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21,590 results on '"James, H"'

1. Digital Media and Latino Families: New Channels for Learning, Parenting, and Local Organizing

Author

Joan Ganz Cooney Center, Fuller, Bruce, Lizárraga, José Ramon, and Gray, James H.

Abstract

Latino families in America increasingly enjoy access to a dizzying array of content on a variety of electronic devices, from televisions and video games to personal computers and mobile devices. Bruce Fuller, José Ramón Lizárraga, James H. Gray raise pressing questions that face Latino families as they adopt technologies that both have the potential to entertain as well as educate. They find a new digital divide in the extent to which digital platforms are used for educational purposes by Latino children in Spanish-dominant families relative to middle-class peers. How are families engaging with this media? Who is producing digital content aimed at children and parents? How, or do, these producers consider Latino customers and clients? What kinds of devices are adults and children across this vast and diverse population using? And how are these technologies disrupting--for better or worse--family and community ties? And how can community organizations mobilize digital tools to empower children and families? Included in the review are Endnotes and the Appendix: Organizing with Digital Media for Children and Families: Learning from Chicago.

Published
2015

2. The Coming Viral Storms: Markets to the Rescue?

Author

Rosen, James H., Friedson, Andrew, Ward, Logan, Choe, Sung Hee, and Golden, James

Subjects
Social service, Avian influenza, Epidemics, Influenza vaccines, Business
Abstract

Agricultural technology and management have been so successful for so long that inexpensive food and fabric are taken for granted in all but the poorest countries, and famine is virtually [...]

Published
2024

3. The Accounting Pipeline: Insights from Professionals and Students

Author

Comunaie, Christie L., Irving, James H., and Trainor, Joseph E.

Subjects
Students -- Supply and demand -- Forecasts and trends, Pipe lines -- Forecasts and trends, Student loans -- Supply and demand, Skilled labor -- Forecasts and trends, Accounting firms -- Supply and demand -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The accounting community--from practitioners to educators to advocacy groups--has known for some time that the profession is facing a significant challenge: a shortage of skilled labor. Although the demand for [...]

Published
2023

4. Reported Cooperation between AVTS Adult Education Programs and Business/Industry in the State of Pennsylvania.

Author

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies. and Wise, James H.

Abstract

Area Vocational Technical Schools (AVTS) in Pennsylvania were surveyed to determine the extent of cooperation between AVTS adult vocational education programs as well as business and industry. Findings indicated that most students were referred by business and industry to AVTS adult programs for vocational/technical training. The average number of students enrolled in cosponsored classes was greater for job-related enrichment activities. Adult education directors reported a closer working relationship and cooperative effort with small industries. The average number of hours per week spent by adult program directors for program promotion was approximately 25 hours for successful and 3 hours for unsuccessful operators. Time constraints, lack of business and industry interest, and private sector interest in profit were major barriers to cooperation. The greatest benefit derived from cooperation with business and industry was increased program visibility. One of the greatest costs to the AVTS was programming problems. Lack of funds was perceived by directors as the greatest barrier to cooperation. Lack of commitment by business and industry was the factor that most limited successful cooperation. Good communications were the most important factor contributing to success. The method most used to contact business and industry relative to establishing a cooperative program was the telephone. (Fifteen tables are included.) (YLB)

Published
1983

5. Speech Communication as Career Preparation.

Author

McBath, James H.

Abstract

This paper examines the uses that students can make of knowledge and skills in speech communication and brings together representative evidence concerning communicative abilities and employment and comment on the improvement in public understanding of the field. The unifying aim is to provide a rationale for speech communication as career preparation, and this is accomplished by reviewing several studies on the communication needs of business, industry, and health-related agencies. (RB)

Published
1976

6. Social Impacts of Oil and Gas Developments on a Small Rural Community.

Author

Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Center for Energy and Mineral Resources. and Copp, James H.

Abstract

To examine the effects of the 1978-81 oil and gas boom on social and economic relations and institutions in Caldwell, Texas, researchers gathered data about the community using census information, historical accounts, official records, publications, observations, interviews, and surveys of 133 residents, 91 businesses, and 40 oil field service companies. Before the boom, Caldwell was a rural trade center for farmers and ranchers, characterized by its heavily German-Czech population, fiscal conservatism, and focus on family and church ties. Its population in 1980 was nearly 3,000. Its years of slow, positive growth and its new young leadership infrastructure helped Caldwell weather and benefit from the boom. Community businesses, especially new oil production companies, prospered, the number of workers doubled, community institutions such as schools and churches were stronger, more services were available, leadership was stable, and community satisfaction was high. No major mental health problems and little boom-related crime occurred. The boom appeared to be deepening as well as broadening the distribution of power and wealth in the town. The oil boom lifted Caldwell to a new level of economic activity, with an estimated population of 3,500 in 1982. The boom caused few real disadvantages for the community other than increased traffic, difficulties in maintaining roads, and an overexpansion of motels, apartments, and fast food places. (SB)

Published
1984

7. Training in Industry: A Review of Literature.

Author

Wise, James H.

Abstract

This literature search revealed a wide diversity of industrial training methods, a shortage of research and information, and an emphasis by corporations on accountability of costs and procedures and on evaluation. (SK)

Published
1982

8. The Preprofessional Option: An Alternative to Graduate Work in Psychology

Author

Pinkus, RosaLynn B. and Korn, James H.

Abstract

Discusses the organization of a preprofessional option for undergraduate psychology majors; the option is essentially a four-year curriculum designed to help students secure full-time employment upon graduation. (Author/JM)

Published
1973

9. Adventure Tourism in the Apartheid Era: Skydiving in Mafikeng-Mmabatho

Author

James H. Drummond, Christian M. Rogerson, and Fiona J. Drummond

Subjects
adventure tourism, historical approach, skydiving, bantustans, bophuthatswana, Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service, TX901-946.5, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Present-mindedness is a defining characteristic of the majority of research on niche tourism. In many respects this is unsurprising as interest in niche tourism has been driven by policy imperatives and potential contributions to destination development. Adventure tourism is one of the more well researched forms of niche tourism in South Africa. The existing South African literature is overwhelmingly dominated by contemporary issues. This study builds upon an emerging tradition of research in South African tourism scholarship which explores past tourisms by applying an archival approach and a key stakeholder interview. Extant studies on the development of adventure tourism in South Africa have demonstrated the geographical dominance of activities in the ‘white’ areas and the almost complete lack of the sector in ’black’ areas. This paper presents historical evidence from MafikengMmabatho, the capital city of the former Bophuthatswana Bantustan from 1977-1994, which shows that skydiving at Mmabatho airport, in particular the international event marketed as the ‘Mmabatho Boogie’, was an important niche offering in the town’s tourism portfolio and a welcome contributor in terms of hotel accommodation and tourist spend. Skydiving in the area declined after 1994 as the main organiser driving the Mmabatho Boogie left, which coincided with Bophuthatswana’s re-incorporation into South Africa. Overall, the research contributes to an emerging historical scholarship in tourism studies in South Africa and represents one of the first such investigation to be undertaken concerning adventure tourism.

Published
2022
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11. A Succession of Cloud, Precipitation, Aerosol, and Air Quality Field Experiments in the Coastal Urban Environment

Author

Jensen, Michael P., Flynn, James H., Judd, Laura M., Kollias, Pavlos, Kuang, Chongai, Mcfarquhar, Greg, Nadkarni, Raj, Powers, Heath, and Sullivan, John

Subjects
Clouds -- Environmental aspects, Aerosols -- Environmental aspects, Air quality -- Environmental aspects, Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Environmental aspects, Coasts -- Environmental aspects, Metropolitan areas -- Environmental aspects, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

The interactions and feedbacks among clouds, aerosols, pollutants, and the thermodynamic and kinematic environment remains an area of active research with important implications for our understanding of climate, weather, and [...]

Published
2022
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12. Accounting Education at a Crossroads: Does a Drop in Enrollment Foretell a Decline in the Marketplace?

Author

Gabbin, Alexander L., Irving, James H., and Shifflett, Eileen M.

Subjects
College enrollment -- Statistics, Universities and colleges -- Surveys -- United States, Accounting -- Study and teaching, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

IN BRIEF The authors' university has seen a significant drop in accounting enrollment from 2015 to 2019. The results of a survey by the authors suggest that this trend is [...]

Published
2020

14. The Effects of Fuel Prices, Environmental Regulations, and Other Factors on U.S. Coal Production, 2008-2016

Author

Coglianese, John, Gerarden, Todd D., and Stock, James H.

