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The Transmission part of the power sector is very much important as it deals with the huge losses of the complete power sector. Transmission substations play a key role in the power transmission process since the power generation at the power plants to the final stage at the consumer end utilization. The utmost care should be taken to protect these transmission substations as same as the care is taken to reduce the losses. The substation needs to be protected from blackouts which is the big problem of substations. For this, the substation high voltage equipment’s like GIS & Power Transformers are to be properly installed & energized according to the standards & care is taken for its maintenance. So, during the commissioning process which is after installation & before energization, there are different tests which are performed on high voltage equipment’s, especially the Gas Insulated Switchgear, in which the High Voltage & Partial discharge has huge impact as the ageing and the life time of GIS can be easily assessed & the GIS can be saved from the damage, tripping and the blackout of a substation. The procedure of the high voltage test and the partial discharge tests are clearly explained in this paper.

Decentralized distributed generation technologies based on renewable energy resources like Photo Voltaic (PV) or/and Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) address the above barriers to large extent and are...

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College farm, Bapatla, during kharif and rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The experiment was conducted with variety BPT-5204 in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. The maximum plant height and drymatter production and seed yield were recorded with soil test based fertilizer recommendation with 10 t ha-1 FYM application which was at par with soil test based fertilizer recommendation alone and 7.5tha-1 targeted yield recommendation along with FYM (T5 and T10) and RDF with FYM (T6). seed yield of blackgram was significantly higher with soil test based fertilizer recommendation with 10 t ha-1 FYM application which was statistically at par with soil test based fertilizer recommendation alone (T2) and 7.5 t ha-1 targeted yield fertilizer recommendation with FYM (T10) compared to the rest of the treatments.

The customer relationship management is playing vital role in engaging the customer in a competitive world especially in service sector. The present study has made an attempt to examine the CRM practices impact on the customer loyalty. The study has considered the BSNL as the sampling telecom company. The study adopted the convenient sampling method to collect the primary data. The study framed the two objectives and applied the various statistical tools. The study has considered the bivariate correlation to know the CRM practices relationship with the customer loyalty and the result indicated significant relation exists. The structure equation model has been applied and the result reveals that the impact of CRM practices on the customer loyalty has been observed. The study indicated that the service quality and brand image are having the significant effect on the loyalty of the customer in telecom sector (BSNL). This paper is useful to the telecom companies, TRAI and academic researchers.

A unique in-situ synthesis approach of formation-deformation-reformation routes lead to high crystalline core-shell Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles. They were tuned by the solvothermal process to achieve superior antireflection property (>95%) in the broadband region (400–1500 nm) after fabricating films by a dip coating method. These nanoparticles capped by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), to increase the porosity in single layer antireflective (AR) film to reduce the refractive index. This efficient antireflection layer with glass implemented on the c-Si solar cell to measure the efficiency and found out to be an improved performance (>5.7% net enhancement) compared to uncoated glass. In addition, the AR coatings exhibited a good mechanical strength which gives us the direction of future development for practical applications like highly transparent window coatings, optical and solar energy conversion applications.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent and growing chronic disease affecting an estimated415 million people globally in 2015, and is predicted to affect 642 million people by 2040. India has morethan 69 million people with T2DM, and these numbers are expected to rise to 140 million by 2040. Dietconstitutes a crucial aspect of the overall management of diabetes, which may involve diet alone, diet withoral hypoglycemic drugs, or diet with insulin. Objectives: 1. To identify the various dietary habits in relationto type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in urban population of Eluru. 2. To study the drug pattern in diabeticindividuals of the study population. Materials and method: This was a community based cross-sectionalstudy conducted in the urban area of Eluru for a period of one year among 454 adults 30 years and aboveage group. The data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire by interview method.Results were analyzed and necessary statistical tests were applied. Results: Out of 454 study population96 were diabetic individuals showing the prevalence of diabetes as 21.1%. Prevalence of diabetes washigh (28.1%) among study subjects who were consuming rice as their staple diet (p

ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodulators is a century-old therapeutic option used for the management of viral diseases. We investigated its effectiveness for the treatment of COVID-19.DesignOpen-label, parallel-arm, phase II, multicentre, randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-nine public and private hospitals across India.ParticipantsHospitalized, moderately ill confirmed COVID-19 patients (PaO2/FiO2: 200-300 or respiratory rate > 24/min and SpO2 ≤ 93% on room air).InterventionParticipants were randomized to either control (best standard of care (BSC)) or intervention (CP + BSC) arm. Two doses of 200 mL CP was transfused 24 hours apart in the intervention arm.Main Outcome MeasureComposite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2< 100) or all-cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment.ResultsBetween 22ndApril to 14thJuly 2020, 464 participants were enrolled; 235 and 229 in intervention and control arm, respectively. Composite primary outcome was achieved in 44 (18.7%) participants in the intervention arm and 41 (17.9%) in the control arm [aOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.77]. Mortality was documented in 34 (13.6%) and 31 (14.6%) participants in intervention and control arm, respectively [aOR) 1.06 95% CI: −0.61 to 1.83].InterpretationCP was not associated with reduction in mortality or progression to severe COVID-19. This trial has high generalizability and approximates real-life setting of CP therapy in settings with limited laboratory capacity. A priori measurement of neutralizing antibody titres in donors and participants may further clarify the role of CP in management of COVID-19.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI); CTRI/2020/04/024775.

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based battery energy management system in hybrid renewable system. The novel topology consists of solar and wind energy system-based input sources and a battery bank to store the energy when in excess. The PV-Wind source is equipped with unidirectional boost converter whereas, the battery storage system is connected to the system with a bi-directional DC/DC converter. The main novelty of this research is the fuzzy logic-based battery management system which charges and discharges into the DC bus system based on the supply-load demand. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in the PV and wind energy conversion system (WECS) to track the maximum available power for the different irradiance and wind velocity respectively. The obtained results are compared to conventional P&O MPPT control algorithm to find the effectiveness of the system. A 500 W PV system and a 500 W Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based WECS is implemented for its simplicity and high efficiency. The proposed control topology is designed and tested using MATLAB/Simulink

Introduction: Anemia is the common health problem in the developing and developed world and vulnerablegroups are pregnant mother, adolescent girls and children. Iron deficiency anaemia exhibits the icebergphenomenon of the disease.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia, socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits andsome risk factors associations with anemia.Materials and Method: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Maternity andChildren Hospital. A total of 233 pregnant women aged between 18-42 years’ age group people were selectedand a structured self-administered questionnaire submitted to all eligible pregnant women and hemoglobinestimation report was taken from the lab record. Data cleaned and entered in Statistical Package for SocialSciences (SPSS) 21.0 Version. Necessary statistical tests like simple proportions and chi square tests wereapplied.Results: Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 29.3% in Buraidah city. Prevalence of anemiaincreases with increasing parity and prevalence of anemia among parity >3 was 35.7%. high prevalence ofspacing of > 3 years was observed in 37-42 years’ age group. In the study population, 12.5% were givinganemia history, 10.2% were thyroid problems. About 44.7% were taking iron supplements regularly.Conclusions: Based on the study results, the prevalence of anemia was not very high comparatively toother studies conducted in the kingdom. There was no severe anaemia people in our study. Among pregnantwomen, there is a need to strengthen about the anemia awareness, periodical screening from the adolescentage group, regular intake of iron supplements during pregnancy

A high performance antireflective (AR) should be a thin film with low refractive index, highly transparent, economical, and highly durable. In this paper, we present a novel synthesis of hollow Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) nanoparticles, which is used to produce a high performance broadband antireflective coating. A formation–deformation-reformation route has been adopted to synthesize nanoparticles with hexagonal structure and cavities, which are crystalline and dispersible in any polar solvent. This facile synthesis route is a major breakthrough to achieve high performance broadband antireflective coating with an average transmittance of 98.3% in the visible range (400–800 nm) and 96.2% in active solar range (300–1500 nm). No significant drop in the efficiency was observed with antireflective-coated cover glass on the c-Si solar cell, whereas 6–7% efficiency loss was observed with uncoated glass. This can be a promising approach to develop high performance antireflective dielectric layer, which will enhance the overall performance of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.

