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Background:Chengannur, a town in the south Indian state of Kerala, was 1 of the worst affected towns during the floods of 2018. Post-flood, Kerala state was under the threat of many infectious diseases including leptospirosis, but did not report any leptospirosis infections.Objectives:This study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) Assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the prevention of leptospirosis among the flood affected population and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) of Chengannur; and (2) Analyze the factors responsible for and contributing to leptospirosis control in the area post flood.Methodology:A cross-sectional questionnaire based observational study was conducted among 2 groups: the flood affected population, and ASHA. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts. Part A contained the socio-demographic information. Part B contained questions on assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the prevention, and control of leptospirosis. Part C was only for the ASHA involved.Results:The final sample size was 331 (244 from the general population and 87 ASHAs). With respect to knowledge, attitude, and practice, the responses were dichotomized into correct and wrong responses. The mean knowledge score was 9.01 ± 1.08 (maximum score of 10), mean attitude score was of 3.61 ± 0.55 (maximum score of 4) and the mean practice score was 4.12 ± 1.05 (maximum score of 5).Conclusion:Knowledge and attitude scores did not significantly differ between the general population and ASHA, but the practice score showed a higher score among the ASHA, all of which could have probably contributed to the prevention of a leptospirosis outbreak in the region.

Periodontitis is a condition that causes the periodontal tissues to deteriorate. Clinical or surgical therapies are widely established as a necessary step in the re-establishment of periodontal tissue health. The introduction of newer biomaterials has increased the number of treatment options accessible and improved the long-term prognosis of teeth with periodontal disease. The convergence of physical and biological components of material science is known as biomaterial science. Biomaterials include bioinert, bioactive and bioresorbable materials. The progression in the field of material science is phenomenal progressing from macro particles to nano particles. They are made up of organic or inorganic materials and are derived from vital or non-vital bone sources. The majority of these biomaterials have structural, mechanical, and biofunctional limits, and their performance is determined by patient factors such as age, defect size, and compliance. The numerous advances in biomaterials and their uses in periodontal therapy are reviewed in this chapter.

The network protocol BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) that detects issues between duplet forwarding engines. With minimum overhead, it detects flaws in physical media that doesn't allow for any kind of finding defects, including Ethernet, MPLS label switched channels, tunnels, and virtual circuits. One of the features is to verify the functionalities of static BFD. The work modes in BTS are Asynchronous mode, Demand mode, Echo mode. Currently only Asynchronous mode is supported in WBTS. BFD can be configured in two ways: Single hop and multi hop. Configured and commissioned the BTS & TRS setup in SEM tool and configured BFD in SEM (Site Element Manager) tool. BTS has come ON AIR and CS (Circuit Switch) PS (Packet Switch) calls are processing. Here we are checking the functionality of BFD whether it detects faults properly or not and removing routing connection from router side and check BFD alarm show up or not in SEM. Several calls are successfully placed after functionality check. Complete BFD process setting up and functionality check is automated. Where its check switch and router configuration as precondition and then perform BTS commissioning, checks BTS RNC BFD alarms and also placed call automatically. For switch, router configuration check and Wireshark log collection several key words are designed in Robot framework format so that script can be easily understandable by anyone. Configuring and verifying BIDIRECTIONAL FORWARDING DETECTION functionality in WCDMA Base Transceiver station (WBTS) is done manually and automated the complete process.

Gateways are an important unit of the automotive industry to automate the functions of a vehicle electrically. The gateway helps the Electronic control unit to process the data sent by the sensors by converting it into suitable format which is understandable by the ECU. This paper discussed the design and implementation of how the messages sent by the ECU's are handled by the gateway and also gives an insight of the overall working of a gateway and how to approach the designing of the gateways.

