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In the present era of data-driven architectures like 5G, Internet of things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), etc, the requirement of fast-switchable memory storage is more than ever. Oxide resistive switches are considered to be a primary choice in the non-volatile memory design. In this work, we have engineered the conventional metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure of an oxide memristor (Ag/ZnO/ITO) by inducing an additional oxide layer La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) at the interface between the active layer (ZnO) and Ag electrode. The presence of LSMO acts as a reservoir for the oxygen vacancies, easing the conducting filament formation process in ZnO, thereby enabling drastic improvement of the switching performance and offering reliable endurance over multiple switching cycles. First-principles-based calculations suggested the role of Oxygen vacancies in controlling the electronic state of ZnO and formation of vacancies in the resistive switching process, which is in agreement with the experimental observation. The current results pave ways for improving the switching performance of resistive memory circuits through simple structural engineering incorporation, which lies at the heart of oxide electronics.

Background Researchers have struggled to understand the natural history of lesions presenting with both lichenoid features and epithelial dysplasia. Thus the present study was designed to differentiate between OLP, OLP with dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia and epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features based on the expressions of ki-67, p53, COX-2, and α-SMA. Materials and methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival specimens of OLP, OLP with dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia and epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with ki-67, p53, COX-2, and α-SMA. Results Ki-67 exhibited strong positivity in 100% (6/6) of epithelial dysplasia cases, 71.4% (5/7) of lichenoid dysplasia cases, 57.1% (4/7) of OLP cases and 60% (3/5) of OLP with dysplasia cases. Strong p53 staining was evident in more cases of lichenoid dysplasia [42.8% (3/7)], while moderate staining was more frequent in OLP cases [42.8% (3/7)] and OLP with dysplasia cases [42.8% (3/7)] and mild intensity was more frequent in epithelial dysplasia cases [50% (3/6)] followed by lichenoid dysplasia cases [42.8% (3/7)], OLP cases [28.5 (2/7)] and OLP with dysplasia cases [40% (2/5)]. COX-2 strong positivity was more frequent in cases of epithelial dysplasia cases [57.1% (4/7)] and OLP [50% (3/6)]. Strong α- SMA staining was noted more frequently in lichenoid dysplasia cases [71.4 (5/7)], followed by OLP cases [42.8% (3/7)] and OLP with dysplasia cases [60% (3/5)]. Conclusions Ki-67, p53, α-SMA and COX-2 expression do not differentiate between OLP, LP with dysplasia and epithelial dysplasia with lichenoid features.

Extraction of roads from high-resolution aerial images with a high degree of accuracy is a prerequisite in various applications. In aerial images, road pixels and background pixels are generally in the ratio of ones-to-tens, which implies a class imbalance problem. Existing semantic segmentation architectures generally do well in road-dominated cases but fail in background-dominated scenarios. This paper proposes a dense refinement residual network (DRR Net) for semantic segmentation of aerial imagery data. The proposed semantic segmentation architecture is composed of multiple DRR modules for the extraction of diversified roads alleviating the class imbalance problem. Each module of the proposed architecture utilizes dense convolutions at various scales only in the encoder for feature learning. Residual connections in each module of the proposed architecture provide the guided learning path by propagating the combined features to subsequent DRR modules. Segmentation maps undergo various levels of refinement based on the number of DRR modules utilized in the architecture. To emphasize more on small object instances, the proposed architecture has been trained with a composite loss function. The qualitative and quantitative results are reported by utilizing the Massachusetts roads dataset. The experimental results report that the proposed architecture provides better results as compared to other recent architectures.

(1) Objective: To review the criteria proposed by Cerero-Lapiedra et al. and to retrospectively identify the under-diagnosed disease in patients diagnosed with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. (2) Materials and methods: In this study, we included patients who were diagnosed with leukoplakia (histological label consistent with the clinical diagnosis, n = 95), and cases with a final diagnosis within the spectrum of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (n = 110) as defined by Batsakis et al. We applied the criteria proposed by Cerero-Lepiedra et al. to screen for the possible cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. (3) Results: Although many of our patients satisfied specific isolated criteria, only 11 cases satisfied specific combinations of the guidelines to satisfy a diagnosis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. However, due to the lack of follow-up data, the disease is not confirmed in these 11 cases. (4) Conclusion: A limited number of cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia were diagnosed using the criteria given by Cerero-Lapiedra et al. The true natural history of the disease could not be studied due to the lack of follow-up data. (5) Clinical relevance: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia presenting as hyperkeratosis or mild epithelial dysplasia are often not followed up, and they subsequently transform into carcinoma. Thus, clinicians must be vigilant whenever they encounter leukoplakia, especially with multifocal presentations. In such cases, the follow-up data are the key to understanding the true nature of the disease entity.

