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The objective of this study was to determine biological effects of Cirsium japonicum extract and its main component cirsimaritin on high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in a mouse model. Mice were fed with a HFD to induce MAFLD and simultaneously administered with C. japonicum extract (CJE) or cirsimaritin. Various MAFLD biomarkers were evaluated using biological methods. Results demonstrated that triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver of mice were significantly reduced upon administration of CJE or cirsimaritin. Treatment with CJE or cirsimaritin also reduced the severity of liver injury in the experimental mouse model of MAFLD by inhibiting hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate that CJE and cirsimaritin as its main compound have a preventive action against the progression of hepatic steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Our study suggests that CJE and cirsimaritin might be promising agents for preventing and/or treating MAFLD., Cirsium japonicum and Cir improved HFD‐induced MAFLD through inhibition of hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Purpose An increasing number of people are suffering from hair loss disorders. Niacinamide has long been used as an active ingredient for anti-hair loss preparations but the exact mechanism has not been clearly elucidated yet. The effects of niacinamide were investigated in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Methods To investigate the anti-hair loss effect of niacinamide and its molecular mechanisms, Western blot analysis, ELISA, quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed. To study the protective effects of niacinamide against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, ROS generation and cytotoxicity were evaluated by DCF-DA assay and LDH release assay, respectively. Minoxidil was used as a positive control. Results Niacinamide decreased the protein expression level of DKK-1 which promotes regression of hair follicles by inducing catagen. The protein expression levels of cell senescence markers, p21 (CDKN1A) and p16 (CDKN2A) which are related to cell cycle arrest, were decreased. The expression of versican was increased by niacinamide treatment in cultured hDPCs. We have found that niacinamide decreased the H2O2-induced intracellular ROS production in cultured hDPCs. Moreover, niacinamide decreased the protein expression levels of H2O2-induced p21 and p16 and diminished the secretion of H2O2-induced DKK-1. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that niacinamide could enhance hair growth by preventing oxidative stress-induced cell senescence and premature catagen entry of hair follicles.

Objective Electroacupuncture (EA) is used in the treatment of various diseases through the use of electrical stimulation. Reports of adverse events (AEs) associated with acupuncture are relatively consistent, but the safety of EA has been less well reported. In this systematic review, we provide a summary of the types of AEs related to EA in clinical practice. Methods Twelve electronic databases, including those in English (PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, CENTRAL), Korean (KMbase, KISS, NDSL, KISTI, OASIS), Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu) and Japanese (J-STAGE), were systematically searched for single case studies and case series through April 2018. There were no language restrictions. We included clinical studies in which EA was used as a key intervention and in which AEs that may have been causally related to EA were reported. Results Thirty-seven studies, including 27 single case studies and 10 case series, were evaluated. The most frequently reported AEs were pallor (eight cases), skin pigmentation (eight cases), vertigo (seven cases), chest tightness (six cases), vomiting (six cases) and unconsciousness (five cases). Thirty-one cases (62%) achieved full recovery and three cases (6%) achieved partial recovery. There were also three cases of death (6%). Conclusion AEs related to EA included acupuncture-related AEs and serious AEs induced by electrical stimulation. Currently, specific stimulation conditions associated with EA-specific AEs are not identifiable due to inappropriate reporting. However, skin pigmentation, syncope or spasm, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock, cardiac emergencies, electrical burns, and potential internal organ injury are potential EA-specific AEs regarding which physicians should be cautious in clinical practice.

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as NF-kappaB and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

In this paper, we propose an improved optimal decoupling capacitor (decap) design method based on Q-learning algorithm for high-performance solid-state drive (SSD). The proposed method selects optimal decap combinations that satisfies target impedance with minimum decap number. Based on Q-learning algorithm combined with transmission line theory, optimal decap combinations of power distribution network (PDN) can be provided. The proposed method was verified with voltage ripple measurement and PDN impedance simulation using SSD for high-performance server application. Conventional decap optimization method are using complex and time-consuming analytical tool with power integrity (PI) domain expertise. However, the proposed method requires only the PDN and decap information along with a simple Q-learning model without PI knowledge, providing faster and accurate results than full search optimization method. For example, in 21 decaps combination problem, the proposed method’s computing time consumes only few minutes, 89.09 sec, which is significantly reduced result compared with the conventional full search simulation. Therefore, we expected the proposed method can be widely used to solve for decap optimization problem with complex PDN.