5G or fifth generation of cellular technology, is the successor of 4G LTE. It focusses on high date rate, high system capacity cheaper cost. Although it is still a maturing technology, the countries around the world have already stared implementing of on experimented basis. Massive connectivity is at the core of 5G and thus aim to get different components around us connected to each other. The paper focusses on minkowski loops fractal structures till 2nd iteration making a simpler and cheaper antenna for 5G application of cellular technology. The main feature of this antenna is that it occupied the same space as a regular pattern antenna, but offers a far bigger length for radiation. The resonant frequency taken is 30GHz. The substrate taken is RT-Duriod 6006 with dielectric constant 6.45. The antenna has been designed, simulated and analyzed using the software high frequency structure simulator.

Driver drowsiness has been observed as one of the most common causes for road accidents, producing nearly 40% of death and casualties. When a driver falls asleep, he starts losing control and is unable to take reflex action to avoid the accident or to reduce its impact. This necessitates the need for developing a mechanism that provides timely alerts to the driver when he is drowsy. In this paper, an efficient and non-intrusive algorithm that uses a deep convolutional neural network to analyze yawn behavior is proposed. The proposed technique is built by modifying the VGG16 architecture to include batch normalization, ReLu activation for the intermediate layers and sigmoid activation after the final dense layer. The performance of the proposed approach is verified on the YawDD dataset and is compared against VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and AlexNet. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the other networks in terms of accuracy.

The goal of this work is to develop an encryption and then compression scheme for the efficient transmission of color images over an untrusted channel. An image encryption scheme based on bidirectional diffusion is used to encrypt the 8-bit RGB color image. Then, lossless, autocoder-based compression of the encrypted image is performed to achieve compression. The compression method is used to reduce the size of the images during transmission, thus speeding up the transmission. The performance of the compression algorithm is evaluated in terms of the compression ratio.

The goal of this work is to develop an encryption scheme for secure transmission for colour images over untrusted channel. A bidirectional diffusion based encryption technique for 8-bit RGB colour image is performed. The encryption process is used to protect the image in transit. Also the encryption steps will be conducted using a fixed block size of $8 \times 8$ which will enhance the robustness against cipher text only attacks. The performance analysis of encryption scheme is conducted using various tests and observed that the proposed algorithm is robust against various cryptanalytic attacks.

Background: There was an outbreak of acute hepatitis in Nellikuzhy panchayat of Kothamangalam taluk, Ernakulam district, Kerala, during November and early December 2016. Objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological features of the outbreak and to identify the probable source. Materials and Methods: The outbreak was defined in terms of time, place, and person. A hypothesis was generated and tested using a case–control study. Cases were selected by simple random sampling from the line list and controls were age-matched neighborhood individuals without any history of jaundice. Chi-square test, univariate analysis, and multi-variate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the probable risk factors. Results: Around 223 hepatitis A cases were identified. Attack rate was found to be highest among the age group of 16-30 years at 1.44% and was eight times higher among males. Epidemic curve suggested a point source outbreak possibly from exposure to food or water from a newly opened hotel in the area. The case–control study confirmed the hypothesis with a statistically significant association between cases and history of exposure to food from the hotel [OR 120; 95% CI 14.6–996.2; P value < 0.001]. Conclusion: Observations and results of the case–control study revealed that the probable source of the Hepatitis A outbreak at Nellikuzhy panchayat was a hotel. The study findings also add evidences to the changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A in Kerala, and warrant the necessity to enforce food safety rules in the State.

Detecting the user intentions encoded in text queries is a pivotal task in many natural language processing application like search engines, personal assistants, smart agents, and robots. Previous works have explored the use of various machine learning algorithms for the task of intent detection from user queries. In this work, we are proposing a deep learning based framework using Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) Networks for intent identification. The proposed model takes word embeddings as input and learns useful features for identifying the possible intentions of a user query. Instead of directly using word embeddings generated using GloVe Model for training the model, a semantically enriched set of embeddings are used to ensure semantic correctness of word embeddings. The evaluation results on ATIS dataset shows that semantic enrichment and proposed deep learning model improves the results of intent detection.

