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Objective: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event; patients are routinely admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for initial management. Because complications may be delayed, unplanned ICU readmissions can occur. Therefore, in this study we evaluate the rate of and factors associated with readmission after aSAH and identify if readmission is associated with poor clinical outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients receiving surgical or endovascular treatment for aSAH and admitted to the ICU between January 2008 and December 2019. We categorized patients by readmission and analyzed their clinical parameters.Results: Of the 345 patients who transferred to ward-level care after an initial ICU stay (Group 2), 27 (7.3%) were readmitted to the ICU (Group 1). History of hypertension (HTN), initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, modified Fisher grade, and vasospasm therapy during first ICU stay were significantly different between the groups. The most common reason for readmission was delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI; 70.3%; OR 5.545; 95% CI 1.25−24.52; p=0.024). Comorbid HTN (OR 5.311; 95% CI 1.75−16.12; p=0.03) and vasospasm therapy during first ICU stay (OR 7.234; 95% CI 2.41−21.7; p＜0.01) also were associated with readmission. Readmitted patients had longer hospital stay and lower GCS scores at discharge (p＜0.01).Conclusions: DCI was the most common cause of ICU readmission in patients with aSAH. Readmission may indicate clinical deterioration, and patients who are at a high risk for DCI should be monitored to prevent readmission.

A shift from coal to liquefied natural gas for electricity generation can mitigate CO2 emissions and respond to the intermittent and variable characteristics of renewable energy. With this objective, numerical simulation was performed in this study to determine the optimal position of the methane injector and evaluate the achievable reduction in NO x emissions before applying methane cofiring to an existing 550 MW tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler (Boryeong Unit 3). The combustion and NO x reduction in the furnace were intensively analyzed based on the methane cofiring rate (up to 40%). The optimal position of the methane injector was found to be inside the oil port based on the spatial distribution of NO x and the stoichiometric ratio along the furnace height. The NO x reduction rate was logarithmically proportional to the methane cofiring rate, and compared to the base case, a 69.8% reduction was achieved at the 40% cofiring rate. In addition, the fraction of unburned char at the boiler outlet was equivalent to that of the existing boiler as the increase in the flow rates of the close-coupled and separated overfire air improved fuel and air mixing. Simultaneously, methane cofiring led to a reduction in the total fuel loss and CO emissions. Finally, this study showed that the recommended optimum cofiring rate was 20% based on the furnace exit gas temperature. Under the 20% methane cofiring condition, the boiler achieved a 57.3% reduction in NO x emissions and a 7.4% improvement in fuel loss.

Background Kissing aneurysms are situated on the same artery but have separate points of origin. Open surgical strategies for access from opposing directions may be technically problematic. Recent advances in protective devices and coiling techniques have compelled the present study, aimed at technical aspects and procedural outcomes of coil embolization in this setting. Methods Data prospectively accruing between May 2001 and May 2020 were systematically reviewed, assessing clinical and morphologic outcomes of coil embolization in 36 patients with 72 kissing aneurysms. Results Lesions most often involved paraclinoid internal carotid artery (n = 22), followed by anterior communicating artery (n = 7). Single-stage coil embolization of both aneurysms took place in nearly all patients (n = 35). Microcatheter tips for selecting paired aneurysms were usually directed opposite to one another (32 of 36, 88.9%), applying protective devices (i.e., balloons or stents) to 1 or both aneurysms in 21 patients (58.3%). Balloons were placed in 9 patients, often when treating first aneurysms and largely for second aneurysms as well (7 of 9, 77.8%). Stents deployed in 14 patients involved first and second aneurysms equally. Two patients required balloon of stent combinations. No procedure-related morbidity or mortality resulted. In follow-up of 68 aneurysms (mean: 40.2 ± 28.1 months) after coiling, 86.8% (59 of 68) showed sustained complete saccular occlusion. Conclusions Strategies for endovascular treatment of kissing aneurysms rely heavily on characteristics that the paired aneurysms display. Properly conducted single-stage coil embolization is a safe and effective method of treating such lesions.

Objective : Biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with a highly biocompatible surface via tantalum (Ta) ion implantation can be an innovative solution for the problems associated with current biodegradable stents. The purpose of this study is to develop a Ta-implanted PLLA stent for clinical use and to investigate its biological performance capabilities.Methods : A series of in vitro and in vivo tests were used to assess the biological performance of bare and Ta-implanted PLLA stents. The re-endothelialization ability and thrombogenicity were examined through in vitro endothelial cell and platelet adhesion tests. An in vivo swine model was used to evaluate the effects of Ta ion implantation on subacute restenosis and thrombosis. Angiographic and histologic evaluations were conducted at one, two and three months post-treatment.Results : The Ta-implanted PLLA stent was successfully fabricated, exhibiting a smooth surface morphology and modified layer integration. After Ta ion implantation, the surface properties were more favorable for rapid endothelialization and for less platelet attachment compared to the bare PLLA stent. In an in vivo animal test, follow-up angiography showed no evidence of in-stent stenosis in either group. In a microscopic histologic examination, luminal thrombus formation was significantly suppressed in the Ta-implanted PLLA stent group according to the 2-month follow-up assessment (21.2% vs. 63.9%, p=0.005). Cells positive for CD 68, a marker for the monocyte lineage, were less frequently identified around the Ta-implanted PLLA stent in the 1-month follow-up assessments.Conclusion : The use of a Ta-implanted PLLA stent appears to promote re-endothelialization and anti-thrombogenicity.

Objective Although technically demanding, bypass surgery is a vital part of the neurosurgical armamentarium. The aim of this article was to present representative troublesome cases related to the manipulation of donor arteries (DAs) and recipient arteries during low-flow extracranial-intracranial bypass. Methods In the past 5 years, 507 low-flow bypass surgeries were performed in patients with cerebral aneurysms, moyamoya disease, and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Frustrating perioperative situations were retrospectively reviewed, and 6 representative cases were described. Results Case 1 involved repeat microanastomosis owing to occlusion of the anastomotic segment by thrombus formation. Case 2 involved repair of the DA injured by thermal energy. Case 3 involved direct repair of the DA damaged by a sharp knife. Case 4 involved repeat microanastomosis owing to avulsion of the anastomotic segment. Case 5 involved lengthening of the short DA with a nearby interposition graft. Case 6 involved use of retrograde flow via the distal segment of the DA secondary to the injury of the proximal segment of the DA. In all patients, rescue procedures were successful, and bypass flow was patent with no relevant complications. Conclusions The intraoperative accidents reported here were frustrating; however, all patients were safely rescued without significant sequelae. It is hoped that our experiences will help young neurosurgeons handle troublesome situations.