In this paper, we proposed a novel methodology to offer power distribution network (PDN) design guide for PCB power integrity (PI) design for high performance solid-state-drive (SSD). Compared with conventional target-impedance (Z) formulated by current profile of a chip power model (CPM), the proposed methodology utilizes a measurement based current spectrum and a hierarchical PDN-Z model. In order to solve the fundamental limitations of the narrow-banded CPM current model, we successfully measured the PCB-level current of memory packages consisting of the SSD device and converted the measured current values to the chip-level current values using Y-matrix of the hierarchical PDN-Z model consisting of a PCB, a test interposer, a package, and a chip. High-capacity SSD devices are too expensive to make PCBs for design of experiments to test device performance with current measurement. Therefore, we made a test interposer to measure cost-efficiently a current spectrum for each specific power-domain of a unit package such as a DRAM, a NAND, and a SSD controller that all consisting of a SSD device without disturbing SSD’s normal operations.

Atopic dermatitis, a chronic relapsing and pruritic inflammation of the skin also thought to be involved in, or caused by immune system destruction is an upsetting health problem due to its continuously increasing incidence especially in developed countries. Mast cell infiltration in atopic dermatitis skin lesions and its IgE-mediated activation releases various cytokines and chemokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This study was aimed at investigating synergistic anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE) and Muscat bailey A grapefruit stem extract (GFSE) in atopic dermatitis-like induced skin lesions in mice. Combinations of DLE and GFSE inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production more than DLE or GFSE in PMA plus calcium ionophore A23187-activated HMC-1 cells. DLE and GFSE synergistically inhibited compound 48/80-induced dermal infiltration of mast cells and reduced scratching behavior than DLE or GFSE. Furthermore, DLE and GFSE synergistically showed a stronger ameliorative effect in skin lesions by reducing clinical scores; dermal infiltration of mast cells; ear and dorsal skin thickness; serum IgE and IL-4 production in atopic dermatitis-like mice. Collectively, these results suggest that DLE and GFSE synergistically exhibit anti-atopic dermatitis effects in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To find relationship between sleep breathing sounds and various polysomnographic features. METHOD: Patients who underwent PSG with audio recording using a microphone were included. After noise reduction preprocessing, the data were segmented into 5-second windows and sound features were extracted. A simple linear regression of various sound features were performed with various PSG features including apnea hypopnea index (AHI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI), Oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and respiratory arousal (RA). Also prediction of PSG features from sleep breathing sounds had been established using machine learning. RESULT: A total of 116 subjects were included. A total of 508 sound features were extracted. Among them, Derivative of Area Method of Moments Overall Standard Deviation was the most distinguishing feature that explained AHI (R2= 0.628), AI (R2=0.620), ODI (R2= 0.641), SpO2 CONCLUSION: Similar prediction values were acquired with simple linear regression and machine learning. Especially machine learning resulted in a better performance regarding to AI and Time of SpO2

The calculation of lashing forces on containerships is one of the most important aspects in terms of cargo safety, as well as slot utilization, especially for large containerships such as more than 10,000 TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit). It is a challenge for stowage planners when large containerships are in the last port of region because mostly the ship is full and the stacks on deck are very high. However, the lashing force calculation is highly dependent on the Classification society (Class) where the ship is certified, its formula is not published and it is different per each Class (e.g., Lloyd, DNVGL, ABS, BV, and so on). Therefore, the lashing result calculation can only be verified by the Class certified by the Onboard Stability Program (OSP). To ensure that the lashing result is compiled in the stowage plan submitted, stowage planners in office must rely on the same copy of OSP. This study introduces the model to extract the features and to predict the lashing forces with machine learning without explicit calculation of lashing force. The multimodal deep learning with the ANN, CNN and RNN, and AutoML approach is proposed for the machine learning model. The trained model is able to predict the lashing force result and its result is close to the result from its Class.

