary lesions that arise after radiotherapy. Seventeen patients (14 males and 3 females; median age: 69 years, range: 48-84 years) underwent CT-guided biopsies of pulmonary lesions that occurred in lung regions that had previously been treated with radiotherapy. Three patients underwent CT-guided biopsies twice, and thus, the total number of procedures was 20. We reviewed the subjects' medical records and images, and evaluated the rate for obtaining pathological diagnosis with the biopsy sample, subsequent clinical course, and complications associated with the procedure. In 19 of 20 procedures (95%), the CT-guided biopsy resulted in a pathological diagnosis being obtained. In 14 procedures, the pathological results were consistent with the patients' clinical courses. In the remaining 5 procedures, the lesions were pathologically diagnosed as benign, but they increased in size thereafter; so the lesions were considered to be clinically malignant. The results were considered to represent sampling errors. There were 3 minor complications (slight pneumothorax which did not require drainage) (3/20, 15%), and there were no major complications. In conclusion, performing CT-guided biopsies of pulmonary lesions that arise after radiotherapy appears to be feasible, safe and useful.

Background A triple-coaxial (triaxial) system, which consists of a small microcatheter, a large microcatheter, and a 4-Fr. catheter, has been reported to allow super-selective catheterization. A 1.6-Fr. microcatheter has recently become available as the small microcatheter for the triaxial system, in addition to 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils that may be introduced into the 1.6-Fr. microcatheter. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils in embolization through the 1.6-Fr. microcatheter of the triaxial system. Material and Methods Between November 2015 and October 2019, 19 embolizations were performed on 18 patients, 9 males and 9 females with a median age of 77 years (range, 41–88 years), using 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils through the 1.6-Fr. microcatheter of the triaxial system. The technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications associated with the procedure were assessed. Technical success was defined as the successful delivery and placement of 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils, and clinical success as the immediate postembolic complete cessation of blood flow confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. Results Eighty-four 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils were delivered and 19 arteries were successfully embolized. The median number of 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils was 4 (range, 1–12). The technical success rate was 100% (84/84) and the clinical success rate was also 100% (19/19). There were no complications associated with the procedures. Conclusion The use of 0.014-in. pushable bare platinum coils in super-selective embolization through the 1.6-Fr. microcatheter of the triaxial system appears to be feasible and safe.

Aim To evaluate the incidence and condition of necrotic tumor excretion into the biliary system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) >5 cm treated with conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Eighty-three patients who underwent TACE for newly developed HCC >5 cm without an intraductal tumor thrombus and were followed-up by computed tomography for longer than 6 months were eligible. According to the location, the maximum tumors were divided into central (in contact with the left or right hepatic duct, n = 39) or peripheral (not in contact with them, n = 44). When high-density material in the biliary system that was not seen on pretreatment computed tomography was identified, it was determined as excreted necrotic tumor tissue containing iodized oil. The incidence, interval between TACE and occurrence of the necrotic tumor excretion, and clinical course were evaluated. Results Tumor excretion into the biliary system was identified in nine (10.8%) patients with a central tumor (mean diameter, 85.0 ± 29.6 mm) 28–433 days (mean, 219.3 ± 128.2) after the initial TACE. In one patient, the necrotic tumor cast caused cholangitis 1203 days after the initial TACE, and was endoscopically removed. Infection of the embolized tumor developed in two cases and percutaneous drainage was carried out 105 and 158 days later, respectively. Conclusions Excretion of necrotic tumors into the biliary system after TACE was not rare in patients with centrally located HCC >5 cm. The detached tumor rarely caused symptoms and the communication between the tumor and bile duct caused the infection of tumors.

Purpose: A steerable triaxial system consisting of a small microcatheter, a high-flow steerable microcatheter, and a 4-Fr. catheter is currently used in clinical settings. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the steerable triaxial system for challenging catheterization.Material and methods: Sixteen patients underwent an interventional procedure with the steerable triaxial system. Medical records and images of the procedures were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications related to the procedures were evaluated. Technical success was defined as successful catheterization to the target artery using the steerable triaxial system, and clinical success as completion of the aimed procedure.Results: Catheterization to the target artery was successfully performed with the steerable triaxial system in 14 out of 16 patients, but was unsuccessful in two. Therefore, the technical success rate was 88% (14/16). The procedure was successfully accomplished in the 14 technical success patients. Thus, the clinical success rate was 88% (14/16). There were no complications related to the procedures.Conclusions: The steerable triaxial system has potential as a useful and safe technique for challenging catheterization.