A real-life environment during pregnancy involves multiple and simultaneous exposures to toxic chemicals. Perinatal exposures to toxic chemicals have been reported to exert an inhibitory effect on mouse neural development and behaviors. However, the effect of combined exposures of organophosphate and nicotine has not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated whether a combined exposure of diazinon and nicotine can have a synergistic effect. The effects of the combined chemical exposure on cell viability and neuronal differentiation were examined using mouse Sox1-GFP cells. Additionally, mice were maternally administered 0.18 mg/kg diazinon, a no adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose, combined with 0.4, 1, and 2 mg/kg nicotine. Mice offspring underwent behavior tests to assess locomotor, depressive, cognitive, and social behaviors. Morphological change in the brain was investigated with immunolocalization. We revealed that the combined exposure to diazinon and nicotine can have a synergistic adverse effect in vitro. In addition, the chemical-treated mouse offspring showed abnormalities in motor learning, compulsive-like behaviors, spatial learning, and social interaction patterns. Moreover, 0.18 mg/kg diazinon and 2 mg/kg nicotine co-exposure resulted in an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the findings suggest that perinatal co-exposure to nicotine and diazinon can result in abnormal neurodevelopment and behavior, even at low-level administration.

BACKGROUND The interplay of various commercially available stents during coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms and their ultimate impact are subject to debate. OBJECTIVE To compare midterm outcomes of Low-Profile Visualization Endoluminal Support (LVIS) (MicroVention Inc) and Atlas (Stryker) stent-assisted coiling procedures. METHODS A total of 459 intracranial aneurysms subjected to coil embolization using LVIS (n = 318) or Atlas stents (n = 141) between April 2015 and December 2019 were eligible for study. To assess occlusive status postembolization, magnetic resonance angiography and/or conventional angiography were used. The Raymond classification was applied to categorize recanalization. Our analysis was propensity score matched according to probability of stent type deployed. RESULTS Eventually, 41 aneurysms (8.9%) displayed recanalization (minor, 28; major, 13) 6 mo after coiling. Patient age (P = .018), sex (P = .015), aneurysmal location (P

It is still challenging to search in-device photos without the sacrifice of privacy or poor latency, while photos have been an essential medium of the communication in messaging applications. In this paper, we propose a novel in-device personal assistant for conversational photo sharing, called meChat. By understanding the user's conversations and in-device photos, meChat intelligently searches in-device photos that are semantically relevant to the conversation context. Notably, meChat works in a stand-alone, privacy-protecting manner without sending out any in-device personal content. The scenario-based user studies show that meChat efficiently searches highly relevant in-device photos with low perceived latency and energy consumption.

In this work, subair injection was proposed to improve the combustibility and NOx emission in a 500 MW tangentially fired coal boiler. The location of injection ports was determined based on the coal particle trajectory and its effect was investigated numerically. The flow rate of subair was set to 0, 5, and 10% of the total combustion air. The secondary air flow rate was decreased appropriately to ensure that the total quantity of combustion air remained constant. The over-fire air was not adjusted to retain the effect of an air-staged combustion. The simulation results showed that the subair improved the combustibility of coal particles originating from burners A and B in the lower part of the furnace. Particles from other burners were not affected significantly. In addition, this method achieved reduction of NOx by 6.3 and 13.2% when the subair accounted for 5 and 10% of the combustion air, respectively. This reduction was attributed to the decrease in the peak temperature as a result of a wider combustion region. The proposed subair technique improved the coal combustibility and reduced the NOx emissions successfully in the furnace.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) draining to medullary bridging vein (MBV) are located at foramen magnum (FM) and craniocervical junction (CCJ). Such fistulas are rare but pose a challenge to endovascular management. This study was undertaken to assess clinical manifestations, angiographic features, and outcomes of endovascular treatment in patients with MBV dural AVFs. A number of our patients (N = 22) were diagnosed with MBV dural AVF and treated by endovascular means. There were 9 FM lesions and 13 CCJ lesions. We reviewed clinical records and imaging studies to define clinical characteristics, vascular anatomic details, and treatment outcomes, comparing FM- and CCJ-level subsets. Subjects ranged from 37 to 74 years of age (mean, 57.7 years) with male predominance (2.7:1). They presented with intracranial hemorrhage (11/22, 50%), myelopathy (8/22, 36%), or nonspecific symptoms (3/22, 14%). In 17 patients (77.3%), the shunts showed complete or near-complete occlusion following endovascular treatment (FM, 100%; CCJ, 61.5%). However, seven patients experienced ischemic events (FM, 11.1%; CCJ, 46.2%) and one patient sustained a hemorrhagic complication. No hemorrhages recurred during follow-up monitoring, and myelopathic symptoms abated. MBV dural AVFs are highly aggressive lesions for which proper diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. Although transarterial embolization proved highly successful in FM lesions, shunt occlusion was less frequent in the CCJ subset, with greater risk of ischemic complications.

