Author: "Jeffries, A" / Topic: business - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Incorporation of Sustainability and Circular Economy Principles in Product Development

Author: Jeffries, Mike
Subjects: Consumer advocacy, Business, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract: Background Is circular thinking new? When and why did linear thinking become more popular? To begin, let's look at some history in mass production and consumerism to see how the [...]
Published: 2024

2. 5. THE ARCTIC

Author: Richter-Menge, J., Jeffries, M.O., and Osborne, E.
Subjects: Arctic -- Natural history, Sea ice -- Thermal properties, Atmospheric temperature -- Measurement, Surface-ice melting -- Observations, Atmospheric circulation -- Measurement, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract: a. Introduction--E. Osborne, J. Richter-Menge, and M. O. Jeffries Annual average Arctic air temperatures (above 60[degrees]N) in 2017 continued to increase at twice the rate of the rest of the [...]
Published: 2018

3. Glass vs. Backsheet: Deconvoluting the Role of Moisture in Power Loss in Silicon Photovoltaics With Correlated Imaging During Accelerated Testing

Author: Nicholas Theut, Hugo Moctezuma-Andraca, David P. Fenning, Flavia DePlachett, April M. Jeffries, Guillaume von Gastrow, Rishi E. Kumar, Angel Ha, Tala Sidawi, Mariana I. Bertoni, and Seth Donaldson
Subjects: Power loss, Materials science, Moisture, Silicon, chemistry, Photovoltaics, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2022
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4. An early relook identifies high-risk trajectories in ambulatory advanced heart failure

Author: Michelle M. Kittleson, Amrut V. Ambardekar, Lynne W. Stevenson, Nisha A. Gilotra, Palak Shah, Gregory A. Ewald, Jennifer T. Thibodeau, Josef Stehlik, Maryse Palardy, Jerry D. Estep, Thomas M. Cascino, J. Timothy Baldwin, Neal Jeffries, Shokoufeh Khalatbari, Matheos Yosef, Wendy Taddei Peters, Blair Richards, Douglas L. Mann, Keith D. Aaronson, and Garrick C. Stewart
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Quality of life, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, education, Aged, Heart Failure, Heart transplantation, Transplantation, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Triage, Heart failure, Ambulatory, Emergency medicine, Female, Surgery, Heart-Assist Devices, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction Patients with ambulatory advanced heart failure (HF) are increasingly considered for durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and heart transplantation and their effective triage requires careful assessment of the clinical trajectory. Methods REVIVAL, a prospective, observational study, enrolled 400 ambulatory advanced HF patients from 21 MCS/transplant centers in 2015-2016. Study design included a clinical re-assessment of Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile within 120 days after enrollment. The prognostic impact of a worsening INTERMACS Profile assigned by the treating physician was assessed at 1 year after the Early Relook. Results Early Relook was done in 325 of 400 patients (81%), of whom 24% had a worsened INTERMACS Profile, associated with longer HF history and worse baseline INTERMACS profile, but no difference in baseline LVEF (median 0.20), 6-minute walk, quality of life, or other baseline parameters. Early worsening predicted higher rate of the combined primary endpoint of death, urgent MCS, or urgent transplant by 1 year after Early Relook, (28% vs 15%), with hazard ratio 2.2 (95% CI 1.2- 3.8; p = .006) even after adjusting for baseline INTERMACS Profile and Seattle HF Model score. Deterioration to urgent MCS occurred in 14% vs 5% (p = .006) during the year after Early Relook. Conclusions Early Relook identifies worsening of INTERMACS Profile in a significant population of ambulatory advanced HF, who had worse outcomes over the subsequent year. Early reassessment of ambulatory advanced HF patients should be performed to better define the trajectory of illness and inform triage to advanced therapies.
Published: 2022
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5. Sociodemographic Correlates of Self-reported Discrimination in HIV Health Care Settings Among Persons With Diagnosed HIV in the United States, Medical Monitoring Project, 2018–2019

Author: William L. Jeffries, Linda Beer, Stacy M. Crim, Jennifer L. Fagan, Donna Hubbard McCree, and Yunfeng Tie
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sustained Virologic Response, Attitude of Health Personnel, Social Determinants of Health, Sexual Behavior, Social Stigma, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MEDLINE, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Health Services Accessibility, Discrimination, Psychological, Health care, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Viral suppression, business.industry, Medical record, Middle Aged, Viral Load, United States, Confidence interval, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, Female, Self Report, business, Delivery of Health Care, Poverty level
Abstract: BACKGROUND HIV-related discrimination in health care settings is associated with negative health outcomes among persons with HIV (PWH). This article describes and compares differences in the prevalence of self-reported experiences with discrimination in health care settings by sociodemographic and clinical care factors among persons with diagnosed HIV in the United States. METHODS We analyzed interview and medical record data collected during June 2018-May 2019 from 3850 PWH who had received HIV care in the past 12 months. We calculated weighted percentages and associated 95% confidence intervals and assessed the association between any experience of discrimination and selected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics using prevalence ratios with predicted marginal means. RESULTS Approximately 25% of PWH who had an HIV care visit in the past 12 months reported experiencing any discrimination. Experiences with discrimination were significantly more prevalent among persons aged 18-29 years (34%); transgender persons (41%); persons of gay (25%), bisexual (31%), or other (40%) sexual orientations; and persons who did not have a regular provider (39%), lived at/below poverty level (28%), were homeless (39%) or incarcerated (37%) in the past 12 months. PWH who experienced discrimination were more likely to have missed at least one HIV care visit, not be taking antiretroviral therapy, and have missed antiretroviral therapy doses. Recent and sustained viral suppression were not significantly associated with experiencing any discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that address the sociocultural and structural factors associated with discrimination in all health care settings are needed to improve health outcomes among PWH and end the HIV epidemic in the United States.
Published: 2021
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6. Native Pathways to Health: A Culturally Grounded and Asset-based CBPR Project Exploring the Health of North Carolina’s American Indian Communities

Author: Ronny A. Bell, Teryn Brewington, Charlene Hunt, Tony Locklear, Parissa J. Ballard, Sarah Langdon, Randi R. Byrd, Vivette Jeffries-Logan, and Megan B. Irby
Subjects: Community-Based Participatory Research, Economic growth, Poverty, Low education, business.industry, MEDLINE, General Medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Chronic disease, General partnership, Health care, Indians, North American, North Carolina, Quality of Life, Humans, Sociology, Asset (economics), business, American Indian or Alaska Native
Abstract: Among the eight tribes within North Carolina, American Indian communities experience disparate rates of poverty, low education, chronic disease, low access to health care, and low quality of life. Addressing inequities and knowledge gaps will require novel and culturally appropriate approaches designed in partnership with AI communities, and should be underscored by the cultural assets those communities possess.
Published: 2021
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7. Concomitant Tricuspid Repair in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation

Author: Michael A. Borger, Alan J Moskowitz, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Steven F. Bolling, Lenard Conradi, Michael E Bowdish, Judy Hung, Pierre Voisine, Jessica Overbey, Eric A. Rose, John C. Mullen, Samantha Raymond, Annetine C. Gelijns, Neal Jeffries, Mariell Jessup, Karen O'Sullivan, Marissa A. Miller, James S. Gammie, Alexander Iribarne, Mary E. Marks, Arnar Geirsson, Michael J Mack, Ctsn Investigators, Babatunde Yerokun, Ellen Moquete, Emilia Bagiella, Richard D. Weisel, Marc Gillinov, Volkmar Falk, Markus Krane, Gorav Ailawadi, Patrick T. O'Gara, Michael W A Chu, Michael K. Parides, and Wendy C. Taddei-Peters
Subjects: Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Pacemaker, Artificial, macromolecular substances, Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Mitral regurgitation, business.industry, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, General Medicine, Survival Analysis, Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency, Intention to Treat Analysis, Concomitant, Regurgitation (digestion), cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Quality of Life, Mitral Valve, Female, Tricuspid Valve, medicine.symptom, business, Dilatation, Pathologic, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Tricuspid regurgitation is common in patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation. However, the evidence base is insufficient to inform a decision about whether to perform tricuspid-valve repair during mitral-valve surgery in patients who have moderate tricuspid regurgitation or less-than-moderate regurgitation with annular dilatation.We randomly assigned 401 patients who were undergoing mitral-valve surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation to receive a procedure with or without tricuspid annuloplasty (TA). The primary 2-year end point was a composite of reoperation for tricuspid regurgitation, progression of tricuspid regurgitation by two grades from baseline or the presence of severe tricuspid regurgitation, or death.Patients who underwent mitral-valve surgery plus TA had fewer primary-end-point events than those who underwent mitral-valve surgery alone (3.9% vs. 10.2%) (relative risk, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.86; P = 0.02). Two-year mortality was 3.2% in the surgery-plus-TA group and 4.5% in the surgery-alone group (relative risk, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.25 to 1.88). The 2-year prevalence of progression of tricuspid regurgitation was lower in the surgery-plus-TA group than in the surgery-alone group (0.6% vs. 6.1%; relative risk, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69). The frequencies of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, functional status, and quality of life were similar in the two groups at 2 years, although the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was higher in the surgery-plus-TA group than in the surgery-alone group (14.1% vs. 2.5%; rate ratio, 5.75; 95% CI, 2.27 to 14.60).Among patients undergoing mitral-valve surgery, those who also received TA had a lower incidence of a primary-end-point event than those who underwent mitral-valve surgery alone at 2 years, a reduction that was driven by less frequent progression to severe tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid repair resulted in more frequent permanent pacemaker implantation. Whether reduced progression of tricuspid regurgitation results in long-term clinical benefit can be determined only with longer follow-up. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02675244.).
Published: 2023

8. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura 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Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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9. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in The Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance

Author: Aderonke Odutola, Brian Greenwood, David Jeffries, Roslyn Mackenzie, Richard A. Adegbola, Momodou Jasseh, Bankole Kuti, Emmanuel Olutunde, Readon C. Ideh, Banjo Adeshola, Sidat Fofana, Malick Ndiaye, Martin Antonio, Oyedeji Adeyemi, Debasish Saha, Rasheed Salaudeen, Aliu Akano, Yamundow Lowe-Jallow, Lamin Ceesay, Baderinwa Abatan, Philip C. Hill, Grant A. Mackenzie, Augustin E Fombah, Sheikh Jarju, Jayani Pathirana, Ilias Hossain, Ogochukwu Ofordile, Kim Mulholland, Effua Usuf, Babila G Lobga, Orin S. Levine, Peter Githua, Edward Green, Maria Deloria Knoll, E David Nsekpong, Stephen R. C. Howie, Ian D. Plumb, David Ameh, Henry Badji, Usman Na Ikumapayi, Ebirim Ahameefula, T Corrah, Bilquees S Muhammad, Bernard E. Ebruke, Yekini Olatunji, Shah M Sahito, Uchendu Uchendu, Ahmed Manjang, and Sana Sambou
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Booster dose, Rate ratio, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Child, education, education.field_of_study, Vaccines, Conjugate, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Vaccination, Infant, Pneumonia, Articles, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Radiological weapon, Female, Gambia, Immunization, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background The Gambia introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in August 2009, followed by PCV13 in May, 2011, using a schedule of three primary doses without a booster dose or catch-up immunisation. We aimed to assess the long-term impact of PCV on disease incidence. Methods We did 10 years of population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and WHO defined radiological pneumonia with consolidation in rural Gambia. The surveillance population included all Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System residents aged 2 months or older. Nurses screened all outpatients and inpatients at all health facilities using standardised criteria for referral. Clinicians then applied criteria for patient investigation. We defined IPD as a compatible illness with isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or pleural fluid). We compared disease incidence between baseline (May 12, 2008–May 11, 2010) and post-vaccine years (2016–2017), in children aged 2 months to 14 years, adjusting for changes in case ascertainment over time. Findings We identified 22 728 patients for investigation and detected 342 cases of IPD and 2623 cases of radiological pneumonia. Among children aged 2–59 months, IPD incidence declined from 184 cases per 100 000 person-years to 38 cases per 100 000 person-years, an 80% reduction (95% CI 69–87). Non-pneumococcal bacteraemia incidence did not change significantly over time (incidence rate ratio 0·88; 95% CI, 0·64–1·21). We detected zero cases of vaccine-type IPD in the 2–11 month age group in 2016–17. Incidence of radiological pneumonia decreased by 33% (95% CI 24–40), from 10·5 to 7·0 per 1000 person-years in the 2–59 month age group, while pneumonia hospitalisations declined by 27% (95% CI 22–31). In the 5–14 year age group, IPD incidence declined by 69% (95% CI −28 to 91) and radiological pneumonia by 27% (95% CI −5 to 49). Interpretation Routine introduction of PCV13 substantially reduced the incidence of childhood IPD and pneumonia in rural Gambia, including elimination of vaccine-type IPD in infants. Other low-income countries can expect substantial impact from the introduction of PCV13 using a schedule of three primary doses. Funding Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; UK Medical Research Council; Pfizer Ltd.
Published: 2021
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10. Effectiveness of HIV Stigma Interventions for Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) With and Without HIV in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Author: Terrika Barham, Leslie W Ross, Stephen A. Flores, Adrienne R. Herron, Cherie R. Rooks-Peck, Darrel H. Higa, William L. Jeffries, Christa Denard, Julia B DeLuca, Megan E Wichser, Jayleen K L Gunn, and Donna Hubbard McCree
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Social Psychology, Social Stigma, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Stigma (botany), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Men who have sex with men, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Homosexuality, Male, Unsafe Sex, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, United States, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, Female, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Stigma may contribute to HIV disparities for men who have sex with men (MSM). This systematic review quantified the effects of HIV stigma interventions for MSM on stigma and sex risk. We conducted a systematic search to identify US-based studies published between 2000 and June 2019 focused on HIV and MSM, and either measured stigma pre-post or included a stigma intervention component. Twenty-nine articles, representing 26 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Random effect models showed no intervention effect for reducing stigma and a non-significant increase in HIV testing. Significant decreases in condomless sex with males, condomless sex with females, and substance-influenced sex were found. Few intervention studies measured stigma pre-post. Findings suggest that including a stigma reduction component in interventions can improve HIV testing and reduce sex risk for MSM. Developing interventions to address stigma may be important in decreasing HIV infection among MSM and ending the HIV epidemic.
Published: 2021
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11. The effect of acute and repeated ischemic preconditioning on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage

Author: William Page, Moacir Marocolo, Rachael Swan, Mark Waldron, Stephen D. Patterson, and Owen Jeffries
Subjects: Adult, Male, Competitive Behavior, Ischemia, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Isometric exercise, Muscle damage, Vascular occlusion, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Isometric Contraction, parasitic diseases, Delayed onset muscle soreness, medicine, Edema, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Ischemic Preconditioning, Muscle, Skeletal, Creatine Kinase, Exercise, biology, business.industry, Myalgia, Recovery of Function, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, Regional Blood Flow, Anesthesia, biology.protein, Ischemic preconditioning, Creatine kinase, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to determine if acute or repeated applications of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could enhance the recovery process, following exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD).Randomized control trial.Twenty-three healthy males were familiarised with the muscle damaging protocol (five sets of 20 drop jumps from a 0.6 m box) and randomly allocated to one of three groups: SHAM (3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg), Acute IPC (3 × 5 min at 220 mmHg) and Repeated IPC (3 days x 3 × 5 min at 220 mmHg). The indices of muscle damage measured included creatine kinase concentration ([CK]), thigh swelling, delayed onset muscle soreness, counter movement jumps (CMJ) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).Both acute and repeated IPC improved recovery in MVIC versus SHAM. Repeated IPC led to a faster MVIC recovery at 48 h (101.5%) relative to acute IPC (92.6%) and SHAM (84.4%) (P 0.05). Less swelling was found for both acute and repeated IPC vs. SHAM (P 0.05) but no group effects were found for CMJ, soreness or [CK] responses (P 0.05).Taken together, repeated IPC can enhance recovery time of MVIC more than an acute application, and both reduce swelling following EIMD, relative to a SHAM condition.
Published: 2021
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12. Predictive Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters in Ambulatory Advanced Heart Failure

Author: Keith D. Aaronson, Anuradha Lala, Cathie Spino, Donna M. Mancini, Shokoufeh Khalatbari, Revival Investigators, Blair Richards, Neal Jeffries, Keyur B. Shah, Maryse Palardy, Douglas L. Mann, J. Timothy Baldwin, David E. Lanfear, Jennifer T. Thibodeau, Wendy C. Taddei-Peters, Amrut V. Ambardekar, Garrick C. Stewart, and Dennis M. McNamara
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anaerobic Threshold, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Oxygen Consumption, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Heart Failure, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Predictive value, Transplantation, Heart failure, Ambulatory, Circulatory system, Exercise Test, Cardiology, Heart-Assist Devices, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Anaerobic exercise, Heart Failure, Systolic
Abstract: Objectives This study sought to determine cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) predictors of the combined outcome of durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS), transplantation, or death at 1 year among patients with ambulatory advanced heart failure (HF). Background Optimal CPX predictors of outcomes in contemporary ambulatory advanced HF patients are unclear. Methods REVIVAL (Registry Evaluation of Vital Information for ventricular assist devices [VADs] in Ambulatory Life) enrolled 400 systolic HF patients, INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) profiles 4-7. CPX was performed by 273 subjects 2 ± 1 months after study enrollment. Discriminative power of maximal (peak oxygen consumption [peak V O 2]; V O 2 pulse, circulatory power [CP]; peak systolic blood pressure • peak V O 2], peak end-tidal pressure C O 2 [PEtC O 2], and peak Borg scale score) and submaximal CPX parameters (ventilatory efficiency [VE/VC O 2 slope]; V O 2 at anaerobic threshold [V O 2AT]; and oxygen uptake efficiency slope [OUES]) to predict the composite outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression and Harrell’s concordance statistic. Results At 1 year, there were 39 events (6 transplants, 15 deaths, 18 MCS implantations). Peak V O 2, V O 2AT, OUES, peak PEtCO2, and CP were higher in the no-event group (all p Conclusions Among patients with ambulatory advanced HF, the strongest maximal and submaximal CPX predictor of MCS implantation, transplantation, or death at 1 year were CP and VE/VCO2, respectively. The patient-reported measure of exercise effort (Borg scale score) contributed substantially to the prediction of outcomes, a surprising and novel finding that warrants further investigation. (Registry Evaluation of Vital Information for VADs in Ambulatory Life [REVIVAL]; NCT01369407 )
Published: 2021
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13. A multiomics approach to identify host-microbe alterations associated with infection severity in diabetic foot infections: a pilot study

Author: Matthew Malone, Tim J Peters, Honghua Hu, Thomas C. Jeffries, Fatemah Sadeghpour-Heravi, Hugh G Dickson, Saskia Schwarzer, Karen Vickery, Michael Radzieta, and Slade O. Jensen
Subjects: Male, Staphylococcus aureus, Virulence Factors, Virulence, Pilot Projects, Inflammation, Muscle Development, medicine.disease_cause, Severity of Illness Index, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Article, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene expression, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Clinical microbiology, Gene, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Wound Healing, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, Coinfection, Sequence Analysis, RNA, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Streptococcus, Gene Expression Profiling, QR100-130, Acute-phase protein, Bacteriology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Diabetic Foot, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Female, Metagenomics, Microbiome, medicine.symptom, business, Wound healing, Microbial genetics, Biotechnology
Abstract: Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a major cause of hospitalization and can lead to lower extremity amputation. In this pilot study, we used a multiomics approach to explore the host–microbe complex within DFIs. We observed minimal differences in the overall microbial composition between PEDIS infection severities, however Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus genera were abundant and highly active in most mild to moderate DFIs. Further, we identified the significant enrichment of several virulence factors associated with infection pathogenicity belonging to both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. In severe DFIs, patients demonstrated a greater microbial diversity and differential gene expression demonstrated the enrichment of multispecies virulence genes suggestive of a complex polymicrobial infection. The host response in patients with severe DFIs was also significantly different as compared to mild to moderate DFIs. This was attributed to the enrichment of host genes associated with inflammation, acute phase response, cell stress and broad immune-related responses, while those associated with wound healing and myogenesis were significantly depleted.
Published: 2021

14. 'Monsters Are Coming!': Learning Literacy and Playing Games

Author: Michelle Jeffries and Annette Woods
Subjects: business.industry, Publishing, media_common.quotation_subject, Media studies, Sociology, business, Publication, Literacy, Education, media_common
Abstract: Background/Context There are recent trends of bringing highly defined, teacher-directed pedagogies into early-childhood contexts in Australia, the United States. and other Western contexts. While the justification for these moves is often the improvement of outcomes for young children, they ignore the large body of research that attests to the social, emotional, and academic benefits of children having time to play and to experience educational programs founded in play-based pedagogies. Focus of the study In this study, we were interested in considering how young children name their worlds in education contexts in which literacies and sustainability education are brought together as educational concepts. This article reports on the playing of one game over time and considers the opportunities that were created by the playing of the game and the competence of the young children in using the game to collaborate, to learn literacy, and to make spaces for other everyday business together. Setting The fieldwork which produced the data for this article involved two researchers attending a suburban Australian early-childhood education context regularly for one year. Participants The children and educators of the center were engaged in an approved program, in the year before school starts within Australian requirements. Therefore the children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years. Research design This article reports on a qualitative study of one class of young children and their educators. Data were collected during fieldwork visits over a period of one year. We observed the children's engagement in outdoor play, collecting data in the form of short video recordings, still images, field notes, and texts produced by the children. Conclusions Our analysis provides evidence that children can demonstrate competent understandings of how language, bodies, movement, and space position themselves and others. The children involved competently collaborated and used language and texts to get along and to sustain a game over many months. They were only able to achieve this because they were given space to play, to own and govern spaces of play, and to problem-solve together as issues arose. The opportunity to direct themselves and their friends was vital as they developed respectful language and literacy practices.
Published: 2021
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15. Abstract PD5-10: Mutational burden of the normal breast during age and pregnancy

Author: Philip Carter, Justin Stebbing, Alicia Rose Jeffries-Jones, Lisa Del Bel Belluz, Biancastella Cereser, Angela Yiu, Cristian Miere, Sladjana Zagorac, and Neha Tabassum
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Stromal cell, business.industry, Mammary gland, Cancer, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Breast cancer, Stroma, Internal medicine, medicine, Cancer risk, business, Normal breast
Abstract: Background: The potential for accumulation of somatic mutations in the healthy breast throughout life and pregnancy is poorly understood. In particular, the unique mutational landscape of both epithelial and stromal components of the mammary gland has not been investigated in depth. As cancer risk correlates with both age, age of first-time pregnancy and other factors including pregnancy itself, we wished to study mutational rate over time, using these landmarks. Methods: Here, using whole genome sequencing, we determined how the rate of mutations in both cancer drivers and passenger mutations are affected by both age and pregnancy. We aimed to describe for the first time how the mammary epithelium and stroma differ in their mutational burden. Results: Our analysis of epithelial and stromal laser-capture micro-dissected DNA from 25 normal breast samples of nulliparous and age-matched early- and late-parous women collected from Komen Tissue Bank, University of Indiana, shows that the mammary gland is characterised by known COSMIC signatures SBS1 and SBS5, both of which correlate with age (p Citation Format: Biancastella Cereser, Neha Tabassum, Lisa Del Bel Belluz, Sladjana Zagorac, Angela Yiu, Philip Carter, Cristian Miere, Alicia R Jeffries-Jones, Justin Stebbing. Mutational burden of the normal breast during age and pregnancy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-10.
Published: 2021
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16. Non‐myeloablative human leukocyte antigen‐matched related donor transplantation in sickle cell disease: outcomes from three independent centres