We report hydrophobic modification of a high-performance broadband antireflective (AR) film comprising mesoporous MgF2 nanoparticles. The MgF2 film demonstrates high transmission, >99% (400–800 nm) and >97% (300–1500 nm) and is hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 27°. Hydrophobic modification with a fluorosilane containing silica sol by a simple dip coating process increases the water contact angle to 130° without affecting transmittance. Hence, this hybrid layer exhibits excellent anti-reflection in a broad wavelength range (98.8% (400–800 nm) and 97.03% (300–1500 nm)), along with good water-repellence. Moreover, the layer is also environmentally and mechanically stable indicating its suitability for solar and optical applications.

Solution processable flexible devices meet the rising demand of sensors in wearable electronics owing to their cost-effective fabrication process with large area and throughput. This report demonstrates the multifunctional sensor based on p-NiO/n-CdS rectifying junction on ITO coated PET flexible substrate using low-temperature all solution processed deposition technique for UV–vis photodetection and breath monitoring applications. Under UV and visible light, the fabricated device exhibited strong current rectifying activity of approximately four orders. The responsivity (R) of the device underneath UV and visible illuminations found to be ~40.43 mAW−1 and ~25.96 mAW−1, respectively. Further, the device showed a response time of ~3.2 sec and detectivity of 1.4 × 1010 Jones under UV illumination. The internal electric field created at the p-NiO and n-CdS interface due to the formation of excellent rectifying junction assists in the efficient separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, thus improving the responsivity. Furthermore, the fabricated device was used as a breath sensor, and it was evaluated for different breath patterns of an individual. Interestingly, the device was able to distinguish between the different breath patterns (slow, fast, deep, etc.) The fabricated device displayed a negligible change in performance even after harsh deformations, indicating the flexibility and robustness of the device.

Eighteen animals with various surgical conditions were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. Group II animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and dexmedetomidine at 5 µg/kg b.wt in the sacrococcygeal space. Group III animals received ropivacaine (0.75%) @ 0.25 mg/kg b.wt and clonidine @ 2 µg/kg b.wt at sacrococcygeal space. The fastest onset of analgesia was produced by ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination followed by ropivacaine-clonidine. RT showed non significant decrease in all groups during post epidural analgesia. A non significant increase in RR was observed in cattle following ropivacaine and ropivacaine-clonidine epidural analgesia. Where as a non significant fall in RR was noticed during ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine combination. A non significant increase in HR was recorded after epidural administration of ropivacaine in group I animals. Whereas group II and III animals showed a non significant decrease in HR throughout the period of study. ECG studies did not reveal any abnormalities except sinus arrhymia in all animals. In group I and III non significant increase in Hb and PCV was observed in the present study. Non significant decrease in Hb and PCV values were recorded in animals subjected to ropivacaine-dexmedetomidine analgesia. A non significant increase in AST, ALT was noticed in all groups of animals. The study suggests that dexmedetomidine is a better adjuvant than clonidine in epidural analgesia as far as cardio-respiratory and Haemato-biochemical parameters are concerned.

In this paper, the dc electrical properties of Vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) thin films were explored in a hole-only device configuration: ITO/MoO3/VOPc/MoO3/Al. The fabricated diode device was investigated using current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics by varying the substrate temperature from 303 K to 373 K with an interval of 5 K. The barrier height at the ITO/VOPc interface was observed to be reduced from 500 meV to 428 meV as temperature increases. The electrical conduction mechanism was found to be space charge limited currents with exponential trap distribution. Further, the hole-mobility was realized to increase from 1.7 × 10−7 cm2V−1s−1 to 1.2 × 10−5 cm2V−1s−1 (2 orders) with a rise in temperature from 303 K to 373 K. The effective trap density in our device was estimated as Nt ~5.5 × 1022 m−3. However, the improved hole-mobility with temperature is attributed to the enhanced injection of charge carriers (thermally generated) along with the reduction of barrier height.