The candid objective of this study is to simulate stagnation point flow of the MHD chemically reactive Maxwell based nanofluid under the action of Arrhenius activation energy function with radiative thermal energy and frictional heating. Application of scaling analysis followed by the RKF-45 method to the governing flow equations yield the computational solution. Maxwell parameter results in abatement of flow. Higher the Eckert number greater is the temperature with a overshoot in the vicinity of the stretched surface Nanoparticle concentration enhances proportionally with activation energy and temperature difference parameter.

Photon counting is one of the advanced methods of measurement, and this type of measurement is required when the measuring signal is very small and accuracy requirement is large. Photon counting methods are most commonly used in medical UV imaging, missile seeker system, ozone emission study, and dosimeter applications. Photon counting methods can be carried over a complete spectrum of light, but mostly done on a selective band of light like UV, IR, X-rays, or visible light, to analyze the intensity variation of light. UV photon counting is analyzed using silicon carbide (SiC) detector which was developed at LEOS and was designed to operate at a wavelength of 200–300 nm (solar blind). Design and implementation of a UV photon counting electronics is developed for the solar-blind on-board UV intensity measurement. This work deals with the design of essential readout electronics required to support the measurement of signals detected by SiC detectors developed by scientists at LEOS. LEOS detector and SGLUX detector (imported) are compared and performance analysis is carried out. The responsivity of both detectors is measured with the change in wavelength and also the quantum efficiency of the detector is measured over a solar-blind UV-C band. The number of photons present in the detected signal has been calculated and also the obtained results are matched with the solar photon count per second in space.

Kerala recorded the initial cases of COVID/SARS-CoV-2 in India and managed to successfully contain it initially through its public health system. As the number of cases increased, the private sector also needed to be prepared. Here, we describe the preparedness and response of a tertiary care system in the nonpublic sector. The Health system response and preparedness consisted of establishment of leadership and infrastructural modification; screening-fever clinic, inpatient admission pathway, dynamic screening strategy training; developing protocols for emergencies and review visits of patients requiring dialysis and chemotherapy. Other priorities included maintaining supply chain of PPE, other essentials such as antivirals and establishing tele consultation. A strong leadership spearheaded infrastructural developments, meetings and troubleshooting every day to adapt to the changing epidemiological and clinical scenario. The Fever clinic was the designated area for consultation of patients with positive symptoms complex and epidemiological risk factors. In early March the screening strategy focused on the presence of a combination of epidemiological and clinical risk factors. As the number of contact cases rose, the focus shifted to identifying any of the defined epidemiological risk factors among persons reaching the hospital. The challenges included redesigning a patient movement pathway, deployment of human resources from their regular work to the screening activities, training of the repurposed human resource, procurement of good quality PPE, coordinating among the specialties, ensuring psychological support etc. The implementation of a timely COVID screening strategy aided our tertiary care centre to provide health care to all patients during the pandemic seamlessly.

This study addresses the thermal energy transport in a slippery sheet-driven flow of a micropolar fluid analysing the effect of radiative heat flux. The solution of PDEs of the governing the flow is derived numerically by the application of self-similarity transformations and Runge-Kutta Fehlberg algorithm along with shooting method. The computational results are discussed graphically for several selected flow parameters. Results of this analysis are compared with the published results and are seen to tally very closely.

This paper presents design and simulation of pentagonal antenna for UWB application with center frequency of 7GHz. The proposed antenna is derived from a circular patch designed to resonate at 7GHz and the feed line dimensions are designed using TXLINE 2003 and ANSYS HFSS v17 software. The antenna resonates at 7.5GHz with a bandwidth of 440MHz and return loss −19.5dB. It exhibit omnidirectional radiation with a gain of 4.3dB

A Sarcasm detection system is important for applications like sentiment analyzer, review processing system and natural language processing systems. The proposed system is a sarcasm detection model which harness various features that characterize sarcasm in text like lexical, pragmatic, context incongruity, topic, and sentiment. Even though we use the context incongruity as the major feature for classification, our system can detect sarcastic tweets with and without context incongruity. Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Tree are used for modeling the proposed system and both obtained promising results.

