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As emergencies occur more frequently, such as natural disasters and industrial accidents, evacuation planning attracts more and more attention. Bus is often used to evacuate car-free people due to its large capacity and manageability. To improve the efficiency and practicality of public transport evacuation plans, this paper presents a round-trip bus evacuation model based on unfixed routes with simultaneous optimization of bus scheduling and routing planning. With constraints of bus capacity, evacuee demand at pick-up points, time windows and flow balance, the proposed model aims to reduce the total evacuee time cost, including in-bus travel time and waiting time. Moreover, a two-layer algorithm, integrating the insertion algorithm and the edge-exchange algorithm, is devised to obtain the model sub-optimal solution. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution, two cases are presented in this paper. In the first case, the proposed model and algorithm manage to solve bus evacuation problems effectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the impact factors on the objective function. Based on the realistic topology and size network of Ningbo in China, the second case illustrates the practical value of the model and solution in large-scale evacuation, and demonstrates the superiority over the conventional solution.

Alternative antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed for a variety of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Faropenem is an orally available β-lactam in the class of carbapenem antibiotics. Thus far, little information is available on faropenem susceptibility of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates from China. Therefore, in the current study 141 contemporary clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA: n = 18), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS: n = 16), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 14), Enterococcus faecium (n = 7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 21), Escherichia coli (n = 20), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 20), were collected between March 2018 and March 2019 and tested for susceptibility to faropenem and other antimicrobials using the broth microdilution method. All E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii isolates were fully resistant to faropenem. However, most of the MRSA, CNS, E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, and E. coli isolates appeared to be susceptible to faropenem, with minimal inhibitory concentration90 values of 4 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 2 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, faropenem could be considered as alternative therapy for future treatment of multidrug-resistant MRSA, CNS, E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, and E. coli infections in China.

In this work, we reported an efficient and universal method to fabricate perovskite quantum dot (PQD) solar cells with enhanced efficiency. Through dissolving an optimal amount of conjugated polymers in a PQD matrix solution to fabricate a polymer-QD bulk heterojunction hybrid layer located at PQD/hole transporting layer (HTL) interfaces, the resultant solar cell devices exhibit significantly enhanced short-circuit current density and efficiency. In-depth characterization indicates that adding an optimal amount of conjugated polymers to the PQD film can effectively reduce pin-holes, resulting in more efficient interfacial charge transfer and decreased carrier recombination loss. More importantly, it shows that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the conjugated polymer is crucial for achieving improved carrier transport at the PQD/HTL interfaces. Through rational selection of conjugated polymers, we achieved the best power conversion efficiency of ∼14% and 13.2% for CsPbI3 and FAPbI3 PQD based solar cells respectively, placing them at the forefront of all reported PQD solar cells. These findings will provide insights into well controlling organic–inorganic interfaces to improve current PQD based photovoltaic (PV) devices.

This paper introduces an optimization method (SCE-SR) that combines shuffled complex evolution (SCE) and stochastic ranking (SR) to solve constrained reservoir scheduling problems, ranking individuals with both objectives and constrains considered. A specialized strategy is used in the evolution process to ensure that the optimal results are feasible individuals. This method is suitable for handling multiple conflicting constraints, and is easy to implement, requiring little parameter tuning. The search properties of the method are ensured through the combination of deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The proposed SCE-SR was tested against hydropower scheduling problems of a single reservoir and a multi-reservoir system, and its performance is compared with that of two classical methods (the dynamic programming and genetic algorithm). The results show that the SCE-SR method is an effective and efficient method for optimizing hydropower generation and locating feasible regions quickly, with sufficient global convergence properties and robustness. The operation schedules obtained satisfy the basic scheduling requirements of reservoirs. Keywords: Reservoir scheduling, Optimization method, Constraint handling, Shuffled complex evolution, Stochastic ranking