Herein, we report the low-temperature fabrication process and the electrical response of n-type cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an Al2O3-GPTMS-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hybrid dielectric gate. The TFTs with bottom-gate structure were assembled on ITO (indium-tin-oxide)-coated glass substrates employing solution processes for the deposition of both the dielectric gate and semiconductor layers. The hybrid dielectric layers were deposited by the sol-gel process and subsequently annealed at 150 °C. The FTIR and XPS analysis of the hybrid films demonstrated a proper link between Al2O3 and PMMA through the cross-linking agent 3-glycidoxy(propyltrimethoxysilane) silane (GPTMS). The surface characteristics were obtained by contact angle and atomic force microscope studies, the results show that the surface of hybrid films displays a hydrophobic behavior with a smooth surface. The CdS active layer was deposited on the hybrid dielectric gate at room temperature by a simple photochemical bath deposition using a 313 nm UV lamp. The CdS-TFTs showed outstanding electrical performance with a low threshold voltage of 1.3 V, I ON /I OFF of 104, subthreshold swing of 440 mV dec−1, and remarkable high mobility value of 64.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Ultimately, the feature of these completely solution-based CdS TFTs is the maximum processing temperature of 150 °C, and the findings of this study are very promising for potential low-cost solution-processed TFTs.

Here in, we investigated the solution-processed and hysteresis-free indium oxide (In2O3) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated with hafnium oxide-poly(vinyl)phenol (HfO2-PVP) hybrid thin film as gate dielectric by a low temperature sol-gel method. The hybrid dielectric thin film exhibits unique dielectric properties of a low leakage current density of 1.2 × 10−8 A/cm2, gate areal capacitance of 44.4 nF/cm2 and a dielectric constant (k) of 6.5 at 1 kHz. In addition, the hybrid films show a high-quality homogeneous and pin-hole free surface with a low surface roughness (Rq) of 0.75-nm and display a low surface energy of 36.7 mJ/m2 with hydrophobic behavior. This dielectric material is then used used in In2O3 TFTs as the gate insulator. Here, the In2O3 semiconductor as the channel layer is examined at 200 °C and 230 °C temperatures for TFT characteristics. The final TFT device fabricated at 230 °C showed much improved electrical performance with the mobility (μsat) of 2.6 cm2/V.s, Ion/Ioff ratio of 105, subthreshold swing (SS) of 330 mV/dec, threshold voltage (VT) of 0.1 V at a low operating voltages because of a better interface between dielectric and semiconductor with fewer charge carriers traps. This study could be an effective approach for the next generation of all-solution fabrication of TFTs that could play a vital role in optoelectronics applications.

Astrocytoma is the most frequent malignancies of the brain. Despite present clinical advancements, median survival time in malignant forms remains poor. Downstream of kinase protein 2 (Dok2) is adaptor protein known to modulate the effect of tyrosine kinase. Previously, Dok2 is shown to be marker of poor prognosis in colorectal and gastric cancer, and reduced levels of Dok2 were reported in lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prognostic significance of pDok2 expression in surgically resected astrocytoma tissue samples. In the present study, 47 numbers of tissue samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery for astrocytoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy tissues were used as control. Real-time PCR was used to study transcript expression while protein expression was studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The pDok2 expression was categorized as pDok2 positive and pDok2 negative on the basis of intensity of protein expression. This observation was confirmed by two independent pathologists. Control and few GII tissues were used as reference on account for low expression of pDok2 protein. Basic information of patients as anatomic origin of tumor and follow-up details were retrieved from hospital registry. Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze the association of pDok2 expression and survival outcome in clinical cases. Real-time PCR signifies pDok2 is overexpressed in high-grade (GIII + GIV) tissue samples compared with low-grade (GII) and control brain tissue samples (p