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a vital component of a receiver RF frontend. The proposed LNA is designed over the frequency range from 0.5 to 3GHz. The architecture of LNA is incorporated with LC-wide band matching network at both input and output, a cascode structure is used to reduce the noise figure and increase the gain. An inductor peaking network is used at both drain of cascode and cascaded stages of amplifier for widening bandwidth. Second cascade stage is added for obtaining the flat gain. FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 having substrate thickness of 1.6um is used. Result shows average noise figure (NF) of 2dB, average gain of 22dB, average input and output return loss is below 6dB over the entire defined bandwidth respectively, output 1-dB compression point is at 15dBm and output third Order Intercept (OIP3) at 25dBm. Power consumed by the circuit is 300mW with power supply of 4V. The diagonal dimension of the PCB is 4cm.

Pre-processing is one of the significant protocol to be executed for achieving precise recognition of contents from aged document images. The aged document images are heavily besieged with the noisy artifacts accumulated due to its sustainability for longer times. In this paper, a technique is proposed for detection of variable regions from aged documents by employing the object detection technique and further histogram of gradients features are fed to the nearest neighbor classifier. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed with standard datasets of Tobacco800 Complex Document Image Database of University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies.

The design of a Swasthika shaped metasurface based low profile frequency reconfigurable antenna is proposed for the wireless system and satellite applications employed in unmanned air vehicles (UAV). In this work, an attempt is made to reconfigure the frequency of a microstrip patch antenna in a smart technique way. The design consists of a microstrip patch antenna based Swasthika shaped metasurface. The metasurface is placed over a microstrip patch antenna and rotated along z-axis to tune its resonant frequency. The analyzed metasurface acts as epsilon negative (ENG) metasurface property at designed frequency of 10 GHz. The inclusion of metasurface over the microstrip patch antenna results in enhancement in the gain from 5.542 dB to 7.5 dB. Moreover, the resonance frequency of proposed antenna is tuned from 4.48 GHz to 4.603 GHz by rotating the metasurface (from 0° to 80°). The antenna parameters like return loss, gain, VSWR, and radiation pattern are studied and analyzed using full-wave method.

Due to industrialization and urbanization the rapid rise in the volumeand amount of hazardous waste and the disposal of it is becoming a burgeoning problem that the world is facing today. One of the best ways out for this problem is to collect, sort and reuse or recycle these waste. So this paper proposes an architecture which sorts waste materials into plastic and non-plastic using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). CNN is one among the efficient machine learning techniques, which is able to provide maximum learning efficiency. This technique requires less parameter for training compared to the standard neural network. A dataset of waste materials required for our setup is collected. They are trained and tested using CNN. The proposed architecture with CNN gives an accuracy of 0.978. The proposed design also consists of a prototype, which acts as a real-time classifier. This system reduces the human efforts in separating plastics from non-plastics.

Miscarriages are sporadic and are thought to result from genetic causes that are greatly influenced by parental chromosomal abnormalities. The researchers studied two hundred and ten couples to look for the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with history of recurrent miscarriages. Karyotyping analysis was done by peripheral blood culture and GTG banding. Chromosomal aberrations were found in 8.57% patients: Numerical abnormalities - 0.95%, Structural abnormalities – 2.87% and polymorphic variants -4.76%. However, seven new balanced translocations detected in these patients have not been reported elsewhere in the literature. Couples whose carrier status was ascertained after two or more miscarriages have a low risk of viable offspring with unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, genetic counseling including karyotype is a prerequisite to identify risk factors in couples with recurrent miscarriages.