OBJECTIVE Complete exclusion of multiple unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in one session of intervention may be ideal. However, such situations are not always feasible in terms of treatment modalities and outcomes. The authors aimed to analyze their experience with 1-stage clipping of multiple UIAs. METHODS Medical records between March 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and 111 1-stage keyhole approaches in 110 patients with 261 multiple UIAs were ultimately included in this study. Clinical and radiological outcomes were analyzed, as well as postoperative complications up to 1 month after the surgery and their risk factors. RESULTS Keyhole approaches included unilateral supraorbital in 87 operations (78.4%), bilateral supraorbital in 12 (10.8%), and others in 12. The mean operative duration was 169.6 minutes (range 80–490 minutes). The highest numbers of aneurysms clipped at once were 2 (73.9%) and 3 (18.9%). Complete exclusion and residual neck of the clipped aneurysms were achieved in 89.3% and 7.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference between pre- and postoperative 1-month neurological states (p = 0.14). The permanent morbidity rate was 1.8% (n = 2), and there were no deaths. Postoperative transient neurological deterioration (TND) with no radiological and electrophysiological abnormalities occurred in 8 operations (7.2%). Hypertension was the only significant risk factor for postoperative TND (adjusted odds ratio 17.03, 95% confidence interval 1.99–2232.24, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS One-stage clipping of multiple UIAs via keyhole approaches showed satisfactory treatment outcomes with a low permanent morbidity. Patients with chronic hypertension had a high risk of postoperative TND.

To tune the electronic and optoelectronic properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), heteroatom doping (e.g., nitrogen (N), boron (B), and sulfur (S)) is an effective method. However, it is difficult to incorporate S into the carbon framework of GQDs because the atomic size of S is much larger than that of C atoms, compared to N and B. In this study, we report a simple and one-step method for the synthesis of sulfur-doped GQDs (S-GQDs) via the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) process. The as-prepared S-GQDs exhibited enhanced fluorescence quantum yields (0.8% → 3.89%) with a huge improved absorption band in ultraviolet (UV) region (200 ∼ 400 nm) and excellent photo stability under the UV radiation at 360 nm. In addition, XPS results revealed that the PLAL process can effectively facilitate the incorporation of S into the carbon framework compared to those produced by the chemical exfoliation method (e.g., hydrothermal method). And also, the mechanisms related with the optical properties of S-GQDs was investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. We believe that the PLAL process proposed in this study will serve as a simple and one-step route for designing S-GQDs and opens up to opportunities for their potential applications.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Large-scale text classification is used to organize and subsequently, analyze textual information into a variety of topics effectively. However, most of existing large-scale text classification models tend to draw similar classification results without accounting for the differences in individual perceptions, as may be discernable through the text semantics based on distinct human characteristics. In this paper, we propose a personalized large-scale text classification model, which factors in these individual differences when classifying data.

Deep neural network-based pretraining methods have achieved impressive results in many natural language processing tasks including text classification. However, their applicability to large-scale text classification with numerous categories (e.g., several thousands) is yet to be well-studied, where the training data is insufficient and skewed in terms of categories. In addition, existing pretraining methods usually involve excessive computation and memory overheads. In this paper, we develop a novel multi-pretraining framework for large-scale text classification. This multi-pretraining framework includes both a self-supervised pretraining and a weakly supervised pretraining. We newly introduce an out-of-context words detection task on the unlabeled data as the self-supervised pretraining. It captures the topic-consistency of words used in sentences, which is proven to be useful for text classification. In addition, we propose a weakly supervised pretraining, where labels for text classification are obtained automatically from an existing approach. Experimental results clearly show that both pretraining approaches are effective for large-scale text classification task. The proposed scheme exhibits significant improvements as much as 3.8% in terms of macro-averaging F1-score over strong pretraining methods, while being computationally efficient.

Existing keyphrase extraction approaches often suffer from issues such as the sparsity and brevity of short text (e.g., headlines, queries, and tweets). In this paper, we propose a novel keyphrase extraction method for short text by utilizing recurrent neural networks. The main idea behind our approach is to classify short text into a relevant class or category and extract keyphrases from important words in the class or category. Unlike previous supervised approaches that need the information of annotated keyphrases, our approach requires only a text classification dataset (i.e., DBpedia), which is easier to use and requires less human effort. In our approach, we first feed short text into the attention-based neural network for text classification. We then compute attention weights of each word in input short text. Subsequently, we detect keyphrase candidates by chunking phrases and summing the attention weights of compositional words in the chunked phrase. The experimental results clearly show the efficacy of our approach on real-world datasets, such as headlines, queries, and tweets. The proposed method outperforms the Microsoft Cognitive Services and IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding service for keyphrase extraction in terms of F1-score and acceptable percentage on the NYT and Question datasets. Further, we confirm that the proposed method is comparable to supervised methods for keyphrase extraction from short text in the Tweet dataset.

Background: Limited comparative data are available on the efficacy of cryoablation versus radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to compare radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation with regard to clinical outcomes and the restoration of sinus rhythm or atrial contractility. Methods: A total of 239 patients who underwent surgical ablation between August 2003 and December 2016 at our institution were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the energy device that was used (group A: n=140, radiofrequency ablator; group B: n=99, cryoablator). Echocardiographic data, overall survival, and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE)-free survival were compared between the 2 groups. Results: At 1 year of follow-up, the atrial contractility recovery rate was 32.2% (19 of 59) in group A and 48.8% (21 of 44) in group B. In addition, cryoablation was found to be a predictive factor for the recovery of atrial contractility (cryoablation vs. radiofrequency ablation: odds ratio, 2.540; 95% confidence interval, 1.063-6.071; p=0.036). The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in group B (53.1%±11.5% vs. 59.1%±6.3%, p=0.001). The median follow-up duration was 36 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80.1%±3.6% in group A and 92.1%±2.9% in group B (p=0.400). The 5-year MACCE-free survival rate was 70.3%±4.0% in group A and 70.9%±5.6% in group B (p=0.818). Conclusion: Cryoablation was associated with a higher atrial contractility restoration rate and better left ventricular function than radiofrequency ablation. However, no significant relationship was observed between the energy source and overall or MACCE-free survival.