AIM To evaluate the performance of novel virtual parenchymal perfusion (VPP) software in conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS VPP was retrospectively applied to 43 hepatocellular carcinomas treated with cTACE. The virtual embolized area (VEA) was estimated after positioning a virtual injection point on images of non-selective cone-beam computed tomography during hepatic arteriography, at the same position in superselective cTACE. The real embolized area (REA) was defined as the area where iodized oil was retained on 1-week computed tomography after cTACE. Three dimensions across the tumor (maximum [a] and minimum [b] in the axial and craniocaudal [c]) directions, and the volume of the VEA and REA were compared using linear regression analysis. It was also evaluated whether an adequate safety margin ≥5 mm could be predicted by VPP. RESULTS The mean lengths of a, b, and c of the VEA and REA were 54.6 ± 15.9 mm (range 24.9-91.0 mm) and 55.0 ± 15.7 mm (range 23.9-92.8 mm; r = 0.9448, P

Aim To retrospectively evaluate the detectability of tumor recurrence with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after superselective conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The detectability of tumor recurrence with CT and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI obtained within 30 days (mean, 16.9 ± 10.1) were compared in 38 patients with recurrent HCC after superselective cTACE. Tumor recurrence was divided into local and distant recurrence. Local recurrence was also divided into intratumoral and peritumoral recurrence. Results Tumor recurrence (maximum diameter, 19.7 ± 10.1 mm) was demonstrated by images 12.4 ± 11.7 months after cTACE. CT could depict 16 (76.2%) of 21 intratumoral recurrences in 12 patients and 14 (53.8%) of 26 peritumoral recurrences in 11, as well as 39 (55.7%) of 70 distant recurrences in 15 (75%) of 20 patients. Arterial phase MRI could depict 20 (95.2%) of 21 intratumoral recurrences in 14 patients and all 26 (100%) peritumoral recurrences in 21, as well as 60 (85.7%) distant recurrences in all 20 (100%) patients. The detectability of tumor recurrence with MRI was significantly higher than that with CT (P = 0.00549). On MRI, pseudolesions were observed in five (13.2%) patients and artifacts in the arterial phase in five (13.2%). Regarding the diagnostic performance, CT was superior to MRI in two (5.3%) patients and MRI was superior to CT in 19 (50%). They were almost equal in 17 (44.7%). Conclusion The detectability of tumor recurrence after superselective cTACE with gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI was superior to that of CT.

Background Preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors plays an important role in reducing intraoperative blood loss (IBL). Purpose To evaluate the use of a gelatin sponge in preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization for hypervascular bone and soft tissue tumors in the pelvis or extremities. Material and Methods Thirty-seven patients (21 men, 16 women; median age, 61 years; age range, 23–79 years) underwent preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization between April 2004 and January 2015. Medical records and images were reviewed, and the technical success rate, clinical success rate, and complications were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a devascularization rate of 75% or higher, and clinical success was defined as intraoperative blood loss (IBL) Results Tumor sizes were in the range of 2.0–13.0 cm (median, 5.0 cm). The devascularization rate was decreased by >75% at follow-up angiography in all cases, and the technical success rate was 100 % (37/37). The median IBL was 491 mL (range, 30–3800 mL), and the clinical success rate was 89% (33/37). The minor complication of local pain was observed in 13 out of 37 cases (35%) during or after embolization, but was controllable by an analgesic. Conclusion Preoperative transarterial embolization using a gelatin sponge appears to be feasible and safe, and may contribute to decreasing IBL.

We report the usefulness of dual-phase cone-beam computed tomography during angiography (CBCTA) and automated tumour-feeder detection software (AFD) in transarterial embolization (TAE) for three consecutive cases of obscure arterial bleeding in the abdomen. Two patients presented with lower gastrointestinal bleeding and one showed bleeding into the pancreatic pseudocyst. Superior mesenteric or common hepatic angiography did not demonstrate extravasation, but dual-phase CBCTA and AFD could identify extravasation and an access route to the bleeding point. TAE with gelatin sponge particles and a microcoil was successfully performed under AFD guidance in all patients without any complication, and haemostasis could be achieved.

Rationale and Objectives Evaluation of contrast enhancement of pulmonary lesions with ground-glass attenuation (GGA) is difficult with conventional techniques but might be possible using contrast-mapping images (CMIs) obtained by dual-energy computed tomography. To address this issue, a phantom study was conducted, and this technique was then applied to clinical cases. Materials and Methods Phantoms made of agarose gel and those made of hollow resin clay, containing various concentrations of iodine or calcium, were used to simulate soft tissue and GGA, respectively. They were scanned using a dual-energy computed tomographic scanner, and the relationship between iodine concentration and calculated iodine value on CMIs was examined. The influence of calcium was also evaluated. In addition, contrast enhancement of 24 GGA lesions was evaluated on CMIs. Results There was a good correlation between iodine value and iodine concentration in the soft-tissue models ( r 2 = 0.996). In the GGA models, the former tended to exceed the latter when default parameters for calculating CMIs were used, but this could be corrected by modifying the parameters ( r 2 = 0.998). The iodine value increased with calcium concentration in both models. On CMIs, contrast enhancement was visible in 22 adenocarcinomas but not in a pulmonary hemorrhage and an inflammatory change. Conclusions Dual-energy computed tomography can evaluate contrast enhancement of GGA lesions.