Subjects
Natural gas -- Prices and rates, Coal industry -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Production data, Environmental law -- Influence, Government regulation, Company pricing policy, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

We decompose the decline in coal production from 2008 to 2016 into the contributions of several sources. In particular, we estimate the effects of declining natural gas prices and the introduction of new environmental regulations along with several other factors, using both monthly state-level data and annual information on coal plant closings. We estimate that the declining price of natural gas relative to coal is responsible for 92 percent of the total decline in coal production over this period and that environmental regulations account for an additional six percent, with other factors making small and offsetting contributions. Keywords: Energy transition, Electricity, Environmental regulation, 1. INTRODUCTION From 2008 to 2016, U.S. coal production fell 37 percent, from 1,172 million short tons to 739 million short tons (EIA, 2017). During this period, carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]) [...]

Published
2020
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15. Putting the Right Special Ops Tech in the Right Hands

Author

Smith, James H.

Subjects
Special forces (Military science) -- Product information, Aerospace and defense industries, Business
Abstract

A few decades ago, I went through the Army's Ranger School --okay, maybe several decades ago. One of the most important lessons I learned is that every operation starts with [...]

Published
2023

16. Silyl-Containing Polyurethanes that Selectively Disassemble with Fluoride Salts

Author

Iezzi, Erick B., Camerino, Eugene, Daniels, Grant C., and Wynne, James H.

Subjects
Coatings, Technology, Health, Novels, Business, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

Crosslinked networks, such as two-component polyurethanes, are used for numerous commercial applications because of their unique mechanical, thermal, and hydrocarbon resistant properties. However, the covalently bonded linkages in these materials [...]

Published
2020

17. The business cycle is alive and well

Author

Stock, James H.

Subjects
Business cycles -- Analysis, Monetary policy -- Analysis, Recessions -- Analysis, Econometric models -- Usage, Financial crises, Deflation (Economics), Interest rates, Business, Economics
Abstract

Abstract Have the dynamic relations among macro variables changed markedly since the financial crisis? A dynamic factor model provides consistent evidence of stability across 248 variables The Great Moderation appears [...]

Published
2019
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18. The Challenge of Accounting for Goodwill: Impact of a Possible Return to Amortization

Author

Betancourt, Luis and Irving, James H.

Subjects
Financial statements, Accounting departments, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

In Brief Determining how to account for the goodwill found in business combinations has been a hotly debated topic for decades. Standards setters have promulgated numerous different approaches over time, [...]

Published
2019

19. GHOST: A Satellite Mission Concept for Persistent Monitoring of Stratospheric Gravity Waves Induced by Severe Storms: GHOST would continuously monitor storm-induced gravity waves, observing their development through complete storm life cycles in order to elucidate causal relationships between storm phenomena linked to latent heating and gravity wave production

Author

Tratt, David M., Hackwell, John A., Valant-Spaight, Bonnie L., Walterscheid, Richard L., Gelinas, Lynette J., Hecht, James H., Swenson, Charles M., Lampen, Caleb P., Alexander, M. Joan, Hoffmann, Lars, Nolan, David S., Miller, Steven D., Hall, Jeffrey L., Atlas, Robert, Marks, Frank D., Jr., and Partain, Philip T.

Subjects
Meteorological research, Gravity waves (Meteorology) -- Research, Windstorm forecasting -- Research, Tropical cyclones -- Research, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

The prediction of tropical cyclone rapid intensification is one of the most pressing unsolved problems in hurricane forecasting. The signatures of gravity waves launched by strong convective updrafts are often [...]

Published
2018
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20. Multi-Center Follow-up Study to Develop a Classification System Which Differentiates Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver and Benign Hepatic Cyst Using Machine Learning

Author

Robert Petrocelli, James H. Boyum, Cristina H. Hajdu, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Smitha Mruthyunjayappa, Mark D. Kovacs, Kedar G Sharbidre, Mohd Zahid, Jordan Chamberlin, Andrew D. Hardie, and Brian Flemming

Subjects
Cysts, business.industry, Liver Diseases, Follow up studies, Nodule (medicine), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Cystic Neoplasm, Cohort Studies, Machine Learning, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Clinical Practice, Lesion, Cystic lesion, Liver, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Artificial intelligence, Hepatic Cyst, medicine.symptom, business, Liver cysts, computer, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Rationale and Objectives To date, no clinically useful classification system has been developed for reliably differentiating mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) from a benign hepatic cyst (BHC) in the liver. The objective was to use machine learning and a multi-center study design to develop and assess the performance of a novel classification system for predicting whether a hepatic cystic lesion represents MCN or BHC. Materials and Methods A multi-center cohort study identified 154 surgically resected hepatic cystic lesions in 154 subjects which were pathologic confirmed as MCN (43) or BHC (111). Readers at each institution recorded seven pre-determined imaging features previously identified as potential differentiating features from prior publications. The contribution of each of these features to differentiating MCN from BHC was assessed by machine learning to develop an optimal classification system. Results Although several of the assessed imaging features demonstrated statistical significance, only 3 imaging features were found by machine learning to significantly contribute to a potential classification system: (1) solid enhancing nodule (2) all septations arising from an external macro-lobulation (3) whether the lesion was solitary or one of multiple cystic liver lesions. The optimal classification system had only four categories and correctly identified 144/154 lesion (93.5%). Conclusion This multi-center follow-up study was able to use machine learning to develop a highly accurate classification system for differentiation of hepatic MCN from BHC, which could be readily applied to clinical practice.

Published
2022
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21. Potential Association of Doxycycline With the Onset of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Case Series

Author

Kenneth L. Cox, Keith D. Lindor, Ahmad H. Ali, James Gage Buness, James H. Tabibian, and Cynthia W Buness

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.drug_class, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Antibiotics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, digestive system, Gastroenterology, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Pharmacology, Doxycycline, Patient registry, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, digestive system diseases, Gut microbiome, Median time, Colitis, Ulcerative, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is linked to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Evidence suggests an association between the gut microbiome and PSC. However, the putative relationship between exposure to antibiotics and onset of PSC has never been reported. We observed 3 cases in which patients without antecedent liver or bowel issues developed symptoms leading to diagnosis of IBD and subsequently PSC after being exposed to doxycycline. We aimed to identify, through the PSC Partners national patient registry, additional cases of PSC in which there is a temporal relationship between exposure to doxycycline and onset of PSC or PSC-IBD. Areas of uncertainty The etiopathogenesis of PSC remains an enigma. Data sources We collected data from patients with PSC and PSC-IBD in which there seemed to be a temporal relationship between exposure to doxycycline and PSC. Time from doxycycline exposure to: (1) onset of PSC or PSC-IBD symptoms and (2) diagnosis of PSC were documented for each patient. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results We identified 6 additional patients with PSC or PSC-IBD in whom there was a temporal relationship between exposure to doxycycline and onset of PSC or PSC-IBD. The median age of these 9 patients was 20 years, 6 were female, and 7 had ulcerative colitis. The median time from doxycycline exposure to onset of first symptoms was 3 months, and median time from doxycycline exposure to diagnosis of PSC was 15 months. Therapeutic hypothesis We describe 9 cases of PSC and PSC-IBD in which there seem to be a temporal relationship between exposure to doxycycline and onset of PSC.

Published
2022
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22. Targeting neurotrophic factors for low back pain and sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Richard O. Day, Michael A. Wewege, Matthew D. Jones, James H. McAuley, Sylvia M. Gustin, Aidan G Cashin, Michael C Ferraro, Hayley B. Leake, Rodrigo R N Rizzo, Andrew J. McLachlan, Edel O'Hagan, Rizzo, Rodrigo RN, Ferraro, Michael C, Wewege, Michael A, Cashin, Aidan G, Leake, Hayley B, O'Hagan, Edel T, Jones, Matthew D, Gustin, Sylvia M, McLachlan, Andrew J, Day, Richard, and McAuley, James H

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, back pain, Sciatica, Pharmacotherapy, Rheumatology, Neurotrophic factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Back pain, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Adverse effect, nerve growth factor review, Pain Measurement, business.industry, Low back pain, drug therapy, meta-analysis, Meta-analysis, analgesics, monoclonal antibodies, medicine.symptom, business, Low Back Pain
Abstract

Objectives This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of medicines that target neurotrophic factors for low back pain (LBP) or sciatica. Methods We searched published and trial registry reports of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of medicines that target neurotrophic factors to LBP or sciatica in seven databases from inception to December 2020. Two reviewers independently identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and certainty in the evidence. Results Nine studies (3370 participants) were included in the meta-analyses. Low certainty evidence showed that anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) may reduce pain at 4 weeks (mean difference [MD] −6.75, 95% CI: −8.61, −4.90) and 12 weeks (MD −6.16, 95% CI: −8.38, −3.94), and may increase adverse effects for chronic LBP (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38). Higher doses of anti-NGF may offer a clinically important reduction in pain at the cost of increased adverse effects for chronic LBP. Very low certainty evidence showed that anti-NGF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-GDNF) may not reduce pain for sciatica at 4 weeks (MD −1.40, 95% CI: −8.26, 5.46), at 12 weeks (MD −2.91, 95% CI: −13.69, 7.67) and may increase adverse effects for sciatica (OR 3.27, 95% CI: 1.78, 6.00). Conclusion Anti-NGF may offer small reductions in pain intensity for chronic LBP. The effect may depend on the dose and types of medicines. For sciatica, anti-NGF or pro-GDNF may not reduce pain. Medicines that target neurotrophic factors for LBP or sciatica are associated with different adverse effects compared to those observed in commonly prescribed medicines for these conditions.

