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This study was conducted to assess the changes in the annual incidence of adult asthma in Korea where the prevalence of asthma had increased steadily in recent decades. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), which consisted of 746,816 adults aged >20 years between 2004 and 2012. Asthma was defined by two or more physician claims on the basis of a primary diagnostic code for asthma and administration of asthma medications within 1 year. The incidence rates and annual percent change were calculated, and the influence of age and sex on the incidence rates was studied. The annual asthma incidence increased from 3.63 in 2004 to 6.07 per 1,000 person-years in 2008. Since 2008, the asthma incidence did not change significantly. The asthma incidence was higher in women than in men throughout the study periods (p

BACKGROUND/AIM Recently, the development of ultrasonography (US)-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) has enabled the excision of benign breast tumors with normal surrounding breast tissues; thus, complete excision is possible without residual tumor tissue. We sought to identify the clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence rates of benign phyllodes tumors diagnosed by US-guided VABB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 11,221 US-guided VABBs performed at the Gangnam Cha Medical Center over 12 years were analyzed. Eighty-three lesions were diagnosed as benign phyllodes tumors; 67 with >24 months of follow-up data were investigated. All lesions were excised using an 8-gauge probe without residual tissue; patients underwent follow-up US every 3-6 months. RESULTS Five patients (7.46%) experienced local recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 27.8 months; no distant metastases occurred. The mean tumor size was 3.0 cm in the recurrence group and 1.87 cm in the non-recurrence group (p=0.05). CONCLUSION Benign phyllodes tumors excised and diagnosed using VABB showed a low recurrence rate during the follow-up period; thus, these tumors, particularly those

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF) containing adipose stem cells (ASCs) in regenerating functional endometrium in patients with severe Asherman’s syndrome (AS). This was a prospective clinical study involving six infertile women aged 20–44 years who were diagnosed with severe AS by hysteroscopy. Autologous AD-SVF were isolated from patient’s adipose tissue obtained by liposuction and then transplanted into uterus by transcervical instillation using an embryo transfer catheter followed by estrogen hormone therapy. Endometrial growth and pregnancy outcomes were assessed after fresh or frozen embryo transfer. Of the five patients who remained in the study, two women who had amenorrhea resumed their menstruation with irregular scant bleeding. Three women with oligomenorrhea had increased menstrual amount. Before therapy, the maximum EMT measured ultrasonographically was 3.0 ± 1.0 mm (range: 1.7 to 4.4 mm), which significantly increased to 6.9 ± 2.9 mm (range: 5.2 to 12.0 mm, p = 0.043) after cell transplantation and hormone therapy. Five women had embryo transfer after therapy: one fresh and four frozen-thawed. One woman conceived but aborted spontaneously at 9-week gestation. AD-SVF is a safe and easily available cell product containing adipose-derived stem cells. Autologous transplantation of AD-SVF may regenerate damaged human endometrium and increase endometrial receptivity. Our study showed the feasibility of AD-SVF in restoring endometrial function and increasing endometrial thickness. This cell therapy may become a promising treatment for infertile women with endometrial dysfunction and needs further investigation.

Objective: Thin or damaged endometrium remains to be an unsolved problem in the treatment of patients with infertility. The empirical preference for endometrial thickness (EMT) among clinicians is >7 mm, and the refractory thin endometrium, which doesn't respond to standard medical therapies, can be the etiology of recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to help tissue regeneration and is widely used in various fields. In the present study, we conducted PRP treatment and investigated its effect on the refractory thin endometrium.Design: Prospective interventional study (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris, clinical trial registration number: KCT0003375).Methods: Women who had a history of two or more failed IVF cycles and refractory thin endometrium were enrolled in this study. The main inclusion criteria were EMT of