Objective: To investigate the utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging for diagnosing multiple system atrophy-parkinsonism (MSA-P). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 49 subjects (19 with MSA-P including 11 with early-stage disease, 15 with Parkinson’s disease and 15 matched controls) in order to compare the diagnostic value of FLAIR imaging to detect a hyperintense putaminal rim (HPR) with that of T2-weighted (T2W) imaging. Results: Compared with T2W imaging, FLAIR imaging detected HPR more conspicuously in the 19 MSA-P patients (p = 0.01); this trend was also observed in 11 early-stage MSA-P patients (p = 0.01). Furthermore, FLAIR imaging tended to increase sensitivity of detecting HPR compared with T2W imaging (all patients: 89 vs. 58%, p = 0.07; early-stage patients: 100 vs. 55%, p = 0.06). Conclusions: FLAIR imaging might be more useful for detecting HPR in MSA-P patients, even though they are at an early stage.

Aim We evaluated the performance of automated tumor-feeder detection (AFD) software using cone-beam computed tomography technology in identifying tumor-feeders of extrahepatic collaterals. Methods AFD was prospectively used in superselective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or embolization (TAE) of extrahepatic collaterals for 29 hepatocellular carcinomas and one liver metastasis (mean tumor diameter ± standard deviation, 28 ± 15.6 mm) in 25 patients. The detectability of extrahepatic tumor-feeders with non-selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and AFD was evaluated and compared using a χ2-test. Tumor response of target lesions in each patient at 2–3 months after treatment was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Complications were also evaluated. Results Of 46 tumor-feeders, non-selective DSA and AFD could identify 26 and 44, respectively (P

This paper describes the trends of automotive fuel qualities in Japan. It was found that most gasoline properties, such as Research Octane Number (RON) , Motor Octane Number (MON) and Distillation Temperature, remained almost constant. Although ASTM Cetane Index, Kineamitc Viscosity and 90% Distillation Temperature (T90) of diesel fuels increased, the other diesel fuel properties remained almost constant. Finally, we evaluated Japanese automotive fuel properties by comparing them with the fuel quality recommendations of the World-Wide Fuel Charter.

This article shortly explains about the Database center for life science in Japan.

We encountered 6 rare cases of acute-onset unilateral psychogenic hearing loss in adults. All were women in their 20s and 30s. Three cases had severe hearing impairment characterized by hearing loss at every frequency; 2 cases had profound hearing impairment, and 1 case had low-frequency hearing impairment. Of the 6 cases, 3 had a history of hearing loss, and 1 had a history of psychogenic visual disturbance. All 6 cases were initially diagnosed as having idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; all subsequently received steroid therapy. Three cases were not diagnosed as being psychogenic in origin until otoacoustic emissions and auditory brain responses were performed. Although the presence of distinctive clinical features (age, gender, and past history) is important for suspecting psychogenic hearing loss, objective audiological tests such as otoacoustic emissions are essential for diagnosing some cases. Compared to the existing reports of similar cases, our cases had a poorer prognosis (only 2 cases were cured).

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently discovered systemic condition, in which various organ manifestations are linked by a similar histological appearance. Our knowledge of this condition is still fragmented, as most studies have examined only a few dozen patients or focused on a particular organ manifestation. This study was conducted to learn the demography and patient characteristics of IgG4-RD using a large cohort. A total of 235 consecutive patients with IgG4-RD, diagnosed in 8 general hospitals in the same medical district, were identified by searching the institutions’ radiology database. Inclusion criteria were histology-proven IgG4-RD according to the Pathology Consensus Statement and/or definitive type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis meeting the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria. Clinical notes and images of selected patients were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were adults (M/F = 4/1). The median age was 67 years (range 35–86). Nine tenths were diagnosed in their 50s to 70s. Among 486 manifestations identified in total, the most common was pancreatitis diagnosed in 142 patients (60%), followed by sialadenitis (34%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (23%), dacryoadenitis (23%), and periaortitis (20%). The majority of patients (95%) had at least 1 of the 5 most common manifestations. Male and female patients differed in their organ manifestations (periaortitis more common in males and sialodacryoadenitis more common in females). Serum IgG4 (normal ≤135 mg/dL) was elevated to >135 mg/dL in 208 patients (88%) and >270 mg/dL in 167 (71%). The IgG4 value was significantly higher in patients with multiorgan involvement than in those with a single manifestation (median 629 mg/dL vs 299 mg/dL, P 10% in 194 (89%). Corticosteroids were effective, but the relapse rate was estimated to be 24% in the study period (median 37 months). During the follow-up, 15 malignant diseases were diagnosed in 13 patients (6%). This figure is similar to the incidence (12.9 cancers) expected from the Japanese nationwide study for cancer epidemiology (standardized incidence ratio 1.16). In conclusion, this reliable dataset could improve the characterization of IgG4-RD, particularly its unique demography and the frequency of each organ manifestation.