Author: Damiano Rondelli, Moussab Damlaj, Matthew M. Hsieh, Avani Singh, Bader Alahmari, Mohsen Alzahrani, Neal Jeffries, John F. Tisdale, and Santosh L. Saraf
Subjects: Adult, Graft Rejection, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Myeloid, Adolescent, Platelet Engraftment, medicine.medical_treatment, Graft vs Host Disease, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary function testing, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, 0302 clinical medicine, HLA Antigens, Internal medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Medicine, Child, Alemtuzumab, Sirolimus, business.industry, Graft Survival, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunosuppression, Hematology, Middle Aged, Total body irradiation, Tissue Donors, Transplantation, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Non-myeloablative haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) from matched related donors (MRD) has been increasingly utilized in sickle cell disease (SCD). A total of 122 patients received 300 cGy of total body irradiation (TBI), alemtuzumab, unmanipulated filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood HPC and sirolimus. The median follow-up was four years; median age at HPCT was 29 years. Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred on day 22 and 19 respectively; 41 patients required no platelet transfusions. Overall and sickle-free survival at one and five years were 93% and 85% respectively. Age, sex, pre-HPCT sickle complications, ferritin and infused HPC numbers were similar between graft failure and engrafted patients. Mean donor myeloid chimaerism at one and five years post HPCT were 84% and 88%, and CD3 was 48% and 53% respectively. Two patients developed grade 1 and 2 skin graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with no chronic GVHD. Median days of recipients taking immunosuppression were 489; 83% of engrafted patients have discontinued immunosuppression. Haemoglobin, haemolytic parameters and hepatic iron levels improved post HPCT. Pulmonary function testing, hepatic histology and neurovascular imaging remained stable, suggesting cessation of further sickle-related injury. Fourteen patients had children. In this largest group of adult SCD patients, this regimen was highly efficacious, well-tolerated despite compromised organ functions pre HPCT, and without clinically significant GVHD.
Published: 2021
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17. Progression of Tricuspid Regurgitation After Surgery for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Author: Philippe B. Bertrand, Jessica R. Overbey, Xin Zeng, Robert A. Levine, Gorav Ailawadi, Michael A. Acker, Peter K. Smith, Vinod H. Thourani, Emilia Bagiella, Marissa A. Miller, Lopa Gupta, Michael J. Mack, A. Marc Gillinov, Gennaro Giustino, Alan J. Moskowitz, Annetine C. Gelijns, Michael E. Bowdish, Patrick T. O’Gara, James S. Gammie, Judy Hung, Wendy C. Taddei-Peters, Dennis Buxton, Ron Caulder, Nancy L. Geller, David Gordon, Neal O. Jeffries, Albert Lee, Claudia S. Moy, Ilana Kogan Gombos, Jennifer Ralph, Richard D. Weisel, Timothy J. Gardner, Eric A. Rose, Michael K. Parides, Deborah D. Ascheim, Ellen Moquete, Helena Chang, Melissa Chase, James Foo, Yingchun Chen, Seth Goldfarb, Katherine Kirkwood, Edlira Dobrev, Ron Levitan, Karen O’Sullivan, Jessica Overbey, Milerva Santos, Deborah Williams, Michael Weglinski, Paula Williams, Carrie Wood, Xia Ye, Sten Lyager Nielsen, Henrik Wiggers, Henning Malgaard, Michael Mack, Tracine Adame, Natalie Settele, Jenny Adams, William Ryan, Robert L. Smith, Paul Grayburn, Frederick Y. Chen, Anju Nohria, Lawrence Cohn, Prem Shekar, Sary Aranki, Gregory Couper, Michael Davidson, R. Morton Bolman, Anne Burgess, Debra Conboy, Rita Lawrence, Nicolas Noiseux, Louis-Mathieu Stevens, Ignacio Prieto, Fadi Basile, Joannie Dionne, Julie Fecteau, Eugene H. Blackstone, Pamela Lackner, Leoma Berroteran, Diana Dolney, Suzanne Fleming, Roberta Palumbo, Christine Whitman, Kathy Sankovic, Denise Kosty Sweeney, Carrie Geither, Kristen Doud, Gregory Pattakos, Pamela A. Clarke, Michael Argenziano, Mathew Williams, Lyn Goldsmith, Craig R. Smith, Yoshifumi Naka, Allan Stewart, Allan Schwartz, Daniel Bell, Danielle Van Patten, Sowmya Sreekanth, John H. Alexander, Carmelo A. Milano, Donald D. Glower, Joseph P. Mathew, J. Kevin Harrison, Stacey Welsh, Mark F. Berry, Cyrus J. Parsa, Betty C. Tong, Judson B. Williams, T. Bruce Ferguson, Alan P. Kypson, Evelio Rodriguez, Malissa Harris, Brenda Akers, Allison O'Neal, John D. Puskas, Robert Guyton, Jefferson Baer, Kim Baio, Alexis A. Neill, Pierre Voisine, Mario Senechal, François Dagenais, Kim O’Connor, Gladys Dussault, Tatiana Ballivian, Suzanne Keilani, Alan M. Speir, Patrick Magee, Niv Ad, Sally Keyte, Minh Dang, Mark Slaughter, Marsha Headlee, Heather Moody, Naresh Solankhi, Emma Birks, Mark A. Groh, Leslie E. Shell, Stephanie A. Shepard, Benjamin H. Trichon, Tracy Nanney, Lynne C. Hampton, Ralph Mangusan, Robert E. Michler, David A. D'Alessandro, Joseph J. DeRose, Daniel J. Goldstein, Ricardo Bello, William Jakobleff, Mario Garcia, Cynthia Taub, Daniel Spevak, Roger Swayze, Nadia Sookraj, Louis P. Perrault, Arsène-Joseph Basmadjian, Denis Bouchard, Michel Carrier, Raymond Cartier, Michel Pellerin, Jean François Tanguay, Ismail El-Hamamsy, André Denault, Philippe Demers, Sophie Robichaud Jonathan Lacharité, Keith A. Horvath, Philip C. Corcoran, Michael P. Siegenthaler, Mandy Murphy, Margaret Iraola, Ann Greenberg, Chittoor Sai-Sudhakar, Ayseha Hasan, Asia McDavid, Bradley Kinn, Pierre Pagé, Carole Sirois, David Latter, Howard Leong-Poi, Daniel Bonneau, Lee Errett, Mark D. Peterson, Subodh Verma, Randi Feder-Elituv, Gideon Cohen, Campbell Joyner, Stephen E. Fremes, Fuad Moussa, George Christakis, Reena Karkhanis, Terry Yau, Michael Farkouh, Anna Woo, Robert James Cusimano, Tirone David, Christopher Feindel, Lisa Garrard, Suzanne Fredericks, Amelia Mociornita, John C. Mullen, Jonathan Choy, Steven Meyer, Emily Kuurstra, Cindi A. Young, Dana Beach, Robert Villanueva, Pavan Atluri, Y. Joseph Woo, Mary Lou Mayer, Michael Bowdish, Vaughn A. Starnes, David Shavalle, Ray Matthews, Shadi Javadifar, Linda Romar, Irving L. Kron, Karen Johnston, John M. Dent, John Kern, Jessica Keim, Sandra Burks, Kim Gahring, David A. Bull, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Dennis O. Dixon, Mark Haigney, Richard Holubkov, Alice Jacobs, Frank Miller, John M. Murkin, John Spertus, Andrew S. Wechsler, Frank Sellke, Cheryl L. McDonald, Robert Byington, Neal Dickert, John S. Ikonomidis, David O. Williams, Clyde W. Yancy, James C. Fang, Nadia Giannetti, Wayne Richenbacher, Vivek Rao, Karen L. Furie, Rachel Miller, Sean Pinney, William C. Roberts, Mary N. Walsh, Niamh Kilcullen, David Hung, Stephen J. Keteyian, Clinton A. Brawner, Heather Aldred, Jeffrey Browndyke, and Yanne Toulgoat-Dubois
Subjects: Male, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Aged, Heart Failure, Mitral valve repair, business.industry, Area under the curve, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency, Defibrillators, Implantable, Surgery, Hospitalization, Echocardiography, Heart failure, Disease Progression, Female, Tricuspid Valve, Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Mitral valve regurgitation, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Whether to repair nonsevere tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during surgery for ischemic mitral valve regurgitation (IMR) remains uncertain.The goal of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors, and clinical significance of TR progression and presence of ≥moderate TR after IMR surgery.Patients (n = 492) with untreated nonsevere TR within 2 prospectively randomized IMR trials were included. Key outcomes were TR progression (either progression by ≥2 grades, surgery for TR, or severe TR at 2 years) and presence of ≥moderate TR at 2 years.Patients' mean age was 66 ± 10 years (67% male), and TR distribution was 60% ≤trace, 31% mild, and 9% moderate. Among 2-year survivors, TR progression occurred in 20 (6%) of 325 patients. Baseline tricuspid annular diameter (TAD) was not predictive of TR progression. At 2 years, 37 (11%) of 323 patients had ≥moderate TR. Baseline TR grade, indexed TAD, and surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation were independent predictors of ≥moderate TR. However, TAD alone had poor discrimination (area under the curve, ≤0.65). Presence of ≥moderate TR at 2 years was higher in patients with MR recurrence (20% vs. 9%; p = 0.02) and a permanent pacemaker/defibrillator (19% vs. 9%; p = 0.01). Clinical event rates (composite of ≥1 New York Heart Association functional class increase, heart failure hospitalization, mitral valve surgery, and stroke) were higher in patients with TR progression (55% vs. 23%; p = 0.003) and ≥moderate TR at 2 years (38% vs. 22%; p = 0.04).After IMR surgery, progression of unrepaired nonsevere TR is uncommon. Baseline TAD is not predictive of TR progression and is poorly discriminative of ≥moderate TR at 2 years. TR progression and presence of ≥moderate TR are associated with clinical events. (Comparing the Effectiveness of a Mitral Valve Repair Procedure in Combination With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting [CABG] Versus CABG Alone in People With Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation, NCT00806988; Comparing the Effectiveness of Repairing Versus Replacing the Heart's Mitral Valve in People With Severe Chronic Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation, NCT00807040).
Published: 2021
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18. Using a Resident-Led School Outreach Program to Improve Knowledge of All-Terrain Vehicle Safety

Author: Kathy Monroe, Michele Nichols, Gerene M. Denning, Charles A. Jennissen, Nipam Shah, Julie Farmer, Kristyn Jeffries, and A Reid Burks
Subjects: Male, Program evaluation, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Surveillance data, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, Demographics, Safety knowledge, Accident Prevention, Age groups, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Off-Road Motor Vehicles, Child, Students, School Health Services, Schools, business.industry, Accidents, Traffic, General Medicine, Emergency department, Community-Institutional Relations, Outreach, All terrain vehicle, Family medicine, Alabama, Female, Head Protective Devices, business, human activities, Program Evaluation
Abstract: Background During the past decade, all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries treated in US emergency departments decreased by 33%, down to approximately 100,000 injuries in 2016. In comparison, the number of children evaluated for ATV injuries in the Children's of Alabama emergency department more than doubled between 2006 and 2016, counter to the national trend. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines state that ATV operators should be at least 16 years old; however, children younger than 16 continue to represent almost one-third of all ATV-related injuries nationwide, and nearly all of the injuries to children in Alabama. Methods Using surveillance data from the Children's of Alabama hospital electronic medical record database, several Alabama counties near Birmingham were identified as having an increased number of children with ATV-related injuries in 2016. The Safety Tips for ATV Riders (STARs) program, developed in Iowa, was provided to middle school students in these counties by pediatric residents. Surveys were anonymously administered to children before and after the program and included information about demographics, knowledge of safe ATV practices, and the likelihood of using the education afterward. Results In total, 525 students participated in January 2019; their ages ranged from 11 to 15 years and the proportion of males and females was equivalent. More than 50% of the children reported riding ATVs in the last 12 months, and of these riders, 47% reported never wearing a helmet when riding. Initially, only 20% of the overall participants knew ATVs were not intended for passengers, 20% knew the recommended engine size for their age, and 57% knew that Alabama law prohibits riding on public roads. After education, this increased to 91%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. Before the STARs program, only 6% knew all three correct answers, whereas 80% answered all of the questions correctly on the postprogram survey. After the program, 34% reported they were very likely/likely to use this information in the future. Conclusions The STARs program dramatically improved short-term ATV safety knowledge, and many participants reported they were likely to subsequently use the safe practices presented. School-based programs, such as STARs, may help increase ATV safety awareness and change behaviors in high-risk age groups. This training may be successfully provided by various motivated individuals, including medical residents.
Published: 2021
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19. Celebrating Comet's 25 years of providing innovative education and training