Published
2021
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23. The No Worries Trial: Efficacy of Online Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Skills Training for Chronic Pain (iDBT-Pain) Using a Single Case Experimental Design

Author

Mary Czerwinski, Chelsey R. Wilks, Jessica Schroeder, Negin Hesam-Shariati, Yann Quidé, Nell Norman-Nott, Nancy Briggs, Sylvia M. Gustin, James H. McAuley, and Jina Suh

Subjects
Coping (psychology), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Emotions, Chronic pain, Single-subject design, medicine.disease, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neurology, Behavior Therapy, Research Design, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Physical therapy, Humans, Harm avoidance, Neurology (clinical), Chronic Pain, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), Nomothetic
Abstract

Emotion dysregulation frequently co-occurs with chronic pain, which in turn leads to heightened emotional and physical suffering. This cycle of association has prompted a recommendation for psychological treatment of chronic pain to target mechanisms for emotion regulation. The current trial addressed this need by investigating a new internet-delivered treatment incorporating emotional skills training from dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT). Using a single-case experimental design that is suited to heterogeneous populations and can demonstrate efficacy with a small sample, three participants with chronic pain were recruited. Participants received four weeks of online DBT skills training (iDBT-Pain intervention) which incorporated one-on-one sessions over Zoom and a web app. Results revealed compelling evidence for the intervention on the primary outcome of emotion dysregulation and were promising for the secondary outcome of pain intensity. Improvement was also identified on pre-and post-measures of depression, coping behaviours, sleep problems, wellbeing, and harm avoidance, indicating that the intervention may positively influence other factors related to chronic pain. Overall, the trial provides preliminary efficacy for the intervention to improve chronic pain. However, we recommend further investigation of the iDBT-Pain intervention, either in single case trials, which when conducted with scientific rigour may be aggregated to derive nomothetic conclusions, or in a group-comparison trial to compare with usual modes of treatment. Perspective: This trial advances understanding of emotion-focused treatment for chronic pain and provides evidence for a viable new technological treatment. Importantly, as an internet-delivered approach, the iDBT-Pain intervention is accessible to those with restricted mobility and remote communities where there are often limited psychological services for people with chronic pain. Trial registration: The trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000604909)

Published
2022
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24. Retrolabyrinthine transsigmoid approach to complex parabrainstem tumors in the posterior fossa

Author

Hirohiko Nakamura, Ali R. Zomorodi, James H. Carter, Takanori Fukushima, Yusuke Kinoshita, Udom Bawornvaraporn, Allan H. Friedman, and Hikari Sato

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Endolymphatic sac, Meningioma, Young Adult, Hemangioblastoma, Cadaver, Meningeal Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Craniotomy, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sigmoid sinus, business.industry, Neuroma, Acoustic, General Medicine, Epidermoid cyst, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cerebellopontine angle, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Cadaveric spasm, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE The surgical management of large and complex tumors of the posterior fossa poses a formidable challenge in neurosurgery. The standard retrosigmoid craniotomy approach has been performed at most neurosurgical centers; however, the retrosigmoid approach may not provide enough working space without significant retraction of the cerebellum. The transsigmoid approach provides wider and shallower surgical fields; however, there have been few clinical and no cadaveric studies on its usefulness. In the present study, the authors describe the transsigmoid approach in clinical cases and cadaveric specimens. METHODS For the clinical study, the authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and operative charts of patients who had been surgically treated for parabrainstem tumors using the transsigmoid approach between 1997 and 2019. They analyzed patient demographic and clinical data, as well as surgical and clinical outcomes. In the cadaveric study, they compared the surgical views obtained in different approaches (retrosigmoid, presigmoid, retrolabyrinthine, and transsigmoid) and measured the sigmoid sinus width at the level of the endolymphatic sac and the distance between the anterior edge of the sigmoid sinus and the endolymphatic sac on 35 sides in 19 cadaveric specimens. RESULTS A total of 21 patients (6 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 42.2 (range 15–67) years were included in the clinical study. Eleven patients had meningioma, 7 had vestibular schwannoma, 2 had hemangioblastoma, and 1 had epidermoid cyst. Gross-total, near-total, and subtotal removal were achieved in 7 (33.3%), 3 (14.3%), and 11 (52.4%) patients, respectively. In the cadaveric study, 19 cadaveric specimens were used. The sigmoid sinus was cut in the middle, and the incision was extended from the retrosigmoid to the presigmoid dura. The dura was then retracted upward and downward like opening a door. The results indicated that this technique can widen the operative field anteriorly by approximately 2 cm as compared to the retrosigmoid approach and provides a better view anterior to the brainstem. CONCLUSIONS The transsigmoid approach is useful for complex parabrainstem tumors in the posterior fossa because it provides a wider and shallower operative view with less retraction of the cerebellum. This enables safer tumor removal with less damage to important structures in the posterior fossa, resulting in better operative and clinical outcomes.

Published
2022
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25. Systems Development of a Two-Axis Stabilised Platform to Facilitate Astronomical Observations from a Moving Base

Author

James H. Hepworth and Hendrik Daniël Mouton

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Base (geometry), FOS: Physical sciences, Image processing, Systems and Control (eess.SY), Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, law.invention, Set (abstract data type), Telescope, Microcontroller, law, Control system, User control, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, User interface, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer hardware
Abstract

This project aimed to design, simulate, and implement a two-axis inertially stabilised platform (ISP) for use in astronomical applications. It aimed to approximate the stabilisation of a Meade ETX-90 3.5" compound telescope at low-cost using a mechanical assembly designed to geometrically and inertially model the telescope. A set of system specifications was developed to guide design decisions and to provide an analysis framework against which the performance of the implemented system was compared. The electro-mechanical structure of the ISP was designed and manufactured, the associated electrical systems were specified and configured, an image processing script capable of detecting and locating the centre of the Moon in a camera field-of-view was written, a complete simulation model for the system was developed and used to design various classical controllers for the ISP control system. These controllers were implemented on a STM32F051 microcontroller and a user interface was written in LabVIEW to facilitate intuitive user control of the system and perform datalogging of the system runtime data., 2019 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA)

Published
2023

26. Suitability of databases in the <scp>Asia‐Pacific</scp> for collaborative monitoring of vaccine safety

Author

Kui Huang, Nicole L. Pratt, Catherine Cohet, Sawaeng Watcharathanakij, James H. Stark, Alena Khromava, Wan-Ting Huang, Nam Kyong Choi, Edward Chia Cheng Lai, Sonali Kochhar, Tomomi Kimura, Katherine M Duszynski, Robert T. Chen, Kenneth K.C. Man, Ju-Young Shin, Duszynski, Katherine M, Stark, James H, Cohet, Catherine, Huang, Wan Ting, Shin, Ju Young, Lai, Edward Chia Cheng, Man, Kenneth KC, Choi, Nam Kyong, Khromava, Alena, Kimura, Tomomi, Huang, Kui, Watcharathanakij, Sawaeng, Kochhar, Sonali, Chen, Robert T, and Pratt, Nicole L

Subjects
safety, Vaccine safety, Asia, COVID-19 Vaccines, Databases, Factual, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, International Cooperation, Pacific Islands, computer.software_genre, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Data modeling, Pharmacovigilance, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Asia pacific, vaccine, Health care, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, electronic medical records, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Geography, Database, Health Information Interoperability, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Pharmacoepidemiology, Corporate governance, Asia-Pacific, COVID-19, Data access, business, computer
Abstract