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the public health response system worldwide, especially in poverty-stricken, war-torn, and least developed countries (LDCs). Methods: We characterized the epidemiological features and spread dynamics of COVID-19 in Niger, quantified the effective reproduction number (Rt ), evaluated the impact of public health control measures, and estimated the disease burden. Results: As of 4 July 2020, COVID-19 has affected 29 communes of Niger with 1093 confirmed cases, among whom 741 (67.8%) were males. Of them 89 cases died, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 8.1%. Both attack rates and CFRs were increased with age (P < 0.0001). Health care workers accounted for 12.8% cases. Among the reported cases, 39.3% were isolated and treated at home, and 42.3% were asymptomatic. 74.6% cases were clustered in Niamey, the capital of Niger. The Rt fluctuated in correlation to control measures at different outbreak stages. After the authorities initiated the national response and implemented the strictest control measures, Rt quickly dropped to below the epidemic threshold (

최근 제 4차 산업 혁명이 도래하면서 세계의 산업 구조와 시장에 커다란 변화를 끼치고 있다. 기업 및 국가에서는 다양한 제품과 서비스 출시를 위해 막대한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이로 인해 많은 양의 과학 지식이 생산되고 있으며 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구들은 단일 매체를 통한 기술 동향파악 연구가 대다수로 편향적인 결과를 도출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특허와 논문 데이터를 활용하여 웨어러블 디바이스에 관한 기술 동향을 파악하고자 한다. 또한, 향후 고려해야 하는 세부기술을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 방법으로 웨어러블 디바이스 관련 자료를 수집하고 의미론적 복합단어를 단일 키워드로 도출, 도출된 키워드를 통한 시기별 핵심기술과 세부기술 파악을 위해 Word2vec 분석을 수행하고자 한다. 분석결과, 최근 헬스케어 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있으며 세부기술로 ‘나노’, ‘포함’, ‘생물정보’ 순으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 근거로 웨어러블 디바이스 동향파악에 생체계측기기 기술이 고려할 기술로 나타났으며, 향후 기업의 기술 전략수립에 필요한 정보로 제공하고자 한다.

Among solution-processed photovoltaic materials, lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) possess a highly tunable bandgap and strong infrared absorption, while metal halide perovskites show extraordinary external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the visible region, which offers the opportunity to construct an ideal tandem cell of PbS QDs/perovskite. However, it still remains a huge challenge to integrate fragile perovskite films into a monolithic tandem structure. We have for the first time addressed the challenge of preparing stable and efficient tandem solar cells combining PbS colloidal QDs with emerging MAPbI3 perovskites by all-solution-processing. A perfectly superimposed open circuit voltage and an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.03% have been achieved, which is the highest reported PCE for any PbS QD based tandem solar cell. And we believe this efficiency will be further improved by using perovskites with wider bandgaps to provide more complementary absorption. In addition, the introduction of a PbS subcell can effectively eliminate the hysteresis-effect in metal-halide perovskites, and result in high UV stability and exceptional storage stability under a dry environment without encapsulation. Therefore, we revealed that the synergetic use of QDs and perovskite materials in tandem structures can extend the range of device photo response and simultaneously deliver excellent device performance as well as improved stability. Moreover, our work provided an important starting point for future advances in efficient QDs/perovskite tandem solar cells with more complementary absorption.

Background The purpose of the current study was to explore the use of SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) for handoffs between surgical team members six years after implementation in a large academic tertiary care center. Methods Researchers observed 23 operative procedures for the presence of SBAR components (“S”,“B”,“A”,“R”) and the duration of handoffs by role type (circulating registered nurses (RN), certified surgical technicians (CST), certified surgical assistants/first assistants (CSA), and anesthesia team members(ANES)). Handoffs by role were further investigated between the giver and receiver of information defined as “personnel-change”. Inter-rater reliability, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests and appropriate post hoc tests were employed. Results Overall, of 119 handoffs observed, each on average addressed 67% of the four possible components. Specifically, 90% included component “S”, 58% included “B”, 64% included “A” and 55% included “R”. The frequency of SBAR components used differed by role type, (ANES included components “B”, “A” and more factors in total than CSA), as well as the duration of each handoff (ANES handoffs were longer than CST and CSA). Frequency of components used also differed significantly by personnel-change type (handoffs from original members to relief included significantly more SBAR components). Conclusion Findings suggest that while handoffs included most of the four SBAR factors, each varied by role type as well as personnel-change type involved. While SBAR has been implemented in several healthcare organizations, it may not be a “one-size fits all” model for all involved in the transfer of information and responsibility of care intraoperatively.

