17 results on '"Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon"'
Search Results
2. Patients with 'dates': Wrong for doctors but acceptable for drug companies?
- Author
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon
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Government ,Ethical issues ,Health professionals ,business.industry ,education ,010102 general mathematics ,Health condition ,General Medicine ,Space (commercial competition) ,Public relations ,01 natural sciences ,Pharmaceutical marketing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health information ,Business ,0101 mathematics ,Patient education - Abstract
Direct interaction between pharmaceutical representatives and consumers is an issue that is still under-researched. In fact, the underlying ethical issues are completely absent from the radar of regulators. However, this type of communication without a mediating interface (such as a TV broadcaster or an electronic platform) or an intermediary (healthcare professionals) provides a space where consumers are highly exposed to industry influences. While the putative aim of those activities is to educate patients about their health condition, the management of their symptoms and the available treatments, the industry is seeking to replace the traditional role of health professionals. A case study, involving face-to-face interactions, allows a better understanding and provides clarifications to show that it is not the industry’s role to provide health information to consumers. Mechanisms are suggested to support government agencies in ethically regulating this practice.
- Published
- 2020
3. What Makes Artificial Intelligence Exceptional in Health Technology Assessment?
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Marie-Christine Roy, Vincent Couture, Mireille M Goetghebeur, Isabelle Ganache, and I. Glenn Cohen
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,health technology assessment ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health sector ,Research question ,Window of opportunity ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health technology ,QA75.5-76.95 ,artificial intelligence ,exceptionalism ,3. Good health ,ethical ,Exceptionalism ,Work (electrical) ,health regulation ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,Systematic Review ,Artificial intelligence ,social and legal implications ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Healthcare system - Abstract
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) may revolutionize the healthcare system, leading to enhance efficiency by automatizing routine tasks and decreasing health-related costs, broadening access to healthcare delivery, targeting more precisely patient needs, and assisting clinicians in their decision-making. For these benefits to materialize, governments and health authorities must regulate AI, and conduct appropriate health technology assessment (HTA). Many authors have highlighted that AI health technologies (AIHT) challenge traditional evaluation and regulatory processes. To inform and support HTA organizations and regulators in adapting their processes to AIHTs, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the challenges posed by AIHTs in HTA and health regulation. Our research question was: What makes artificial intelligence exceptional in HTA? The current body of literature appears to portray AIHTs as being exceptional to HTA. This exceptionalism is expressed along 5 dimensions: 1) AIHT’s distinctive features; 2) their systemic impacts on health care and the health sector; 3) the increased expectations towards AI in health; 4) the new ethical, social and legal challenges that arise from deploying AI in the health sector; and 5) the new evaluative constraints that AI poses to HTA. Thus, AIHTs are perceived as exceptional because of their technological characteristics and potential impacts on society at large. As AI implementation by governments and health organizations carries risks of generating new, and amplifying existing, challenges, there are strong arguments for taking into consideration the exceptional aspects of AIHTs, especially as their impacts on the healthcare system will be far greater than that of drugs and medical devices. As AIHTs begin to be increasingly introduced into the health care sector, there is a window of opportunity for HTA agencies and scholars to consider AIHTs’ exceptionalism and to work towards only deploying clinically, economically, socially acceptable AIHTs in the health care system.