New single layer, double layer and triple layer absorber tandems were designed and developed for high performance Organic Ranking Cycle (ORC) based solar thermal applications. A Cr-Mn-Fe composite oxide based absorber layer is devolved by controlled chemical oxidation and designed to have a nanoporous structure. It is covered with double antireflective layers a ZrO 2 -SiO 2 nanocomposite layer developed by the sol-gel route and a porous SiO 2 layer obtained from SiO 2 nanoparticle suspension. Double and triple layer tandem absorbers were developed by a combination of chemical, sol-gel and nanoparticle suspension methods. By varying process parameters like duration, temperature and withdrawal speed, different combinations of Cr-Mn-Fe oxides/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 double layer tandem and Cr-Mn-Fe oxides/ZrO 2 -SiO 2 /SiO 2 triple layer tandem composite absorber layers with varying refractive indices were developed on an economical variety of SS substrate. The optimized thickness of the absorber layer along with the antireflective layers shown a high absorptance (α = 94.9) and low warm emittance (e = 0.122 at 300 °C). More specifically, this novel double layer tandem coating has excellent optical properties along with high corrosion resistance (withstands > 200 h in salt spray test). It has good thermal stability in an open air atmosphere and is well suited for low and medium temperature solar thermal applications.

Anti-glare coatings (AGCs) have progressed into highly effective reflectance and glare minimizing components for several optical and opto-electrical equipment’s. The extent in research and development with the contribution of nanotechnology in opto-electronics has improved the AGCs. The present study is related to the composition of a nanostructured antiglare coating. In general, antiglare films have been widely used to deal with glare but this is not proper for an outdoor usage in glasses. Hence, improvement in performance of night-driving glasses is necessary to reduce the negative effects of headlights glare. In this paper nanostructured antiglare coating layers on glass substrate is done using Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2). The obtained coatings are highly transparent and reflective in nature. Sol–gel method is adopted for the preparation of gel, dip-coating and spin coating technique was employed to develop coatings on glass substrates. The obtained coatings were further characterized by XRD to analyze the phase crystallinity; SEM was used to determine the surface morphology of the coatings, EDX to estimate the elemental composition of the coatings and UV-vis Spectroscope was used to determine the optical properties.

We assessed the effects of ultra dry-air plasma surface treatments on the properties of Al2O3-GPTMS-PMMA hybrid dielectric layers for applications to high-performance amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). The hybrid layers were deposited by an easy dip coating sol-gel process at low temperature and then treated with dry-air plasma at 1, 2 and 3 consecutive cycles. Their properties were analyzed as a function of the number of plasma cycles and contrasted with those of the untreated ones. The dielectric characteristics of the hybrid layers were determined from I–V and C–f measurements performed on metal–insulator–metal and metal–insulator–semiconductor devices. The results show that the plasma treatments increase the surface energy and wettability of the hybrid films. There is also a reduction of the OH groups and oxygen vacancies in the hybrid network improving the dielectric properties. The incorporation of nitrogen into the hybrid films surface is also observed. The plasma-treated hybrid dielectric layers were applied as dielectric gate in the fabrication of a-IGZO TFTs. The best electrical performance of the fabricated TFTs was achieved with the 3 cycles plasma-treated hybrid dielectric gate, showing high mobility, 29.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, low threshold voltage, 2.9 V, high I ON/OFF current ratio, 106, and low subthreshold swing of 0.42 V dec−1.