In 1999, some Japanese fuel suppliers sold highly concentrated alcohol fuels, which are . mixtures of gasoline and oxygenates, such as alcohol or ether, in amounts of 50% or more. In August 2001, it was reported that some vehicle models using the highly concentrated alcohol fuels encountered fuel leakage and vehicle fires due to corrosion of the aluminum used for the fuel-system parts. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of Japan (MLIT) jointly established the committee on safety for highly concentrated alcohol fuels in September 2001. The committee consisted of automotive technology and metal corrosion experts knowledgeable about preventing such accidents and ensuring user safety. Immersion tests were conducted on metals and other materials used for the fuel-supply system parts to determine the corrosion resistance to each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels. It was confirmed that each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels currently on the market causes corrosion of the aluminum generally used for automotive fuel-system parts.

We construct a high-precision wavelength meter for infrared tunable diode lasers (TDL) which consists of moving corner reflectors forming a Michelson interferometer, with a single-frequency HeNe laser as a standard. The design of the wavelength meter is described in detail, and possible sources of errors are discussed. An absolute accuracy of 10−7 is demonstrated by measuring CO2 laser wavelengths and almost the same order of accuracy is achieved by applying the wavelength meter to the ν1 band of N2O observed by a TDL.

Transient cooling of CO 2 and mixtures of CO 2 –N 2 , CO 2 –He was investigated in the pressure range of range of 5–460 Torr, using different wavelength radiations of the CO 2 laser, i.e. the P and R branches of 10.6 µm and 9.6 µm radiation. Temperature variations of the irradiated gases were detected by a condenser microphone through the pressure changes. Observed experimental results are explained, based on the variation of the vibrational relaxation times of the CO 2 molecule under different physical conditions.

The v = 1 ← 0 vibration-rotation bands of the NS radical in the X 2 Π 1 2 and X 2 Π 3 2 electronic states were observed by using a tunable diode laser. From the least-squares analysis the band origins were determined to be 1204.2755(12) and 1204.0892(19) cm−1, respectively, for X 2 Π 1 2 and X 2 Π 3 2 . The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and the internuclear distance in the X2Π electronic state were obtained as follows: Be = 0.775549(10) cm−1, De = 0.00000129(33) cm−1, and r e = 1.49403(4) A , with three standard deviations indicated in parentheses.

The vibration-rotation spectrum of the HO2 ν2 bending fundamental band was observed by a semiconductor diode laser spectrometer with a Zeeman modulation technique. The wavelength of the laser was measured by a high-precision λ meter. Of 153 lines which were observed by Zeeman modulation, 137 lines were assigned. A least-squares analysis was carried out on 131 observed lines with 1 ≦ N ≦ 13 and 0 ≦ Ka ≦ 4, to determine the rotational constants, the centrifugal distortion constants, and the spin-rotation interaction constants in the ν2 state. The band origin, which was also derived, is 1391.7540 (2) cm−1 [the value in the parenthesis denotes the standard error]. The force field of the HO2 molecule is briefly discussed using molecular constants obtained in previous works and in the present work.

The poor cold startability is one of the problems in using methanol as the fuel for Otto-type engines. A method for solving this problem is to mix some additives for cold start improvement. The effects of various additives and their concentrations on the improvement of cold startability were studied.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on two real-time DNA fragment detection systems, detecting β ray and fluorescence. As visible light produces only a small amount of fluorescence in gels, a visible light-emitting fluorophore is used as a labeling compound. Only one kind of fluorophore is used because of several drawbacks of the multicolor label method. Fluoresceine isothicyanate (FITC) is used as the labeling compound. It gives strong fluorescence and, therefore, a high detecting sensitivity. For a high-sensitivity detection, it is necessary to carry out simultaneous irradiation of all electrophoresis lanes and simultaneous detection of fluorescence from every lane. To achieve this, a side-entry laser irradiation method is employed. It is also used as fluorescence line-image sensing by means of a TV camera system. The real-time fluorescence detection method is a very promising method for rapid DNA sequencing. Its capability is enhanced by improving data acquisition system and electrophoresis condition. A capability of gel reuse is also demonstrated, which is another feature of the fluorescence method.

This paper describes a high-temperature ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry (HT-UDV) technique that has been successfully applied to measure velocity profiles of the lead-lithium eutectic alloy (PbLi) f...