Purpose. This trial was performed to investigate the efficacy of laser acupuncture for the alleviation of lower back pain.Methods. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the laser acupuncture group (n=28) or the sham laser acupuncture group (n=28). Participants in both groups received three treatment sessions over the course of one week. Thirteen acupuncture points were selected. The visual analogue scale for pain, pressure pain threshold, Patient Global Impression of Change, and Euro-Quality-of-Life Five Dimensions questionnaire (Korean version) were used to evaluate the effect of laser acupuncture treatment on lower back pain.Results. There were no significant differences in any outcome between the two groups, although the participants in both groups showed a significant improvement in each assessed parameter relative to the baseline values.Conclusion. Although there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups, the results suggest that laser acupuncture can provide effective pain alleviation and can be considered an option for relief from lower back pain. Further studies using long-term intervention, a larger sample size, and rigorous methodology are required to clarify the effect of laser acupuncture on lower back pain.

지속적인 유가 상승과 탄소배출 규제 강화는 기업들로 하여금 높은 경쟁력을 가지도록 요구한다. 따라서 고객 서비스 증대와 비용절감을 위해 효율적인 물류시스템을 구축하고 운영하는 것에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으며 비용 경쟁력을 가지는 친환경 산업단지의 필요성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 부산시에서는 친환경정책을 통해 경쟁우위를 점하고 부족한 산업단지를 충족시키기 위해 서부산권에 '부산신항배후 국제산업물류도시'를 선정하고 개발을 진행하고 있다. 이러한 산업단지를 구축하기 위해서는 적절한 정책과 화물수송 공동화를 통한 물류시스템이 필요하다. 특히, 산업 단지내 물류시스템의 체계구축을 통한 효율적인 운영은 저비용 친환경적인 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 물류체계를 분석하고 분석내용을 바탕으로 물류네트워크 운영모델을 제시함으로서 산업단지의 기반을 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 【Companies are facing challenges to have high competitiveness because of continuous oil price rising and CO2 emissions regulations. Thus, companies are trying hard to construct effective logistics and operation system to achieve high customer service quality and saving cost. Also the ec-friendly idustrial complex is needed. Busan is in process to construct GILC(Global Industry Logistics City) in west Busan province to achieve high competitiveness and support lack of industrial complex. To construct this kind of logistics industrial complex, it needs logistics system through proper policy and freight transportation co-operation. Especially, efficient management through logistics hierarchy construction in industrial complex is very important for low cost and eco-friendly point of view. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze logistics system and suggest operation model to present logistics complex construction base data.】

Background: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common causes of chronic lower back pain and radiculopathy. Spinal stenosis is anatomically classified as central and lateral spinal canal stenosis. Many treatment modalities and techniques, including surgery and epidural injection, have been used to manage the pain. However, the effect of hypertonic saline injection via the transforaminal approach has not yet been studied. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of adding hypertonic saline to conventional transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFEI) to provide pain relief for chronic radiculopathy patients secondary to lateral canal spinal stenosis. Study Design: A double-blind, randomized, active-control trial. Setting: An interventional pain management practice in a hospital, Republic of Korea. Methods: Two groups: the hypertonic group received hypertonic saline combined with triamcinolone and the control group received normal saline combined with triamcinolone. A total of 68 patients were randomly allocated into either 2 groups by a computergenerated randomization program. Twenty-seven patients in the hypertonic group and 26 patients in the control group were assessed. A total of 53 patients were included in this analysis. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, one, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months postprocedure. The primary outcome measures included the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the proportion of substantial responders. The secondary outcome measures included the Oswestry disability index (ODI), the proportion of substantial and moderate responders, and patient satisfaction. Results: Transforaminal epidural injection of steroids, with or without the addition of 10% hypertonic saline, was effective and provided significant pain relief with the improvement of functional outcome within 4 months. The addition of hypertonic saline was superior in efficacy compared with conventional TFEI at 3 months follow-up. The differences in the absolute pain scores did not demonstrate statistical significance between the 2 groups. The reduction in pain intensity from the baseline was greater in the hypertonic group and demonstrated higher rates of satisfaction. The use of hypertonic saline also extended the duration of significant pain relief to 6 months compared with baseline. Limitations: The lack of placebo group and small sample size. Conclusion: Superior short-term pain relieving efficacy, but limited long-term effects of hypertonic saline, when added to TFEIs. Key words: Chronic pain, lumbar radiculopathy, lateral canal, spinal stenosis, transforaminal, epidural steroid injections, hypertonic saline, local anesthetic