Background: Early extubation after cardiovascular surgery has some clinical advantages, including reduced hospitalization costs. Herein, we review the results of ultra-fast-track (UFT) extubation, which refers to extubation performed on the operating table just after the operation, or within 1-2 hours after surgery, in patients with congenital cardiac disease. Methods: We performed UFT extubation in patients (n=72) with a relatively simple congenital cardiac defect or who underwent a simple operation starting in September 2016. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our recently introduced UFT extubation strategy, we retro-spectively reviewed 195 patients who underwent similar operations for similar diseases from September 2015 to September 2017, including the 1-year periods immediately before and after the introduction of the UFT extubation protocol. Propensity scores were used to assess the effects of UFT extubation on length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital LOS, and medical costs. Results: After propensity-score matching using logistic regression analysis, 47 patients were matched in each group. The mean ICU LOS (16.3±28.6 [UFT] vs. 28.0±16.8 [non-UFT] hours, p=0.018) was significantly shorter in the UFT group. The total medical costs (182.6±3.5 [UFT] vs. 187.1±55.6 [non-UFT] ×100,000 Korean won [KRW], p=0.639) and hospital stay expenses (48.3±13.6 [UFT] vs. 54.8±29.0 [non-UFT] ×100,000 KRW, p=0.164) did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: UFT extubation decreased the ICU LOS and mechanical ventilation time, but was not associated with postoperative hospital LOS or medical expenses in patients with simple congenital cardiac disease.

Life expectancy is on the rise and, concurrently, the demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which lasts a lifetime, is increasing. To meet this demand, improved TKA designs have been introduced. Recent advances in radiography and manufacturing techniques have enabled the production of patient-specific TKA. Nevertheless, concerns regarding the wear performance, which limit the lifespan of TKA, remain to be addressed. This study aims at reducing the wear in patient-specific TKA using design optimization and parametric three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) modelling. The femoral component design was implemented in a patient-specific manner, whereas the tibial insert conformity remained to be determined by design variables. The gait cycle loading condition was applied, and the optimized model was validated by the results obtained from the experimental wear tests. The wear predictions were iterated for five million gait cycles using the computational model with force-controlled input. Similar patterns for internal/external rotation and anterior/posterior translation were observed in both initial and optimal models. The wear rates for initial and optimal models were recorded as 23.2 mm3/million cycles and 16.7 mm3/million cycles, respectively. Moreover, the experimental wear rate in the optimal design was 17.8 mm3/million cycles, which validated our optimization procedure. This study suggests that tibial insert conformity is an important factor in influencing the wear performance of patient-specific TKA, and it is capable of providing improved clinical results through enhanced design selections. This finding can boost the future development of patient-specific TKA, and it can be extended to other joint-replacement designs. However, further research is required to explore the potential clinical benefits of the improved wear performance demonstrated in this study.

Despite improvements in medical treatment, many patients experience ischemic stroke owing to internal carotid artery occlusion. We retrospectively evaluated a novel method based on the arterial structure of the circle of Willis (CoW) to identify patients at a high risk of recurrent stroke.The study enrolled 104 patients with symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. CoW integrity was evaluated by a quantitative scoring system based on conventional angiography. Patients were categorized into a good integrity (n = 45) or poor integrity (n = 59) group. Primary endpoint was early neurologic deterioration, recurrent ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack.History of ischemic stroke before initial presentation was more prevalent in the poor integrity group (22.2% vs. 47.5%, P = 0.01), and there were no differences between the 2 groups in terms of stroke risk factors. Overall estimated rate of the primary endpoint was 25.6% 2 years after angiography. It was 5.7% in the good integrity group and 39.8% in the poor integrity group (P0.001). In a Cox regression analysis, male sex (P = 0.01, hazard ratio = 6.60), use of a tissue plasminogen activator (P = 0.00, hazard ratio = 6.10), and poor integrity of CoW (P = 0.00, hazard ratio = 5.42) were risk factors for the primary endpoint. Patients in the poor integrity group with decreased vascular reserve experienced frequent primary endpoint events compared with patients in the good integrity group (P = 0.00).Patients with poor integrity of CoW are vulnerable to recurrent ischemic stroke and appear to require more aggressive treatment.

Our research group fabricated low temperature based inverted semi-transparent CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photovoltaics. The work function of PEDOT:PSS (PH1000) electrode was modified using polyethylenimine (PEI) and both layers are transferred on the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM layer using hydrophobic polyurethane acrylate (PUA) polymer stamp. Even if the PH1000 spin coating on the CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM layer shows degradation of perovskite due to the inter-diffusion of PH1000 solvent, drying transfer shows effective layer stacking without degradation. The PEI treatment on the PH1000 contributes to reduce the work function from 5.1eV to 3.97 eV and this modification makes to improve the device performance from 0.07% to 4.02%. The full device average visible transmittance (AVT) exhibits 24.53% and the work function modification shows the decreased charge transporting resistance (Rc), which directly correlate to the enhanced open circuit voltage (Voc) short circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF).

Dental implants placed in the maxillary anterior region have a high risk of aesthetic complications caused by later infra-occlusion and may subsequently require special therapeutic considerations to achieve optimal aesthetic and functional results. Based on the severity, possible treatment options for infra-occluded implants include replacement of the implant restoration, alveolar distraction osteogenesis, repositioning by a segmental osteotomy, or the removal of the implant. The present case report describes the successful application of bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery combined with an anterior segmental osteotomy for the correction of a Class III open-bite malocclusion complicated by severely infra-occluded implants.

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has attracted tremendous attention as a stationary Li-ion battery anode material due to its excellent stability. However, the poor rate capability caused by the low electrical conductivity limits its practical use. Previously, Mg-doping in LTO has been used to improve the electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, but the Mg-doped LTO system generally exhibits large anomalies in the electrical properties and capacities, which limits the reliable mass-production of engineered LTO. In this study, on the basis of first-principles calculations and related experiments, we systematically study the effects of charge-compensating point defects of the Mg-doped LTO on the electrical properties. A combination of first-principles calculations with thermodynamic modeling shows that high-temperature annealing under reducing conditions could effectively alter the Mg-doping site from a Ti4+ to Li+ site and increase the electrical conductivity significantly due to reduced electron effective ma...