Hot stamping of aluminium alloys is a tailored forming process, with the assigned processing windows determining the quality of each hot stamped component in terms of its post-form strength. In this work, a processing window calculator, ‘Tailor’, was developed in order to define the optimal processing parameters that should be used in a production line to successfully produce a component with the desired post-form strength using hot stamping. ‘Tailor’ was developed using the results of forming tests, air-cooling tests and multi-stage artificial ageing tests, which provided guidance on the values for the die closing force, transfer time and artificial ageing time to be used in the hot stamping process. The effectiveness of ‘Tailor’ was demonstrated in two case studies.

Better understanding of urban mass transit trip mobility patterns will be helpful to increase public transit ridership and improve transit services of large cities. Therefore, a station-ori...

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, predictability and safety of astigmatic keratotomy (AK) combined with scleral tunnel incisions in the treatment of high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Paired AK combined with scleral tunnel incisions was performed at the steep astigmatic meridian in 8 eyes of 8 patients with high keratometric astigmatism [>5.0 diopters (D)] after PKP. Pre- and post-operative parameters, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction and keratometric astigmatism were evaluated. The Alpins method for vector analysis was used to evaluate the changes in keratometric astigmatism. The results indicated a statistically significant reduction in the mean keratometric astigmatism from 8.16±3.02 D pre-operatively to 2.28±1.07 D at 3 months postoperatively. The mean UCVA improved from 0.95±0.24 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) pre-operatively to 0.61±0.17 logMAR at 3 months postoperatively (P0.05). Between 3 and 6 months after the surgery, the keratometric astigmatism remained stable. Alpins vector analysis demonstrated the relative predictability of this combined surgical treatment. The surgically induced astigmatism was significantly correlated with the target induced astigmatism (r=0.76, P

AimTo evaluate the relationship between leptomeningeal collaterals and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after carotid artery stenting (CAS).MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of 228 patients (median age 75 years (range 44–90); 187 men and 41 women) who underwent CAS due to unilateral carotid atherosclerotic plaque from January 2009 to December 2013. Cerebral angiographic findings were classified into three patterns: type I, normal visualization of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries without leptomeningeal collaterals; type II, visualization of the middle cerebral artery only without leptomeningeal collaterals; and type III, visualization of leptomeningeal collateral flow.ResultsFor all cerebral angiographic findings, 146 (64.0%) were type I, 61 (26.8%) were type II, and 21 (9.2%) were type III. Four patients (1.8%) died with fatal ICH after CAS and had type III angiographic findings (19%). The prevalence of ICH in patients with leptomeningeal collateral vessels was significantly higher than in patients without leptomeningeal collateral vessels (19% vs 0%, pConclusionsLeptomeningeal collateral vessels are a major risk factor for ICH after CAS in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.

Measurement of curved surface having large radius of curvature is still a problem for the modern industry measurement. The method of measurement based on laser range finder is a method commonly used in modern industry measurement, which can solve this problem. The system has larger measurement range and higher precision, it belongs to the non-contact measurement systems, so the measured piece could be freely set. Establish an appropriate measurement system based on surface features; obtain the spatial coordinate of the detection points of the measured curved surface through laser ranging; acquire the three-dimensional diagram of the surface features of the curved surface with matlab-based curved surface fitting software; automate the detecting system via the singlechip-based automatic control system. The present device had advantages of high accuracy, convenience and shortcut, low cost and strong adaptability to environmental conditions, which can effectively compensate for the present vacant situation of the portable large curved surface measuring device and have wide applications.