Introduction: Information regarding availability of electronic healthcare databases in the Asia-Pacific region is critical for planning vaccine safety assessments particularly, as COVID-19 vaccines are introduced. This study aimed to identify data sources in the region, potentially suitable for vaccine safety surveillance. This manuscript is endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE). Methods: Nineteen countries targeted for database reporting were identified using published country lists and review articles. Surveillance capacity was assessed using two surveys: a 9-item introductory survey and a 51-item full survey. Survey questions related to database characteristics, covariate and health outcome variables, vaccine exposure characteristics, access and governance, and dataset linkage capability. Other questions collated research/regulatory applications of the data and local publications detailing database use for research. Results: Eleven databases containing vaccine-specific information were identified across 8 countries. Databases were largely national in coverage (8/11, 73%), encompassed all ages (9/11, 82%) with population size from 1.4 to 52 million persons. Vaccine exposure information varied particularly for standardized vaccine codes (5/11, 46%), brand (7/11, 64%) and manufacturer (5/11, 46%). Outcome data were integrated with vaccine data in 6 (55%) databases and available via linkage in 5 (46%) databases. Data approval processes varied, impacting on timeliness of data access. Conclusions: Variation in vaccine data availability, complexities in data access including, governance and data release approval procedures, together with requirement for data linkage for outcome information, all contribute to the challenges in building a distributed network for vaccine safety assessment in the Asia-Pacific and globally. Common data models (CDMs) may help expedite vaccine safety research across the region. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2021
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27. The Durability of EUS-Guided Chemoablation of Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the CHARM trial

Author

Jennifer L. Maranki, Niraj J. Gusani, Charles Dye, Heather D. Heisey, Abraham Mathew, Kayla M. Hartz, Leonard Walsh, Courtney Lester, Brandy D. Headlee, John M. Levenick, Matthew E.B. Dixon, Matthew T. Moyer, and James H. Birkholz

Subjects
Surgical resection, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Long term follow up, Gastroenterology, Malignancy, medicine.disease, Article, Pancreatic Neoplasms, stomatognathic diseases, Concomitant, Pancreatic cancer, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Pancreatic Cyst, Pancreatic cysts, business, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Pancreatic cancer has known precursor lesions with potential to develop into malignancy over time. At least 20% of pancreatic cancer evolves from mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, which are often discovered incidentally.1,2 Current guidelines for the management of mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms include long-term surveillance, which is expensive and nontherapeutic, or surgical resection, which is associated with major risk and may not be an option for patients with significant concomitant illness.3.

Published
2022
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28. Toward a new predoctoral model: Education and training in clinical psychopharmacology

Author

Tiffany Masson, Beth N. Rom-Rymer, Judith Steinman, Bret A. Moore, Michael Barr, Dina Glaser, Alyssa B. Cunningham, Gerardo Rodriguez-Menendez, Patrick DeLeon, Sarah Shelton, Breeda McGrath, Michele Nealon, and James H. Bray

Subjects
Pharmacology, Medical education, Psychopharmacology, business.industry, education, PsycINFO, Eleventh, Mental health, United States, Psychotherapy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Coursework, Health care, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Curriculum, Education, Graduate, business, Psychology, Accreditation
Abstract

A ubiquitous research finding in regional and national studies is that at least 40% of persons with mental disorders cannot access mental health services, and pharmacotherapy in particular. The American Psychological Association's (APA) designated programs for the provision of education and training in clinical psychopharmacology can be of great help in alleviating this national need. We address key developments relevant to the foundation of a predoctoral model of clinical psychopharmacology education and training. To this end, an overview of the Master of Science in Clinical Psychopharmacology (MSCP) program at The Chicago School of Professional Psychology (TCSPP) is presented. TCSPP is now enrolling its eleventh consecutive cohort of MSCP students, many of whom are doctoral students who are concurrently attending various APA accredited Health Service Psychology (HSP) programs. We provide two predoctoral routes for completing MSCP training: (a) a route allowing for the creation of concentrations in clinical psychopharmacology in Health Service Psychology (HSP) doctoral programs, providing up to half of MSCP coursework; and (b) a joint doctoral PsyD or PhD/MSCP program meeting APA accreditation and designation standards integrated into a 5-year curriculum to impart HSP graduates with the competencies to provide both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. We conclude with a discussion about the future direction of predoctoral clinical psychopharmacology education and training. Given its emphasis on neuroscience and interdisciplinary health care, such curricular models may help to address the nation's immediate mental health care needs, while serving to enhance the sustainability of HSP education and professional practice in the 21st Century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2022
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29. Connective tissue disease type mediates branch patency of grafts in open thoracoabdominal aortic reconstruction

Author

Rebecca Sorber, Caitlin J. Bowen, James H. Black, and Caitlin W. Hicks

Subjects
Adult, Male, Marfan syndrome, Thoracoabdominal aortic reconstruction, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Connective tissue, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, Article, Marfan Syndrome, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood loss, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Vascular Patency, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic, business.industry, Graft Occlusion, Vascular, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Connective tissue disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Case-Control Studies, Cohort, Female, Stents, CTD, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Despite a shared degenerative vascular phenotype, Marfan syndrome (MFS), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), and other genetically distinct connective tissue diseases (CTDs) have unique extravascular pathologies that impact the outcomes of aortic replacement. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of CTD genotype with postoperative outcomes and branch patency following open thoracoabdominal aortic replacement in a large institutional cohort. METHODS: All patients undergoing open branched thoracoabdominal aortic replacement at a single academic center from 2006 to 2020 were included and classified as CTD or non-CTD based on the presence of genotypic documentation. Outcomes were compared using analysis of variance and χ(2) testing for continuous and discrete variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to examine patency of graft branches over time. RESULTS: Overall, 172 patients were included, with a mean follow-up of 30.5 ± 34.9 months. CTD was present in 45 patients (26%); specifically, 32 had MFS, five had LDS, and eight had another CTD. Patients with CTDs had more extent II thoracoabdominal aneurysms (40% vs 15%), more reconstructed branches (3.5 vs 1.8), more frequently reconstructed visceral branches (86.7% vs 22.7%), and higher intraoperative blood loss (13.3 vs 6.8 L; all P < .05) compared with non-CTD patients. Patients with MFS were more frequently systemically anticoagulated preoperatively (50% vs 5%) and demonstrated higher rates of postoperative deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism compared with non-CTD patients (9% vs 2%; both P < .05). Five-year renal branch patency was decreased among all patients compared with visceral branches (87.3% vs 95.6%; P = .05), but there were no individual branch patency differences between patients with and without CTDs (P = .086). Overall branch patency at 1 and 5 years was significantly higher in patients with MFS than in non-CTD patients (98.9% vs 89.1% at 5 years); there were no significant patency differences between non-CTD patients and any other CTD subgroup, mostly due to early patency loss. CONCLUSIONS: Open thoracoabdominal reconstruction in patients with CTD is technically challenging and associated with increased transfusion and postoperative thromboembolic events when compared with non-CTD patients. Technical outcomes of the procedure are excellent and are differentially associated with genotype, with patients with MFS experiencing significantly improved branch patency over both non-CTD patients and patients with other CTDs, a finding which has multifactorial drivers.

Published
2022
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30. Performance and High-Speed Characterization of a 100-kW Nested Hall Thruster

Author

Sarah E. Cusson, Thomas W. Haag, James H. Gilland, Scott J. Hall, Jonathan A. Mackey, Benjamin Jorns, Alec D. Gallimore, Hani Kamhawi, Matthew J. Baird, and Peter Y. Peterson

Subjects
Propellant, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Spectral density, chemistry.chemical_element, Magnetic field, Hall effect thruster, Characterization (materials science), Fuel Technology, Xenon, Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Aerospace engineering, Oscilloscope, business
Abstract

The performance of a three-channel, 100-kW nested Hall thruster was evaluated on xenon propellant for total powers up to 102 kW. The thruster demonstrated stable operation in all seven available ch...

Published
2022
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31. Prognostics With Variational Autoencoder by Generative Adversarial Learning

Author

James H. VanZwieten, Yu Huang, and Yufei Tang

Subjects
Training set, Computer science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Feature extraction, Probabilistic logic, 02 engineering and technology, Mixture model, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Autoencoder, Data modeling, Control and Systems Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Prognostics, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Performance improvement, Raw data, business, computer
Abstract

Prognostics predicts the future performance progression and remaining useful life (RUL) of in-service systems based on historical and contemporary data. One of the challenges in prognostics is the development of methods that are capable of handling real-world uncertainties that typically lead to inaccurate predictions. To alleviate the impacts of uncertainties and to achieve accurate degradation trajectory and RUL predictions, a novel sequence-to-sequence predictive model is proposed based on a variational autoencoder that is trained with generative adversarial networks. A long short-term memory network and a Gaussian mixture model are utilized as building blocks so that the model is capable of providing probabilistic predictions. Correlative and monotonic metrics are applied to identify sensitive features in the degradation progress, in order to reduce the uncertainty induced from raw data. Then, the selected features are concatenated with one-hot health state indicators as training data for the model to learn end of life without the need for prior knowledge of failure thresholds. Performance of the proposed model is validated by health monitoring data collected from real-world aeroengines, wind turbines, and lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrate that significant performance improvement can be achieved in long-term degradation progress and RUL prediction tasks.

