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Glioma is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in humans. Myosin binding protein H (MYBPH), which was first identified as an important myofibrillar constituent of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles, reduces cell motility and metastasis. However, its role in gliomas remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MYBPH in glioma using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (https://www.cgga.org.cn/). The results showed that MYBPH was highly expressed in glioma tissues. Moreover, MYBPH expression was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes in glioma patients. Mechanistically, the results suggested that MYBPH might promote tumor progression by improving tumor invasion and migration. Our results establish MYBPH as an important prognostic biomarker that could be considered a potential epigenetic and immunotherapeutic target for treatment. We showed that MYBPH is a novel biomarker that is variably expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). The association of high MYBPH expression with poor prognosis in newly diagnosed GBM patients and increased expression in recurrent GBM is indicative of its role in tumor aggressiveness.

The location of perianal abscesses and the course of the fistula follow certain patterns, especially in the relationship between external and internal openings. However, it is still not clear how the contents of the ischioanal fossa, especially the fibrous network of fat tissue, affect the route for such diseases. Ten male adult cadavers were selected for the study. Seven horizontal transverse section planes from 1 cm above the pubic symphysis to the inferior border of the lesser trochanter of the femur were recorded after P45 sheet plastination. We observed characteristics of fiber distribution in the ischioanal fossa and its relationship with surrounding structures in every plane. There was a dense strip-type fiber connecting with junction fascia between the obturator internus and gluteus maximus muscles. Close to the levator ani, obturator internus, and gluteus maximus, the fibers were very dense and continuous with the fascia on the surfaces of these three muscles. The function of the fibrous network was considered to be not only the support of fat tissue in the fossa but also cushioning during physiological actions such as defecation. We hope that these morphological results could help to elucidate the passage of fistulae and the locations susceptible to perianal abscesses. Clin. Anat. 30:1029-1033, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The aim of this study is to explore the inconsistencies between right liver volume as measured by imaging and the actual anatomical appearance of the right lobe. Five healthy donated livers were studied. The liver slices were obtained with hepatic segments multicolor-infused through the portal vein. In the slices, the lobes were divided by two methods: radiological landmarks and real anatomical boundaries. The areas of the right anterior lobe (RAL) and right posterior lobe (RPL) on each slice were measured using Photoshop CS5 and AutoCAD, and the volumes of the two lobes were calculated. There was no statistically significant difference between the volumes of the RAL or RPL as measured by the radiological landmarks (RL) and anatomical boundaries (AB) methods. However, the curves of the square error value of the RAL and RPL measured using CT showed that the three lowest points were at the cranial, intermediate, and caudal levels. The U- or V-shaped curves of the square error rate of the RAL and RPL revealed that the lowest value is at the intermediate level and the highest at the cranial and caudal levels. On CT images, less accurate landmarks were used to divide the RAL and RPL at the cranial and caudal layers. The measured volumes of hepatic segments VIII and VI would be less than their true values, and the measured volumes of hepatic segments VII and V would be greater than their true values, according to radiological landmarks. Clin. Anat., 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The connective tissue between suboccipital muscles and the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM) is known as the myodural bridge (MDB). However, the adjacent relationship of the different connective tissue fibers that form the MDB remains unclear. This information will be highly useful in exploring the function of the MDB. The adjacent relationship of different connective tissue fibers of MDB was demonstrated based upon three-dimensional visualization model, P45 plastinated slices and histological sections of human MDB. We found that the MDB originating from the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi), rectus capitis posterior major muscle (RCPma) and obliquus capitis inferior muscle (OCI) in the suboccipital region coexists. Part of the MDB fibers originate from the ventral aspect of the RCPmi and, together with that from the cranial segment of the RCPma, pass through the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace (PAOiS) and enter into the posterior aspect of the upper cervical SDM. Also, part of the MDB fibers originate from the dorsal aspect of the RCPmi, the ventral aspect of the caudal segment of the RCPma, and the ventral aspect of the medial segment of the OCI, enter the central part of the posterior atlanto-axial interspace (PAAiS) and fuse with the vertebral dura ligament (VDL), which connects with the cervical SDM. Our findings prove that the MDB exists as a complex structure which we termed the ‘myodural bridge complex’ (MDBC). In the process of head movement, tensile forces could be transferred possibly and effectively by means of the MDBC. The concept of MDBC will be beneficial in the overall exploration of the function of the MDB.