Author: Johnson, Victoria, Jeffries, Richard, Byrd, Greg, Schreiber-Abshire, Wendy, Page, Elizabeth, Muller, Bruce, and Alberta, Tim
Subjects: United States. National Weather Service -- Training, United States. National Center for Atmospheric Research -- Training, Professional development, Distance education, Weather, Business, Earth sciences, World Meteorological Organization -- Training
Abstract: The Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (COMET)'s mission when it began in 1990 was to deliver professional development opportunities to U.S. government forecasters during the National Weather [...]
Published: 2015
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20. Outcomes of Assertive Community Treatment for Adolescents with Complex Mental Health Problems Who are Difficult to Engage

Author: Kerry Blackman, Narelle Raeburn, Michael F. X. Daubney, Karyn L. Healy, and Holly Jeffries
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, business.industry, Assertive community treatment, 05 social sciences, Poison control, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Mental health, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Health care, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Life-span and Life-course Studies, business, Psychology, Psychiatry, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Assertive community treatment (ACT) is a well-established treatment for adults with mental illness and has an emerging evidence base for improving mental health outcomes for adolescents. Recent studies have utilized ACT with adolescents who are difficult to engage through traditional psychiatric services. The Assertive Mobile Youth Outreach Service (AMYOS) of Children’s Health Queensland in Australia provides ACT for families of adolescents with severe and persistent mental health problems, who have been unable to engage successfully through the standard mental health support services provided by community clinics. AMYOS clinicians work flexibly to engage adolescents in an individualized plan aimed at reducing risk of harm, supporting recovery, improving overall functioning, and engagement with education and vocational pathways. This study reports outcomes for adolescents involved in the first five years of the AMYOS program. Overall, there were significant improvements over time on questionnaires of global functioning, perceived suicidality, hostility and a wide range of mental health problems, as rated by clinicians and families. There were also significant reductions in average monthly duration and number of hospital admissions during AMYOS treatment compared with 12 months prior to referral. Increases in visits to Emergency Department during treatment did not translate into hospitalization, suggesting adolescents were better monitored when at-risk. There was also increased engagement in school and standard healthcare. This provides further evidence that provision of assertive community treatment is associated with improved mental health outcomes for at-risk adolescents. Future research could include comparison groups and investigate possible mechanisms for change.
Published: 2021
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21. Automatic Timer Based Corporation Water Supply with GSM Alert and Algae Prevention System

Author: Malaviga Senthilprabu, Dhana sekara, Raja Kavya S, Meeradevi T, S. Ramesh, and Allen Jeffries
Subjects: Algae, biology, business.industry, GSM, Water supply, Environmental science, Timer, biology.organism_classification, business, Telecommunications, Corporation
Abstract: Water is being a basic necessity for the existence of life on this planet. In the existing system, water management system exists with a supply of water from panchayat to a group of people or village in a particular time period which is unknown and therefore it may cause a discomfort for the people to get water if they are unavailable at that time. In the proposed system, it aims to develop a water management system in which an automatic GSM alert is used to intimate the time of supply of water to a particular region priory and also an ultrasonic algae prevention system is attached with it the main tank to prevent the algae formation. In the part of automatic GSM alert, the water supply will be notified to an individual through their mobile which makes them aware of time of supply and avoids the limitations of the existing system. Ultrasonic algae prevention system is based on the proven fact that ultrasonic braves prevents the formation of molecules from an atom which is the major reason for the algae formation in tank so that ultrasonic sensor is used to pass waves at regular intervals to avoid formation of algae in the water tank
Published: 2020
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22. An Exploration of Five Stages in Faculty Retirement Decision Making

Author: Beverlee B. Anderson, Janet E. McDaniel, and Jennifer Jeffries
Subjects: 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, 050211 marketing, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Business, Decision process, Marketing, 050105 experimental psychology
Abstract: Humans make thousands of decisions each day. Most of the decisions we make are trivial or relatively unimportant in possible consequences. However, there are a few decisions we make in life that are lifechanging; one of those is the decision to retire from the professoriate. Voluntarily deciding to leave a profession where one has spent a substantial portion of one’s working life is one of life’s major decisions. This qualitative research looks at the various influences, actions, and feelings through the process of deciding to retire. Using a five-stage cognitive decision-process model as a framework, this paper reports on the reflections of 20 recent retirees over the five stages of the decision process from when first seriously considering the decision to postretirement activities and feelings. The results show that while all faculty progressed through the five stages, the timeframe, influences, feelings, and actions were unique to each individual.
Published: 2020
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23. Gender Centers in Higher Education

Author: Ashley S. Boyd and Matthew S. Jeffries
Subjects: Higher education, business.industry, Sociology, business, Demography
Published: 2020
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24. Retrospective evaluation of the use of the International Myeloma Working Group response criteria in dogs with secretory multiple myeloma

Author: Paul R. Avery, Kate Vickery, Christina Jeffries, Adam Harris, and A Russell Moore
Subjects: Immunofixation, medicine.medical_specialty, Globulin, 040301 veterinary sciences, Myeloma protein, canine, Standard Article, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dogs, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Dog Diseases, M‐protein, Multiple myeloma, Retrospective Studies, Radial immunodiffusion, General Veterinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, immunofixation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, Standard Articles, Log-rank test, Oncology, Serum protein electrophoresis, electrophoresis, biology.protein, SMALL ANIMAL, business, Multiple Myeloma, Progressive disease
Abstract: Background Current recommendations for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in humans with multiple myeloma include evaluation of serum paraprotein (M-protein) concentration. Densitometry, species-specific radial immunodiffusion (RID) and ELISA methods can be used to quantify M-proteins. Objective Retrospectively evaluate use of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) response criteria for humans in dogs with multiple myeloma. Animals Sixteen dogs with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, M-protein documented by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation (IF) in an initial sample and subsequent electrophoretic evaluation of serial samples. Methods Retrospectively, densitometric M-proteins, RID and globulins were measured and characterized according to IMWG criteria. Available clinical history was reviewed. Overall survival time (OST) was calculated from initial electrophoretic evaluation to death or last contact. Results All cases received some form of nonstandardized chemotherapy. Complete response (CR), a lack of detectable M-protein by SPE and IF, was documented in 1 case. Median survival was longer for dogs that attained ≥90% densitometric M-protein reduction (630 days) than for those that did not attain at least 50% reduction in densitometric M-protein (284 days; log rank P = .006). Five dogs were defined as having progressive disease (M-protein increase of >25% and at least 0.5 g/dL from nadir), which correlated with concurrent or subsequent clinical deterioration. Response criteria categorized by serum globulins or RID was not correlated with OST or clinical findings. Conclusions and clinical importance Densitometric M-protein characterized using IMWG response criteria correlated with OST and clinical findings. Densitometric M-protein detection should be used to monitor dogs with multiple myeloma.
Published: 2020

25. Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions and Malignancy-Related Ascites

Author: Thuong G. Van Ha, James Jeffries, Matthew Gayed, and Rakesh Navuluri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MEDLINE, Malignancy, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Text mining, Internal medicine, Ascites, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020
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26. Renal Artery Embolization for Neoplastic Conditions

Author: Thuong G. Van Ha, James Jeffries, and Alex Lionberg
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, business.industry, MEDLINE, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Renal artery embolization, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020
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27. Trends in Diagnosis of HIV Infection, Linkage to Medical Care, and Viral Suppression Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, by Race/Ethnicity and Age — 33 Jurisdictions, United States, 2014–2018

Author: Andre Dailey, Chan Jin, Jarvis W. Carter, Lamont Scales, and William L. Jeffries
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health (social science), Adolescent, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Medical care, Men who have sex with men, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Distribution, Health Information Management, Ethnicity, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral suppression, Homosexuality, Full Report, 0101 mathematics, Young adult, Homosexuality, Male, media_common, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, Racial Groups, virus diseases, General Medicine, Hispanic or Latino, Continuity of Patient Care, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Confidence interval, United States, Black or African American, business, Viral load, Demography
Abstract: During 2018, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 69.4% of all diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States (1). Moreover, in all 42 jurisdictions with complete laboratory reporting of CD4 and viral load results,* percentages of MSM linked to care within 1 month (80.8%) and virally suppressed (viral load
Published: 2020

28. The latest <scp>FADS</scp> : Functional analysis of <scp> GLDN </scp> patient variants and classification of <scp> GLDN </scp> ‐associated <scp>AMC</scp> as a type of viable fetal akinesia deformation sequence

Author: Emily K Mis, Mustafa K. Khokha, Weizhen Ji, Lauren Jeffries, Saquib A. Lakhani, Monica Konstantino, Michele Spencer-Manzon, and Samir Al-Ali
Subjects: Pulmonary hypoplasia, Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, Fetal akinesia deformation sequence, business.industry, Genetics, Medicine, business, Pathogenicity, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Functional analysis (psychology), Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Recessive variants in the GLDN gene, which encodes the gliomedin protein and is involved in nervous system development, have recently been associated with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC), a heterogenous condition characterized by congenital contractures of more than one joint. Two cohorts of patients with GLDN-associated AMC have previously been described, evolving the understanding of the condition from lethal to survivable with the provision of significant neonatal support. Here, we describe one additional patient currently living with the syndrome, having one novel variant, p.Leu365Phe, for which we provide functional data supporting its pathogenicity. We additionally provide experimental data for four other previously reported variants lacking functional evidence, including p.Arg393Lys, the second variant present in our patient. We discuss unique and defining clinical features, adding calcium-related findings which appear to be recurrent in the GLDN cohort. Finally, we compare all previously reported patients and draw new conclusions about scope of illness, with emphasis on the finding of pulmonary hypoplasia, suggesting that AMC secondary to GLDN variants may be best fitted under the umbrella of fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS).
Published: 2020
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29. Validation of the bag‐mediated filtration system for environmental surveillance of poliovirus in Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Angela Coulliette-Salmond, Benlick Mwangi, Christine S. Fagnant-Sperati, Everardo Vega, Fhatuwani B. Ngwana, Marianne Wolfaardt, Y Ren, R Nzunza, S Jeffries-Miles, A Chepkurui, John Scott Meschke, David S. Boyle, Alexandra L. Kossik, Evans Komen, Peter Borus, Jeffry H. Shirai, Maureen B. Taylor, Nicola K. Beck, Peter N. Matsapola, Nicolette A. Zhou, W.B. Van Zyl, James Nyangao, Joanne Hassan, Silvia Peñaranda, and Cara C. Burns
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, environmental surveillance, Serogroup, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 03 medical and health sciences, Public Health/Clinical Microbiology, medicine, Humans, Diagnostic screening, wastewater, 030304 developmental biology, filtration, 0303 health sciences, poliovirus, Sewage, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Environmental surveillance, Poliovirus, ViroCap, Oral polio vaccine, Original Articles, General Medicine, Kenya, enteric viruses, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Separation method, Original Article, business, Environmental Monitoring, Poliomyelitis, Biotechnology
Abstract: Aims This study compared the bag‐mediated filtration system (BMFS) and standard WHO two‐phase separation methods for poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, examined factors impacting PV detection and monitored Sabin‐like (SL) PV type 2 presence with withdrawal of oral polio vaccine type 2 (OPV2) in April 2016. Methods and Results Environmental samples were collected in Nairobi, Kenya (Sept 2015–Feb 2017), concentrated via BMFS and two‐phase separation methods, then assayed using the WHO PV isolation algorithm and intratypic differentiation diagnostic screening kit. SL1, SL2 and SL3 were detected at higher rates in BMFS than two‐phase samples (P 0·05), while SL3 was detected less frequently with higher shipment temperatures (P = 0·027). SL2 was detected more frequently before OPV2 withdrawal in BMFS and two‐phase samples (P
Published: 2020
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30. Diverse perspectives on death, disability, and quality of life: an exploratory study of racial differences in periviable decision-making