Published
2022
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32. Exercise effects on cardiovascular disease: from basic aspects to clinical evidence

Author

James H. O'Keefe, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, Jorge Marín, Carme Perez-Quilis, Marco V Perez, Steven N. Blair, Carl J. Lavie, and Fabian Sanchis-Gomar

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, business.industry, Population, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Cardiorespiratory fitness, Disease, medicine.disease, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Endurance training, Clinical evidence, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, education, Physiologic Adaptations, Adverse effect, Intensive care medicine, business, Exercise
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 283453.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of major morbidity and CVD- and all-cause mortality in most of the world. It is now clear that regular physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) induces a wide range of direct and indirect physiologic adaptations and pleiotropic benefits for human general and CV health. Generally, higher levels of PA, ET, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are correlated with reduced risk of CVD, including myocardial infarction, CVD-related death, and all-cause mortality. Although exact details regarding the ideal doses of ET, including resistance and, especially, aerobic ET, as well as the potential adverse effects of extreme levels of ET, continue to be investigated, there is no question that most of the world's population have insufficient levels of PA/ET, and many also have lower than ideal levels of CRF. Therefore, assessment and promotion of PA, ET, and efforts to improve levels of CRF should be integrated into all health professionals' practices worldwide. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss the exercise effects on many areas related to CVD, from basic aspects to clinical practice.

Published
2022

33. The analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback for people with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Author

Wei-Ju Chang, Negin Hesam-Shariati, Michael A. Wewege, Andrew Booth, Chin-Teng Lin, Toby Newton-John, Zina Trost, Sylvia M. Gustin, and James H. McAuley

Subjects
Analgesic effect, Analgesics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain activity and meditation, Low Confidence, Chronic pain, Electroencephalography, Neurofeedback, medicine.disease, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Neurology, Sample size determination, Meta-analysis, Humans, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Chronic Pain, business, Pain Measurement
Abstract

Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback has been utilised to regulate abnormal brain activity associated with chronic pain. In this systematic review, we synthesised the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of EEG neurofeedback on chronic pain using random effects meta-analyses. Additionally, we performed a narrative review to explore the results of non-randomised studies. The quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tools, and the GRADE system was used to rate the certainty of evidence. Ten RCTs and 13 non-randomised studies were included. The primary meta-analysis on nine eligible RCTs indicated that although there is low confidence, EEG neurofeedback may have a clinically meaningful effect on pain intensity in short-term. Removing the studies with high risk of bias from the primary meta-analysis resulted in moderate confidence that there remained a clinically meaningful effect on pain intensity. We could not draw any conclusion from the findings of non-randomised studies, as they were mostly non-comparative trials or explorative case series. However, the extracted data indicated that the neurofeedback protocols in both RCTs and non-randomised studies mainly involved the conventional EEG neurofeedback approach, which targeted reinforcing either alpha or sensorimotor rhythms and suppressing theta and/or beta bands on one brain region at a time. A post-hoc analysis of RCTs utilising the conventional approach resulted in a clinically meaningful effect estimate for pain intensity. Although there is promising evidence on the analgesic effect of EEG neurofeedback, further studies with larger sample sizes and higher quality of evidence are required.

Published
2021
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34. Complications of Nasal SARS-CoV-2 Testing: A Review

Author

James H. Clark, Robert M. Naclerio, Sharon Pang, and Matthew L. Kashima

Subjects
Nasal cavity, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, Diagnostic accuracy, General Medicine, Disease control, Specimen Collection Site, United States, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Specimen Handling, Surgery, Anterior nares, COVID-19 Testing, medicine.anatomical_structure, Increased risk, stomatognathic system, Specimen collection, Nasopharynx, medicine, Humans, business
Abstract

Transnasal swab testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is well established. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advocates swabbing either of the anterior nares, middle turbinate, or nasopharynx for specimen collection depending on available local resources. The purpose of this review is to investigate complications related to transnasal SARS-CoV-2 testing with specific attention to specimen collection site and swab approach. The literature demonstrates that while nasopharyngeal swabbing is associated with an increased risk of complications, it should remain the gold-standard test due to greater diagnostic accuracy relative to anterior nasal and middle turbinate swabs.

Published
2021
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36. Effect of a PA-led arthritis center on hip and knee osteoarthritis care

Author

McKayla Kelly, Jacob M. Aja, James H. MacDonald, and Justin Turcotte

Subjects
Retrospective review, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MEDLINE, Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Knee, medicine.disease, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Nurse Assisting, Nonoperative treatment, Patient volume, Physician Assistants, Patient satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, medicine, Physical therapy, Humans, In patient, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effect of an arthritis center on patient care and operational throughput. Methods A single-institution, retrospective review was conducted of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis from January 2016 to October 2019. Our physician assistant (PA) led arthritis center opened in November 2017, and manages nonoperative treatment of osteoarthritis by formulating individualized treatment plans. Descriptive and inferential statistics comparing operational measures, treatment patterns, and patient satisfaction pre- and postcenter opening were performed. Results Overall patient volume, new patient volume, and the proportion of new patients seen increased after the arthritis center opened. Encounters per patient and clinicians seen per patient decreased, while the rate of injections and surgery increased. Patient satisfaction improved after opening of the arthritis center. Conclusions The establishment of a dedicated PA-led arthritis center is associated with improved access to care, operational efficiency, and patient satisfaction in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis.

Published
2021
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37. Specialty Mediated 30-Day Complications in First Rib Resection for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Author

Rebecca Sorber, Ying Wei Lum, Brady Campbell, James H. Black, M. Libby Weaver, Caitlin W. Hicks, and Joseph K. Canner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, First rib resection, Specialty, Ribs, Odds ratio, Perioperative, Decompression, Surgical, medicine.disease, Article, Surgery, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Venous thrombosis, Treatment Outcome, Pneumothorax, medicine, Humans, business, Retrospective Studies, Thoracic outlet syndrome
Abstract

Background Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) takes on heterogenous upper extremity manifestations depending on whether the artery, vein or brachial plexus is primarily compressed. As a result of these variable vascular and neurogenic symptoms, these patients present to surgeons of various training backgrounds for surgical decompression. Surgeon specialty is known to correlate with outcomes for numerous vascular procedures, but its role in TOS is unclear. In this work we examine the association of surgeon specialty with short-term outcomes following first rib resection (FRRS) for TOS. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, 3,070 patients were identified who underwent FRRS for TOS between 2006-2017. The primary outcomes of the study were 30-d complications, including postoperative hemorrhage requiring transfusion, wound complications, pneumothorax and deep venous thrombosis. Arterial, venous, and neurogenic TOS were distinguished with ICD-9 and 10 codes while patient characteristics, provider specialty, and postoperative outcomes were classified through a combination of standard National Surgical Quality Improvement Program variables and ICD data. Results Most FRRS were performed by vascular surgeons (87.9%), general (6.9%) and thoracic surgeons (4.4%). The relative distribution of vascular TOS between the specialties was not significantly different, with non-vascular surgeons performing an equivalent amount of FRRS for arterial (1.1% versus 2.4%) and venous TOS (8.6% versus 9.1%, both P> 0.05). Patients who underwent FRRS with non-vascular surgeons experienced more frequent perioperative transfusions (3.2% versus 1.2%, P = 0.001) and wound infections (1.9% versus 0.8%, P= 0.04). On multivariable regression, patients undergoing FRRS for venous TOS were more likely to require blood transfusion (odds ratios:3.63, 95% CI 1.43-9.25). Patients operated on by surgeons whose specialty was not among the top three most common specialties performing FRRS had a 40% longer operative time (incidence rate ratios:1.42, 95% CI 1.15-1.74) as well as a significantly increased odds of requiring a transfusion (odds ratios:9.87, 95% CI 2.28-42.68). Conclusions The significantly increased operative times and transfusion requirements associated with specialties who uncommonly perform FRRS suggest the role of surgeon experience and volume in this procedure may play more of a role than specialty training. These data also suggest that vascular TOS carries unique risks that should be kept in mind when performing FRRS.

