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Learning the content of entrepreneurship arithmetic is an extension of social arithmetic that focuses on mathematical calculations in business or creative economy. Most teachers do not link students' daily activities to classroom teaching and learning on traditional markets around the environment. This significantly affects the interest in learning the material content. Therefore, this study aimed to design a learning trajectory of entrepreneurship arithmetic content using a Badung traditional market. A design approach with three stages was used, including preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The results showed that the learning trajectory can be practiced using local contexts, such as traditional or other students' daily activities. Moreover, the Badung Traditional Market stimulates students to understand the entrepreneurship arithmetic content from five activities. These include Engagement with content and context, Story of Entrepreneurship on Video, Concept Deepening, Collaborate to Solve Problems, and Making Conclusions. The learning trajectory is essential in understanding the mathematical concepts of expenditure, income, profits, and loss within the trading activities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan Quick Ratio (QR), Return On Equity (ROE), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Price Earning Ratio (PER) perusahaan serta apakah terdapat penurunan Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) perusahaan sesudah akuisisi pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2019. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan melakukan aktivitas akuisisi periode 2011-2019. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penentuan sampel secara sensus yaitu seluruh anggota populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel, sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 30 sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis yaitu menggunakan teknik analisis komparasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa QR, ROE, TATO, PER perusahaan sesudah akuisisi tidak menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan serta DAR juga tidak menunjukkan adanya penurunan yang signifikan sesudah akuisisi. Berdasarkan pembahasan, hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi kinerja keuangan perusahaan tidak terlihat mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sesudah akuisisi.

This research aims to explore the influence of Green Banking and Corporate Governance on Company Value through the mediation of Competitive Advantage in Conventional Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017-2022. The study employs a quantitative method with a positivistic approach, involving a sample of 41 Conventional Commercial Banks listed on the IDX. This research uses a purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria involving banks registered on the IDX, publishing financial reports, and providing the necessary data. Secondary data is in the form of banking financial reports for 2017-2022. Hypothesis testing uses quantitative statistical analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research results show that Green Banking and Corporate Governance significantly affect Competitive Advantage and Company Value. Competitive advantage and company value have a significant favourable influence. The findings of this research can contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between Green Banking, Corporate Governance, Competitive Advantage and Company Value in the context of the conventional banking industry in Indonesia.

Komitmen karyawan terhadap perusahaan tidak tumbuh dengan sendirinya. Komitmen juga dipengaruhi oleh iklim organisasi di mana seorang karyawan bekerja. Fenomena terkait komitmen organisasional di Batu Karang Resort and Spa adalah karyawan menyatakan bersedia untuk meninggalkan perusahaan dan tidak memiliki rasa penyesalan jika mendapatkan tawaran yang menguntungkan dari perusahaan lain. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasional dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai pemediasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik sampling jenuh dengan jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 86 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah partial least square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa iklim organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Iklim organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Kepuasan kerja memediasi secara parsial pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasional. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perlu mengadopsi strategi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang efektif, termasuk kebijakan kompensasi yang adil, peluang pengembangan karir, program pelatihan dan pengembangan, serta manajemen kinerja yang baik. Hal ini dapat membantu meningkatkan iklim organisasi, kepuasan kerja, dan komitmen organisasional karyawan. Kata kunci: Iklim Organisasi; Kepuasan Kerja; Komitmen Organisasional

This research explores the mediating role of hedonic motives in the relationship between online advertising stimulus and impulse buying behavior among online shoppers in West Java, Indonesia. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 330 respondents. Conditional process analysis with SPSS and the PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data. The results show that advertising can influence impulse purchases by stimulating emotional and hedonic motives, challenging traditional persuasive theory. Additionally, the moderating effects of gender and age indicate the need to consider demographic factors in understanding and designing effective digital marketing strategies. The findings provide practical guidance for marketers and e-commerce platforms to encourage impulse purchases through targeted, emotionally compelling advertising that taps into consumers’ hedonic motivations, while accounting for individual differences.

The paper introduces a new model that reveals multifaceted financial factors impacting the sustainability of Islamic rural banks, including financing quality, capital quality, financial performance, and digital transformation. Among these, several financial-influencing aspects are associated with business sustainability. The research objectives, thus, are to investigate, first, the impact of financing quality and the quality of capital on business sustainability; second, the impact of financing quality and the quality of capital on financial performance; third, financial performance in mediating the effect of financing quality and capital quality on business sustainability; and fourth, digital transformation in moderating the effect of financial performance on business sustainability. The study employed quantitative research methods, utilizing data from 164 Islamic rural banks’ financial and annual reports for the 2016–2021 period. The authors then conducted the analysis using partial least squares (PLS). The research findings unveiled that financing and capital quality exerted an impact on sustainable businesses. Furthermore, financing and capital quality had a significant impact on Islamic rural banks’ financial performance. The study also uncovered that financial performance completely mediated the impact of financing quality on the sustainability of Islamic rural banks. On the other hand, financial performance was partially showcased to mediate the impact of capital quality on a business’s sustainability. In addition, digital transformation moderated the effect of financial performance on the sustainability business of Islamic rural banks.