To prevent perinatal morbidity and mortality of high-order multiple pregnancy (HOMP), multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) is offered to some patients. In this study, we investigated whether twin pregnancies derived from MPRs carry a higher adverse obstetrical outcome compared to non-reduced control group of twins. We retrospectively analyzed the data from HOMPs on which transvaginal ER (n = 153) at a mean gestational age of 7.6 weeks or transabdominal FR (n = 59) at a mean gestational age of 12.4 weeks was performed between December 2006 and January 2018. The risk of each procedure was evaluated by comparing obstetrical outcome with that of a control population of 157 non-reduced twins conceived by infertility treatment. The mean gestational ages at delivery were 35.2 weeks in the ER group, 35.7 weeks in the FR group, and 34.1 weeks in the control group (P = NS). Compared with those in the control group, the ER group had higher miscarriage (1.3% vs. 6.5%; P = 0.047; OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.45–0.898) and higher overall fetal loss (3.8% vs. 14.4%; P = 0.003; OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.60) rates. Differently compared with those in the control group, the FR group had no statistical difference in miscarriage (2.5% vs. 1.7%; P=NS) and overall fetal loss (3.8% vs. 6.8%; P=NS) rates. Compared with the control group, ER in twins had a higher miscarriage and fetal loss rate, whereas FR in twins was similar to the control group. So, the FR procedure is overall a better and safer approach of MPR in reducing morbidity and mortality in HOMPs.

BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the usefulness and safety of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) for breast lesion diagnosis and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical and histopathological data of 8,748 patients, who underwent 11,221 VABB procedures were analyzed. RESULTS Most patients (58.2%) were

Charcoal is a biologically inert material used for the preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions; its foreign body reactions have occasionally been reported. Although a few case reports on the formation of charcoal granulomas in the breast because of such reactions exist, to the best of our knowledge, no report includes breast-imaging findings obtained using multiple modalities. Here we report a case of two charcoal granulomas that mimicked breast cancer recurrence and provide breast-imaging findings obtained using mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. We also discuss the radiological and pathological features of charcoal granulomas. Awareness of breast imaging findings using multiple modalities along with the clinical and pathological features of charcoal granulomas helps in the differential diagnoses of newly detected lesions on postoperative follow-ups and reduces the need of unnecessary invasive procedures.

The purpose of this study is to propose a management plan of th e pop-up library model that is developed as part of the outreach library service recently. Especially this study focused the method for meeting the citizen’s right to know by p roviding various information of the pop-up library in social fields such as a national disas ters. The survey and In-depth interview (a volunteer of Sewol ferry disaster and a participan t of 2013 Busan International Film Festival) were done for this research. As the results of the investigation, the lack of communication and information between members in constrained situations were pointed pointed out as important problems. With these findings, this st udy suggested the pop-up library model management plan in information-constrained situat ions. 키워드: 팝업도서관, 아웃리치 서비스 , 시민의 알 권리, 정보제약 상황 pop-up library, outreach service, citizen’s right to know, info rmation-constrained situation ****** 이 논문은 국립중앙도서관이 시행한 ‘제6회 대학(원)생 도서관 선진화 논문 공모 ’ 최우수상 수상작을 수정 ․보완한 것임 .동덕여자대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과 학부 (jins106@nate.com) ( 제1저자)동덕여자대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과 조교수 (kjbae@dongduk.ac.kr) ( 교신저자)

Purpose: In this paper we present a case study of developing fast curing adhesives for insulation material of LNG carriers using an extreme vertices design with four mixture components. Three material properties are considered . shear strength, viscosity, and tensile strength. In the optimization experiment, we used hardness instead of tensile strength due to shortage of specimens. Methods: We employ four-factor extreme vertices design with 19 runs and desirability function approach for simultaneously optimizing three responses. After selecting optimal condition of the mixture components, we do confirmation experiments to verify the reproducibility of the optimal condition under manufacturing circumstance. Results: Simultaneous optimal condition for the three responses, that is, shear strength, viscosity, and harness is obtained. At the optimal condition, confirmation experiments are executed in manufacturing circumstance. The variation for the shear strength is not satisfactory, which is due to the variation of the humidity. Conclusion: At the optimal condition three material properties are satisfactory. To reduce the variability for the shear strength, robust design is needed.

The renin-angiotensin system is associated with angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, prenatal development, and Th2 cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in angiotensin I-converting enzyme [ACE insertion/deletion (I/D)], angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R 1166AC) affect the prevalence of spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs).One hundred and ninety-eight SAFs were20 weeks of gestational age. The control subjects were 103 healthy children and 640 adults collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed to identify the ACE I/D, AGT M235T, and AT1R 1166AC genotypes.II/MM/AA, II/MT/AA, and II/TT/AC of ACE/AGT/AT1R were significantly different from controls. In particular, the statistical significance of the II/MM/AA genotype remained strong in chromosomally normal SAFs.Our data suggest that the II/MM/AA of ACE/AGT/AT1R is a possible predisposing factor for spontaneous abortion.