The purpose of this survey was to document the experience of Korean Medicine doctors (KMD) who provided postoperative care to patients through integrative medicine and to understand their opinions about integrative medicine utilization. Three researchers (two with a KMD license) of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine conducted the survey. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail to the 17,041 members of the Association of Korean Medicine in 2015. In total, 487 KMD answered the questionnaires. The majority of respondents worked in a Korean Medicine (KM) clinic, KM hospital, or long-term care hospitals (94.7%). The respondents mostly treated patients after musculoskeletal (26.7%), spinal (23.7%), or neuropathic surgery (22.2%). Patients predominantly experienced pain (23.0%), fatigue and tiredness (17.4%), delayed scar recovery (13.7%), and paralysis (13.0%). We analyzed subgroups in accordance with institution of employment, specialization, and clinical experience. Most KMD wanted to utilize integrative medicine for postoperative care of patients (92.6%). Moreover, a relatively active collaboration was noted in long-term care hospitals (mean rate: 60.73% [95% CI: 42.25 to 79.20]). Further studies and clinical trials are needed to determine whether integrative medicine is essential for providing postoperative care to Korean patients.

Background Radial pressure pulse wave (RPPW) examination has been a key diagnostic component of traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in RPPW along with various hemodynamic variables after acupuncture stimulation and to examine the validity of pulse diagnosis as a modern diagnostic tool. Methods We conducted acupuncture stimulation at both ST36 acupuncture points in 25 healthy volunteers. We simultaneously assessed the RPPW by pulse tonometry; heart rate variability (HRV) by electrocardiogram; photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, respiration rate, peripheral blood flow velocity and arterial depth by ultrasonography; and cardiac output by impedance cardiography, before, during and after a session of acupuncture stimulation. Results We observed consistent patterns of increased spectral energy at low frequency (

Recently, container terminal managers make an experiment on the double cycle and dual cycle operation, which ship loading and unloading were carried out simultaneously, for increasing the productivity of quay side. If, however, we make an experiment on dual cycle operation in a real job site, the efficiency is poor up to terminal operation method as YTs(Yard Tractors)` allocation method, QCs(Quay Cranes)` working speed, and position of export containers. Especially, using the existing yard operation method, it is difficult to support to dual and double cycle operation. Therefore, this paper examine more efficient terminal operation method, when terminal uses dual cycle operation. We developed a simulation model using simulation analysis software, Arena.

We analyze the channel capacity with considering the effect of the loading conditions of indoor PLC networks on channel state information. We consider various numbers of load for two kinds of the networks with regular length branches and a deployed network of indoor PLC. For calculating the channel capacity degradation, two noise scenarios and impedances are considered. From the simulation results, we suggest the robust regression lines for modeling the channel capacity degradation. In the cases of 0 and loads, natural log and linear function curve show the best goodness of fit, respectively. For the deployed indoor PLC network with 0 loads, compared with the networks with regular length branches, the goodness of fit decreases by the amount of 0.12 and 0.15 for low noise and high noise scenarios, respectively. Using the regression lines, we can estimate the channel capacity degradation without measurement.

Introduction:About 55% to 75% of stroke survivors have motor disorders and problems that affect their quality of life. The prevention of secondary neurological damages through relapse prevention and the rehabilitation of stroke patients suffering from morbidities are crucial to improve the p