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- 2021
4. Rapid Serological Tests and Immunity Policies: Addressing Ethical Implications for Healthcare Providers and the Healthcare System as a Priority
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Marie-Alexia Masella, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, and Hortense Gallois
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serological tests ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,Health (social science) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,tests sérologiques ,education ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,lcsh:Ethics ,prestataires de soins de santé ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing ,Pandemic ,éthique ,medicine ,Ethical issues ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Public health ,public health ,COVID-19 ,06 humanities and the arts ,ethics ,Philosophy ,healthcare providers ,Work (electrical) ,santé publique ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,060301 applied ethics ,Business ,lcsh:BJ1-1725 ,0305 other medical science ,Healthcare providers ,Healthcare system - Abstract
Healthcare providers (HCP) have been central actors in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Although potentially very beneficial, the implementation of large-scale rapid serological tests raises ethical dilemmas and affects HCPs’ capacity to work in optimal conditions. In this regard, we call for attention to address specific and urgent ethical issues distinctively affecting HCPs following the availability and possible mandatory use of rapid serological tests for COVID-19., Les prestataires de soins de santé (HCP) ont joué un rôle central dans l'endiguement de la pandémie de COVID-19. Bien que potentiellement très bénéfique, la mise en oeuvre de tests sérologiques rapides à grande échelle soulève des dilemmes éthiques et affecte la capacité des HCP à travailler dans des conditions optimales. À cet égard, nous appelons l'attention sur les questions éthiques spécifiques et urgentes qui affectent de manière distincte les HCP suite à la disponibilité et à l'éventuelle utilisation obligatoire de tests sérologiques rapides pour COVID-19.
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- 2020
5. Genetic testing, insurance discrimination and medical research: what the United States can learn from peer countries
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Effy Vayena, I. Glenn Cohen, and Robert C. Green
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Perspective (graphical) ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,Gateway (computer program) ,Public relations ,Precision medicine ,Medical research ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Order (exchange) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Business ,Genetic discrimination ,Genetic testing - Abstract
While genetic testing may be the gateway to the future of medicine, it also poses challenges for individuals, especially in terms of differentiated treatments on the basis of their genetic characteristics. The fear of unwanted disclosure to insurers and the possibility of genetic discrimination can hamper the recruitment of individuals for clinical research that involves genetic testing. Precision medicine initiatives, such as All of Us, are proliferating in the United States. In order to succeed, however, they must ensure that the millions of Americans recruited to share their genetic data are not penalized with regard to life, disability and long-term insurance coverage. In this Perspective, we discuss several initiatives adopted by countries around the world, such as the United Kingdom and France, that better balance the interests of insurers and research subjects, and explain how the United States might learn from them. We call for regulatory and industry leadership to come together to establish a voluntary moratorium on insurance pricing with the aim of protecting research participants.
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- 2019
6. 'Engage Patients in Your Research,' They Say
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Claudio Del Grande, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, and Geneviève Rouleau
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Narration ,business.industry ,Evidence-Based Nursing ,General Medicine ,Public relations ,Research Personnel ,Life Change Events ,Nursing Research ,Text mining ,Ethics, Nursing ,Humans ,Sociology ,Patient Participation ,business - Published
- 2019
7. Conflicts of interest and the (in)dependence of experts advising government on immunization policies
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Victoria Doudenkova, Bryn Williams-Jones, Louise Ringuette, and Anne-Isabelle Cloutier
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Policy making ,Transparency (market) ,Advisory committee ,Advisory Committees ,Public interest ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Policy Making ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Conflict of Interest ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Quebec ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Conflict of interest ,Public relations ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Government ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunization ,business - Abstract
There has been increasing attention to financial conflicts of interest (COI) in public health research and policy making, with concerns that some decisions are not in the public interest. One notable problematic area is expert advisory committee (EAC). While COI management has focused on disclosure, it could go further and assess experts' degree of (in)dependence with commercial interests. We analyzed COI disclosures of members of Québec's immunization EAC (in Canada) using (In)DepScale, a tool we developed for assessing experts' level of (in)dependence. We found great variability of independence with industry and that companies with the highest vaccine sales were predominantly associated with disclosed COIs. We argue that EACs can use the (In)DepScale to better assess and disclose the COIs that affect their experts. Going forward our scale could help manage risk and select members who are less conflicted to foster a culture of transparency and trust in advisors and policy-makers.