The present study presents an overview of CO2 heat pump water heater for residential use in Japan. The contents include the general background, current market, and the technology evolvement of the transcritical CO2 system, especially on the key components like compressor and gas cooler. Some cutting edge technology associated with the high efficient compressors and its integration with expander, such as swing compressor, sub-compressor, two-stage compressor, scroll expander, and dual-sided scroll-type expander are elaborated in this review. Some ingenious tube designs to promote the performance of gas cooler are also studied. In practice, the dominant thermal resistance may occur in the CO2 side or water side, thereby implementing twisted tube or dimple tubes may be quite effective. The placement of enhancement on the water side is especially effective when the operational pressure is close to the critical pressure whereas heat transfer enhancement is more helpful if the operational pressure is comparatively high. For augmentation on the CO2 side, it would be more beneficial to place enhancement a distance away from the pseudo-critical region.

The study of somatotypes has important significance for medical and physical anthropology as well as sports science. The aim of this study was to understand the somatotype components of the Han population in Xi’an and compare the somatotypes of the Han and five other nationalities in China. The study sample consisted of 429 people of Han nationality (207 males, 222 females) from Xi’an, China, aged ≥20 years old. The Heath-Carter anthropometric method was employed. We evaluated the differences in age and sex by one-way ANOVA and t test. A comparison of somatotypes between the Han and other nationalities was made using the U test. The results showed that the male and female samples all could be classified as having a mesomorphic endomorph profile. The difference in endomorphy was strongest between sexes in all age groups (P

Welding sequence is the important influence factor of the temperature field and residual stress and deformation in welding structure, At present, determining the welding sequence is usually based on experience and test method. For complex structure it is very difficult to get the optimum welding sequence. This study is aiming to settle the problem of solving the optimum welding sequence of complex box welding structure. In our study, we take the welding deformation as objective function, and then, associate glowworm swarm optimization algorithm with thermal-mechanical coupling and nonlinear thermal elastoplastic finite element model to optimize numerical simulation, eventually the optimum welding sequence is determined. Optimization results demonstrate that the optimum welding sequence obtained by our method has small welding deformation and little change rate. At the same time, our method is faster, more accurate, more effective than the traditional experience or test method.

According to the characteristics of piggery, such as complex environment, numerous control objects, complex wiring, a piggery environment control system based on wireless sensor networks was designed. This system consisted of the wireless network composed of various devices and sensors in piggery, the control center with ARM-LINUX and the remote control center. The energy of sensor nodes was offered by batteries in wireless sensor networks so that the power source was limited. In order to strengthen the node energy management, the LEACH algorithm was combined with AODV routing protocol, and a new optimization algorithm called LEACH-A was proposed in this paper. The wireless sensor networks execution process was divided into two phases, including cluster building and data transmission. In the two phases, the node residual energy was calculated by a weighted function and the cluster head role was changed by the size of remaining energy. NS-2 simulation results show that the proposed algorithm prolonged the lifetime of the nodes and the networks, and realized the energy optimization management.

In view of the fixed testing point and complex wiring in conventional piggery environment control, a new system based on wireless sensor network was designed. This system consisted of the control center with ARM-Linux, executing mechanism nodes and wireless sensor network containing the flexible sensor nodes which could be arbitrarily placed in piggery. In order to make reasonable use of the energy of Zigbee network and prolong the survival time, a improved zigbee tree routing algorithm was proposed. First of all, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the Cluster-tree and AODVjr algorithm in the Zigbee protocol, the neighbor table was introduced into the improved algorithm. Secondly, the scope of the destination node was confirmed to control the radio range of the RREQ and prevented invalid RREQ flooding. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm optimized the overall energy consumption effectively, prolonged the time of the critical nodes, reduced the number of death nodes, balanced the network load and improved the overall performance of the network.