Published
2021
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38. Prevention and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation via Risk Factor Modification

Author

Carl J. Lavie, Jessica E. Sturgess, Sanjaya Gupta, James H. O'Keefe, and Evan L. O’Keefe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, medicine.medical_treatment, Bariatric Surgery, Diet, Mediterranean, Lower risk, Cardioversion, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Weight loss, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Weight Loss, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Risk factor, Exercise, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Metabolic Syndrome, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, business.industry, Smoking, Atrial fibrillation, Overweight, medicine.disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Endurance Training, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiology, Smoking Cessation, Sedentary Behavior, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Atrial flutter, Diet Therapy
Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia, and it increases stroke risk. A preventive approach to AF is needed because virtually all treatments such as cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drugs, ablation, and anticoagulation are associated with high cost and carry significant risk. A systematic review was performed to identify effective lifestyle-based strategies for reducing primary and secondary AF. A PubMed search was performed using articles up to March 1, 2021. Search terms included atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, exercise, diet, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, stress, tobacco smoking, alcohol, Mediterranean diet, sodium, and omega-3 fatty acids. Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of retrieved articles. The control of hypertension, ideally with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, is effective for preventing primary AF and recurrence. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common cause of AF, and treating it effectively reduces AF episodes. Alcohol increases the risk of AF in a dose-dependent manner, and abstinence reduces risk of recurrence. Sedentary behavior and chronic high-intensity endurance exercise are both risk factors for AF; however, moderate physical activity is associated with lower risk of AF. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists have been associated with reduced risk of AF. Among overweight/obese patients, weight loss of ≥10% is associated with reduced AF risk. Lifestyle changes and risk factor modification are highly effective for preventing AF.

Published
2021
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39. Racial Disparities Associated With Reinterventions After Elective Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Author

James C. Iannuzzi, Elliott R. Haut, Caitlin W. Hicks, Christopher J. Abularrage, James H. Black, Devin S. Zarkowsky, Joseph K. Canner, and Dominique Vervoort

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medicare, Logistic regression, Article, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aortic aneurysm repair, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Endovascular Procedures, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease, United States, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Cohort, Etiology, Female, business, Medicaid, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Abstract

BACKGROUND: There are substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities underlying endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in the United States. To date, race-based variations in reinterventions following elective EVAR have not been studied. Here, we aim to examine racial disparities associated with reinterventions following elective EVAR in a real-world cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) EVAR dataset to identify all patients undergoing elective EVAR between January 2009 and December 2018 in the United States. We compared the association of race with reinterventions after EVAR and all-cause mortality using Welch two-sample t-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for baseline differences between groups. RESULTS: At median follow-up of 1.1±1.1 years (1.3±1.4 years Black, 1.1±1.1 years White; P=0.02), a total of 1,164 of 42,481 patients (2.7%) underwent reintervention after elective EVAR, including 2.7% (n = 1,096) White vs. 3.2% (n = 68) Black (P = 0.21). Black patients requiring reintervention were more frequently female, more frequently current or former smokers, and less frequently insured by Medicare/Medicaid (P

Published
2021
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40. The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Management, Prevention, and Control of Increasing Human Infections with Animal Orthopoxviruses

Author

James H. Diaz

Subjects
animal diseases, viruses, Cowpox, Population, Vaccinia virus, Orthopoxvirus, Poxviridae Infections, Herd immunity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monkeypox, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Animals, Humans, Smallpox, education, Buffalopox, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, Variola virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, United States, chemistry, Emergency Medicine, Vaccinia, business
Abstract

Zoonotic orthopoxvirus outbreaks have occurred repeatedly worldwide, including monkeypox in Africa and the United States, cowpox in Europe, camelpox in the Middle East and India, buffalopox in India, vaccinia in South America, and novel emerging orthopoxvirus infections in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America. Waning smallpox immunity may increase the potential for animal-to-human transmission followed by further community transmission person-to-person (as demonstrated by monkeypox and buffalopox outbreaks) and by contact with fomites (as demonstrated by camelpox, cowpox, and, possibly, Alaskapox). The objectives of this review are to describe the disease ecology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prevention, and control of human infections with animal orthopoxviruses and to discuss the association with diminished population herd immunity formerly induced by vaccinia vaccination against smallpox. Internet search engines were queried with key words, and case reports, case series, seroprevalence studies, and epidemiologic investigations were found for review.

Published
2021
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41. Nephrotoxic Mushroom Poisoning: Global Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Author

James H. Diaz

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Psilocybe cubensis, medicine.medical_treatment, Mushroom Poisoning, Kidney, chemistry.chemical_compound, Renal Dialysis, Amanita smithiana, medicine, Humans, Mushroom poisoning, Intensive care medicine, Mushroom, biology, business.industry, fungi, Orellanine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Acute Kidney Injury, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Europe, Transplantation, nervous system, Cortinarius, chemistry, Emergency Medicine, Hemodialysis, business, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

Because mushroom poisonings are increasing worldwide after ingestions of known, newly described, and formerly considered edible species, the objectives of this review are to describe the global epidemiology of nephrotoxic mushroom poisonings, to identify nephrotoxic mushrooms, to present a toxidromic approach to earlier diagnoses of nephrotoxic mushroom poisonings based on the onset of acute renal failure, and to compare the outcomes of renal replacement management strategies. Internet search engines were queried with the keywords to identify scientific articles on nephrotoxic mushroom poisonings and their management during the period of 1957 to the present. Although hepatotoxic, amatoxin-containing mushrooms cause most mushroom poisonings and fatalities, nephrotoxic mushrooms, most commonly Cortinarius species, can cause acute renal insufficiency and failure. Several new species of nephrotoxic mushrooms have been identified, including Amanita proxima and Tricholoma equestre in Europe and Amanita smithiana in the United States and Canada. In addition, the edible, hallucinogenic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis has been noted recently via mass spectrometry as a rare cause of acute renal insufficiency. Renal replacement therapies including hemodialysis are often indicated in the management of nephrotoxic mushroom poisonings, with renal transplantation reserved for extracorporeal treatment failures.

Published
2021
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42. Machine learning models compared to existing criteria for noninvasive prediction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis

Author

James H. Tabibian, John M. Azizian, Harry Trieu, Tien S. Dong, Simon W. Beaven, Camellia Dalai, Formosa C. Chen, and Anand Rajan

Subjects
Noninvasive imaging, Bile duct disorders, Common bile duct stones, Gallstones, RC799-869, Logistic regression, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Article, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Clinical Research, Medicine, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, Hepatology, Common bile duct, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ultrasound, Gastroenterology, Odds ratio, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Machine learning models (MLMs), Machine learning models, Biomedical Imaging, Artificial intelligence, business, Digestive Diseases, computer, Body mass index
Abstract

Background and aims Noninvasive predictors of choledocholithiasis have generally exhibited marginal performance characteristics. We aimed to identify noninvasive independent predictors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-confirmed choledocholithiasis and accordingly developed predictive machine learning models (MLMs). Methods Clinical data of consecutive patients undergoing first-ever ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis from 2015 to 2019 were abstracted from a prospectively-maintained database. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis. MLMs were then trained to predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis using pre-ERCP ultrasound (US) imaging only as well as using all available noninvasive imaging (US, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography). The diagnostic performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) “high-likelihood” criteria was compared to MLMs. Results We identified 270 patients (mean age 46 years, 62.2% female, 73.7% Hispanic/Latino, 59% with noninvasive imaging positive for choledocholithiasis) with native papilla who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis, of whom 230 (85.2%) were found to have ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis. Logistic regression identified choledocholithiasis on noninvasive imaging (odds ratio (OR) = 3.045, P = 0.004) and common bile duct (CBD) diameter on noninvasive imaging (OR = 1.157, P = 0.011) as predictors of ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis. Among the various MLMs trained, the random forest-based MLM performed best; sensitivity was 61.4% and 77.3% and specificity was 100% and 75.0%, using US-only and using all available imaging, respectively. ASGE high-likelihood criteria demonstrated sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 25.0%; using cut-points achieving this specificity, MLMs achieved sensitivity up to 97.7%. Conclusions MLMs using age, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of diabetes, fever, body mass index (BMI), total bilirubin, maximum CBD diameter, and choledocholithiasis on pre-ERCP noninvasive imaging predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis with good sensitivity and specificity and outperform the ASGE criteria for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Published
2021

43. Poorer Muscle Quality and Quantity With ART Initiation Is Associated With Greater Inflammation and Immune Activation

Author

Judith S. Currier, Todd T. Brown, James H. Stein, Jordan E. Lake, Ann Scherzinger, Maxine Olefsky, Carlee Moser, Grace A. McComsey, Kristine M. Erlandson, and Arianna Kousari