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- 2018
8. Patients as research partners; how to value their perceptions, contribution and labor?
- Author
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, David B. Resnik, and Elise Smith
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Tokenism ,Article ,Research ethics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,tokenism ,Perception ,Citizen science ,fair recognition ,Experiential knowledge ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Democratization ,lcsh:Science ,Empowerment ,media_common ,patient partners in research ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,patient engagement in research ,030503 health policy & services ,Public relations ,patient empowerment ,Outreach ,Criticism ,lcsh:Q ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
Citizen Science refers to the consultation, participation, engagement or involvement of the general public in research. Rationales for this interaction include increased public access and involvement of citizens in research, immersion of community values relevant to research, outreach and educational potential with the public, and ultimately, the democratization of science. This paper focuses on the specific subset of citizen science that seeks to engage "patient partners" in health research to gain the valuable experiential knowledge of those living with a disease. Greater patient engagement in research (PER) can provide researchers with insights about citizen values and needs relevant to determining research priorities, methodology, applications and ethical parameters; this would ideally lead to more effective real-world applications. Over the last decade, projects involving patients partners in research (PPR) have varied from mere tokenism and undervaluation to full involvement and empowerment of patient participants - the former, a subject of criticism, and the latter, promoted as an ideal. In this article, we will argue that the value of that experiential knowledge from patient partners in research should not only be acknowledged through its ongoing use, but also through recognition of participants who contribute to the creation and application of new knowledge. We will explore types of recognition that might be attributed to PPR, including scientific recognition; financial recognition or reward; personal and altruistic recognition; and the benefial outcomes of research applications. We will also consider whether such types of recognition could be applied to the broader field of citizen science.
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- 2020
9. Protecting public health or commercial interests? The importance of transparency during immunization campaigns
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Louise Ringuette, Bryn Williams-Jones, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, and Victoria Doudenkova
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Economic growth ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Government ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Population health ,Transparency (behavior) ,Public interest ,Vaccination ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Business ,Obligation ,Developed country - Abstract
Summary There has been increasing interest in vaccinating populations against serogroup B meningococcus (MenB) which is now responsible for the majority of invasive meningococcal disease in developed countries. In 2014, public health authorities in Quebec (Canada) launched the world's first regional vaccination program using Bexsero ® (4CMenB) to reduce the transmission of an endemic clone of MenB. The cost-effectiveness of a vaccination campaign is crucial to assessing the choice of a specific vaccine. Yet in Quebec, the cost of the vaccination program has not been released to the public despite a legal obligation to disclose major government's expenses; and this decision was justified on the grounds that the information is an industrial secret. Greater effort must be made to ensuring that transparency is a cardinal value in all population health interventions, so that citizens can hold their governments accountable for decisions that are made in the public interest.
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- 2017
10. Ethics education in public health: where are we now and where are we going?
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Vardit Ravitsky, Bryn Williams-Jones, Victoria Doudenkova, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, and Louise Ringuette
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medicine.medical_specialty ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,education ,Professional development ,International health ,Context (language use) ,Bioethics ,Public relations ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health promotion ,Medicine ,Health education ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Curriculum - Abstract
Over the last decade there has been a noticeable increase in attention, on the part of public health scholars and professionals, to the important ethical challenges that arise in the context of public health policy, practice and research. This has arguably been a driver for the development of public health ethics (PHE) as both a specialized field of study in bioethics and a subject for professional education. But how is PHE taught in public health programs and schools? Are current educational approaches sufficient to provide future professionals with the necessary tools to address the diverse ethical challenges they will encounter? In this article, we examine the international public health and bioethics literatures regarding PHE education in public health programs and schools. Specifically, we 1) summarize the results from studies that describe PHE education in the United States, Europe, Canada and in some developing countries, 2) explore current attitudes and educational approaches toward ethics curricula in public health, and 3) identify and discuss reported barriers to PHE education. We conclude with some general recommendations and a research agenda to guide future work on implementing PHE into different public health programs.
