1. Cardiac Abnormalities Seen in Pediatric Patients During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic: An International Experience
- Author
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Shazia Mohsin, Daphne T. Hsu, Carles Bautista-Rodriguez, M.C. Escobar-Diaz, Nadine F. Choueiter, Georgia Sarquella-Brugada, Jake Kleinmahon, Nadeem Aslam, Sergi Cesar, Paula C Randanne, Devyani Chowdhury, Jacqueline M. Lamour, Abdul Sattar Shaikh, Hechaan Kang, Alain Fraisse, Diego Lara, Bradley C. Clark, Jonathan N. Johnson, and Joan Sanchez-de-Toledo
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Ventricular tachycardia ,Pericardial effusion ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Shock (circulatory) ,Pandemic ,Cohort ,medicine ,Kawasaki disease ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background During the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic, there has been an increase in hyperinflammatory presentation in previously healthy children with a variety of cardiac manifestations. Our objective is to describe the cardiac manifestations found in an international cohort of 55 pediatric cases with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome during the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic. Methods and Results We reviewed data on previously healthy pediatric patients (≤18 years) with structurally normal hearts who presented at hospitals in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, and Pakistan with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children and had consultation with a pediatric cardiologist. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory values, electrocardiographic abnormalities, echocardiographic findings, and initial therapies. A total of 55 patients presented with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children. Thirty‐five patients (64%) had evidence of decreased left ventricular function, 17 (31%) had valvulitis, 12 (22%) with pericardial effusion, and 11 (20%) with coronary abnormalities. Twenty‐seven (49%) required intensive care unit admission and 24 (44%) had evidence of shock. Eleven patients (20%) fulfilled complete Kawasaki disease criteria and had lower NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), D‐dimer, and ferritin levels compared with those who did not fulfill criteria. Electrophysiologic abnormalities occurred in 6 patients and included complete atrioventricular block, transient atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia. Conclusions To our knowledge, we describe the first international cohort of pediatric patients with multi‐system inflammatory syndrome in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic with a range of cardiac manifestations. This article brings awareness and alertness to the global medical community to recognize these children during the pandemic and understand the need for early cardiology evaluation and follow‐up.
- Published
- 2020
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