The prognostic role of inflammation index like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. We conduct a meta-analysis to determine the predictable value of NLR in the clinical outcome of CRC patients. The analysis was carried out based on the data from 16 studies (19 cohorts) to evaluate the association between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with CRC. In addition, the relationship between NLR and clinicopathological parameters was assessed. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size estimate. Our analysis results indicated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.813, 95% CI: 1.499–2.193) and PFS (HR: 2.102, 95% CI: 1.554–2.843) in patients with CRC. Increased NLR is also significantly associated with the poorer differentiation of the tumor (OR: 1.574, 95% CI: 1.226–2.022) and higher carcino-embryonie antigen (CEA) level (OR: 1.493, 95% CI: 1.308–1.705). By these results, we conclude that NLR gains a prognostic value for patients with CRC. NLR should be monitored in CRC patients for rational stratification of the patients and adjusting the treatment strategy.

Objective We aimed to investigate the morphological changes and potential correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (RCPmi). Methods Comparison of RCPmi between patients with chronic headaches and healthy adult volunteers were collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Mimics software. Results Among the 235 MRI images analyzed, the data between the two groups were considered statistically significant. The number of males was larger than that of females ( p Conclusions Chronic headaches were correlated with the RCPmi. Patients with chronic headaches suffered from more obvious hypertrophy than that of the control group. Additionally, it was supposed that RCPmi hypertrophy may be one pathogenesis of the chronic headaches.

To compare the areas of human liver horizontal sections with computed tomography (CT) images and to evaluate whether the subsegments determined by CT are consistent with the actual anatomy. Six human cadaver livers were made into horizontal slices with multislice spiral CT three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was used during infusion process. Each liver segment was displayed using different color, and 3D images of the portal and hepatic vein were reconstructed. Each segmental area was measured on CT-reconstructed images, which were compared with the actual area on the sections of the same liver. The measurements were performed at four key levels namely: (1) the three hepatic veins, (2) the left, and (3) the right branch of portal vein (PV), and (4) caudal to the bifurcation of the PV. By dividing the sum of these areas by the total area of the liver, the authors got the percentage of the incorrectly determined subsegmental areas. In addition to these percentage values, the maximum distances of the radiologically determined intersegmental boundaries from the true anatomic boundaries were measured. On the four key levels, an average of 28.64 ± 10.26% of the hepatic area of CT images was attributed to an incorrect segment. The mean-maximum error between artificial segments on images and actual anatomical segments was 3.81 ± 1.37 cm. The correlation between radiological segmenting method and actual anatomy was poor. The hepatic segments being divided strictly according to the branching point of the PV could be more informative during liver segmental resection. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Based on measured ventilation condition in the built aerobic composting plant of large sludge treatment engineering,using the methord of CFD, four kinds of scheme for the new aerobic composting plant were analysed,which contain two types of ventilation(natural air supply mechanical exhaust and mechanical air mechanical ventilation)and two kinds of supply air rates (4x105m3/h and 8x105m3/h). Studies have shown that the methord of mechanical air supply and exhaust is better than the original natural air mechanical exhaust in this plant; The methord of mechanical air supply and exhaust is recommended to reduce ammonia content for personal breathing zone and ventilation energy consumption.

A new hexagonal actuator arrangement continuous face-sheet MEMS deformable mirror is proposed, a mirror array with 19 elements is fabricated by a surface micromachining process. This design has a good fitting capability and a fast dynamic response. The fabricated sample is tested by an optical profiler. Simulation and test results indicate that it has a small aperture size, a high fill factor, a fast response time and a high working bandwidth. This new device provides a possibility of manufacturing a large-actuator-count DM for high speed wavefront control.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, a more accurate understanding of intrahepatic vessels and hepatic segments is necessary. Previously, research in these fields was primarily by means of dissecting livers, preparing corrosion cast specimens, reconstructing three-dimensional MSCT images of intrahepatic vessels, and so on. The aim of this study was to search for a new specimen preparing method, which could demonstrate intrahepatic vessels and the relationships between internal vessels and external structures of liver simultaneously. Rabbit livers were prepared with three different techniques in this study: (a) corrosion-cast technique; (b) transparency technique; and (c) combination technique of cast and transparency. The results showed that the combination of casting and transparent liver specimens in group C could demonstrate both the intrahepatic vessels and the external structures clearly. The relationships between the internal vessels and external structures could also be observed clearly. In conclusion, the combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen created a new approach for the research of intrahepatic vessels, especially for applied basic research of hepatic segments.