The paper analyzes the forms of different probe pole distribution automatic detection equipment inspection speed setting principle; Combined the common failure modes of several kinds of probe or channel, in order to ensure the detection achieve 100% scanning coverage and discusses the detection speed setting problem.

Silicon dies were thinned down and bump pitch became smaller to have a lot of input/output in electronic device packages especially in package on package configuration. This presents challenges on underfill (UF) dispense processing. UF voids occurred near the dispense side of bumps in multiple dispense pass technology. In this paper, we will review UF flow behavior on thin die technology, as well as the process and material interaction that cause UF void formation. Process optimization, such as the time between two dispense passes has become a critical parameter to eliminate UF voids without causing UF epoxy roll up that can cause reliability failure.

Most of social network visualization methods have been only focusing on presentation of social network relationship. However, the methods do not consider an efficient processing speed and computational complexity for increasing at the ratio of arithmetical of a big data regarding social network. This paper proposes a cloud based on visualization method to visualize an inherence relationship of user on social network. The proposed method can intuitionally understand the user's social relationship since the method uses correlation matrix to represent a hierarchical relationship of user nodes of social network. It also can easily identify a key role relationship of users on social network. In addition, the method uses Hadoop based on cloud for distributed parallel processing of visualization algorithm, which it can expedite the big data of social network.

In this paper, a Prototype design of electronic coupons ecosystem using NFC (Near Field Communication) in smart phones with OMM (Object Memory Model) is presented. The goal of OMM is to support the life cycle of NFC-based Electronic Coupon ecosystem for profile and usage, from E-Coupon push service and to E-Coupon clearance, using smart phone based on NFC devices. We propose the E-Coupon with OMM based on NFC, and present software design of E-Coupon among server and users.

Data management is a crucial aspect in the Internet of Things (IoT) on Cloud. Big data is about the processing and analysis of large data repositories on Cloud computing. Big document summarization method is an important technique for data management of IoT. Traditional document summarization methods are restricted to summarize suitable information from the exploding IoT big data on Cloud. This paper proposes a big data (i.e., documents, texts) summarization method using the extracted semantic feature which it is extracted by distributed parallel processing of NMF based cloud technique of Hadoop. The proposed method can well represent the inherent structure of big documents set using the semantic feature by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In addition, it can summarize the big data size of document for IoT using the distributed parallel processing based on Hadoop. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can summarize the big data document comparing with the single node of summarization methods.

The authors report a successful outcome after percutaneous transabdominal placement of a self-expandable metallic stent in a patient who had afferent loop syndrome caused by recurrent common bile duct adenocarcinoma. Enhanced abdominal CT showed marked dilation of the afferent loop adjacent to the anterior peritoneum, multiple hepatic metastases and lymph node metastasis around the choledochojejunal anastomosis site without marked dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts. Percutaneous drainage catheter was successfully placed to the dilated afferent loop just below the abdominal wall. Subsequent successful palliation of the afferent loop obstruction was achieved by placing a self-expandable metallic stent via the transabdominal route with the aid of cone-beam CT.

According to the recent increase of mobile commerce, the researches on electronic voucher payment based on NFC are lively made. However, most researches focus on the payment method using electronic vouchers, and so there is none for tracking circulation history of an electronic voucher. To address this problem, this paper proposes the method to store circulation information of an electronic voucher. The proposed method applies Object Memory Model (OMM) to an electronic voucher. When an electronic voucher is issued, transferred to other person, and used in payment, related information is stored at the object momory of an electronic voucher. So, our proposed object memory has three types of blocks, on which each information for issue, transfer, and payment of an electronic voucher is stored. We can retrieve and analyze the circulation history of an electronic voucher using this information. In the future, we will implement the proposed an electronic voucher and propose the method to analyze circulation information.