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSAs) in Korean women. Study design A total of 251 patients with unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses, and 126 healthy controls with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. Result The odds ratios (ORs) of the ACE ID (OR=2.423; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.417–4.142; p =0.001) and the ACE II (OR=2.050; 95% CI=1.143–3.675; p =0.018) for the ACE DD genotype were significantly different between patients with idiopathic RSA and controls; however, there were no significant differences between patients and controls with respect to the AT1R 1166A>C and AGT M235T polymorphisms. In a haplotype-based analysis of I-A ( p =0.010), D-A ( p =0.004), I-A-T ( p =0.033), D-A-T ( p =0.0005), and D-C-T ( p =0.013) polymorphism pairs with synergistic effects derived by the MDR method in patients and in controls showed significant results. Conclusion This study suggests that ACE, AT1R and AGT polymorphisms and haplotypes are a genetic determinant for the risk of idiopathic RSA in Korean women.

PURPOSE Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is a direct method of distinguishing between pituitary and ectopic ACTH secretion. We present unilateral femoral route technique avoiding bilateral femoral venous puncture using two 4F catheters into both sides of IPSS in these obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unilateral femoral puncture using 9F guiding catheter allowed two 4F catheters which can be introduced in each side of inferior petrosal sinus. To reduce bleeding in the gap between 2 catheters at the diaphragm of the 9F femoral sheath, we introduced a short guidewire provided along with femoral sheath. After removing the 9F sheath after procedure, we applied manual compression as usual. We evaluated any technical difficulty and other complications including the presence of hematoma at the puncture site 1 day and 30 days later. RESULTS Bilateral IPSS by using two 4F catheters in both inferior petrosal sinuses was possible via unilateral femoral route via 9F sheath. There was no technical difficulty introducing 4F catheters into each IPS of both sides. After removing 9F femoral sheath, there was no other complication and no hematoma at the puncture site at 1 day and 30 days later. CONCLUSION Unilateral femoral venous approach with a 9-French sheath can be used in IPSS. This technique allowed to pass two 4F catheters for IPSS at both sides and could avoid unnecessary bilateral femoral puncture in these obese patients without any hematoma formation after the procedure.

Summary Background & aims Although there has been some success with protein-based anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) therapeutics, the problems associated with protein-based drugs demand alternative approaches. We screened various herbal extracts for their ability to inhibit TNF-α secretions and found that BT-201, an n -butanol extract of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen ( P. notoginseng ) has such an ability. Methods The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects of BT-201. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring the effects of BT-201 on the production of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1 β , inducible nitric oxide (iNO), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), in vitro . The anti-rheumatic effects were evaluated by treating mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) using a daily oral administration of BT-201 at 15mg/kg/day. In addition, the effects on NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were evaluated by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies. Results BT-201 significantly inhibited all the inflammatory parameters evaluated in vitro and delayed the onset and progression of CIA. BT-201 inhibited the activation of NF-κB, ERK, p38, and JNK pathways. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that BT-201 can modulate various aspects of inflammation in vitro and that it has disease-modifying, anti-rheumatic effects in vivo , suggesting that it can be a potential alternative to the current anti-TNF-α therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disease.

Many osteopenic disorders, including a postmenopausal osteoporosis and lytic bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancers, are linked with a hyperosteoclast activity due to increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblastic/stromal cells. Therefore, inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-induced bone resorption is an important approach in controlling pathophysiology of these skeletal diseases. We found that, of seven type I, II, and III saikosaponins isolated fromBupleurum falcatum, saikosaponins A and D, type I saikosaponins with an allyl oxide linkage between position 13 and 28 and two carbohydrate chains that are directly attached to the hydroxyl groups in position 3, exhibited the most potent inhibition on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation at noncytotoxic concentrations. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group at C16 did not affect their activity. Saikosaponins A and D inhibited the formation of resorptive pits by reducing the secreted levels of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2, MMP-9, and cathepsin K in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Additionally, saikosaponins A and D inhibited mRNA expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein as well as cell viability and invasion in metastatic human breast cancer cells. Thus, saikosaponins A and D can serve as a beneficial agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone loss.