Open surgery with common bile duct (CBD) exploration and T tube drainage are still traditionally performed in a large amount of selected patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Confirmation of CBD clearance via T tube cholangiography after surgery is a routine procedure before T tube removal. The present study aims at investigating potential risk factors associated with residual stones in CBD via T tube cholangiography. Patients undergoing open CBD exploration and T tube drainage for choledocholithiasis in the hospital were enrolled retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2013. The clinical data were reviewed and analyzed based on computer database. Patients undergoing laparoscopic CBD exploration were excluded. Patients with CBD exploration and primary choledochotomy or choledochojejunostomy were also excluded from the study. T tube cholangiography was regularly performed 4 to 8 weeks postoperatively. Two hundred seventy-five patients undergoing open CBD exploration and T tube drainage were enrolled in the study. Thirty-five patients (12.7%) were found to have gallbladder stones but without bile duct stones intraoperatively (Group A). One hundred sixty-five (Group B) and 77 patients (Group C) were diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and hepato-choledocholithiasis in operation, respectively. Disease of hepato-choledocholithiasis, size of the previous stones, and CBD exploration without intraoperative choledochoscopy were identified as risk factors associated with residue stones via T tube cholangiography (P

Moire patterns on HOPG were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results reveal that the observed Moire patterns originate from the defects locating several layers below the surface, which presents the first experimental evidence supporting the prediction that in HOPG the nanoscale electronic waves can propagate through several layers without obvious decay.

With the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, an increasing amount of researchers have reported discrepancies between the real distribution of the hepatic portal vein branches and Couinaud's segmentation, especially for further division of the right medial division. The present study investigated 25 cadaveric liver dissections and 30 three-dimensional reconstruction images of intrahepatic vessels. The ramifications, course, distribution and quantity of the portal branches were analyzed. An oblique fissure that had few vessels was found among third-order branches of the hepatic portal vein of the right medial division. The right medial division could be redivided into the ventral subsegment and dorsal subsegment by this oblique fissure. A hepatic vein coursed in the oblique fissure between the ventral subsegment and dorsal subsegment. The hepatic vein could serve as an anatomical landmark of the inter-subsegmental plane. This new method of identifying further division of the right medial division is a novel concept providing further information on conventional segmental anatomy. Clin. Anat. 25:489–495, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Aiming at the feature of the cavity microscopic image of the cross-section of Fiberboard, a new algorithm is proposed which can detect the image effectively and accurately. This algorithm used Otsu algorithm to segment the cavity from the microscopic image, then refined the cavity edge by using the GAP statistic model which was based on the difference in distribution function of grey-level. The experimental results show that the algorithm improves the edge detection effect of cavity microscopic image with a good anti-noise performance, and achieves better detection effect.

Until now there has been no definitive anatomical study of the boundary between hepatic subsegments IVa and IVb. In this study, we used a multicolor segmental corrosion cast technique and a multicolor segmental technique on plastinated slices, in combination with helical CT three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction on 15 donated fresh isolated human liver specimens. The corrosion cast technique was carried out on eight of these specimens, and the remaining seven livers were used to make horizontal plastinated slices. Examination of these specimens and observation of 20 additional liver corrosion cast specimens showed that all boundaries between hepatic segments were complex, undulating scissures rather than simple, flat planes. We also found that there was an obvious boundary between subsegments IVa and IVb, such that subsegment IVa laid posterosuperior to subsegment IVb. A tributary of a hepatic vein passed through the boundary between subsegments IVa and IVb, and could serve as an anatomical landmark of this boundary. Clin. Anat. 21:439–446, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.