This paper proposes a robust framework for quality restoration of remotely sensed aerial images. Proposed framework works in three steps: (1) Efficient color balancing and saturation adjustment, (2) Efficient color restoration, (3) Modified contrast enhancement using particle swarm optimization (PSO). In order to show the robustness, step-wise results of proposed framework is illustrated. Several aerial images from two publically available datasets are tested to support the robustness of the proposed framework over existing image quality restoration methods. The experimental results of proposed framework and other existing quality restoration methods are compared in terms of NIQMC, BIQME, MICHELSON, DE, EME and PIXDIST along with visual experimental results. Based on experimental results conducted on several aerial images suggest that the proposed framework is outperform over existing quality restoration methods.

Aim The aim of the study was to report a unique case of glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) in an unusual location of anterior maxilla. Materials and methods Considering the age, sex, and location of the lesion, a minimally invasive surgical procedure was opted considering esthetics, such as decompression followed by enucleation and fresh frozen bone (FFB) grafting. To arrive at the diagnosis, cytokeratin (CK)-19 was employed to differentiate from suspected intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Results With the evidence of pre- and post treatment histopathological changes, the lesion appeared less aggressive justifying the treatment executed. Conclusion Glandular odontogenic cyst is a locally aggressive jaw cyst, which has a high rate of cortical perforation and recurrence that poses both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinical significance Treatment of decompression, followed by enucleation may be considered as an effective option in comparison to aggressive surgical intervention. How to cite this article Kumari K, Sowmya SV, Vineeth K, Rao RS, Lalitha RM, Augustine D, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S, Abraham M. Staged Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach in the Management of Glandular Odontogenic Cyst. World J Dent 2018;9(1):48-52.

In this study, we reported the presence of robust, reversible unipolar electric pulse-induced resistance switching effects in copper iodide and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocomposites. The properties of the resistive switching and change in the I–V pattern was analyzed over 100 cycles by hysteretic pulse current–voltage measurement (pulse width = 0.01 s and pulse period = 0.02 s). The charge transport analysis of various regions of the 1st cycle pointed towards Schottky emission and Poole–Frenkel effect to be the dominant mechanisms in lower bias region and higher bias region respectively. On the other hand, resistive switching turned out to be stable over 1000 cycles of square electrical pulse train measurement where frequency of 125 Hz (pulse period 2 ms and pulse width 100 μ s ) and 250 Hz (pulse period 1 ms and pulse width 50 μ s ) were used.

With the recent surge of emerging memory technologies, the demand for storage capacities in various applications is more than ever. Oxide material based memory elements are promising candidates for designing future non-volatile storage architectures. In this work, we investigated the structural, transport and resistive switching (RS) behaviour of a novel hybrid structure made of calcium doped LaMnO3 (LCMO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Very stable and robust bipolar RS behaviour was observed with additional tunability obtained through the variation in the rGO concentration in the structure. The presence of a metal to insulator transition is clearly observed with a lowering of the transition temperature on increase in the rGO content. Both the effects can be attributed to the oxygen vacancy generation and filament formation as confirmed from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. The combined attributes of easy fabrication route, robust switching behaviour and environmental stability of the present system makes it a superior candidate for future non-volatile memory design and oxide electronics.

Future developments in the non-volatile memory design like resistive random access memory (RRAM) holds the backbone of data-controlled applications. The present study reports the investigation of the resistive switching behaviour of a novel nanocomposite system composed of La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 and Graphene (Gr)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for memory design. The presence of Gr offers a superior switching behaviour, the microscopic origin of which lies in the formation/breakage of conduction filamentary paths, formed through the presence of oxygen vacancies as supported via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. The change in the resistance states can be accounted for the exchange interaction along the Mn3+–O2−–Mn4+ chain, offering simultaneous control over the resistance states via the electric and magnetic field. The conduction behaviour is dominated by the Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling mechanism. The presence of robust and stable switching behaviour over 1000 cycles, stable ON/OFF ratio, and simple synthesis process indicates the potential of the present material system(s) to be an interesting candidate for future memory design.

Nanocomposite made of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a promising candidate for non-volatile memory application in oxide electronics. Here, we report bipolar resistive switching (RS) behaviour in (1-x)LSMO.(x)rGO nanocomposite system, for 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.010. The structural characterization revealed the presence of individual constituent phases. The switching behaviour is observed to be very stable over 1000 switching cycles and robust against different voltage sweeping rates with a minimum switching speed of 1.1 μs. An oxygen vacancy induced conduction filament based model is proposed to understand the origin of the switching phenomenon and similar observation is made through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements.

The prevalence of oral cancer is exponentially increasing and it has become one of the common causes for mortality and morbidity. Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease, but tobacco is regarded as the most important attribute for its development. It can be preventable by the intervention of risk factors. Its early detection can minimize its detrimental eff ects and can improve the quality of life of the patient. The aim of this review article is to identify the current aspects in oral cancer diagnosis and management and to highlight the future prospects in this fi eld.