본 연구는 ‘사회복지시설 안전관리 매뉴얼’의 텍스트를 언어네트워크 분석(Semantic Network Analysis) 기법을 통해 방대한 텍스트에 나타난 핵심 개념(키워드)들의 구성 관계에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 매뉴얼에 나타난 하위 및 상위 SOP(Standard Operating Procedure)의 연결망 관계와 핵심 키워드의 연결망 관계의 중심성 분석을 시도하여 그 특성들과 개선점을 발견하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과 첫째, 사회복지시설 안전관리 매뉴얼은 SOP700에서 다루고 있는 자연재난 안전관리를 중심으로 하여 기술되어 있었다. 둘째, 사회복지시설 안전관리의 주요 행위자로 소방기관, 이용자, 관리자라는 키워드가 높은 중심성을 보이며 매뉴얼의 주요한 위치에 등장했다. 셋째, 예방과 대비라는 키워드가 중심성이 높아 재난 발생 전 단계와 관련한 절차에 강조점을 두고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 사회복지시설 안전관리 매뉴얼은 이용자의 취약한 특성을 포함하여 제작되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 사회복지시설의 안전관리 강화를 위한 매뉴얼의 개선점을 발견하여 논의하였다.

We determined that the conduction band offset (CBO) and the valence band offset (VBO) at the CdS/ Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) heterointerface are +0.56 and +0.89eV, respectively, by using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and inversed photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). A positive CBO value, so-called “spike” structure, means that the position of conduction band becomes higher than that of absorber layer. The evaluated CBO of +0.56 eV suggests that the conduction band alignment at CdS/CZTSe interface is enough to become an electron barrier. Despite such a large spike structure in the conduction band at the interface, a conversion efficiency of 8.7 % could be obtained for the CdS/CZTSe heterojunction solar cells.

Background Recurrent hemorrhage is a serious neurosurgical problem in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patients. Objective To find the natural history and risk factors of recurrent hemorrhage in cases of adult hemorrhagic MMD. Methods One hundred seventy-six adult MMD patients presenting with hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients' medical records and radiological images were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiological features of recurrent hemorrhage, and related risk factors were analyzed. Poor neurological outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale of 4 to 6. The hemisphere in which the initial hemorrhage occurred was considered as the affected one. The mean follow-up duration was 83 months. Results The overall estimated rate of recurrent hemorrhage was 16.9%/person (95% confidence interval, 11.3%-24.8%) at 5 years and 26.3%/person (95% confidence interval, 18.5%-36.4%) at 10 years after the initial episode of hemorrhage. The affected hemisphere showed a higher recurrent hemorrhagic rate (11.7% vs 8.3%/hemisphere at 5 years, P = .09) after conservative treatment. As a result of recurrent hemorrhages, the number of patients with poor neurological outcome increased (first episode: 13.8%, second: 37.5%, third: 40.0%, fourth: 100%). The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage ( P = .05, hazard ratio = 3.32) and bilateral MMD ( P = .05, hazard ratio = 4.15) had a marginal significance for recurrent hemorrhage. Eight ischemic strokes (4.5%) including 4 postoperative infarctions were identified, and all ischemic strokes were minor stroke. Conclusion During the follow-up period, recurrent hemorrhagic events continued to increase and deteriorated the patients' neurological conditions. The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was a significant risk factor of recurrent hemorrhage.

In this demo, we demonstrate an in-device conversational photo sharing service, termed meChat, which helps users share in-device photos easily in messaging applications by searching conversation-related photos automatically. In particular, meChat understands the semantics of on-going conversation and in-device photos by projecting both of them into a single semantic space. Subsequently, it retrieves in-device photos related to the conversation context. Through this process, meChat makes it easy for the users to share the photos while communicating in messaging applications. In addition, it is worth noting that meChat works in a stand-alone, privacy-protecting manner without sending out any in-device photos and conversations to the external servers. This is different from existing photo services (e.g., Google Photos) which resort on the cloud server.

Neural network models have achieved impressive results in the field of text classification. However, existing approaches often suffer from insufficient training data in a large-scale text classification involving a large number of categories (e.g., several thousands of categories). Several neural network models have utilized multi-task learning to overcome the limited amount of training data. However, these approaches are also limited to small-scale text classification. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network-based multi-task learning framework for large-scale text classification. To this end, we first treat the different scales of text classification (i.e., large and small numbers of categories) as multiple, related tasks. Then, we train the proposed neural network, which learns small- and large-scale text classification tasks simultaneously. In particular, we further enhance this multi-task learning architecture by using a gate mechanism, which controls the flow of features between the small- and large-scale text classification tasks. Experimental results clearly show that our proposed model improves the performance of the large-scale text classification task with the help of the small-scale text classification task. The proposed scheme exhibits significant improvements of as much as 14% and 5% in terms of micro-averaging and macro-averaging F1-score, respectively, over state-of-the-art techniques.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) can be used in different applications such as optoelectronic and biomedical applications, respectively. Hence, the selective synthesis of GQDs and GOQDs is highly desirable but challenging. Here, we present GQDs and GOQDs selectively prepared by an easy and simple pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method by controlling the laser wavelength. The obtained GQDs and GOQDs showed a significantly different optoelectronic nature mainly due to the existence of surface oxygen-rich functional groups (e.g. carboxyl or hydroxy groups). Also, we described a possible mechanism for the formation of oxygen functional groups during the PLAL process based on the Coulomb explosion model, which can give further insight for designing functional carbon materials.

Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are usually prepared using expensive carbon precursors such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene under the strong acidic condition, which requires an additional purifying process. Here, we first develop a facile pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for preparing GOQDs using earth-abundant and low-cost coal as a precursor. Only ethanol and coal are used to produce GOQDs with excellent optical properties. The prepared GOQDs exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties which can be successfully utilized in bioimaging applications.

Objective: Surgical clipping is a major treatment modality in treating cerebral aneurysms. However, in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, susceptibility artifact due to metal clips impedes postoperative assessments of clipped aneurysms, parent arteries, and adjacent parenchyma. Our goal was to develop an MR-compatible aneurysm clip. Methods: To reconcile mechanical/biologic properties with MR demands, we fabricated a prototypic clip (ZC: straight, 9-mm long), made of zirconia (body) and polyurethane (spring). Mechanical properties, closing forces, open-blade width, and artifact volumes (in vitro and in vivo) by 3T MR imaging of ZC and currently available metal clips (Yasargil [YC: curved, 8.3-mm long] and Sugita [SC: straight, 10-mm long]) were compared, using a canine venous pouch aneurysm model for in vivo study. Results: Respective closing force (N) values, measured at 1-mm and 8-mm distances from blade tip, were 2.09 and 3.77 in YC, 1.85 and 3.04 in SC, and 2.05 and 4.60 in ZC. Maximum open-blade widths (mm) were 6.8, 9.0, and 3.0 in YC, SC, and ZC, respectively. In vitro artifact volumes of YC and ZC were 26.0- and 1.9-fold greater than corresponding actual volumes. In vivo artifact volumes of YC, SC, and ZC were 21.4-, 29.4-, and 2.6-fold greater than actual volumes. Conclusion: Compared with two clips in current use, our prototypic clip showed the least susceptibility artifact, with satisfactory closing forces. However, its narrow open-blade width was a weak point. Further experimentation is needed for design refinements and durability testing before human application is feasible.