Background: Prevalence of depression enormously increasing throughout the world including developing and developed world. Especially in case of medical and dental students, after completion of schooling, will enter into University level and there will be different exposure, syllabus load and scientific terminology and adjustment to the surroundings leads to become depressive nature. Objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression, demographic variables and risk factors association with depression among medical and dental students of Qassim university.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted March 2019 to June 2020 among the medical and dental students of Qassim University. A total of 235 sample collected through Google forms due to COVID-19 pandemic situation. Data entered in Statistical package for social sciences, 21.0 version and necessary statistical tests were applied.Results: In the present study about 235 study participants, of which 174 medical and 61 dental students participated. Among the 174 medical students, about 62.1% were males and among the 61 dental students, about 39.3% were males. Prevalence of depression among medical students and dental students was 82.90% and 86.90% respectively. Socioeconomic status was significantly associated with depression in both the groups’ medical and dental students.Conclusions: High prevalence of depression was noticed in medical and dental students. Need to strengthen the supportive health programs to the medical and dental students to be arranged and will indirectly reduce the stress among the students.

Background: Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. Dementia has physical, psychological, social and economic impact. Worldwide prevalence of dementia in elderly population of more than 60 years is 5-8%. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in India is 14.89%. Present study aim was to estimate the prevalence of dementia and the risk factors associated with dementia among elderly population in rural field practice area of Nalgonda district.Methods: A descriptive, community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 elderly population in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre by simple random sampling method, with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 19. MMSE (mini mental status examination) questionnaire was used to screen for dementia. Barthel index was used to assess the dependency status.Results: Demographic profile of the study population of 119, males 65 (54.62%), females 54 (45.38%). Majority of their source of income were government service pension 30 (25.21%) and old age pension 70 (58.82%). 56 (47.06%) of elderly population living with family and 63 (52.94%) people were living individually. The study revealed the prevalence of cognitive impairment is 35.3%. Risk factors like middle age obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, social isolation showed significant association with dementia.Conclusions: Dementia can be prevented by early diagnosis and promoting physical health and treating behavioural and psychological symptoms. Risk of dementia can be reduced by following regular exercise, diet, quitting smoking and alcohol.

Single-stage solar powered, battery assisted five-phase induction motor drive is proposed to avail benefits such as less cost, higher efficiency, and compact in size. Major goal of this paper is to investigate the performance of five-phase induction motor for solar boat application. Also, such type of solar boats requires battery energy storage systems for continuous operation over the specified period. This paper also investigates the performance of input ripple currents of battery as well as solar PV array in both conventional three-phase and proposed five-phase systems. Simulation-based results proven that input current ripples less in case of five-phase systems, which results in enhanced lifetime of battery as well as DC link capacitor in comparison with three-phase. Also incorporates all the performance parameters such as cost, reliability, power density, device current stresses, and starting currents for both the systems. Results proven that five-phase system offers superior performance compared to existing conventional approach.

Even though there are reports on NiO-p/Si-n based photodetector, work along 1D NiO/Si self-powered photodetector remains unexplored. 1D materials offer better electron mobility and can provide ballistic transport channel, which helps in achieving high responsivity. In this work, direct single-step deposition of p-type NiO nanowires on n-type Si as a self-powered photodetector was successfully fabricated by engaging simple electrospinning technique. The structural properties as observed from XRD indicate highly crystalline NiO nanowires and FESEM images revealed 60-75 nm diameter with uniform distribution. Growth of nanowires by using stimuli polymer and its completely removal at high temperature was confirmed using TGA and XPS analysis. The responsivity of the fabricated photodetector was calculated to be 9.1 mA W−1 at zero bias, which can be attributed to the p-type NiO interface with the n-type Silicon, which creates an internal electrical field thereby assisting in the effective separation of the photogenerated carriers. Further, under illumination, at zero bias, the photogenerated current still exists suggesting a generation of internal voltage, which makes the fabricated device as self-powered. This fabrication method will enhance the photodetection properties, and it can be implemented in the fields of optoelectronic devices, sensors, and flexible electronics.