- Published
- 2017
11. Access to Personal Information for Public Health Research: Transparency Should Always Be Mandatory
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Victoria Doudenkova, Bryn Williams-Jones, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, and Louise Ringuette
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,Health (social science) ,personal data ,Internet privacy ,transparence ,privacy ,Public interest ,lcsh:Ethics ,data access ,données personnelles ,medicine ,law ,transparency ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Public institution ,Transparency (behavior) ,Philosophy ,Exceptionalism ,Data access ,loi ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,Business ,intérêt public ,lcsh:BJ1-1725 ,Personally identifiable information ,accès aux données ,vie privée ,public interest - Abstract
In Québec, the Act Respecting Access to Documents Held by Public Bodies and the Protection of Personal Information provides an exception to transparency to most public institutions where public health research is conducted by allowing them to not disclose their uses of personal data (often collected without the consent of those being studied). This exceptionalism is ethically problematic due to important concerns (e.g., protection of privacy and potential harms of secondary uses of data) and we argue that all those who conduct research should be transparent and accountable for the work they do in the public interest., Au Québec, la Loi sur l’accès aux documents des organismes publics et sur la protection des renseignements personnels offre une exception en matière de transparence à la plupart des institutions publiques où la recherche en santé publique est menée en leur permettant de ne pas divulguer leurs utilisations de données à caractère personnel (souvent collectées sans le consentement des personnes étudiées). Cette exception est éthiquement problématique en raison de préoccupations importantes (ex.: la protection de la vie privée et les inconvénients potentiels des utilisations secondaires de données) et nous soutenons que tous ceux qui mènent des recherches doivent être transparents et responsables du travail qu’ils accomplissent dans l’intérêt public.
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- 2018
12. An Experiment with Public-Oriented Knowledge Transfer: A Video on Québec’s Bill 10
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Marie-Eve Lemoine, Maude Laliberté, and Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon
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Research groups ,Aside ,business.industry ,Political science ,Public debate ,Social media ,Public relations ,Space (commercial competition) ,business ,Knowledge transfer ,Health policy ,Scientific evidence - Abstract
When decision-makers are engaged in a polarized discourse and leaving aside evidence-based recommendations, is there a role for researchers in the dissemination of this scientific evidence to the general public as a means to counterbalance the debate? In response to the controversial Bill 10 in Quebec, we developed and posted a knowledge transfer video on YouTube to help stimulate critical public debate. This article explains our approach and methodology, and the impact of the video, which, in the space of two weeks, had more than 9,500 views, demonstrating the pertinence of such initiatives. We conclude with recommendations for other research groups to engage in public debates.
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- 2016
13. Drug Familiarization and Therapeutic Misconception Via Direct-to-Consumer Information
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon and Bryn Williams-Jones
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Therapeutic Misconception ,Canada ,Health (social science) ,Prescription drug ,Drug Industry ,Information Dissemination ,business.industry ,Therapeutic misconception ,Health Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public policy ,Advertising ,Medical law ,Direct-to-Consumer Advertising ,Prescriptions ,Promotion (rank) ,Government Regulation ,Humans ,Business ,Medical prescription ,Set (psychology) ,media_common ,Pharmaceutical industry - Abstract
Promotion of prescription drugs may appear to be severely limited in some jurisdictions due to restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA). However, in most jurisdictions, strategies exist to raise consumer awareness about prescription drugs, notably through the deployment of direct-to-consumer information (DTCI) campaigns that encourage patients to seek help for particular medical conditions. In Canada, DTCI is presented by industry and regulated by Health Canada as being purely informational activities, but their design and integration in broader promotional campaigns raise very similar ethical concerns as those associated with DTCA. Specifically, DTCI can be an effective means of familiarizing the public with the scope and benefits of a particular prescription drug and so, like DTCA, can promote increased patient-consumer demand and thus a problematic rise in the prescribing and use of medications that may be neither the most appropriate nor the most cost-effective. Yet, with DTCI the industry is playing within the existing rules and regulations set by health regulators. To respond appropriately to this regulatory incoherence, we argue that DTCI should be regulated as a type of direct-to-consumer indirect advertising. Even if the case and specific regulations presented here are Canadian, the implications extend to every country that has a partial or total prohibition on DTCA.