Background This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of autoclaving for the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) after cranioplasty. Methods Patients who underwent cranioplasty with autologous bone were enrolled. SSI was defined as an infection requiring bone flap removal. Risk factors of SSI, as reported by other researchers, and microbiologic features of SSI were analyzed. All bone flaps were preserved in a deep freezer (−70°C). Autoclaving of the preserved autologous bone flap before cranioplasty was performed for 5 minutes at 135°C in the 26 patients. Results Eighty patients were enrolled. The mean age was 53.3 years and the male/female ratio was 3:2. Causes of craniectomy included trauma ( n = 37) and nontrauma ( n = 43). The mean time interval between craniectomy and cranioplasty was 49.7 days. The SSI rate after cranioplasty with autologous bone was 17.5% ( n = 14). In univariate analysis, the cranioplasty operation time ( P = 0.09) and the use of autoclaved bone ( P = 0.00) were supposed to be risk factors for SSI. The use of autoclaved autologous bone was found to be the only risk factor of SSI ( P = 0.01; hazard ratio = 8.88) in binary logistic regression analysis. Non–methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes were more frequent in the autoclaved group (MRSA, 30%; non-MRSA, 70%) compared with the nonautoclaved group (MRSA, 100%) ( P = 0.07). A microscopic examination showed that autoclaving after long-term cryopreservation may result in a loss of bone viability. Conclusions Autoclaving of autologous bone causes SSI after cranioplasty and it seems to increase the risk of non-MRSA infection by normal skin flora.

Ge-incorporated Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTGSe) thin films were prepared, and their materials and device properties were examined. The CZTGSe thin films were prepared using a two-step process comprising co-evaporation of each element and a subsequent annealing step. Ge atoms were successfully incorporated into the Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films, and the band-gap (Eg) of CZTGSe was controlled via the full Ge/(Sn+Ge) ratio range of 0–1. In addition, the annealing environment containing GeSe2 led to CZTGSe thin films with flat surfaces, dense morphologies, and large grains comparable to their thickness. The highest efficiency achieved with the fabricated CZTGSe solar cells was 10.03%, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.54 V. The CZTGSe thin-film solar cells exhibited an improved VOC deficit (Eg/q−VOC, q: electron charge) of 0.647 V, which is comparable to that of high-efficiency Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 solar cells.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) process face barriers to commercialization due to their poor optical properties and the use of expensive carbon precursors. In this work, we report a one-step route for the preparation of N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) with excellent optical properties using a low-cost carbon precursor. The as-prepared NGQDs exhibited excellent optical properties and high quantum yield compared to pristine graphene quantum dots (0.8% → 9.1%) due to the presence of the N atoms. A possible recombination mechanism of NGQDs was investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase of N atoms incorporated in the GQDs resulted in an increased fraction of the short recombination lifetime from the intrinsic state. We also report a possible mechanism for the formation of the N atoms in the GQDs structure during the PLAL process, which is explained based on the plasma plume, cavitation collapse, and nitrogen precursor decomposition model.

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF) is one of the first instrument for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). The G-CLEF is a fiber fed, optical band echelle spectrograph that is capable of extremely precise radial velocity measurement. The G-CLEF Flexure Control Camera (FCC) is included as a part in the G-CLEF Front End Assembly (GCFEA), which monitors the field images focused on a fiber mirror to control the flexure and the focus errors within the GCFEA. The five optical components constituting the FCC are aligned on a common optical bench. The order of the optical train is: a collimator, neutral density filters, a focus analyzer, a reimaging camera barrel, and a detector module. The collimator receives the beam reflected by the fiber mirror and consists of a triplet lens. The neutral density filters are located just after the collimator to make it possible a broad range star brightness as a target or a guide. The tent prism focus analyzer is positioned at a pupil produced by the collimator and is used to measure a focus offset. The reimaging camera barrel includes two pairs of doublet lenses to focus the beam onto the CCD focal plane. The detector module is composed of a linear translator and a field de-rotator. In this article, we present the optical and mechanical detailed designs of the G-CLEF FCC.

The Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) was designed for high-throughput with the expectation of being a visitor instrument at progressively larger observing facilities. IGRINS achieves R∼45000 and > 20,000 resolution elements spanning the H and K bands (1.45-2.5μm) by employing a silicon immersion grating as the primary disperser and volume-phase holographic gratings as cross-dispersers. After commissioning on the 2.7 meter Harlan J. Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory, the instrument had more than 350 scheduled nights in the first two years. With a fixed format echellogram and no cryogenic mechanisms, spectra produced by IGRINS at different facilities have nearly identical formats. The first host facility for IGRINS was Lowell Observatory’s 4.3-meter Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT). For the DCT a three-element fore-optic assembly was designed to be mounted in front of the cryostat window and convert the f/6.1 telescope beam to the f/8.8 beam required by the default IGRINS input optics. The larger collecting area and more reliable pointing and tracking of the DCT improved the faint limit of IGRINS, relative to the McDonald 2.7-meter, by ∼1 magnitude. The Gemini South 8.1-meter telescope was the second facility for IGRINS to visit. The focal ratio for Gemini is f/16, which required a swap of the four-element input optics assembly inside the IGRINS cryostat. At Gemini, observers have access to many southern-sky targets and an additional gain of ∼1.5 magnitudes compared to IGRINS at the DCT. Additional adjustments to IGRINS include instrument mounts for each facility, a glycol cooled electronics rack, and software modifications. Here we present instrument modifications, report on the success and challenges of being a visitor instrument, and highlight the science output of the instrument after four years and 699 nights on sky. The successful design and adaptation of IGRINS for various facilities make it a reliable forerunner for GMTNIRS, which we now anticipate commissioning on one of the 6.5 meter Magellan telescopes prior to the completion of the Giant Magellan Telescope.