*Hutchison Korea Terminals, Busan 601-050, Korea**,†Department of Logistics Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea***Graduate school of Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea요 약 :오늘날의 전반적인 산업분야에서는 정보기술을 바탕으로 운영되고, 이에 대한 투자가 증가되고 있다. 물류산업에서도 물류정보망의 중요성이 커지고, 효율적으로 운영하기 위한 정보화 투자가 증가되고 있다. 효율성에 관한 기존연구에서는 설비와 같은 고정자산만을 고려한 효율성 분석으로 이루어져, 정보화 수준이 효율성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 컨테이너 터미널 효율적 운영을 위하여 정보화 수준을 고려한 효율성 분석의 중요성을 제시하고, DEA과 Bootstrap를 이용하여 정보화 수준과 관련된 상대적 효율성을 측정하였다. 핵심용어 : 컨테이너터미널, DEA, 정보화 수준, 효율성분석, 부트스트랩Abstract :Today, overall industry has been operated on the basis of information technology and has increased the investment on it. In the logistics industry, the integrated material handling information network has become important more and more and the investment on the informatization has been increased to operate efficiently. In the previous literature, most of the measures for the efficiency of container terminals were the variables such as fixed assets of equipments. There has not been any research effort toward examining the effect of informatization level on the efficiency. This work describes the importance on the efficiency evaluation considering the informatization level to in a container terminal and the relative efficiency level is measured using data envelopment analysis and bootstrap. Key words :Container Terminal, Informatization Level, Efficiency analysis, DEA, Bootstrap * 대표저자(정회원) : 최봉환, itcbh@hktl.com 051)630-8251 ** 정회원, shinjy@hhu.ac.kr 051)410-4335*** 정회원, twu04@nate.com 051)410-4930 †교신저자 : 신창훈(정회원), chshin@hhu.ac.kr 051)410-4930

*Graduate school of National Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea†Dept. of Logistics Engineering, National Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea요 약 :컨테이너 터미널의 주요 생산성 지표는 안벽에서의 작업 효율성이라 할 수 있다. 안벽에서는 Q/C(Quay Crane)이라는 장비가 접안 선박의 컨테이너를 하역한다. Q/C의 작업 생산성을 높이기 위해서는 좀 더 효율적인 Y/T(Yard Tractor)운영 방식이 필요하다. 기존 작업 방식(싱글 사이클)에서는 양하작업 이후 적하 작업이 이루어진다. 듀얼 사이클이란 양하작업과 적하 작업을 동시에 함으로써 안벽 생산성과 야드 트랙터의 이용률을 높이는 방법이다. 터미널에서 듀얼 사이클의 도입은 추가적인 장비의 도입 없이 운영에서의 변화만을 요구한다. 즉, 기존의 dedicate 시스템에서 pooling 시스템으로의 변화가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 듀얼 사이클을 이용하는 항만에서의 작업 효율성을 증대시키기 위한 선적 계획 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이 문제를 풀기위해 유전 알고리즘과 타부서치를 제시하였다.핵심용어 : 컨테이너 터미널, 더블 사이클, 듀얼 사이클, 크레인 일정계획, 유전 알고리즘, 타부 서치Abstract :At container terminals, a major measurement of productivity can be work-efficiency in quay-side. At the apron, containers are loaded onto the ship and unloaded to apron by Q/C(Quay Crane). For improving the productivity of quay crane, the more efficient Y/T(Yard Tractor) operation method is necessary in container terminals. Between quay-side and yard area, current transferring methods is single-cycling which doesn't start loading unless it finishes unloading. Dual-cycling is a technique that can be used to improve the productivity of quay-side and utility of yard tractor by ship loading and unloading simultaneously. Using the dual-cycling at terminals only necessitates an operational change without purchasing extra equipment. Exactly, Y/T operation method has to be changed the dedicate system to pooling system. This paper presents an efficient ship loading and unloading plan in container terminals, which use the dual-cycling. We propose genetic and tabu search algorithm for this problem.Key words :container terminal, double cycle, dual cycle, crane scheduling, genetic algorithm, tabu search* 대표저자 : 정창윤(정회원), ccy1443@hhu.ac.kr 010-6400-7974†교신저자 : 신재영 shinjy@hhu.ac.kr 051)410-4335

Generally, the container road transportation can be divided into three types; short distance, long distance and shuttle transportation. Specially, the shuttle service occurs several amounts of container which is same as O/D pairs. Also container vehicle can be divided into three types according to the chassis types of vehicle; only 20-feet container, only 40-feet container and combined chassis trailer. Combined chassis trailers can load two 20-feet containers or one 40-feet container. This paper deals with Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) for delivering containers considering shuttle service. This problem is similar to the previously studied Shin and Oh (2008), but the characteristics of shuttle service must be considered additionally. We formulate the container shuttle transportation planning problem using combined chassis trailers based on VRP with pick-up and delivery which can visit each node more than one time, and propose an efficient solution procedure.