We simulate and calculate numerically the electromagnetic field and energy flux in single crystal silicon thin film solar cell coated with silver nano-disk square array by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nano array, the electromagnetic field is redistributed and enhanced in the solar cell. The simulation results show that the electromagnetic field distribution and corresponding energy flux component depend on the nano array and the structure of absorbed layer in solar cell. The wavelength of the incident light relative to the nano array determine the profile of the electric field around the nano array. The electromagnetic field distribution in thin film is determined by the internal structure of solar cell. For different incident wavelengths, the electromagnetic field distribution in solar cell will changes. The energy flux named as Poynting vector also changes with the incident wavelength. To investigate the absorption of the solar cell, the normalized absorbed power at different wavelengths is calculated. Based on the SPR effect, the solar cell exhibts absorption enhancement sharply at a certain wavelength.

Recently various studies on recommendation systems based on the expert knowledge are actively conducted in the fusion research of IT field. Present systems recommend same items to everyone based on the knowledge of common experts group. While this paper suggests to show expert recommendations and researcher ideas based on the big-data analysis of existing research findings and designs the system for users possible to meta- analysis by comparing research findings. Therefore this paper proposes the fabric pattern recognition search system which can show various views of experts.

The purpose of this study is to examine disease risk factors threatening healthy life and help healthy life with age in elderly women. The purpose of study was fully explained to 208 participants and informed consent was obtained. The following conclusions were drawn. A difference in the order of health and disease risk factors by age in elderly women was > 75 years old, 6574 years old, and 55-64 years. It suggests that WHR(waist hip ratio closely associated with obesity), BMI, and obesity% should be managed by food intake and exercise(physical activity) should be conducted together for healthy life.

This paper proposes a cloud based on visualization method to visualize an inherence relationship of user on social network. It can easily identify a key role relationship of users on social network. In addition, the method uses Hadoop based on cloud for distributed parallel processing of visualization algorithm, which it can expedite the big data of social network.

As increasing services with mobile devices, authentication technolo- gy by mobile devices has diversified. Nowadays to cope with security threat of e-commerce high rick transactions need multi-factor authentication technology conjoined in one or more factors. This paper proposes 2-factor authentication technology for security enhancement in electrical micro-payment system.

Virtual reality technology is widely used in various areas like data visualization, education, medical simulation, etc. However until now most systems have used only limited interfaces, the immersion users can experience also has its limits. This paper designs and implements scenario based immersive virtual reality experience simulator using NUI device to improve user immersion.

Recently, even to the small and medium business (SMB) companies, the booming adoption of Cloud Computing and Big Data paradigm has been becoming increasingly important. In this paper, in the context of private cloud infrastructure, we introduce our attempt to design the experimental cost- effective prototypes for Hadoop cluster, together with its partial realization.

In this thesis, a system which maximizes luminous environment in building by efficiently using horizontal light shelf and LED is designed and im- plemented. The system is made of a zigbee-available sensor module part, step motor driver, and main board. LED dimming control can be achieved from 20 to 100 percent according to intensity and uniformity ratio measured by the sen- sor. The implemented system is well conducted and the performance will be proved by measuring the indoor luminous intensity.

Sightseeing statistics are vital and significant evidentiary materials in making a decision for the development of destination and associated industries. In this paper we proposed system using AVR(ATmega128), Zig-bee communi- cation in order to assemble statistics of the number of tourists in a local fair which doesn't sell a ticket, which involves how the system is designed and es- tablished. This system was confirmed that it has 97.1% accuracy through an ex- periment.