Many works have used knowledge bases that contain taxonomy of hierarchically structured categories for large-scale text classification. These works have utilized hierarchical taxonomies based on the explicit representation model. They demonstrated that the explicit representation model provides a stable performance for large-scale text classification. However, this performance is limited to the knowledge base. In this paper, we integrate the implicit representation model, which has the ability to use external knowledge indirectly, with previous large-scale text classification. To this end, we first propose Hierarchical Category embedding (HC embedding) to generate distributed representations of hierarchical categories based on the implicit representation model. Second, we develop a new semantic similarity method to integrate HC embedding with the large-scale text classification. To demonstrate efficacy, we apply the proposed methodology to Open Directory Project (ODP)-based text classification, which has a hierarchical taxonomy. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art method by 7.4 %, 7.0 %, and 18 % in terms of micro-averaging F1-score, macro-averaging F1-score, and precision at k, respectively.

Traditional Open Directory Project (ODP)-based text classification methods effectively capture topics of texts by utilizing the hierarchical structure of explicitly human-built knowledge base. However, they only consider term weighting approaches, ignoring the important semantic similarity between words. In this paper, we consider the semantics of words by incorporating the implicit text representation, such as word2vec word embeddings, into the ODP-based text classification. In contrast to common usage of word2vec, we utilize the input and output vectors. This allows us to calculate a combined typical and topical similarity between words of category and document, which is more effective at text classification. To this end, we first incorporate the dual word embeddings of word2vec into the ODP-based text classification to obtain semantically richer category and document representations. Subsequently, we use the combination of the input and output vectors to improve the semantic similarity between category and document. Our evaluation results using a real-world dataset show the efficacy of our proposed approach, exhibiting a significant improvement of 9% and 37% in terms of Fl-score and precision at k, over the state-of-the-art techniques.

Recently, implicit representation models, such as embedding or deep learning, have been successfully adopted to text classification task due to their outstanding performance. However, these approaches are limited to small- or moderate-scale text classification. Explicit representation models are often used in a large-scale text classification, like the Open Directory Project (ODP)-based text classification. However, the performance of these models is limited to the associated knowledge bases. In this paper, we incorporate word embeddings into the ODP-based large-scale classification. To this end, we first generate category vectors, which represent the semantics of ODP categories by jointly modeling word embeddings and the ODP-based text classification. We then propose a novel semantic similarity measure, which utilizes the category and word vectors obtained from the joint model. The evaluation results clearly show the efficacy of our methodology in large-scale text classification. The proposed scheme exhibits significant improvements of 10% and 28% in terms of macro-averaging F1-score and precision at k, respectively, over state-of-the-art techniques.

In-app advertising has become a significant source of revenue for mobile apps. Mobile contextual advertising is one of the recent approaches to improve the effectiveness of in-app advertising, which seeks to target an app page content that a user is viewing. Typically, mobile contextual advertising is based on the cloud-based architecture, which may cause many privacy concerns, because in-device user data inevitably sends to ad servers. In our previous work [3], we developed a novel mobile contextual advertising platform, called MoCA, which was designed to improve the relevance of in-app ads in a privacy protecting manner. However, MoCA does not explicitly model user interests.

After a reheating furnace installation, the modification of the size and the heat capacity is very difficult. Therefore, the development of design package tool is required for the computation on the correct specifications before the design and the installation. Prior to development of the design tool, a module that calculates the amount of heat loss of each part according to the specifications for determining the thermal efficiency of a continuous heating furnace was developed and applied to the oxy-fuel industrial furnace. Through this, the effects of fuel type, oxygen fraction and recirculation on the efficiency of the furnace of which the output is 110Ton/hour were analyzed. In oxy-fuel combustion condition, the efficiency was 15% higher than air combustion conditions. With the using COG(Coke Oven Gas) instead of LNG, the efficiency was slightly increased. In the air combustion condition, the efficiency was increased about 33% with the preheated air. But, in oxy-fuel condition, the amount of exhaust gas was reduced, so the efficiency was increased about 7%.

The polycrystalline Ho 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ tri-doped NaLa(MoO 4 ) 2 phosphors were successfully synthesized by the simple solid-state reaction method. Under the laser excitation of a 980 nm, Ho 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ tri-doped NaLa(MoO 4 ) 2 showed bright white upconversion (UC) emission visible to the naked eyes, which composes of blue emission at 475 nm from Tm 3+ , green and red emissions at 540 nm and 651 nm from Ho 3+ . The coordinates of Ho 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped NaLa(MoO 4 ) 2 in the commission international de׳eclairage (CIE) chromaticity diagram could be controlled from cool to warm white color depending on Ho 3+ and Tm 3+ concentrations. The luminescent properties on Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ concentrations and UC mechanism based on laser pump power were discussed in detail.

The aim of this study is to assess the quality of Telmi plus V® tablet (test formulation) by comparing its pharmacokinetic parameters with Micardis plus® tablet (reference formulation) in forty healthy Korean male volunteers. Seven subjects were withdrawn during the periods. This study was performed under fasted condition with a randomized, single-dose, 2-period crossover design. The dissolution studies of both formulations were conducted using USP apparatus 2 at 75 rpm with 1000 mL of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) at 37 ± 0.5 °C. Forty healthy Korean male volunteers were enrolled in this study with 19–34 years (24.7 ± 3.9), height 164–184 cm (174.9 ± 5.3) and weight 52–85 kg (71.2 ± 9.0). The results of telmisartan were as follows: the mean AUC0−∞ of reference tablet and test tablet was 3290 ± 2270 and 3080 ± 2010 ng h/mL, respectively; the mean Cmax was 674 ± 366 and 612 ± 252 ng/mL, respectively; the mean Tmax was 0.92 ± 0.44 and 0.99 ± 0.46 h, respectively. The results of HCTZ were as follows: the mean AUC0−∞ of reference tablet and test tablet was 525 ± 94.3 and 536 ± 96.8 ng h/mL, respectively; the mean Cmax was 90.8 ± 25.4 and 86.2 ± 21.4 ng/mL, respectively; the mean Tmax was 1.58 ± 0.60 and 1.78 ± 0.66 h, respectively. The 90 % confidence intervals for geometric mean ratios of test to reference formulation of AUC0−t and Cmax were 0.9132–1.0441 and 0.8579–1.1048 for telmisartan, and 0.9737–1.0713 and 0.8801–1.0326 for HCTZ, respectively. The results of this study in healthy Korean male volunteers showed that the test and reference formulations of 80/12.5 mg telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide met the MFDA regulatory criteria for bioequivalence. Both formulations were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported.