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound (US) detection of the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion (CSG). Materials and methods We examined 52 consecutive patients with 104 bilateral middle CSGs. We identified middle CSG according to our sonographic assessment criteria. After finding oval-shaped hypoechoic structure on transverse scan, we verified a continuous, hypoechoic line connecting the bulbous structure at both sides. The basic US characteristics were evaluated using the size, location, relationship to the common carotid artery, and relationship to the inferior thyroidal artery. Results The middle CSG was identified in 41% (43/104). The mean size of the middle CSG was 3.8±1.5 mm in width, 1.9±0.7 mm in height, and 8.7±3.2 mm in length. They were primarily located at the C6 level (41/43, 95%). Regarding the relationship with common carotid artery, 88% (38/43) were lateral type and 12% (5/43) were medial type. Regarding the relationship with the inferior thyroid artery, 34% (15/43) were anterior type, 26% (11/43) were posterior type, and 40% (17/43) were unable to access the relationship. Discussion Direct visualization of middle CSG based on the understanding of both its location and US features may reduce complications and improve the accuracy of US-guided neck procedures.

The present study aimed to determine the difference between the clinical tumor stage (T stage) based on pre-operative ultrasound and the histopathological T stage subsequent to surgery in vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB)-diagnosed breast cancer. Tumor sizes measured ultrasonography (USG) and histologically were retrospectively calculated and analyzed using paired t-tests in 209 patients diagnosed with breast cancer using VABB. The patients were classified into two groups, consisting of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 4a or below, who underwent complete resection by VABB, and BI-RADS category 4b or above, who underwent incisional biopsy by VABB. The histopathological tumor size was found to be smaller compared with the USG-determined size in 92.3% of pT1a, 75.5% of pT1b, 44.2% of pT1c, 47.7% of pT2 and 0% of pT3 cases. Furthermore, the histopathological tumor size was smaller compared with the USG-determined size in 62.8% of cases classified as BI-RADS category 3–4a and in 53.7% of cases classified as BI-RADS category 4b-5. The smaller the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis by VABB, the higher the likelihood of pathological underestimation on post-operative histopathological assessment compared to pre-operative USG.

Problem The transcobalamin II (TCN2) 776C>G polymorphism has been reported to be a genetic risk factor for idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the sample size in previous studies was small, and other TCN2 polymorphisms have not been studied. Moreover, the TCN2 67A>G and 776C>G polymorphisms, and the transcobalamin II receptor (TCblR/CD320) 1104C>T polymorphism, have demonstrated associations with immune responses. Method of study Three hundred and seventy-eight RSA patients who had at least two consecutive spontaneous abortions were enrolled. Two hundred and seven control subjects were collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed to identify the TCN2 67A>G and 776C>G polymorphisms, and the TCblR 1104C>T polymorphism. Results RSA patients showed significantly different frequencies of the TCN2 67AG+GG genotypes compared with control subjects. Conclusion The TCN2 67G allele is a possible risk factor for idiopathic RSA.

The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The study participants consisted of 357 Korean women with RSA and 236 fertile women controls. Four TNF-α gene variants of all participants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The TNF-α -1031T>C and TNF-α -238G>A variants increased the risk of RSA TNF-α -1031TC+CC; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.292; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.547-3.395; P < .001; TNF-α -238GA+AA; AOR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.038-5.217; P = .040), and these data were not different in a stratified analysis according to the number of consecutive spontaneous abortions. Also, the mutant genotypes of TNF-α -1031 and TNF-α -238 showed synergistic effects on increased RSA risk (-1031TC+CC/-238GA+AA; AOR, 4.054; 95% CI, 1.520-10.812; P = .005). In haplotype analysis, there were similar trends of data for combination analysis. In conclusion, the TNF-α -1031T>C and TNF-α -238G>A variants are possible genetic risk factors for RSA.