Introduction Oral carcinoma is a global health problem. India accounts for one-third of world burden with high prevalence rate of 2.5 million and mortality rate of 5.5 lacs per year. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process that frequently involves invasion and metastasis that needs early detection and treatment to improve the overall quality of life. The ability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) to metastasize to lymph nodes does not always show a relationship with clinical staging. A spectrum of molecular mechanisms is involved in carcinogenesis, where defect in the regulation of apoptosis is assumed to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Apoptosis regulatory genes include the antiapoptotic protein such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene that might be used as a molecular marker to evaluate the biological behaviour of oral cancer. Aim To evaluate and correlate the Bcl-2 expression in OSCC patients with lymphnode metastasis and without metastasis. Materials and methods The study comprised of 30 samples, 15 cases of metastatic and 15 non-metastatic primary OSCC. All the cases were stained for routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and Bcl-2 antibody by immunohistochemistry. The H&E stained sections were evaluated for Lymphocytic Infiltrate (LI) and Pattern Of Invasion (POI). Bcl-2 stained sections were evaluated for staining intensity and distribution. The differences between the groups were statistically analysed using chi-square test. Results The histopathological parameters, LI and POI did not show any statistical difference between the study groups. Expression of Bcl-2 in OSCC was 33.3% among the study groups, where metastatic group showed a positive expression of 13.3% and 20% in non-metastatic OSCC that did not show statistically significance among the study groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 between the study groups. Apoptosis is regulated by interaction among the Bcl-2 gene family. Hence, evaluation of Bcl-2 along with other apoptotic regulating proteins could define the role in pathogenesis and prognosis of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC.

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare entity with its histopathological distinction from conventional squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently considered a high-grade carcinoma with poor prognosis because of higher rate of distant metastases. Here by, we are reporting a case of 39-year-old male with an ulcer on the left lateral border of the tongue since a month. Histopathological examination of incisional biopsy revealed basaloid tumour cell islands accompanied by component of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. To reconfirm this incidental finding immunohistochemistry was carried out for Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) which was positive to conclude diagnosis of BSCC. Further p16 staining was done to rule out Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to compare the Low dose magnesium sulphate regime Vs standard dose with regard to the efficacy, maternal outcome and fetal - neonatal outcome. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted at Govt. General Hospital Kakinada from June 2009 to September 2010. A Total of 100eclampsia patients were studied with50 cases in each group. In Low dose regime, a loading dose of 4gm Magnesium Sulphate (20ml of 20% solution) given slow IV over 20 minutes. This is compared to standard Pritchard regimen and a maintenance dose of 2gm deep IM 4 th hourly up to 24hrs after delivery/ last convulsion whichever is later. RESULTS: Low dose magnesium sulphate regimen is as effective as Pritchard standard regimen in controlling eclamptic convulsions. No increase in maternal morbidity, mortality and no increase in perinatal morbidity, mortality were noted in the study group. CONCLUSION: A lower dose of magnesium sulphate is suitable and equally effective in Indian women who on an average weigh much less than the western counterparts to control convulsions in eclampsia with no increase in maternal mortality & morbidity (or) perinatal mortality & morbidity with the added benefit of reducing the side effects. The results obtained with this low dose regime bring out the focus for the need to review the correct dose of magnesium sulphate in Eclampsia in Indian scenario.

Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate, compare, and correlate the types of collagen fibers seen in different grades of oral cancer. Methods Thirty cases of histologically-diagnosed, well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were retrieved from the archives of the Institute. Collagen was evaluated using picrosirius red stain and immunohistochemical analysis of the antibody to type III collagen. A correlation between these findings and the grade of OSCC was evaluated. Results Collagen fibers showed a change in birefringence ranging from reddish–orange to greenish–yellow in well- to poorly-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma. The findings were statistically significant for polarizing colors observed in grades of OSCC (P

INTRODUCTION: VWD is named after Erik Adolf Von Willebrand, a Finnish pediatrician who first described the disease in 1926. Von Willebrand disease is the most common hereditary coagulation abnormality described in humans, although it can also be acquired as a result of other medical conditions. It arises from a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion. There are three forms of VWD: VWD Type-I, Type-II, Type-III. Within the three inherited types of VWD there are various sub-types.1 VWD Type-1 is the most common type of the disorder2 and those that have it are typically asymptomatic or may experience mild symptoms such as nose bleeds although it may be severe in some cases. There are various factors that affect the presentation and severity of symptoms of VWD such as blood type.3

The study was conducted in 2000 adult Punjabi females ranging in age from 20 to 60 years during the period 1998-2001. The methodology comprised of interview and clinical examination. Blood pressure...