Adrenal schwannomas are very rare tumours that are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. A 42-year-old male presented with epigastric pain and indigestion. He had history of repeated operations for recurrent facial swelling on both sides of face diagnosed as Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia (ALHE). Physical examination revealed right facial swelling. Laboratory tests showed no evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. CECT abdomen showed a well-defined heterogenously enhancing right adrenal mass (5x4cm). Patient underwent right adrenalectomy. Histopathology revealed adrenal schwannoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) showing diffuse expression of S-100. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of facial lesion confirmed ALHE recurrence. Less than 35 cases have been reported. Diagnosis of adrenal schwannoma on imaging studies is very difficult and surgical resection when performed for non-functioning adrenal masses >4cm clinches the diagnosis. Adrenal schwannoma is highly uncommon and was incidentally associated with recurrent ALHE.

Recent trends in wireless communications systems have imposed the need of dynamic frequency reconfigurability in antenna design. This paper presents a novel technique of achieving triple band reconfigurability using PIN diode in the 5–8.5 GHz frequency range on a simple square slot antenna. The return loss greater than −10 dB and VSWR < 2 is observed in desired frequency bands. HFSS Ansoft is used for simulation of this design.

A woman presented with polyhydramnios at 22 weeks of gestation with a structurally normal fetus and placenta. Biochemical analysis of amniotic fluid detected a very high level of chloride (582 mmol/L), which led to the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome. With serial amniocentesis and indomethacin therapy, the pregnancy continued to 36 weeks. Neonatal and subsequent investigations further supported the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome. The infant was well at birth and now, at 5 months of age, is gaining weight normally on indomethacin.

5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution) standards. 5G technology needs to be specified, developed, and deployed by a variety of industry players including network equipment vendors, network operators, semiconductor vendors, and device manufacturers. The scope of 5G will range from mobile phones to next-generation automobiles. Device to Device (D2D) Communication is regarded as a promising technology in 5G to provide low power, high data rate and low latency. Introducing D2D poses many challenges and risks to the longstanding cellular architecture, which is centred on the base station.

Thin film silicon solar cells have the potential to considerably decrease the cost of photovoltaic. To increase the conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells, nano-sized structures, such as nanoparticle deposition at the front end, were proposed. In the present study, spherical metal nanoparticles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) were deployed at the front of the silicon solar cell. The effect of metal nanoparticles on the absorption enhancement factor of the thin film solar cells was investigated using Lumerical Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) solutions. Also the influence of geometrical parameters of spherical nanoparticles on absorption enhancement factor was examined. The maximum absorption enhancement factor was achieved by optimizing the geometrical parameters of nanoparticles. The structure with Ag nanoparticles at the front end of the silicon solar cell exhibits higher absorption enhancement factor than the structure with Au nanoparticles.

Antenatal Bartter syndrome (ABS) is a rare autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder. The defective chloride transport in the loop of Henle leads to fetal polyuria resulting in severe hydramnios and premature delivery. Early onset, unexplained maternal polyhydramnios often challenges the treating obstetrician. Increasing polyhydramnios without apparent fetal or placental abnormalities should lead to the suspicion of this entity. Biochemical analysis of amniotic fluid is suggested as elevated chloride level is usually diagnostic. Awareness, early recognition, maternal treatment with indomethacin, and amniocentesis allow the pregnancy to continue. Affected neonates are usually born premature, have postnatal polyuria, vomiting, failure to thrive, hypercalciuria, and subsequently nephrocalcinosis. Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, secondary hyperaldosteronism and hyperreninaemia are other characteristic features. Volume depletion due to excessive salt and water loss on long term stimulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system resulting in juxtaglomerular hyperplasia. Clinical features and electrolyte abnormalities may also depend on the subtype of the syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis and timely indomethacin administration prevent electrolyte imbalance, restitute normal growth, and improve activity. In this paper, authors present classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, complications, and prognosis of ABS.