Objective To investigate the length of hospital stay (LOS) after stroke using the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Methods We matched the data of patients admitted for ischemic stroke onset within 7 days in the Departments of Neurology of 12 hospitals to the data from the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. We recruited 3,839 patients who were hospitalized between January 2011 and December 2011, had a previous modified Rankin Scale of 0, and no acute hospital readmission after discharge. The patients were divided according to the initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (mild, ≤5; moderate, >5 and ≤13; severe, >13); we compared the number of hospitals that admitted patients and LOS after stroke according to severity, age, and sex. Results The mean LOS was 115.6±219.0 days (median, 19.4 days) and the mean number of hospitals was 3.3±2.1 (median, 2.0). LOS was longer in patients with severe stroke (mild, 65.1±146.7 days; moderate, 223.1±286.0 days; and severe, 313.2±336.8 days). The number of admitting hospitals was greater for severe stroke (mild, 2.9±1.7; moderate, 4.3±2.6; and severe, 4.5±2.4). LOS was longer in women and shorter in patients less than 65 years of age. Conclusion LOS after stroke differed according to the stroke severity, sex, and age. These results will be useful in determining the appropriate LOS after stroke in the Korean medical system.

This paper we proposed advanced methods of USB security software using file system recomposition and unassigned arbitary disk area. It provides data confidentiality of the USB storage device in the Windows OS using forced disk partition division by offering the real time data password in secure area. The confidentiality is also served by using user login verification and saving encoded the hash value at the unassigned arbiraty disk partition.

This paper proposes a document summarization method using the extracted semantic feature which it is extracted by distributed parallel processing of NMF based cloud technique of Hadoop. The proposed method can well represent the inherent structure of documents using the semantic feature by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In addition, it can summarize the big data document using Hadoop. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can summarize the big data document which a single computer cannot summarize those.

In hot stamping processes, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) between the forming tools and hot blank is an essential parameter which determines the quenching rate of the process and hence the resulting material microstructure. The present work focuses on the characterization of the IHTC between an aluminium alloy 7075-T6 blank and two different die materials, cast iron (G3500) and H13 die steel, at various contact pressures. It was found that the IHTC between AA7075 and cast iron had values 78.6% higher than that obtained between AA7075 and H13 die steel. Die materials and contact pressures had pronounced effects on the IHTC, suggesting that the IHTC can be used to guide the selection of stamping tool materials and the precise control of processing parameters.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) compared with contrast-enhanced MR imaging for the detection of the lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) of symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients (median age: 66 years; range: 45–78 years) with moderate-to-severe symptomatic carotid stenosis confirmed with contrast-enhanced carotid MR angiography who underwent carotid plaque MR imaging were retrospectively reviewed. An echo-planner DWI with b0, b200, b400, b800, and b1000 was performed along with carotid plaque MR imaging. Plaque visualization on DWI was analyzed by 2 reviewers on consensus. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the lumen and plaque was analyzed between variable b-values. Results Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were identified on carotid DWI in 8 patients. Confirmed carotid atherosclerotic plaques were not identified on carotid DWI in 16 patients. The DWI-identified group had plaques with significantly greater maximal wall thickness and longitudinal length, as compared with the non-identified group. DWI with b200 had a higher contrast-to-noise ratio between the lumen and LRNC (p < 0.001). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value from DWI with b200 for the LRNC was 0.51 ± 1.55 × 10-3 mm2/s. Conclusion There was less frequent identification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques with carotid DWI, as compared with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. This study suggested that carotid DWI cannot replace contrast-enhanced MR imaging for the detection of carotid plaques, including LRNC.

At present, the speed of the communications on PCI is limited by PCI bus, the number of the computer's memory slots and the memory capacity significantly increased, and the management of memory becomes advanced. So, in this paper, the Direct Memory Communication method, abbreviated as DMC, is forwarded. The NIC (the Network Interface Card) based on DMC is inserted into a memory slot, the data is written into the memory while it’s written into the NIC, and the user can accomplished the direct point-to-point communications between the computers through accessing memory. The communications speed isn’t limited by PCI bus, and the copy between memory and NIC is omitted. The author also applied DMC into the high-speed fibre channel switch network, and has been studying the DMC-NIC based on the FB-DIMM DDR2. The experiments’ result shows that this NIC has the following advantages: a higher communications speed, a smaller communications delay and a simpler operation method.