Nowadays Internet is widely used by users to satisfy various information needs. However, ambiguous query/topic submitted to search engine doesn’t satisfy user information needs, because different users may have different information needs on diverse aspects upon submission of same query/topic to search engine. So discovering different user search goals becomes complicated Analyzing user search goal is essential to provide best result for which the user looks for in the internet. Feedback sessions have been clustered to learn several customers explore objectives for a query. Number one, we propose a framework to solving the all existing problems very effectively. Number two, we propose a novel approach to solving the existing problems and develop pseudo documents very good way to represent that documents. Last one, we propose a new factor “Classified Average Precision (CAP)” to solving the existing problems and this method mainly use of the performance is very effective that’s why this method using in this project.

In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) is proposed for eliminating voltage harmonics present in the multilevel inverter. It is achieved by reducing the THD present in the multilevel inverter output voltage. Here, the voltage variation of the multilevel inverter is determined from the actual load voltage and the reference voltage. The voltage variation at different time interval has been applied to the ANFIS. According to the voltage variations, the switching angles can be generated from the interference system. These switching angles can make the multilevel inverter output voltage with reduced THD. The proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB/simulink working platform. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by the multilevel inverter output voltage without controller and with Neuro Fuzzy Controller (NFC).

In the present work, Al-5083-5wt% nanoyttria powders were milled for 10, 20, 30 and 35 hrs in a high energy ball milling under optimised process parameters. The milled powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Milled powders exhibit nanocrystalline single phase after 10hrs of milling. Consolidation of 35 hrs milled powder was done by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) through 90odie channel angle using route A upto three passes with and without back pressure and sintered under controlled environment. Density of ECAPed samples was measured using Archimedes principle. The density is 96% for the sample consolidated with backpressure after two passes after sintering.

A Mid-course guidance algorithm has been developed for an exo-atmospheric interceptor to neutralize an incoming high speed ballistic Target. The guidance scheme positions the interceptor ahead of the target so that the velocity vectors of the target and interceptors are in the same direction. As the interceptors used in ballistic missile defence have a lower velocity than the incoming target, the target approaches the interceptor. The guidance scheme reduces the closing velocity compared to a head on approach thereby increasing the homing time for a given terminal sensor detection range. The guidance law is validated through numerical simulation.

This paper proposes a power management strategy for parallel inverters based dg system. PV, Fuel cells are considered as the two DG units for this system. Generally Inverter based micro grids plays a key role in accommodating the growth of electricity needs due to this, controlling of inverter is essential, basic droop control methods are conventionally used to control the parallel inverters, predominantly for the low voltage distribution network opposite droop method is the best choice, but this method is also not effective for nonlinear loads, to compensate nonlinear loads also in a effective way virtual impedance is usually implemented as the time derivative of the inverter output current, yet this makes the system highly sensitive to the output current noise and to non linear loads with high slew rate. In order to avoid this a second order general integrator scheme is proposed to implement the virtual output impedance, which is less sensitive to output current noise, reduces the total harmonic distortion and to achieve more accuracy in power sharing and stability. Different linear and nonlinear loads are also connected to verify how the parallel inverters are working with two DC sources connected in islanding mode. Matlab/Simulink is used to validate the proposed control.

The objective of power systems operation and planning in the interconnected power system is to maximize the social welfare through minimizing total generation costs. This paper presents a novel approach for optimal generation considering stability limits. The paper examines two approaches for optimal generation. The first approach is based on analyzing their shares in increased load on system. The second approach is based on voltage stability consideration. An IEEE-6 bus test system is used to demonstrate the results. One of the modern power system analyzer MiPower software is used to model and solve the optimization problems involved and the MATLAB software is used to perform graphical representations through an interface between both programs.