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, muscle, CD14, antiretroviral therapy, Clinical Sciences, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, ectopic fat, HIV Infections, Inflammation, CD38, Emtricitabine, Article, immune activation, Clinical Research, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Highly Active, Pharmacology (medical), Muscle, Skeletal, Interleukin-6, business.industry, HIV, Skeletal muscle, Skeletal, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Raltegravir, C-Reactive Protein, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune System, Public Health and Health Services, Lean body mass, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers, CD8, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle density (greater fat accumulation), suggesting that gains in lean body mass seen in many ART studies may reflect gains in low quality, fatty muscle. Here, we explore whether skeletal muscle density and area are associated with markers of inflammation and immune activation. METHODS ART-naive people with HIV were randomized to raltegravir or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or darunavir, each with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. Abdominal computed tomography scans from baseline and week 96 were reanalyzed for psoas density and area and correlations explored with inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein] and immune activation [soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble CD163 (sCD163), and %CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells]. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-two participants had available inflammation/immune activation markers and paired computed tomography scans. At baseline, lower psoas density (greater fat) correlated with higher IL-6 (r = -0.26, P < 0.001) and sCD163 (r -0.15, P = 0.03) and lower lean psoas area correlated with higher IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, sCD14, sCD163, and %CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ T cells (r = -0.30-0.13; all P ≤ 0.05). From baseline to week 96, greater percent decrease in total psoas density (more fat) correlated with greater increase in IL-6 (r = -0.14; P = 0.04); greater % decrease in lean psoas area correlated greater increases in IL-6, sCD14, sCD163, and %CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ T cells (r = -0.15 to -0.18; all P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Greater fat infiltration within the psoas muscle (lower density) and greater loss in lean psoas muscle area were associated with higher inflammation and immune activation, which may portend important effects on muscle function and cardiometabolic risk.

Published
2021
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44. Burn Resuscitation Practices in North America: Results of the Acute Burn ResUscitation Multicenter Prospective Trial (ABRUPT)

Author

Julie A Rizzo, Sandra L. Taylor, Rajiv Sood, Angela Gibson, Robert Cartotto, M. A. Marano, Giavonni M. Lewis, Edward E. Tredget, Jeffrey R. Fine, Carlos J. Jimenez, Herbert Phelan, James H. Holmes, Kevin N Foster, Sarah Fischer, Ariel M. Aballay, David T. Hill, Lucy Wibbenmeyer, David J. Smith, Mark R. Hemmila, Anjay Khandelwal, David G. Greenhalgh, Anthony Baldea, and Jeremy Goverman

Subjects
Parkland formula, Resuscitation, business.industry, Organ dysfunction, Albumin, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Prospective trial, law, Anesthesia, medicine, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Prospective cohort study, Total body surface area
Abstract

Objectives ABRUPT was a prospective, non-interventional, observational study of resuscitation practices at 21 burn centers. The primary goal was to examine burn resuscitation with albumin or crystalloids alone, in order to design a future prospective randomized trial. Summary background data No modern prospective study has determined whether to use colloids or crystalloids for acute burn resuscitation. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years with burns ≥ 20% total body surface area (TBSA) had hourly documentation of resuscitation parameters for 48 hours. Patients received either crystalloids alone or had albumin supplemented to crystalloid based on center protocols. Results Of 379 enrollees, two-thirds (253) were resuscitated with albumin and one-third (126) were resuscitated with crystalloid alone. Albumin patients received more total fluid than Crystalloid patients (5.2± 2.3 versus 3.7 ± 1.7 mL/kg/% TBSA burn/24 hours) but patients in the Albumin Group were older, had larger burns, higher admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and more inhalation injury. Albumin lowered the in-to-out (I/O) ratio and was started ≤ 12 hours in patients with the highest initial fluid requirements, given >12 hours with intermediate requirements, and avoided in patients who responded to crystalloid alone. Conclusion Albumin use is associated with older age, larger and deeper burns, and more severe organ dysfunction at presentation. Albumin supplementation is started when initial crystalloid rates are above expected targets and improves the I/O ratio. The fluid received in the first 24 hours was at or above the Parkland Formula estimate.

Published
2023

45. Pharmacological treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews

Author

Benedict M Wand, Maurits W. van Tulder, Aidan G Cashin, Neil E O'Connell, Hopin Lee, Andrea D Furlan, Christopher G. Maher, Matthew K Bagg, James H. McAuley, and Edel O'Hagan

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, education, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Acute Pain/drug therapy, Buprenorphine/therapeutic use, Pharmacology (medical), Analgesics, Low Back Pain/drug therapy, Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects, business.industry, Low back pain, Pharmacological interventions, Physical therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects, Acetaminophen/therapeutic use, medicine.symptom, Opioid/adverse effects, business, Tramadol/therapeutic use, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological interventions are the most used treatment for low back pain (LBP). Use of evidence from systematic reviews of the effects of pharmacological interventions for LBP published in the Cochrane Library, is limited by lack of a comprehensive overview.OBJECTIVES: To summarise the evidence from Cochrane Reviews of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of systemic pharmacological interventions for adults with non-specific LBP.METHODS: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched from inception to 3 June 2021, to identify reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated systemic pharmacological interventions for adults with non-specific LBP. Two authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the reviews and certainty of the evidence using the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE tools. The review focused on placebo comparisons and the main outcomes were pain intensity, function, and safety.MAIN RESULTS: Seven Cochrane Reviews that included 103 studies (22,238 participants) were included. There is high confidence in the findings of five reviews, moderate confidence in one, and low confidence in the findings of another. The reviews reported data on six medicines or medicine classes: paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines, opioids, and antidepressants. Three reviews included participants with acute or sub-acute LBP and five reviews included participants with chronic LBP. Acute LBP Paracetamol There was high-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference between paracetamol and placebo for reducing pain intensity (MD 0.49 on a 0 to 100 scale (higher scores indicate worse pain), 95% CI -1.99 to 2.97), reducing disability (MD 0.05 on a 0 to 24 scale (higher scores indicate worse disability), 95% CI -0.50 to 0.60), and increasing the risk of adverse events (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.33). NSAIDs There was moderate-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring NSAIDs compared to placebo at reducing pain intensity (MD -7.29 on a 0 to 100 scale (higher scores indicate worse pain), 95% CI -10.98 to -3.61), high-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference for reducing disability (MD -2.02 on a 0-24 scale (higher scores indicate worse disability), 95% CI -2.89 to -1.15), and very low-certainty evidence for no evidence of an increased risk of adverse events (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0. 63 to 1.18). Muscle relaxants and benzodiazepines There was moderate-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring muscle relaxants compared to placebo for a higher chance of pain relief (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.76), and higher chance of improving physical function (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.77), and increased risk of adverse events (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1. 14 to 1.98). Opioids None of the included Cochrane Reviews aimed to identify evidence for acute LBP. Antidepressants No evidence was identified by the included reviews for acute LBP. Chronic LBP Paracetamol No evidence was identified by the included reviews for chronic LBP. NSAIDs There was low-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring NSAIDs compared to placebo for reducing pain intensity (MD -6.97 on a 0 to 100 scale (higher scores indicate worse pain), 95% CI -10.74 to -3.19), reducing disability (MD -0.85 on a 0-24 scale (higher scores indicate worse disability), 95% CI -1.30 to -0.40), and no evidence of an increased risk of adverse events (RR 1.04, 95% CI -0.92 to 1.17), all at intermediate-term follow-up (> 3 months and ≤ 12 months postintervention). Muscle relaxants and benzodiazepines There was low-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring benzodiazepines compared to placebo for a higher chance of pain relief (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93), and low-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference between muscle relaxants and placebo in the risk of adverse events (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.57). Opioids There was high-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring tapentadol compared to placebo at reducing pain intensity (MD -8.00 on a 0 to 100 scale (higher scores indicate worse pain), 95% CI -1.22 to -0.38), moderate-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring strong opioids for reducing pain intensity (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.33), low-certainty evidence for a medium between-group difference favouring tramadol for reducing pain intensity (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.44) and very low-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring buprenorphine for reducing pain intensity (SMD -0.41, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.26). There was moderate-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring strong opioids compared to placebo for reducing disability (SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.15), moderate-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring tramadol for reducing disability (SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.07), and low-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference favouring buprenorphine for reducing disability (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.25). There was low-certainty evidence for a small between-group difference for an increased risk of adverse events for opioids (all types) compared to placebo; nausea (RD 0.10, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.14), headaches (RD 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05), constipation (RD 0.07, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11), and dizziness (RD 0.08, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.11). Antidepressants There was low-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference for antidepressants (all types) compared to placebo for reducing pain intensity (SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.17) and reducing disability (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.29).AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found no high- or moderate-certainty evidence that any investigated pharmacological intervention provided a large or medium effect on pain intensity for acute or chronic LBP compared to placebo. For acute LBP, we found moderate-certainty evidence that NSAIDs and muscle relaxants may provide a small effect on pain, and high-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference between paracetamol and placebo. For safety, we found very low- and high-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference with NSAIDs and paracetamol compared to placebo for the risk of adverse events, and moderate-certainty evidence that muscle relaxants may increase the risk of adverse events. For chronic LBP, we found low-certainty evidence that NSAIDs and very low- to high-certainty evidence that opioids may provide a small effect on pain. For safety, we found low-certainty evidence for no evidence of difference between NSAIDs and placebo for the risk of adverse events, and low-certainty evidence that opioids may increase the risk of adverse events.