The task force of the Korean Society for Reproductive Immunology recommends intravenous immunoglobulin G treatment in women with reproductive failure, including recurrent pregnancy loss and/or repeated implantation failure, who show cellular immune factors such as abnormal natural killer cell levels, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and/or type 1 T helper immunity.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ethanol ablation for the treatment of recurrent thyroid cancers in patients at high risk of surgery. RECENT FINDINGS RFA and ethanol ablation are currently used as local tumor control methods for the treatment of recurrent thyroid cancers. The therapeutic success rates of RFA and ethanol ablation have been reported to be 75-91.6 and 70.8-98%, respectively. Local tumor recurrence has been reported to be 0-25% following RFA and 3.2-33% following ethanol ablation. Various complications have also been reported, such as discomfort, pain, skin burning, and changes in voice, but not life-threatening complications. All patients with changes in their voice received treatment to the central neck area, and permanent injury has been reported in patients who received RFA. SUMMARY RFA and ethanol ablation could be considered as nonsurgical treatment options for recurrent thyroid cancers in patients at high risk of surgery. Efficacy seems to be higher for RFA, but complications seem to be lower for ethanol ablation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu- 100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals. Clinical signs, changes in body weight, mortality, and necropsy findings were examined for 2 weeks following oral administration. No toxicological changes related to the test substance nor mortality was observed after administration of a single oral dose of JKTM-HGu-100 in rats or dogs. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (LD) for oral administration of JKTMHGu-100 in rats was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerance doses (MTDs) in rats and dogs were also estimated to be over 2,000 mg/kg. These results indicate that JKTM-HGu-100 shows no toxicity in rodents or non-rodents at doses of 2,000 mg/kg or less.

Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate whether the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms −786T>C, 4a4b, and 894G>T that affect nitric oxide (NO) generation confer a risk for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in Korean women. Study design We genotyped 136 POI patients and 236 controls among Korean women for the three single nucleotide polymorphism sites with PCR-RFLP analysis. Differences in the eNOS −786T>C (rs2070744), 4a4b (rs61722009), and 894G>T (rs1799983) genotype frequencies between patients and controls were compared, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined as a measure of the strength of the association between the genotypes and POI. Results The POI patients had significantly decreased frequencies of the eNOS 894GT and −786TT/894GT genotypes (P = 0.025 and 0.027, respectively). However, the significant association between these eNOS polymorphisms and POI disappeared after adjustment for multiple comparisons (adjusted P = 0.075 and 0.081, respectively). The eNOS −786T/894G haplotype is more frequent in patients than controls (P = 0.030), whereas the −786T/894T haplotype was less frequent in patients (P = 0.031). The associations between −786/894 haplotypes and POI were confirmed by permutation tests. We did not find associations between the eNOS −786T>C or 4a4b polymorphisms and POI. Conclusions Our data suggest that the eNOS −786T/894T haplotype is associated with a decreased POI risk, and we postulate that the eNOS −786T/894T haplotype may confer less risk on POI occurrence by reducing pathologically increased NO generation by eNOS in POI. Further study is warranted to elucidate the effect of the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and POI occurrence.

In the original article by Jeon et al. "Genetic association of five plasminogen activator inhibtitor-1 (PAI-1) polymorphsms and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss in Korean women" (Thromb Haemost 2013; 110: 742-750) data in two columns shifted in Table 2. The corrected table is printed here and has also been corrected in the online file.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women, occurring in approximately one in eight women in Western countries (1). The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes contribute 5~10% in genetic breast cancer and women with these mutations have a 60~80% risk of developing breast cancer by the age of 70 (2). To reduce this risk, close surveillance for the earlier detection of breast cancer at the most favorable stage is necessary. The strategy for the surveillance of high-risk women should differ from that of the general population. Screening of high-risk women should begin at a younger age, and clinical breast examinations and annual mammography should begin at 25-35 years of age (3, 4). Findings of several studies indicate that contrast-enhanced MRI is useful for screening highrisk women (5, 6). In addition, the American Cancer INTRODUCTION

Objective We wanted to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum CA-125 concentration, when used in combination with the preoperative contrast-enhanced CT results, to differentiate borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) from stage I malignant epithelial ovarian tumors (MEOTs). Materials and Methods Ninety-eight masses (46 BOTs and 52 stage I MEOTs) from 87 consecutive patients (49 with BOTs and 38 with stage I MEOTs) who had undergone preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and surgical staging were evaluated retrospectively and independently by two radiologists. The preoperative serum CA-125 concentration was measured in all patients. The utility of analyzing serum CA-125 concentration in combination with the CT results was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results An irregular tumor surface and lymphadenopathy were predictive of a MEOT. ROC analysis showed that the combination of CT data and the serum CA-125 level resulted in a higher diagnostic performance than did using the CT alone for differentiating BOTs from MEOTs. The areas under the curves (AUCs) without and with the use of the serum CA-125 level data were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.77) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.85), respectively, for reader 1 (p = 0.029) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61-0.80) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.89), respectively, for reader 2 (p = 0.009). Conclusion The serum CA-125 concentration is of additional diagnostic value when used in conjunction with the CT imaging results for differentiating BOTs from MEOTs.