IoT (Internet of things) has delivered a venerable progression and advancements in the automation of home environments. The home automation has changed the manual frame work into robotization by making the household appliances smart which plays vital role now and more in the coming future. By connecting the household appliances to the internet for remote supervision and controlling. For better results home automation is employed with energy management strategy for better fallouts. Many energy management systems are available which are having expensive cost but are not efficient. By equipping the energy meters to home appliances, the amount of energy consumed can be calculated by each appliance. Enhanced facilities are provided to the user in this system. The remote user can monitor the electrical appliances, can turn ON and OFF through the web page. Webcam is employed in the proposed system for better functionality and to enhance the security so that remote user can observe the living home environment. A specific threshold values are specified to electrical appliances which reduces the power consumption in an effective way. The appliances will turn OFF automatically when it reaches to the specified threshold value. The implement system uses a Raspberry Pi 3 which realizes the data received form the remote users and the webcam. The data is uploaded into the web sever through Raspberry Pi which act as central server and visualization of data will be done the user in the website. The proposed and implemented system performs the monitoring and controlling of electrical appliance dynamically with low cost and efficiently which reduce the power consumption.

Sunlight based vitality is one of the imperative segment of sustainable power source assets and reaping of sun oriented vitality is an actually difficult assignment. Sunlight based PV cells display non liner conduct and their execution is affected by an assortment of components. Fluctuating insolation and temperature assumes a critical part in characterizing the working purpose of the PV cell. Most extreme Power Point Tracking (MPPT) calculations are important to amplify the yield control. The target of getting MPP in PV frameworks is to manage the real working voltage of PV boards. The fundamental reason for acquiring MPP in PV frameworks is to direct the real working voltage of PV boards. In this paper a Genetic Algorithm (GA) –Artificial Neural Network (ANN) MPPT approach is presented. GA is employed to adaptively change the weights during the course of ANN training. The proposed approach is validated by comparing its performance against a data set which contains voltages forecast by ANN approach, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy (ANFIS) approach and reference voltage obtained through mathematical modeling. The results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed approach in maximum power point tracking through its better performance when compared to the other two approaches. Pearson product-moment correlation has also been calculated to compare the correlation between the predicted voltage and the reference voltage.

A utility interface converter is one of the key components in the hybrid power systems. This Paper addresses a novel three phase interleaved bi directional power converter circuit for economical solar, wind & battery hybrid power system (HPS). HPS consists of both AC and DC networks connected together by three phase interleaved bi directional converter in combination with 3phase pulse width modulation controlled converter. Here PWM controlled converter switches are used for smooth power transfer between AC and DC links and to maintain stable operation with various renewable sources (Both AC and DC), different loads. The addressed hybrid architecture is very flexible to decrease the required power conversions stages and hence the system cost and efficiency. The HPS is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink Environment and the simulation results show that the system can maintain stable operation with three phase interleaved bi directional converter both in the grid tied, autonomous modes.

Causal consistency stipulates that causally dependent writes to data items should be executed in causal order. Traditionally this has been done by causally ordered message delivery using vector clocks. In a vector clock of size N, each element of the vector corresponds to each of the N hosts in the system and hence the message overhead is Θ( N ). In a mobile environment the number of hosts can not be fixed because hosts join and leave the system dynamically. Hence traditional vector clocks are not suitable in a mobile environment. Consistency of a system consisting of M data items can be maintained using a vector in which each element corresponds to each data item. We propose a mechanism for maintaining causal consistency whose message overhead is Θ( M ). Such a model will be advantageous in a mobile environment, because the message overhead is independent of the number of hosts. Further in applications such as collaboration the number of data items is small. Also, the delivery of a message is never inhibited due to causally overwritten messages.

This paper presents a simplified model for load frequency control (LFC) in deregulated power systems. LFC in deregulated power system is modeled by modifying conventional model with inclusion of bilateral contracts. Bilateral contracts will allow DISCOs in one area to get power from another area. This inclusion complicates the design of the controller by adding the contracted power also along with the disturbance power. New LFC model facilitates us to design the controller without considering bilateral contracts which works for power system with bilateral contracts also. And concentrates only the load disturbances not on the contracted loads. The proposed new AGC model is simulated in MATLAB environment and results were presented.