This study investigates the effect of companies’ sustainability performance on their future earnings management. Applying moral licensing theory, we predict that sustainability performance decreases accruals, while increases real earnings management. We analyse a dataset comprising of 47,186 firm-year observations from 44 countries during 2002–2021. We use a two-stage Heckman approach to address potential endogeneity and conduct supplementary fixed-effects regression tests for separate periods of before-after crisis and regulatory effectiveness, quality and enforcement. Our findings suggest that firms with superior sustainability performance have an impact on decreased (increased) accrual-based (real) earnings management. We also found a greater impact of sustainability initiatives by companies in countries with lower regulatory effectiveness, lower regulatory quality standards, and mandatory government regulation. This study is the first in encompassing SDGs practices through advanced testing, analysis and offering insights into the implications of government regulation on management decisions on earnings. Our research provides practical contributions for policymakers to evaluate ongoing efforts and development of corporate ESG-related policies as well as investors in using earnings information.

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a model of sustainable business for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia through the transformation of digital, corporate governance, and financial performance. To achieve this objective, the quantitative research method was used, and the population in this research is 165 Islamic rural banks in Indonesia, while the sample used in this research is 30 Islamic rural banks in the West Java region from 2016 to 2021. The data used in this study is secondary data derived from financial statements and annual reports and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The research findings highlighted first that digital transformation significantly influences sustainable business. Second, digital transformation significantly influences corporate governance, and third, digital transformation significantly influences financial performance. Fourth, corporate governance has an insignificant influence on sustainable business for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. Fifth, financial performance significantly influences sustainable business for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. Sixth, corporate governance does not mediate the effect of digital transformation on sustainable business for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. Seventh, financial performance is able to mediate the effect of digital transformation on sustainable business for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. The practical contribution of this study offers empirical evidence for Islamic rural institutions regarding the impact of digital transformation on the sustainability of Islamic rural banks in the context of the dynamic digital economy and technological industry. While the topic of banks’ digital transformation has garnered significant attention, the focus has primarily been on a macro level. The findings of this study show top management that digital transformation can potentially serve as a form of market value management. Additionally, this research might serve as a valuable resource for digital transformation organizations seeking to enhance their sustainability initiatives and expedite their progress in the realm of sustainable business practices, particularly for Islamic rural banks in Indonesia. Furthermore, the present study has demonstrated the importance and potential for digital transformation within the Islamic banking sector, hence offering a promising avenue for Islamic rural banks to enhance their operational efficiency and client satisfaction. Considering that limited attention has been given to studies of the relationship between digital transformation and sustainable business in Indonesian Islamic rural banks, this study contributes to the existing literature by examining digital transformation as a new view in explaining and understanding Indonesian Islamic rural banks, which fills the gap because prior research on the topic of digital transformation in Indonesia’s Islamic banking sector has mostly ignored management viewpoints on internal corporate governance processes.

The development of digital technology has succeeded in providing alternative financial services with the FinTech lending industry. This industry allows direct connection between lenders and borrowers through a digital platform. FinTech lending has unique characteristics that provide advantages over traditional financial institution services, such as utilizing soft information for credit risk assessment, providing unsecured loans, and using third-party platforms to secure transactions. Indonesian government continues to update the regulatory framework for the FinTech industry including the implementation of regulatory sandbox. This effort aims to ensure that the development of digital financial innovation is beneficial and safe for society. Various jurisdictions have also implemented similar initiatives to address issues in FinTech lending, allowing companies to test their operations under regulatory supervision. This research conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA 2020 methodology to understand issues related to FinTech lending and the initiatives provided by regulatory sandboxes to address the issues. The study identified 10 issues in the FinTech lending sector using the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework and 11 initiatives from implementing regulatory sandboxes using the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) framework. Finally, this study highlights the potential for further research regarding the issues of algorithmic bias and monopolistic practices, as well as the exploration of how regulatory sandboxes can mitigate these issues.

The study examines the influence of Talent Management, knowledge management, career development, motivation, and competence on employee performance. The object of this research is an employee at a bank in Batam City. The data used was primary data and using Google Forms and collected as many as 233 respondents through the dissemination of questionnaires. The application of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) is used as a test tool and the results of research show that talent management and knowledge management have significant and acceptable bets, while on motivation, career development, and competence have insignificant or unacceptable results after the test. This research recommends that this study be developed with the added variables and is expected to support the improvement of employee performance in order to create more potential human resources to create corporate competitiveness.