The improvement in the terminal productivity plays a key role for container terminals to be more competitive. The productivity of yard tractors(YT) is one of the most important factor accelerating the terminal productivity. Thus, YT pooling system is newly introduced in container terminals for increasing the YT productivity. Recently, the terminals in Korea tend to adopt YT pooling system. This paper proposes the important decision factors for YT pooling work space and several types of formulations according to states of container terminals.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture stimulation on the radial artery’s pressure pulse wave, along with various hemodynamic parameters, and to explore the possible underlying mechanism of pulse diagnosis in healthy participants in their twenties. Methods and analysis: This study is a prospective, single-arm, exploratory clinical study. A total of 25 healthy participants, without regard to gender, in their twenties will be recruited by physicians. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The participants will receive acupuncture once at ST36 on both sides. The radial arterial pulse waves will be measured on the left arm of the subjects by using an applicable pulse tonometric device (KIOM-PAS). On the right arm (appearing twice), electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), respiration and cardiac output (CO) signals, will be measured using a physiological data acquisition system (Biopac module), while the velocity of blood flow, and the diameter and the depth of the blood vessel will be measured using an ultrasonogram machine on the right arm (appearing twice). All measurements will be conducted before, during, and after acupuncture. The primary outcome will be the spectral energy at high frequencies above 10 Hz (SE10-30Hz) calculated from the KIOM-PAS device signal. Secondary outcomes will be various variables obtained from the KIOM-PAS device, ECG, PPG, impedance cardiography modules, and an ultrasonogram machine. Discussion: The results of this trial will provide information regarding the physiological and the hemodynamic mechanisms underlying acupuncture stimulation and clinical evidence for the influence of acupuncture on the pressure pulse wave in the radial artery. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kyung Hee University’s Oriental Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (KOMCIRB-150818-HR-030). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Trial registration number: This trial was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) at the Korea National Institute of Health (NIH), Republic of Korea (KCT0001663), which is a registry in the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Registry Network.

When the freight is loaded into a container loading rate must be considered. There are many studies on loading more freights into limited space. But the problem, which is needed to consider the routing sequence is different. A large size of freights, such as shipbuilding materials, am be rehandled or cannot be possible to unload. In this paper I tried to find the solution for the problem consider routing sequence, whereupon I present the container loading model which consider the routing sequence and loading rate and its solution.

This study deals with some practical problems of the container road transportation in Korean trucking industries. We examine the workflow in container transportation and then develop mathematical models integrating the various operating and design characteristics of the containers. Several types of formulations are developed utilizing the standard formulations of well known TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) and VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem). Heuristic algorithms are also presented to solve the models. An example problem is illustrated to explain how to apply the models to the real world through the data set collected from a container trucking company in Korea.

the third day:20mg/d). Both EA andHA groupwere addedwith acupuncture on Baihui(GV20), Yingtang(GV29), Fengchi(GB20), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Neiguan(PC6) and some other acupoints according to patients’ different conditions for 30min every other day, totally for 6 weeks. The EA group used electrical acupuncture acupoint stimulator (2/15Hz alternating, LH-202H) at Baihui(GV20), Fengchi(GB20) and Yingtang(GV29). Acupuncture practionors manipulated needles every 15min and last for 5-10s for each patients in HA group. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) and Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) were used to evaluate the effectiveness before and after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference among three groups on the baseline. After six weeks, satistical results showed that HAMD Ratio of points of HA and EA are 92.00% and 89.28% respectively, which were higher than paroxetine group (84.71%) (p 0.05). The scores in each domain of MYMOP in EA group and HA group were obviously lower than that of paroxetine group after treatment (p