The IGRINS is a near infrared high resolution spectrograph jointly developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and the University of Texas at Austin. We present design and fabrication of the optomechanical mount for the five mirrors, i.e., an input fold mirror, a slit mirror, a dichroic, and two camera fold mirrors. Based on the structure analysis and the thermal analysis of finite element methods, the optomechanical mount scheme satisfies the mechanical and the thermal design requirements given by the optical tolerance analysis. The performance of the fabricated mirror mounts has been verified through three IGRINS commissioning runs.

Objective Covered stent has been recently reported as an effective alternative treatment for direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). The purpose of this study is to describe our experiences with the treatment of DCCF with covered stents and to evaluate whether a covered stent has a potential to be used as the first choice in selected cases. Methods From February 2009 through July 2013, 10 patients underwent covered stent placement for a DCCF occlusion. Clinical and angiographic data were retrospectively reviewed. Results Covered stent placement was performed for five patients primarily as the first choice and in the other five as an alternative option. Access and deployment of a covered stent was successful in all patients (100%) and total occlusion of the fistula was achieved in nine (90%). Complete occlusion immediately after the procedure was obtained in five patients (50%). Endoleak persisted in five patients and the fistulae were found to be completely occluded by one month control angiography in four. The other patient underwent additional coil embolization by a transvenous approach. Balloon inflation-related arterial dissection during the procedure was noted in two cases; healing was noted at follow-up angiography. One patient suffered an asymptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion noted seven months post-treatment. Conclusion Although endoleak is currently a common roadblock, our experience demonstrates that a covered stent has the potential to be used as the first choice in DCCF; this potential is likely to increase as experience with this device accumulates and the materials continue to improve.

Due to the increased demand for safety and security requirements on the port infrastructure, the harbor tranquility is one of the important parameter in the mooring basin of harbor. It relates keenly to berthing/unberthing and cargo handling works but also it is an important indicator to get the minimum water area as the safe refuge. Hupo harbor is a national coastal harbor located in east coast of Korea and a development plan for a new marina near the entrance is being carried out including berth layouts, breakwater extensions, 300m marina berths, dredging and land reclamation works. The new plan will impact on calmness of the existing port. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in complex the variation of wave height and direction caused by wave refraction, diffraction, shoaling and reflection from the incident waves from outside the harbor. In order to check the calmness inside a harbor, the numerical models are being used currently need fundamental reviews according to the difference of results which depend on their respective features. In this study, hence, it was introduced the validity of numerical models by comparing the computational results with the hydraulic model experiment. The current investigations contribute to the existing development recommendations and provide further solutions for port planning.

IntroductionThe effectiveness of a scoring system based on the circle of Willis for evaluations of collateral circulation was studied in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.MethodsEighty-three patients who underwent medical or endovascular treatment for symptomatic and severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were enrolled in the study. Clinical profiles, status of the circle of Willis (poor and good integrity group), and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Primary endpoints were: (1) symptomatic ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 30 days; and (2) recurrent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke beyond 30 days.ResultsThe estimated rates of the primary endpoint at 1 and 2 years after treatment were 8.5% and 11.4% in the medical group and 7.0% and 9.7% in the endovascular group, respectively. A primary endpoint event after medical treatment was only identified in patients with poor integrity of the circle of Willis (p=0.059). In patients with poor integrity of the circle of Willis, previous antiplatelet medication before initial presentation (p=0.026) and hypertension (p=0.006) were more prevalent. During the follow-up period, complete arterial occlusion was identified in 9 patients. The circle of Willis score of the patients with complete arterial occlusion was 1.33±1.52 in the fatal stroke group (n=3) and 3.20±1.64 in the asymptomatic group (n=6, p=0.099).ConclusionsIf patients have poor integrity of the circle of Willis, the risk of recurrent stroke may be increased. Such patients appear to be good candidates for endovascular treatment.

Cu 2 Sn 1− x Ge x Se 3 (CTGSe) thin film solar cells were fabricated by coevaporation with post-annealing treatment. The CTGSe solar cells showed a remarkably improved conversion efficiency of 3.0% compared to a Cu 2 SnSe 3 (CTSe) solar cells ( η =0.045%). This enhancement of the solar cell properties is attributed to improvement of the film morphology (e.g., grain size and densification), reduction of the carrier concentration, and bandgap widening with Ge incorporation into the CTSe. The optical band gap of CGTSe ( x =0.58) is 0.77 eV, which is close to the 0.8 eV optimal bandgap of bottom cells in multi-junction solar cells.

In-app advertising has become a significant source of revenue for mobile app. In order to improve the effectiveness of in-app ads, most ad networks focus on targeting a user based on the user's personal information collected from their ad library inside mobile apps and the global knowledge built from big data on ad servers. However, sharing user's sensitive information with the ad servers may raise privacy concerns. As opposed to targeting users, mobile contextual advertising seeks to target the app page a user is viewing. In this demo, we present a novel mobile contextual advertising platform, called MoCA, which is designed to improve the semantic relevance of in-app ads in a stand-alone, privacy-protecting manner on mobile devices. MoCA understands the semantics of app page and ads, and then matches semantically relevant ads to the page inside mobile devices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to implement the mobile contextual advertising platform based on the semantic approach without resort to ad servers.