Author: Erin Jeffries, Tatiana Laitano, Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds, Shannon Jager, Karen Kavanaugh, and Shelley M. Hoffman
Subjects: Coping (psychology), Culturally tailored, Recall, business.industry, MEDLINE, Exploratory research, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Content analysis, 030225 pediatrics, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, Racial differences, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract: To qualitatively explore perceptions of pain/suffering, disability, and coping by race among pregnant women facing the threat of a periviable delivery (22 0/7–24 6/7 weeks). Interviews were conducted in-hospital prior to delivery. Transcripts were coded verbatim and responses were stratified by race (white vs non-white). Conventional content analysis was conducted using NVivo 12. We recruited 30 women (50% white, 50% non-white). Most women expressed love and acceptance of their babies and described pain as a “means to an end.” Non-white women focused almost exclusively on immediate survival and perseverance, while white women expressed concerns about quality of life beyond the NICU. The majority of non-white women were unable to recall any discussions with their doctors about their baby’s comfort, pain, or suffering. These findings may suggest that culturally tailored approaches to counseling and decision-support may be beneficial for patients from marginalized or minoritized groups.
Published: 2020
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31. An Emerging Framework for the EdD Activist

Author: Christopher Bogiages, Yasha Jones Becton, Todd Lilly, Suha R. Tamim, Elizabeth Currin, Leigh Kale D’Amico, and Rhonda Jeffries
Subjects: South carolina, lcsh:LC8-6691, lcsh:Special aspects of education, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, graduate students, Public relations, Social justice, activism, Work (electrical), Graduate students, Political science, social justice, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Quality (business), Construct (philosophy), business, media_common, Theme (narrative)
Abstract: Increasingly, Ed.D. programs are challenged to produce graduates with the skills and expertise needed to create and foster change in the various educational environments in which they serve. Promoting, and more importantly, preparing the Ed.D. Activist is a theme that was addressed during the October 2019 convening of the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) hosted by the University of South Carolina. As part of the opening convening, the U of SC faculty assisted with surveying the more than 65 CPED-informed programs in an effort to construct a potential framework to guide both new and existing programs within the consortium. The resulting framework highlights two potential profiles for the Ed.D. Activist, 12 considerations that programs should examine, four primary outcomes, and five quality indicators. The framework is representative of the data collected from more than 200 participants and provides a broad, but foundational framework for engaging more deeply in the work of promoting activism amongst Ed.D. graduates.
Published: 2020
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32. Computer Algorithm‐Based Hydroxyurea Dosing Facilitates Titration to Maximum Tolerated Dose in Sickle Cell Anemia

Author: Mahogany Oldham, Neal Jeffries, Mihailo Kaplarevic, Staci Martin, Matthew M. Hsieh, Kamille A. West, Purevdorj B. Olkhanud, Mary Jackson, Simone Hargrett, Cameron Fisher, Courtney D. Fitzhugh, Dachelle Johnson, Corinne A. Pittman, and Anna Conrey
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Maximum Tolerated Dose, Urology, Renal function, Pilot Projects, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Kidney Function Tests, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Article, Hemoglobins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Liver Function Tests, Antisickling Agents, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Fetal hemoglobin, medicine, Humans, Hydroxyurea, Pharmacology (medical), Dosing, Pharmacology, Proteinuria, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Organ dysfunction, Hemodynamics, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, Computer algorithm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Maximum tolerated dose, Quality of Life, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Algorithms
Abstract: Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience acute and chronic complications and die prematurely. When taken at maximum tolerated dose (MTD), hydroxyurea prolongs survival; however, it has not consistently reversed organ dysfunction. Patients also frequently do not take hydroxyurea, at least in part because of physician discomfort with prescribing hydroxyurea. We sought to develop a computer program that could easily titrate hydroxyurea to MTD. This was a single-arm, open-label pilot study. Fifteen patients with homozygous SCD were enrolled in the protocol, and 10 patients were followed at baseline and then for 1 year after hydroxyurea initiation or dose titration. Fetal hemoglobin significantly increased in all 10 patients from 8.3% to 25.1% (P < .001). Nine patients were titrated to MTD in an average of 7.9 months, and the tenth patient's hydroxyurea dose was increased to 33 mg/kg/day. Computer program dosing recommendations were the same as manual dosing decisions made using the same algorithm for all patients and at all times. We also evaluated markers of cardiopulmonary, liver and renal damage. Although cardiopulmonary function did not significantly improve, direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels significantly decreased (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). Last, although kidney function did not improve, degree of proteinuria was significantly reduced (P < .05). We have developed a computer program that reliably titrates hydroxyurea to MTD. A larger study is indicated to test the program either as a computer program or a downloadable application.
Published: 2020
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33. Incidence and treatment of positive pelvic sidewall lymph nodes in patients with rectal cancer

Author: E Sams, R. J. Codd, J Jeffries, R W Radwan, W Coomer, Gethin Williams, G Taylor, M Gibby, James Horwood, and HG Jones
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Rectum, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Rectal Neoplasms, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Total mesorectal excision, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Dissection, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lymph Node Excision, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Lymph Nodes, Radiology, Lymph, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Abstract: Aim The involvement of pelvic sidewall (PSW) lymph nodes in rectal cancer is a marker of locally advanced disease and poor prognosis. Eastern countries generally advocate lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) over the Western approach of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and more limited surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate how these advanced cancers were treated in three UK Health Boards. Methodology This was a retrospective review of three colorectal multidisciplinary team meetings from 2008 to 2016. All patients with rectal cancer and suspicious PSW lymph nodes on pretreatment MRI were included. Results There were 153 (6.2%) patients who met the inclusion criteria from a total of 2461 diagnosed rectal cancers. There was significant variability between the three centres with surgical intervention ranging from 59.2% to 84.4%, P = 0.015. There were 81 patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery; of these 67 (82.7%) still had positive PSW nodes on the restaging MRI, but only 13 (19.4%) had LLND. There was no difference in local recurrence (15.3% vs 11.8%, P = 0.66), 5-year overall survival (69.2% vs 80.1%, P = 0.16) or 5-year disease-free survival (69.2% vs 79.4%, P = 0.72) between patients having LLND and those receiving standard neoadjuvant treatment followed by total mesorectal excision surgery. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that rectal cancer patients with PSW positive nodal disease have advanced disease, mostly of the lower rectum, and receive a highly heterogeneous spectrum of therapies, even within a relatively small geographical area. Greater accuracy in our preoperative staging is needed to select those patients who will benefit from LLND surgery.
Published: 2020
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34. Assessing river condition: A multiscale approach designed for operational application in the context of biodiversity net gain

Author: Lucy Shuker, Dave Gurnell, Judy England, Angela M. Gurnell, Geraldene Wharton, Richard Jeffries, and Sarah J. Scott
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Computer science, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, Land management, Context (language use), Habitat, Component (UML), Environmental Chemistry, Metric (unit), business, Strengths and weaknesses, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Riparian zone
Abstract: Assessments of river condition are needed to guide all aspects of river management. Such assessments have evolved over three decades from simply capturing the mosaic of river physical habitats to recognizing that habitat mosaics are dynamic, driven mainly by physical processes and modified by human (indirect) pressures and (direct) interventions. To embrace these broader aspects, riparian as well as in‐stream environments need to be evaluated, going beyond subjective assessments to incorporate observations that support understanding of both physical habitat structure and cause‐effect relationships. This paper reports on an operational approach to assessing the physical condition of rivers, which attempts to bridge the gap between a physical habitat and a geomorphic condition assessment. The approach forms part of Biodiversity Metric 2.0, a habitat‐based methodology for measuring and accounting for biodiversity losses and gains resulting from development or land management change at individual project sites across England. The river condition assessment component adopts a bottom‐up multi‐scale approach that integrates field observations of physical habitats and of features indicative of geomorphic processes to deliver assessments of longer subreaches, whose condition is then evaluated within the context of the reach‐scale geomorphological type of river. By applying the assessment before, immediately after, and following recovery from project implementation, changes in condition and their causes can be evaluated. The assessment method is presented to an international audience, outlining its structure, application and testing, and critically discussing its strengths and weaknesses, because the methodological approach could be helpful for devising methods for application in other environmental contexts.
Published: 2020
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35. Professor Hamlet’s dilemma: to retire or not to retire?

Author: Janet E. McDaniel, Beverlee B. Anderson, and Jennifer Jeffries
Subjects: 030214 geriatrics, business.industry, Human migration, Public relations, Tipping point (climatology), Dilemma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030502 gerontology, Public university, Research questions, Sociology, 0305 other medical science, business, Research question, Hamlet (place), University system
Abstract: PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to explore the experiences of tenured academic retirees and the decision-making process leading to their retirements. The inquiry addressed the research question, What were the factors that most influenced the decision to retire?Design/methodology/approachTwenty retirees from a public university were interviewed. The interview began with a multipart question about the variables that influenced the decision to retire – the positive and negative factors that “pushed against” and “pulled towards” retirement. The researchers coded the interviews, identifying common themes that contributed to responding to the research questions. Data analysis was done using the constant comparative procedure. The analysis interpreted the data to form three propositions to serve as prompts for further study.FindingsThree propositions addressed the participants' “tipping point” where retirement was more attractive than remaining employed, the relative importance of financial vs other factors and the strong role of familial/personal factors pulling toward retirement.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in a university system with contractual agreements on retirement policies and benefits and therefore might not be generalizable to dissimilar institutions. Three propositions form the basis for further research to validate. The new conception of “push” and “pull” factors can serve as a basis for future research.Practical implicationsDefined Phased Retirement Plans are recommended as a “win-win” for faculty members and the institution.Originality/valueThis paper reconceptualizes the definitions of push and pull factors in the literature on faculty retirement and enriches the understanding of the complex factors influencing the decision to retire.
Published: 2020
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36. Retrospectively assessed subjective effects of initial opioid use differ between opioid misusers with opioid use disorder (OUD) and those who never progressed to OUD: Data from a pilot and a replication sample

Author: Elliot C. Nelson, Vivia V. McCutcheon, Andrew C. Heath, Paul W. Jeffries, Arpana Agrawal, Michael T. Lynskey, and A. Benjamin Srivastava
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Subjective effects, Benzedrine, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Amphetamine, Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Opioid use, Addiction Research Center Inventory, Opioid use disorder, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, Analgesics, Opioid, 030104 developmental biology, Opioid, Morphine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Attempts to identify opioid users with increased risk of escalating to opioid use disorder (OUD) have had limited success. Retrospectively assessed subjective effects of initial opioid misuse were compared in a pilot sample of opioid misusers (nonmedical use ≤60 times lifetime) who had never met criteria for OUD (N = 14) and heroin-addicted individuals in treatment for OUD (N = 15). Relative to opioid misusers without a lifetime OUD diagnosis, individuals with OUD reported greater euphoria and other positive emotions, activation, pruritus, and internalizing symptoms. Consistent with these findings, proxy Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) Amphetamine Group, and Morphine Benzedrine Group scale mean item scores were significantly higher in those with OUD. Replication was attempted in opioid misusers with (N = 25) and without OUD (N = 25) who were assessed as part of an ongoing genetic study. We observed similar significant between-group differences in individual subjective effect items and ARCI scale mean item scores in the replication sample. We, thus confirm findings from prior reports that retrospectively assessed subjective responses to initial opioid exposure differ significantly between opioid users who do, and do not, progress to OUD. Our report extends these findings in comparisons limited to opioid misusers. Additional research will be necessary to examine prospectively whether the assessment of subjective effects after initial use has predictive utility in the identification of individuals more likely to progress to OUD.
Published: 2020
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37. Narratives of Access: A Critical Exploration of How Institutional Interactions with Students Affect Regional Student Participation in Higher Education