Published
2023
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46. Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of antidepressants for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Sylvia M. Gustin, Rodrigo R N Rizzo, Colleen Loo, Michael A. Wewege, James H. McAuley, Matthew K Bagg, Matthew D. Jones, Hayley B. Leake, Michael C Ferraro, Richard O. Day, Aidan G Cashin, Ferraro, Michael C, Bagg, Matthew K, Wewege, Michael A, Cashin, Aidan G, Leake, Hayley B, Rizzo, Rodrigo RN, Jones, Matthew D, Gustin, Sylvia M, Day, R, Loo, Colleen K, and McAuley, James H

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Medicine (miscellaneous), lcsh:Medicine, CINAHL, Review, Placebo, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Low back pain, 030212 general & internal medicine, Analgesics, business.industry, Research, Minimal clinically important difference, lcsh:R, Antidepressants, Antidepressive Agents, Clinical trial, Meta-analysis, Physical therapy, Drug therapy, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Antidepressant medicines are used to manage symptoms of low back pain. The efficacy, acceptability, and safety of antidepressant medicines for low back pain (LBP) are not clear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of antidepressant medicines for LBP. Methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform from inception to May 2020. We included published and trial registry reports of RCTs that allocated adult participants with LBP to receive an antidepressant medicine or a placebo medicine. Pairs of authors independently extracted data in duplicate. We extracted participant characteristics, study sample size, outcome values, and measures of variance for each outcome. We data using random-effects meta-analysis models and calculated estimates of effects and heterogeneity for each outcome. We formed judgments of confidence in the evidence in accordance with GRADE. We report our findings in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We prespecified all outcomes in a prospectively registered protocol. The primary outcomes were pain intensity and acceptability. We measured pain intensity at end-of-treatment on a 0–100 point scale and considered 10 points the minimal clinically important difference. We defined acceptability as the odds of stopping treatment for any reason. Results We included 23 RCTs in this review. Data were available for pain in 17 trials and acceptability in 14 trials. Treatment with antidepressants decreased pain intensity by 4.33 points (95% CI − 6.15 to − 2.50) on a 0–100 scale, compared to placebo. Treatment with antidepressants increased the odds of stopping treatment for any reason (OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.56]), compared to placebo. Conclusions Treatment of LBP with antidepressants is associated with small reductions in pain intensity and increased odds of stopping treatment for any reason, compared to placebo. The effect on pain is not clinically important. The effect on acceptability warrants consideration. These findings provide Level I evidence to guide clinicians in their use of antidepressants to treat LBP. Trial registration We prospectively registered the protocol for this systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42020149275).

Published
2021

47. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author

Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M 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Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M Rivest, Sandra S Zier, Sandra Ahoud, Sandy Carr, Sanjay Ganapathi, Sanjay Shetty, Sanjeev Sharma, Santa Jimenez, Santhosh Satheesh, Santiago A Garcia, Sara Fernandez, Sara Karlsson, Sara Salkind, Sara Temiyasathit, Sarah Medina Rodriguez, Sarah Beaudry, Sarah Hadjih, Sarah Williams, Sarah Zahrani, Sarju Ralhan, Sasa Hinic, Sasko Kedev, Satinder Singh, Satoshi Yasuda, Satvic Cholenahally Manjunath, Sau Lee, Scott M Kaczkowski, Scott Kinlay, Sean W Hayes, Sebastian Sobczak, Senait Asier, Sergey A Sayganov, Seth I Sokol, Shaheen Pandie, Shaiful Azmi Yahaya, Shamir Mehta, Shao-Ping Nie, Sharad Chandra, Sharder Islam, Sharon Tai, Sheetal Rupesh Karwa, Sheri Ussery, Sheromani Bajaj, Sherron C Crook, Shigeyuki Nishimura, Shintaro Nakano, Shirin Heydari, Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Shivali Patel, Shobana Ganesan, Shruti Pandey, Shuyang Zhang, Shweta Hande, Siddharth Gadage, Sik-Yin V Tan, Silvia Zottis Poletti, Silvia Riera, Silvia Valbuena, Simon Walsh, Simona Maspoli, Simone Savaris, Si-Ting Feng, So Yang Cho, Solomon Yakubov, Songlin Zhu, Songtao Wang, Sonia Guerrero, Sonika Gupta, Sonja Salinger Martinovic, Sonya Brons, Sorin Brener, Sothinathan Gurunathan, Souheil Saba, Soundarya Nayak, Sowjanya Reddy, Srinivasa Potluri, Sriram Sudarshan, Srun Kuanprasert, Stacie Van Oosterhout, Stamatios Lerakis, Stanley E Cobos, Stefan C Bertog, Stefan M Simović, Stefan Weikl, Stefano Di Marco, Stefano Provasoli, Stephanie A Tirado, Stephanie C Boer, Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits

Subjects
Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).

Published
2020
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49. Noninferiority Study Comparing Latanoprost 0.005% Without Versus With Benzalkonium Chloride in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension

Author

Matthew McMenemy, David Wirta, Ranjan Malhotra, Brittany Mitchell, James H. Peace, Kenneth N Sall, and Bridgitte Shen Lee

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Open angle glaucoma, business.industry, Ocular hypertension, medicine.disease, Ophthalmology, Benzalkonium chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Prostaglandins F, Synthetic, medicine, Humans, Latanoprost, Ocular Hypertension, Ophthalmic Solutions, Benzalkonium Compounds, business, Antihypertensive Agents, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, medicine.drug
Abstract

To evaluate the noninferiority of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering latanoprost without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) versus latanoprost with BAK (for treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension).Overall, 578 patients were randomized 1:1 to latanoprost without BAK or latanoprost with BAK once daily in the affected eye(s) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was IOP, measured on days 0, 7, 28, 56, and 84 (8 am, 10 am, and 4 pm). Noninferiority was established if the following criteria were met: 95% confidence interval (CI) of the mean difference between treatments included 0 mm Hg for all time points (N1), 95% CI upper limit less than 1.5 mm Hg (N2), and less than 1 mm Hg for≥7 of 12 time points (N3). Primary efficacy analysis was performed on the intent-to-treat population. Safety measurements included ocular and systemic adverse event (AE).The 95% CI included 0 mm Hg for 7/12 time points (N1), 95% CI upper limit was less than 1.5 mm Hg for 12/12 time points (N2), and less than 1.0 mm Hg for 4/7 time points (N3). AEs were mild and similarly distributed between groups.Latanoprost without BAK did not meet two of three criteria for noninferiority and showed a similar safety profile relative to latanoprost with BAK.

Published
2021
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50. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens placement in patients with Fuchs corneal dystrophy: a review of the current literature

Author

Rachel Huynh, James H Ellis, and Majid Moshirfar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Visual Acuity, Intraocular lens, Cataract, Lens Implantation, Intraocular, Cornea, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, In patient, education, Lenses, Intraocular, education.field_of_study, Corneal Decompensation, business.industry, Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy, General Medicine, Perioperative, Phacoemulsification, Cataract surgery, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, sense organs, business, Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty
Abstract

Purpose of review Late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is seen in approximately 4% of individuals over the age of 40. With the growing population of adults over the age of 65, ophthalmologists need to be aware of the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative considerations involved in cataract surgery in Fuchs patients. Recent findings Management of cataract patients with FECD requires preoperative assessment of endothelial cell size, density, and morphology. Considerations for perioperative endothelial cell loss include patients with hyperopia and shallow anterior chambers, phacoemulsification technique, transfer of ultrasonic energy to the cornea, corneal-protective perioperative agents, as well as thermal and mechanical damage. Summary Ophthalmologists performing cataract surgery on patients with FECD must carefully consider the risks of endothelial cell loss during surgery and minimize the risk of corneal decompensation after surgery. Preoperative management should evaluate the severity of the FECD as well as individual factors such as cataract density, the health and thickness of the cornea, and the anterior chamber depth. Perioperative techniques, adjustments to biometry calculations, and intraocular lens (IOL) selection may help optimize visual outcomes and recovery time.

Published
2021
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