Purpose: Although sham acupuncture as well as real acupuncture are known to reduce low back pain (LBP), the brain correlates of placebo effect in acupuncture is not clearly understood. So we dissociated the brain correlates of somatosensory needling from needling credibility effect induced by a novel form of sham acupuncture “phantom acupuncture”. Methods: Forty three LBP patients were randomized into the real (REAL, n=23) and phantom (PHNT, n=20) groups. In acupuncture session, the REAL got real acupuncture at left ST36, left SP11 and bilateral SP13 points (five times stimulation per each point in a random order with inter-stimulus interval of 17.8±1.7 seconds) at around 2Hz for two seconds per stimulation, while the PHNT sawonly a videoclip (recorded needling manipulation in REAL session) to create needling credibility. LBP intensity (VAS) was measured before and after acupuncture session. Results: PHNT experienced needling credibility with visual stimulation while REAL experienced both needling credibility and somatosensory stimulation. In PHNT we found activation in somatosensory processing areas including SI, SII and anteri or cingulate cortex but not in posterior insula and thalamus where activated in REAL. In unpaired t-test, REAL shows greater activation in sensory motor areas. Also activation in rewarding and pain processing areas (periaqueductal gray, nucleus accumbens and putamen) were observed in both REAL and PHNT. Activation in pain evaluation area (inferior frontal gyrus) is observed in PHNT while signal deactivation in cognitive processing area (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) in REAL. Greater signal deactivation in default mode network (DMN) was observed in REAL. In difference map, differences in activation intensity in ACC, posterior insula were strongly observed. Conclusion: Somatosensory afference/needling induces greater deactivation in DMN area as well as sensory motor area, while needling credibility, a contributing factor for placebo effect, activated pain and rewarding processing areas and interestingly somatosensory areas which probably due to the visually induced sensory expectation. Contact: Meena M. Makary, mmakary@khu.ac.kr

Abundant evidence from previous fMRI studies on acupuncture has revealed significant modulatory effects at widespread brain regions. However, few reports on the modulation to the default mode network (DMN) of stroke patients have been investigated in the field of acupuncture. To study the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients, eight right hemispheric infarction and stable ischemic stroke patients and ten healthy subjects were recruited to undergo resting state fMRI scanning before and after acupuncture stimulation. Functional connectivity analysis was applied with the bilateral posterior cingulate cortices chosen as the seed regions. The main finding demonstrated that the interregional interactions between the ACC and PCC especially enhanced after acupuncture at GB34 in stroke patients, compared with healthy controls. The results indicated that the possible mechanisms of the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the DMN of stroke patients could be interpreted in terms of cognitive ability and motor function recovery.

A study was undertaken among 192 hotel managers in Hong Kong, Japan and Korea for the purpose of determining (1) whether national cultures, as defined by Hofstede, have a greater effect on the managerial behavior of hotel managers, than the culture of the hotel industry, and (2) whether personal work-values have a determining effect on managerial behavior. The results demonstrated more differences than similarities between the managerial practices of hotel managers from Hong Kong, Japan and Korea, indicating therefore that nationality cultures have a stronger effect on managerial behavior than the culture of the hotel industry. The findings also show that to a large extent there was a positive relationship between work-values and managerial behavior. Therefore it was possible to conclude that as hypothesized by Hofstede and others, values affect attitudes which in turn affect behavior.

With the rapid advancement of mobile communication technologies, mobile devices are evolving into convergence devices with various multimedia capabilities. However, the needs for high-performance devices demand complicated settings, and thus contain latent error possibilities. Also, in these devices, poor system performance can be caused by the collisions of different software programs. In solving these problems, device management becomes an important issue. Open Mobile Alliance developed OMA DM(Device Management) which is a device management standard, and recently has released OMA DM v1.2, which provides improved mobile device management methods compared to earlier versions. OMA DM v1.2 supports TNDS(Tree and Description Serialization) of XML or WBXML management trees. This paper introduces design and implementation of OMA DM v1.2 based MDM(Mobile Device Management) agent. By using TNDS which is supported by OMA DM v1.2 for acquiring, adding, and editing management objects in the mobile devices, it provides more effective device management functions with small amount of network traffic.