Author: Sue Owen, Kate Kelly, Jenny Ostini, Helen Partridge, and Sandra Jeffries
Subjects: narrative, Higher education, business.industry, Equity (finance), Identity (social science), Belongingness, rural and regional students, lcsh:LB5-3640, Education, equity, lcsh:Theory and practice of education, access, Reflexivity, Pedagogy, The Internet, Narrative, Sociology, Thematic analysis, business
Abstract: This article examines the narratives that drive university staff understanding of the concerns and experiences of regional and remote students at five universities in Australia. Interviews were conducted with thirty university staff members over a period of three months in 2018. Reflexive thematic analysis of the stories told by staff of supporting regional students found that staff used the lens of access to create meaningful stories for themselves and others in how they supported students. Access is defined as a multi-faceted term encompassing access to people, Internet, study materials and equipment and study environments. Access is facilitated by a sense of belonging or identity as a student and limited by the lack of this. Our analysis of “belongingness” draws on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitas to start to unpick the interactions between higher education institutions and the student that develop student identities as scholars and centres the narrative on the student as a person, wrestling to gain many forms of access within complex social situations.
Published: 2020
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38. Frakturdiagnostik an Oberarm, Ellenbogen und proximalem Unterarm

Author: Philip Gierer, Joanna Jeffries, Thomas Kittner, and Philipp Herlyn
Subjects: medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Elbow, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radial head fracture, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: Die Gelenkpartner des Ellenbogengelenks Humerus, Ulna und Radius stellen als Funktionseinheit eine komplexe Gelenkverbindung dar. Trotz hoher intrinsischer Stabilitat besteht ein groser Bewegungsumfang, welcher die Scharnierbewegung zwischen Ober- und Unterarm sowie die Umwendbewegung des Unterarms ermoglicht. Die beteiligten Gelenkpartner und das Gelenk selbst konnen von unterschiedlichen knochernen Verletzungen betroffen sein. Auf Grund von Uberlagerungen der einzelnen Gelenkpartner stellt die konventionelle Rontgendiagnostik hohe Anspruche an den befundenden Arzt und erfordert haufig weitere Schnittbilddiagnostik. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Ubersicht uber die haufigsten knochernen Verletzungen im Bereich des Ellenbogens und deren Diagnostik.
Published: 2020
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39. Concussion-Prevention Strategies Used in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and II Women's Soccer

Author: Kori K. Jeffries, Kara N. Radzak, Richard D. Tandy, and Tedd J Girouard
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Universities, Concussion, Poison control, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Context (language use), Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neck Muscles, Surveys and Questionnaires, Soccer, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Brain Concussion, 030222 orthopedics, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, Resistance Training, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family medicine, Mouth Protectors, Female, Head Protective Devices, business, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract: Context Whereas much attention has been paid to identifying mechanisms for decreasing concussion rates in women's soccer players, which strategies are currently being used is unknown. In addition, athletic trainers' (ATs') knowledge and beliefs about the efficacy of concussion-prevention practices have not been studied. Objectives To evaluate the concussion-prevention strategies being used in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division II women's soccer and identify the beliefs of certified ATs regarding mechanisms for preventing concussion. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 223 women's soccer team ATs employed at Division I or II universities. Main Outcome Measure(s) A survey instrument of structured questions and open-ended, follow-up questions was developed to identify the use of cervical-strengthening programs, headgear, and other techniques for preventing concussion. Questions also addressed ATs' beliefs regarding the effectiveness of cervical strengthening, headgear, and mouthguards in concussion prevention. Data were collected via questionnaire in Qualtrics survey software. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were calculated for close-ended questions. Open-ended questions were evaluated for common themes, which were then reported by response frequency. Results Cervical strengthening or stability for concussion prevention was reported by 38 (17.12%) respondents; 153 (69.86%) ATs believed that cervical strengthening would aid in concussion prevention. Seventy-eight (35.49%) reported that their players wore headgear. Nineteen (8.76%) believed that soccer headgear prevented concussions; 45 (20.74%) believed that mouthguards prevented concussions. Education in proper soccer technique was reported by 151 (69.59%) respondents. Fourteen (0.06%) respondents cited nutritional strategies for concussion prevention. Conclusions Although ATs believed that cervical strengthening could help prevent concussions, few had implemented this strategy. However, the ATs whose teams used headgear outnumbered those who believed that headgear was an effective prevention strategy. Based on our findings, we saw a disconnect among the current use of concussion-prevention strategies, ATs' beliefs, and the available evidence.
Published: 2020
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40. Parents' Descriptions of Neonatal Palliation as a Treatment Option Prior to Periviable Delivery

Author: Erin Jeffries, Md, Ms, Mph Shelley Hoffman, Mph Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds, Tatiana Laitano, Karen Kavanaugh, PhD, Rn, Faan, and Shannon Jager
Subjects: Adult, Counseling, Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Decision Making, Gestational Age, Ocean Engineering, Context (language use), Critical Care Nursing, Interview guide, Nurse's Role, Pediatrics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Professional-Family Relations, 030225 pediatrics, Maternity and Midwifery, Humans, Medicine, Patient Comfort, Comfort care, Intensive care medicine, Qualitative Research, Resuscitation Orders, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Palliative Care, Infant, Newborn, Treatment options, Content analysis, Family medicine, Premature Birth, Female, business, Infant, Premature, Withdrawal of care
Abstract: Background and Hypothesis: During periviable deliveries, parents are confronted with overwhelming and challenging decisions, about which they may know little. This study aimed to explore qualitatively the language that mothers and important others (IOs) utilize when discussing palliation, or ‘comfort care,’ as a treatment option in the context of periviability. Project Methods: We prospectively recruited pregnant women (and designated IOs) admitted to labor and delivery for a threatened periviable delivery (22-25 weeks GA) at two hospitals between September 2016 and January 2018. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we explored participants’ perceptions of palliation and neonatal treatment options. Women were asked items such as, “How was the choice of resuscitation presented to you?” and “What were the options presented?” Research assistants developed a codebook for the interview transcripts, and NVivo 12 was used for qualitative analysis. Results: Thirty women and 16 IOs were recruited in total. Participants’ descriptions of palliation fell into five broad categories – ‘doing nothing,’ ‘not resuscitating,’ ‘withdrawal of care,’ ‘implicit comfort care,’ and ‘explicit comfort care.’ The majority of parents perceived comfort care not as a distinct treatment option, but rather as the absence of treatment. Several barriers to the comprehension of comfort care were observed, including subjects’ unfamiliarity with the terminology or the inability to remember its explanation during antenatal consultation. Parents described comfort care with either neutral or negative connotations, and even those parents able to discuss the concept neutrally chose resuscitation as their preferred treatment option. Conclusion and Potential Impact: This study revealed that many parents facing periviable delivery may lack understanding of comfort care as a neonatal treatment option. These parental perceptions highlight the need to improve counseling efforts in order to maximize parents’ informed decision-making.
Published: 2020
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41. Polygenic Risk Score Contribution to Psychosis Prediction in a Target Population of Persons at Clinical High Risk

Author: Carrie E. Bearden, Scott W. Woods, Tyrone D. Cannon, Jean Addington, Jenna Barbee, Clark Jeffries, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Larry J. Seidman, Ming T. Tsuang, Daniel H. Mathalon, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Elaine F. Walker, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, John Ford, Diana O. Perkins, and Thomas H. McGlashan
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Multifactorial Inheritance, Psychosis, NAPLS, Adolescent, High-risk, MEDLINE, Prodromal Symptoms, Genome-wide association study, Target population, Medical and Health Sciences, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Research, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Young adult, Risk Calculator, Psychiatry, Polygenic Risk Score, business.industry, Prevention, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Good Health and Well Being, Psychotic Disorders, Predictive value of tests, Schizophrenia, Female, Polygenic risk score, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 2-year risk of psychosis in persons who meet research criteria for a high-risk syndrome is about 15%–25%; improvements in risk prediction accuracy would benefit the development and implementation of preventive interventions. The authors sought to assess polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction of subsequent psychosis in persons at high risk and to determine the impact of adding the PRS to a previously validated psychosis risk calculator. METHODS: Persons meeting research criteria for psychosis high risk (N=764) and unaffected individuals (N=279) were followed for up to 2 years. The PRS was based on the latest schizophrenia and bipolar genome-wide association studies. Variables in the psychosis risk calculator included stressful life events, trauma, disordered thought content, verbal learning, information processing speed, and family history of psychosis. RESULTS: For Europeans, the PRS varied significantly by group and was higher in the psychosis converter group compared with both the nonconverter and unaffected groups, but was similar for the nonconverter group compared with the unaffected group. For non-Europeans, the PRS varied significantly by group; the difference between the converters and nonconverters was not significant, but the PRS was significantly higher in converters than in unaffected individuals, and it did not differ between nonconverters and unaffected individuals. The R(2) (R(2) adjusted for the rate of disease risk in the population being studied, here assuming a 2-year psychosis risk between 10% and 30%) for Europeans varied between 9.2% and 12.3% and for non-Europeans between 3.5% and 4.8%. The amount of risk prediction information contributed by the addition of the PRS to the risk calculator was less than severity of disordered thoughts and similar to or greater than for other variables. For Europeans, the PRS was correlated with risk calculator variables of information processing speed and verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS: The PRS discriminates psychosis converters from nonconverters and modestly improves individualized psychosis risk prediction when added to a psychosis risk calculator. The schizophrenia PRS shows promise in enhancing risk prediction in persons at high risk for psychosis, although its potential utility is limited by poor performance in persons of non-European ancestry.
Published: 2020
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42. Synoptic Meteorology in a Blended Online Environment: Results from UCAR and Member University Collaboration

Author: Smith, Andrea, Clark, Richard, and Jeffries, Richard
Subjects: Meteorology -- Study and teaching -- Methods, Team learning approach in education -- Methods -- Study and teaching, Group work in education -- Methods -- Study and teaching, Online education -- Methods -- Study and teaching, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract: In fall 2014, Millersville University (MU) partnered with the University Visits in Scientific Interaction and Teaching (UVisit) program within the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to teach their senior-level [...]
Published: 2017
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43. Alpha Globin Gene Copy Number Is Associated with Prevalent Chronic Kidney Disease and Incident End-Stage Kidney Disease among Black Americans

Author: Jeffrey B. Kopp, Neil A. Zakai, Bryan T. Mott, Lydia H. Pecker, Amy Parker Ruhl, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, Marguerite R. Irvin, Neal Jeffries, Rakhi P. Naik, Yu Yang, Cheryl A. Winkler, Mary Cushman, Hans Ackerman, Amit Patki, and Leslie A. Lange
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gene Dosage, Alpha (ethology), Renal function, alpha-Globins, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Copy-number variation, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Black or African American, Nephrology, Relative risk, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, business, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: BACKGROUND: α-Globin is expressed in endothelial cells of resistance arteries, where it limits endothelial nitric oxide signaling and enhances α-adrenergic–mediated vasoconstriction. α-Globin gene (HBA) copy number is variable in people of African descent and other populations worldwide. Given the protective effect of nitric oxide in the kidney, we hypothesized that HBA copy number would be associated with kidney disease risk. METHODS: Community-dwelling Black Americans aged ≥45 years old were enrolled in a national longitudinal cohort from 2003 through 2007. HBA copy number was measured using droplet digital PCR. The prevalence ratio (PR) of CKD and the relative risk (RR) of incident reduced eGFR were calculated using modified Poisson multivariable regression. The hazard ratio (HR) of incident ESKD was calculated using Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression. RESULTS: Among 9908 participants, HBA copy number varied from 2 to 6. In analyses adjusted for demographic, clinical, and genetic risk factors, a one-copy increase in HBA was associated with 14% greater prevalence of CKD (PR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.21; P
Published: 2022

44. Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study

Author: Harry D Wilson, Elaine O'Toole, Andrew Bassett, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Beth Blane, Scott Goodwin, Giri Shankar, Joseph Hughes, Lucy R. Frost, Alicia Thornton, Scott Elliott, Tammy V Merrill, Sheila Waugh, Alexander Adams, Peter Muir, Graciela Sluga, Rebecca Williams, Hannah Dent, Christophe Fraser, Shavanthi Rajatileka, John C. Hartley, Luke B Snell, Benjamin J Cogger, Lance Turtle, Alex Makunin, John A. Todd, Victoria Wright, Daniela De Angelis, James McKenna, Dinesh Aggarwal, Jonathan K. Ball, Jillian Durham, Garren Scott, Thushan I de Silva, Veena Raviprakash, Hannah M Pymont, Jason Coombes, Anita Lucaci, Luke R. Green, Leigh M Jackson, Hermione J. Webster, Louis du Plessis, David A. Jackson, Minal Patel, Áine O'Toole, Ravi Gupta, Marc Niebel, Garry Scarlett, Rajiv Shah, Guy Mollett, Kathy Li, Rory Gunson, Matthew Bashton, Carl Jones, Sara Kumziene-Summerhayes, Zoltan Molnar, Siona Silveira, Malte L Pinckert, Catherine Ludden, Angeliki Karamani, Leanne Kane, Brendan A I Payne, Alan McNally, Clare M. McCann, Holli Carden, Mohammad Raza, Alison E. Mather, Kate B. Cook, Amy Gaskin, David J. Williams, Shaun R. Seaman, Christopher I. Jones, Gilberto Betancor, Matthew T. G. Holden, Jennifier Liddle, Meera Unnikrishnan, Angie Green, Ben Taylor, Kelly Bicknell, Alexander J. Trotter, Emma Meader, Leanne M Kermack, Nathaniel Storey, Michelle Cronin, Sally Forrest, Sarah Jeremiah, Asad Zaidi, M Morgan, Alasdair MacLean, Thomas R. Connor, Johnathan M Evans, Rachael Stanley, Ryan P George, Nadine Holmes, Richard H. Myers, Christine Sambles, Bernardo Gutierrez, Jeffrey K. J. Cheng, Tim Wyatt, Natasha Jesudason, Lindsay Coupland, Monika Pusok, Manon Ragonnet-Cronin, Jenifer Mason, Joshua Maksimovic, Russell Hope, Alison Holmes, David Simpson, Radoslaw Poplawski, Amelia Joseph, Erwan Acheson, James Bonfield, Mara K. N. Lawniczak, Sascha Ott, Lesley-Anne Williams, Jessica Lynch, Graham P. Taylor, Anita Kenyon, Elizabeth Wastenge, Megan Mayhew, Adhyana I K Mahanama, Stavroula F Louka, Chloe Bishop, Esther Robinson, Darren Smith, Anne M. Presanis, Matthew Carlile, Thomas D Stanton, Dennis Wang, Katerina Galai, Adam P Westhorpe, Flavia Flaviani, Michelle Wantoch, Max Whiteley, Yann Bourgeois, Matthew Gemmell, Mary Ramsay, A Lloyd, Simon Thelwall, Hannah C. Howson-Wells, Joseph G. Chappell, Steve Paterson, Gary Eltringham, Robert Impey, Siddharth Mookerjee, Steven Platt, Emma Swindells, Laura Letchford, Alex Alderton, Lee Graham, Safiah Afifi, David C. Lee, Cassie Breen, Melisa Louise Fenton, Benita Percival, Adrian W Signell, Tanya Golubchik, Ian B Vipond, Eleri Wilson-Davies, Angie Lackenby, Laura Atkinson, Sarojini Pandey, Nazreen F. Hadjirin, Michael A Chapman, Huw Gulliver, Joana Dias, Grant Hall, Antony D Hale, Hassan Hartman, Alp Aydin, Louise Smith, Ashok Dadrah, Johnny Debebe, Sarah Walsh, Stephanie W. Lo, Andrew Bosworth, Bridget Knight, Hannah E Bridgewater, Nadua Bayzid, Gemma L. Kay, Richard Gregory, Sally Kay, Ellena Brooks, Andre Charlett, Georgina M McManus, Riaz Jannoo, Victoria Blakey, Carol Scott, Rachel Nelson, Liz Ratcliffe, Gerry Tonkin-Hill, Verity Hill, Joanne D. Stockton, Danielle Leek, Steven Leonard, Stephanie Hutchings, Jonathan D. Moore, Kathryn Ann Harris, Sophie Jones, Venkat Sivaprakasam, Amy Plimmer, Tanzina Haque, Katherine L. Bellis, Khalil Abudahab, Dianne Irish-Tavares, Gaia Nebbia, Kathryn A Jackson, Stephen W Attwood, Daniel Mair, Sreenu Vattipally, Susanne Stonehouse, Ian Merrick, Lucille Rainbow, Mathew A. Beale, Angela Helen Beckett, Ember Hilvers, Thomas Helmer, Jenna Nichols, Giselda Bucca, Salman Goudarzi, Christopher Ruis, Surendra Parmar, Angela Cowell, Alberto C Cerda, Divya K. Shah, Judith Heaney, E. Thomson, Kyriaki Nomikou, Nicole Pacchiarini, Katherine L Harper, Fatima Downing, M. Estée Török, Michelle L Michelsen, Aaron R. Jeffries, Jennifer Collins, Christopher Williams, Katie F. Loveson, Steven Rudder, Theocharis Tsoleridis, Robert Davies, David Robertson, Katherine Smollett, Kathryn McCluggage, Liam Crawford, Inigo Martincorena, Charlotte Beaver, Oliver Megram, Karla Spellman, Sam Haldenby, Emma Betteridge, William D. Fuller, Will P. M. Rowe, Cherian Koshy, Tim E. A. Peto, Alison Cox, Natasha Johnson, Tanya Curran, Sharif Shaaban, Tamyo Mbisa, Cordelia Langford, Eric Witele, Andrew J. Page, Christoph Puethe, Nicola Reynolds, Paul W Bird, Louise Aigrain, Ronan Lyons, Amy Trebes, Sally Corden, Steven Rushton, Jack Cd Lee, Jane Greenaway, Hibo Asad, Amanda Bradley, Mohammed O Hassan-Ibrahim, Shane McCarthy, Fei Sang, Matthew Loose, Hannah Jones, Keith D. James, Chloe L Fisher, Chrystala Constantinidou, Alex G. Richter, Jane A. H. Masoli, Michael Gallagher, Vicki M. Fleming, Anna Price, Amy Ash, Michaela John, Alex Zarebski, Fenella D. Halstead, John Danesh, Christine Kitchen, Aminu S Jahun, Mark Whitehead, Julianne R Brown, Catherine Bresner, Marius Cotic, Stefanie V Lensing, Nick Levene, Louissa R Macfarlane-Smith, Wendy Hogsden, Cressida Auckland, Eleanor Drury, Richard Eccles, Jennifer Hart, Seema Nickbakhsh, Alisha Davies, David M. Aanensen, Shirelle Burton-Fanning, Ben Farr, Buddhini Samaraweera, Sarah Wyllie, Hannah Lowe, Richard J. Orton, Martin D. Curran, Carol Churcher, Karen Oliver, Elihu Aranday-Cortes, Wen Yew, Thanh Le-Viet, Matthew Parker, Katherine A Twohig, Shahjahan Miah, Samuel M. Nicholls, G MacIntyre-Cockett, Tranprit Saluja, Charlotte Nelson, Vicki Chalker, Roberto Amato, Ellen Higginson, Timothy M. Freeman, Christopher W Holmes, Yasmin Chaudhry, Elias Allara, Alec Birchley, Iraad Bronner, Emma Moles-Garcia, Angus I. Best, Anna L. Casey, Audrey Farbos, Nicholas W Machin, David W Eyre, Tim Boswell, Charlotte A Williams, Elen De Lacy, Matthew J. Bull, Matilde Mori, Carmen F. Manso, Peijun Zhang, Sahar Eldirdiri, Dimitris Grammatopoulos, Corin Yeats, Claudia Wierzbicki, David G Partridge, Kordo Saeed, Nichola Duckworth, David J. Studholme, Harmeet K Gill, Juan Ledesma, Thomas R. A. Davis, Sushmita Sridhar, Clive Graham, Husam Osman, Julian A. Hiscox, Helen Adams, Christopher Fearn, Fabrícia F. Nascimento, Ulf Schaefer, James W. Harrison, Andrew J. Nelson, Joshua Quick, Mohammad Tauqeer Alam, Liam Prestwood, Nikos Manesis, Julian Tang, Justin O'Grady, Sophia T Girgis, Louise Berry, Gemma Clark, Marina Escalera Zamudio, Karlie Fallon, Tim J Sloan, Joanne Watkins, Clare Pearson, Andrew D Beggs, Rachel Williams, Luke Bedford, Trevor Robinson, Nicholas M Redshaw, Richard Hopes, Mirko Menegazzo, Katherine Twohig, Gabrielle Vernet, Steven Liggett, Mariateresa de Cesare, Derrick W. Crook, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Mark Kristiansen, Miren Iturriza-Gomara, Christopher I. Moore, Claire Cormie, Olivia Boyd, Nikki Smith, Noel Craine, Kathleen A. Williamson, John Boyes, Sian Ellard, Cristina V. Ariani, Wendy Chatterton, David Bonsall, Kevin Lewis, David Jorgensen, Ian Harrison, Christopher Jackson, Martin P McHugh, Danni Weldon, Michael A. Quail, Amita Patel, Lily Geidelberg, Myra Hosmillo, Judith Breuer, Cariad Evans, Edward Barton, Trudy Workman, Derek Fairley, Vineet Patel, Daniel Bradshaw, Robin Manley, Scott Aj Thurston, John Sillitoe, Monique Andersson, Sharon J. Peacock, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Thomas Thompson, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Ben Temperton, Paul Baker, Robin J Moll, Laura Gifford, Nicholas J. Loman, Jayna Raghwani, Jacqui Prieto, Andrew Hesketh, Oliver G. Pybus, Adela Alcolea-Medina, David Buck, Gregory R Young, Alistair C. Darby, Sónia Gonçalves, Aileen G. Rowan, Tabitha Mahungu, Nicholas Ellaby, Jon-Paul Keatley, Lily Tong, Robert Beer, Martyn Guest, Lisa J Levett, Ali R Awan, Iliana Georgana, Paul E Brown, Li Xu-McCrae, Stephen P. Kidd, Sara Rey, Shazaad Ahmad, Danielle C. Groves, Tetyana I. Vasylyeva, David F. Bibby, Nathan Moore, Fiona Ashcroft, Igor Starinskij, Hannah Paul, Claire McMurray, Michael Spencer Chapman, Carlos Balcazar, Joanna Warwick-Dugdale, Pinglawathee Madona, Edith Vamos, Lesley Shirley, Kate Templeton, Luke Foulser, Igor Siveroni, Ewan M. Harrison, Sian Morgan, Diana Rajan, S Taylor, Laia Fina, Naomi Park, Sarah J. O'Brien, Alessandro M Carabelli, Angela Marchbank, Sunando Roy, Leonardo de Oliveira Martins, Steve Palmer, Jonathan Hubb, Alexander J Keeley, Francesc Coll, Malorie Perry, Paul J. Parsons, Anthony Underwood, Patawee Asamaphan, William L Hamilton, Tommy Nyberg, Sophie Palmer, Amanda Symmonds, Anoop Chauhan, Robert Johnson, Christopher J. R. Illingworth, James Shepherd, Wendy Smith, Rich Livett, Rachel Blacow, Margaret Hughes, Jeremy Mirza, Joanne Watts, Jonathan D. Edgeworth, Sarah François, Sue Edwards, Adrienn Angyal, Thomas N. Williams, Marta Gallis, Lauren Gilbert, Paul Randell, Kate Johnson, Eileen Gallagher, Nick Cortes, Yusri Taha, Leah Ensell, Emanuela Pelosi, Stefan Rooke, Michelle Lister, Ana da Silva Filipe, Cassandra S Malone, Themoula Charalampous, Benjamin B Lindsey, Natalie Groves, Colin Smith, Ross J Harris, Rebekah E Wilson, Stephen Bonner, Richard Stark, Sharon Campbell, Nicola Sheriff, Helen L Lowe, Rachel Jones, Ben Warne, Rose K Davidson, Declan Bradley, Ian Johnston, Jeffrey C. Barrett, Joshua B Singer, Shirin Aliabadi, Andrew Whitwham, Patrick McClure, Samuel Robson, Sharon Glaysher, Robert J. Munn, Emma L. Wise, Laura Baxter, Kim S Smith, Catherine Moore, Bree Gatica-Wilcox, Alice Broos, Sarah Essex, David Baker, Manjinder Khakh, Dorota Jamrozy, Rachel Tucker, Ian Goodfellow, S.E. Moses, Nicola Cumley, Robin Howe, Meera Chand, James I. Price, Marina Gourtovaia, Debra Padgett, Jaime Tovar-Corona, Stephen L. Michell, Matthew J. Dorman, Lizzie Meadows, David Heyburn, Iona Willingham, Rocio Martinez Nunez, Grace Taylor-Joyce, Claire M Bewshea, Anita Justice, Simon Cottrell, Rebecca C H Brown, Jamie Young, Gavin Dabrera, Matthew Wyles, Stephen Carmichael, Lisa Berry, Frances Bolt, Andrew Rambaut, Samir Dervisevic, Erik M. Volz, Rahul Batra, Caoimhe McKerr, Samantha McGuigan, Katie Jones, Mailis Maes, Rebecca Dewar, Mary Sinnathamby, Joel Southgate, and Lynn Monaghan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Public health, Hazard ratio, Attendance, C500, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Relative risk, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: \ud The SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant was first detected in England in March, 2021. It has since rapidly become the predominant lineage, owing to high transmissibility. It is suspected that the delta variant is associated with more severe disease than the previously dominant alpha (B.1.1.7) variant. We aimed to characterise the severity of the delta variant compared with the alpha variant by determining the relative risk of hospital attendance outcomes.\ud \ud Methods: \ud This cohort study was done among all patients with COVID-19 in England between March 29 and May 23, 2021, who were identified as being infected with either the alpha or delta SARS-CoV-2 variant through whole-genome sequencing. Individual-level data on these patients were linked to routine health-care datasets on vaccination, emergency care attendance, hospital admission, and mortality (data from Public Health England's Second Generation Surveillance System and COVID-19-associated deaths dataset; the National Immunisation Management System; and NHS Digital Secondary Uses Services and Emergency Care Data Set). The risk for hospital admission and emergency care attendance were compared between patients with sequencing-confirmed delta and alpha variants for the whole cohort and by vaccination status subgroups. Stratified Cox regression was used to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, recent international travel, area of residence, calendar week, and vaccination status.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Individual-level data on 43 338 COVID-19-positive patients (8682 with the delta variant, 34 656 with the alpha variant; median age 31 years [IQR 17–43]) were included in our analysis. 196 (2·3%) patients with the delta variant versus 764 (2·2%) patients with the alpha variant were admitted to hospital within 14 days after the specimen was taken (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2·26 [95% CI 1·32–3·89]). 498 (5·7%) patients with the delta variant versus 1448 (4·2%) patients with the alpha variant were admitted to hospital or attended emergency care within 14 days (adjusted HR 1·45 [1·08–1·95]). Most patients were unvaccinated (32 078 [74·0%] across both groups). The HRs for vaccinated patients with the delta variant versus the alpha variant (adjusted HR for hospital admission 1·94 [95% CI 0·47–8·05] and for hospital admission or emergency care attendance 1·58 [0·69–3·61]) were similar to the HRs for unvaccinated patients (2·32 [1·29–4·16] and 1·43 [1·04–1·97]; p=0·82 for both) but the precision for the vaccinated subgroup was low.\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud This large national study found a higher hospital admission or emergency care attendance risk for patients with COVID-19 infected with the delta variant compared with the alpha variant. Results suggest that outbreaks of the delta variant in unvaccinated populations might lead to a greater burden on health-care services than the alpha variant.\ud \ud Funding: \ud Medical Research Council; UK Research and Innovation; Department of Health and Social Care; and National Institute for Health Research.
Published: 2022