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- 2015
14. Research Ethics and Commercial Drug Development: When Integrity Threatens Profitability
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Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon
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Social Sciences and Humanities ,Health (social science) ,research ethics ,développement des médicaments ,business ethics ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,capital de risque ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,rentabilité ,corporate decision-making ,profitability ,030212 general & internal medicine ,venture capital ,éthique des affaires ,Research ethics ,clinical trials ,développement des médicaments ,Health Policy ,éthique de la recherche ,prise de décision de l’entreprise ,Research integrity ,06 humanities and the arts ,essais cliniques ,drug development ,lcsh:H ,rentabilité ,Philosophy ,Balance (accounting) ,éthique de la recherche ,Drug development ,éthique des affaires ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,Engineering ethics ,Profitability index ,060301 applied ethics ,Business ,Personal experience ,prise de décision de l’entreprise - Abstract
Ce cas, basé sur des expériences personnelles ainsi que sur celles trouvées dans la littérature, met en évidence la tension délicate à laquelle sont confrontées les entreprises vouées au développement des médicaments soit d’équilibrer l’intégrité de la recherche et leur rentabilité., This case, based on personal experiences and on those found in the literature, highlights the delicate tension faced by drug development companies having to balance research integrity and their profitability., Étude de cas / Case study
- Published
- 2016
15. Duty to Inform and Informed Consent in Diagnostic Radiology: How Ethics and Law can Better Guide Practice
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Victoria Doudenkova and Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Health (social science) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Medical law ,Radiation Dosage ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dignity ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation Protection ,Informed consent ,medicine ,media_common ,Informed Consent ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Jurisprudence ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Radiography ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Philosophy of medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Law ,Professional ethics ,Health law ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Although there is consensus on the fact that ionizing radiation used in radiological examinations can affect health, the stochastic (random) nature of risk makes it difficult to anticipate and assess specific health implications for patients. The issue of radiation protection is peculiar as any dosage received in life is cumulative, the sensitivity to radiation is highly variable from one person to another, and between 20 % and 50 % of radiological examinations appear not to be necessary. In this context, one might reasonably assume that information and patient consent would play an important role in regulating radiological practice. However, there is to date no clear consensus regarding the nature and content of—or even need for—consent by patients exposed to ionizing radiation. While law and ethics support the same principles for respecting the dignity of the person (inviolability and integrity), in the context of radiology practice, they do not provide a consistent message to guide clinical decision-making. This article analyzes the issue of healthcare professionals’ duty to inform and obtain patient consent for radiological examinations. Considering that both law and ethics have as one of their aims to protect vulnerable populations, it is important that they begin to give greater attention to issues raised by the use of ionizing radiation in medicine. While the situation in Canada serves as a backdrop for a reflective analysis of the problem, the conclusions are pertinent for professional practice in other jurisdictions because the principles underlying health law and jurisprudence are fairly general.
- Published
- 2015
16. Mandatory Influenza Vaccination: How Far to Go and Whom to Target Without Evidence?
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Marjolaine Frenette and Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,education ,Bioethics ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Public Health Ethics ,Vaccination ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Patient safety ,Health care ,medicine ,Medical emergency ,business ,Risk assessment ,Mandatory Programs - Abstract
In deploying a public health ethics framework to analyze mandatory influenza vaccination programs (MVP) for health care personnel, Antommaria (2013) provides a new perspective that substantially en...
- Published
- 2013
17. Preparing for the arrival of 'pink Viagra': strengthening Canadian direct-to-consumer information regulations
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Bryn Williams-Jones and Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon
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Direct-to-consumer advertising ,Canada ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Sexism ,Advertising ,General Medicine ,Direct-to-Consumer Advertising ,Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Premenopause ,Information campaign ,Consumer information ,Commentary ,Drug approval ,Humans ,Benzimidazoles ,Female ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Business ,Drug Approval ,Lying ,Bedroom - Abstract
Do you remember the advertisement with a cartoon elephant lying in bed between a man and a woman, implying a huge problem in the bedroom? This was the beginning of a direct-to-consumer information campaign about erectile dysfunction. Called “40over40,” the campaign was sponsored by Eli Lilly
- Published
- 2015
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