This paper presents a high power efficient class-D audio power amplifier. The proposed class-D amplifier adopts the synchronized controlled oscillation modulator (SCOM), which is suitable for mobile applications. The THD+N at half the maximum output power is below 0.01% and the efficiency is better than 92% in an 8 /spl Omega/ speaker load. The one-chip integrated circuit is implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, with a supply voltage range of 1.6 V-3.6 V. it occupies a chip area of 1.2/spl times/1.2 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates only 1.3 mA at idle.

In this paper, we designed 3.3-V receiver/transmitter transconductance-C (Gm-C) filters for baseband analog front-end of wireless transceiver applications. The receiver filter consists of the 6/sup th/-order Gm-C filter including the 2/sup nd/-order group delay equalization. The filter on the transmitter path consists of the 5/sup th/-order Gm-C filter. Both filters are equipped with relevant input/output buffers and on-chip frequency tuning circuit. The filters are fabricated and verified through measurements in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.

Purpose: Epidemiological data indicate that obesity is a risk factor in asthma, however effects related to obesity and adipokines on airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) have not yet been demonstrated in the human airway. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum adipokine levels and BHR to mannitol in asthmatic children. Methods: Serum adipokine levels were measured and pulmonary function tests were perfomed: baseline, postbronchodilator inha- lation, methacholine inhalation, and mannitol inhalation. The response to mannitol was expressed as the dose causing a 15% de- crease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PD15), and as the response-dose ratio (RDR) (% fall in FEV1/cumulative dose). Results: Sixty-nine prepubertal children between the ages of 6 and 10 years were participated in the study. They comprised asth- matic children (n = 40) and healthy (n = 29). Twenty-two subjects (55.5%) with asthma had a positive mannitol bronchial provoca- tion test (BPT) result. The body mass index (BMI) was higher in those asthmatics with positive mannitol BPTs than in asthmatics with negative mannitol BPTs and in the control group (19.30 kg/m 2 vs. 17.60 kg/m 2 vs. 17.93 kg/m 2 , P = 0.035, P = 0.046). Serum leptin lev- els were also significantly higher in asthmatics with positive mannitol BPTs than in asthmatics with negative mannitol BPTs and in the control group (10.58 ng/mL vs. 5.49 ng/mL vs. 6.75 ng/mL, P = 0.002, P = 0.016). Leptin values were significantly associated with a PD15 (r = -0.498, P = 0.022) and RDR to mannitol (r = 0.346, P = 0.033) in asthmatic children after adjustment for BMI. Conclusion: Serum leptin levels were significantly associated with BHR to mannitol in asthmatic children. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2014;2:30-37)

Background Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is a rare benign nodular lesion characterized by the proliferation of eccrine and vascular structures, generally capillaries, in the middle and deep dermis. It may be congenital or appear later in childhood, but rarely arises in adulthood. Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of EAH in Korean patients. Methods Ten cases of EAH diagnosed at Ajou University Hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital in Korea from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Results The age range of patients was between 5 and 66 years with an equal number of male and female patients. Apart from two congenital cases, the onset was late, ranging from 6 months to 65 years of age. All lesions were solitary and located on the distal extremities. Nine cases appeared as a yellow-brown nodule or plaque resembling a callus. Neither hyperhidrosis nor hypertrichosis was documented. Apart from the typical histological findings of EAH, prominent mucin deposition, fat component and nerve infiltration were observed. Conclusion This is one of the largest single case series of EAH in the literature. Clinically, resemblance to callosities and the frequent occurrence in the adulthood were the unique features in our series.

†‡ A diverticulum is a blind pouch communicating with the gut. The term “diverticulitis” indicates inflammation of a diverticulum or diverticula, which is commonly accompanied by gross or microscopic perforation. Acute diverticuitis is a rare disorder in early childhood. Itis difficult to diagnose acute right colon diverticulitis from common causes of RLQ pain. We report a case of acute diverticulitis in the right colon in a 6-year-old girl. She complained of typical RLQ pain mimicking acute appendicitis,but was diagnosed with acute diverticulitis by CT scanning. Conservative treatment failed because of peritonitis due to perforation of an inflamed diverticulum. After the diverticulcetomy, the symptoms resolved. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 13: 193∼198)