45. DNA methylation and noncoding RNA in OA: Recent findings and methodological advances

Author: Cassandra Sturdy, Jake Martin, Vladislav Izda, and Matlock A. Jeffries
Subjects: Literature review, DNA methylation, Microarray, business.industry, Context (language use), Disease, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Chronic musculoskeletal disease, Bioinformatics, Non-coding RNA, Noncoding RNA, Subchondral bone, RC925-935, Osteoarthritis, Medicine, Epigenetics, business
Abstract: Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive loss of joint function. Historically, it has been characterized as a disease caused by mechanical trauma, so-called ‘wear and tear’. Over the past two decades, it has come to be understood as a complex systemic disorder involving gene-environmental interactions. Epigenetic changes have been increasingly implicated. Recent improvements in microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have allowed for ever more complex evaluations of epigenetic aberrations associated with the development and progression of OA. Methods A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed database. We curated studies that presented the results of DNA methylation and noncoding RNA research in human OA and OA animal models since 1985. Results Herein, we discuss recent findings and methodological advancements in OA epigenetics, including a discussion of DNA methylation, including microarray and NGS studies, and noncoding RNAs. Beyond cartilage, we also highlight studies in subchondral bone and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which highlight widespread and potentially clinically important alterations in epigenetic patterns seen in OA patients. Finally, we discuss epigenetic editing approaches in the context of OA. Conclusions Although a substantial body of literature has already been published in OA, much is still unknown. Future OA epigenetics studies will no doubt continue to broaden our understanding of underlying pathophysiology and perhaps offer novel diagnostics and/or treatments for human OA.
Published: 2021

46. Structuring and Supporting an Online Doctoral Program

Author: Christopher Bogiages, Yasha Jones Becton, Suha R. Tamim, and Rhonda Jeffries
Subjects: Knowledge management, Computer science, business.industry, business, Structuring
Published: 2021
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47. Understanding the Requirements for Surveys to Support Satellite-Based Crop Type Mapping: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: George Azzari, Siobhan Murray, Graham Jeffries, Talip Kilic, and Shruti Jain
Subjects: household surveys, agriculture, maize, crop type mapping, Sentinel-2, training data, Malawi, Ethiopia, Geospatial analysis, business.industry, Science, Information quality, Agricultural engineering, computer.software_genre, Plot (graphics), Geography, Remote sensing (archaeology), Agriculture, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Survey data collection, Satellite imagery, Satellite, business, computer
Abstract: This paper provides recommendations on how large-scale household surveys should be conducted to generate the data needed to train models for satellite-based crop type mapping in smallholder farming systems. The analysis focuses on maize cultivation in Malawi and Ethiopia, and leverages rich, georeferenced plot-level data from national household surveys that were conducted in 2018–20 and integrated with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and complementary geospatial data. To identify the approach to survey data collection that yields optimal data for training remote sensing models, 26,250 in silico experiments are simulated within a machine learning framework. The best model is then applied to map seasonal maize cultivation from 2016 to 2019 at 10-m resolution in both countries. The analysis reveals that smallholder plots with maize cultivation can be identified with up to 75% accuracy. Collecting full plot boundaries or complete plot corner points provides the best quality of information for model training. Classification performance peaks with slightly less than 60% of the training data. Seemingly little erosion in accuracy under less preferable approaches to georeferencing plots results in the total area under maize cultivation being overestimated by 0.16–0.47 million hectares (8–24%) in Malawi.
Published: 2021
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48. The Role of Technology in Health Professions Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Pamela R. Jeffries, Christine Pintz, Suzan Kardong-Edgren, Reamer L. Bushardt, Colton Hood, Ragan DuBose-Morris, Laurie Posey, and Neal Sikka
Subjects: Medical education, Modalities, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Health professionals, Education, Medical, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Online learning, education, COVID-19, General Medicine, Telehealth, Health professions, Telemedicine, United States, Education, Education, Distance, Political science, Health care, Pandemic, Humans, business, Education, Nursing, Pandemics
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked radical shifts in the ways that both health care and health professions education are delivered. Prior to the pandemic, some degree programs were offered fully online or in a hybrid format, but in-person learning was considered essential to the education and training of health professionals. Similarly, even as the use of telehealth was slowly expanding, most health care visits were conducted in-person. The need to maintain a safe physical distance during the pandemic rapidly increased the online provision of health care and health professions education, accelerating technology adoption in both academic and professional health care settings. Many health care professionals, educators, and patients have had to adapt to new communication modalities, often with little or no preparation. Before the pandemic, the need for cost-effective, robust methodologies to enable teaching across distances electronically was recognized. During the pandemic, online learning and simulation became essential and were often the only means available for continuity of education and clinical training. This paper reviews the transition to online health professions education and delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides recommendations for moving forward.
Published: 2021

49. Police Officer Years of Service

Author: Rachel Jeffries
Subjects: Officer, Service (business), business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Domestic violence, Empathy, Public relations, business, Psychology, media_common
Abstract: In the 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey, only 52.2% of domestic violence (DV) incidents were reported to the police (Morgan & Truman, 2020). With significantly low reporting rates, policing agencies may be asking themselves what they can do to encourage victims of DV to come forward and report their victimizations. Research on DV victims’ perceptions of police response suggests that, when police provide empathy-like responses to victims of DV, there are numerous benefits for the victim and the policing agency (Birdsey & Snowball, 2013; Johnson, 2007; Stephens & Sinden, 2000). Thus, empathy could be a central component to improving reporting rates of DV and victim relations with police. Unfortunately, however, there is little research assessing what increases an officer’s likelihood in displaying empathy. Using Michael Lipsky’s (2010) theory on street-level bureaucracy, it was hypothesized that officers with fewer years of service would engage in more displays of empathy. Through a secondary data analysis of 200 DV police reports (Growette Bostaph et al., 2019), a total of 428 officers were identified and used as the unit of analysis in the present study. Upon calculating descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses, logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of police officer displays of empathy towards victims of DV. Contrary to the original hypothesis and Lipsky’s theory (2010), the results indicate that officers’ years of service increase their likelihood to display empathy towards victims of DV. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the major findings and their significance for policy and future research.
Published: 2021
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50. Cervical Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Screening in Rural Indigenous Guatemalan Women: Time to Rethink VIA

Author: Eric Fenkl, Michael Dean, Ariel Bernardo Marroquin-Garcia, Diego Aurelio Cordova-Toma, Anne Jeffries, Virginia McCoy, Consuelo M. Beck-Sague, and Purnima Madhivanan
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, low-resource settings, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, cervical cancer screening, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cryotherapy, Alphapapillomavirus, Malignancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Cytology, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, low- and middle-income countries, Human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus, Papillomaviridae, Early Detection of Cancer, Acetic Acid, Vaginal Smears, visual inspection with acetic acid, cytology, cryotherapy, Guatemala, business.industry, Human papillomavirus screening, Papillomavirus Infections, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Visual inspection, Medicine, Female, business, Ascus, Laboratories, Clinical
Abstract: Single-visit “screen-and-treat” strategies using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy (liquid nitrous oxide ablation) in low-resource settings are commonly used to detect and treat precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. This study compared VIA sensitivity and specificity in rural indigenous Guatemalan communities, to that of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for detection of precancerous changes, using cytology as the reference standard. Between 3–8 September 2017, trained nurses examined 222 women aged 23–58 years with VIA. Specimens for liquid-based cytology and HPV testing were obtained prior to VIA with a cytobrush and transported in PreservCyt to a US clinical laboratory. VIA and HPV test sensitivities were assessed as proportions of women with abnormal cytology that had abnormal VIA or HPV results, respectively, and specificities, as proportions with normal cytology with normal VIA or negative HPV tests. Of 222 women, 18 (8.1%) had abnormal cytology (1 carcinoma in a participant who received VIA-based cryotherapy in 2015, 4 high- and 5 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 8 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)). Excluding ASCUS, sensitivities of VIA and HPV were 20.0% and 100%, respectively. VIA-based screening may not be acceptable for detecting precancerous lesions, and field cryotherapy for preventing malignancy. The World Health Organization recommended in 2021 “…using HPV DNA detection as the primary screening test rather than VIA or cytology”.
Published: 2021

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