This research aims to analyze the impact of green leadership on competitive advantage through the mediating roles of knowledge management and talent management. In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0), where technology companies worldwide have international ramifications on innovation, sustainability issues, and environmental impacts such as carbon emissions, e-waste, and natural resource extraction that garner global attention, we chose technology companies in Indonesia as a model. Data was collected using an e-questionnaire, distributed to company managers, and then analyzed using SEM-AMOS. The research results demonstrate that green leadership does not have a direct influence on competitive advantage but rather exerts an indirect influence through knowledge management and talent management. These findings strengthen the view that sustainable strategy must be an essential part of an organization's efforts to achieve competitive advantage.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the performance and competitiveness of women entrepreneurs in the Tuka Tuku Purbalingga programme. Tuka-Tuku in Purbalingga serves as support for the development of start-ups in the field of local culinary specialties or other local products. Tuka-Tuku facilitates the expansion of local start-ups, preserves the authenticity of regional products, and promotes the cultural heritage of diverse culinary traditions. The current study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a survey method to gather data. The survey instrument comprised a 5-point Likert scale and was administered to female entrepreneurs participating in the program. To test ten research hypotheses pertaining to the relationships between marketing, capital, digital literacy, performance, and competitiveness, Structural Equation Modeling was applied. The findings of this research have revealed that marketing, financing, and digital literacy play a significant and positive role in enhancing the performance and competitiveness of women entrepreneurs participating in the Tuka Tuku Purbalingga program. Additionally, this study confirms that performance is a crucial determinant of female entrepreneurs' competitiveness in the program. These findings suggest that women entrepreneurs with strong marketing, financing, and digital literacy skills are more likely to achieve better performance and be more competitive in the market. Given these results, it is recommended that policymakers and stakeholders direct their efforts towards enhancing the marketing, capital, and digital literacy skills of female entrepreneurs in the Tuka Tuku Purbalingga program to improve their overall performance and competitiveness.

Abstract This study examines and analyses the role of family factors on prices and brands on student decisions to choose private universities to continue their studies. This study involved 500 students from various private universities in Jambi Province to serve as samples. The results showed that in the first model, price and brand influenced the decision to choose private universities (PTS) in Jambi province, and the magnitude of the effect was 63.9%. Price, Brand and Family in the second model significantly affect the Selection Decision of Private Universities (PTS) in Jambi Province, with the magnitude of the influence being 75.5%. In the third model, the family plays a role or can moderate the impact of price and brand on choosing private universities (PTS) in Jambi Province. Keywords:Lecture Decisions; Family; Price; Brand; Private College

This study aims to examine the influence of organizational support on the performance of lecturers, mediated by commitment, and moderated by lecturer certification. The research was conducted in the undergraduate program in the field of economics at private universities in Riau Province. The research method used was a survey with a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The population and sample of the study consisted of 269 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. The results of the study indicate that organizational support has a significant effect on commitment. Organizational support also has a significant effect on performance, which is mediated by commitment. Furthermore, organizational support affects performance, which is mediated by commitment and moderated by lecturer certification. The implications of this research highlight the importance of private universities in Riau Province considering these factors in the management and development of human resources, especially lecturers, to improve the quality of education. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the factors that influence lecturer commitment and performance.

The primary purpose of this research is to find out how memorable tourism experiences influence revisit intention and recommendation intention of tourists who have visited to enjoy historical tourism and taste Rajamangsa local cuisine in Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village, with destination image and satisfaction as mediating factors. This research uses a quantitative and descriptive-analytical approach, using a 5-point Likert scale for measurement. Non-probability sampling, specifically judgment sampling, was used to collect primary data. The sample consisted of 245 tourist respondents who had visited to enjoy historical tourism and taste Rajamangsa local cuisine in Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.2.9 was used as the analysis tool. The findings of this study indicate that memorable tourism experiences directly influence destination image, travel satisfaction, local food tasting, and revisit intention when visiting Kebondalem Kidul Cultural Tourism Village. In addition, destination image travel satisfaction and local food tasting partially mediate between memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention and fully mediate between memorable tourism experiences and recommendation intention of tourists in cultural tourism destinations. This research highlights the positive impact of memorable tourism experiences on revisit intentions, destination perceptions, and traveller satisfaction. The practical implications are significant for tourism management in increasing satisfaction and building a positive destination image. However, this study has limitations regarding location coverage and online data collection methods. Future research must consider geographic variation, data collection methods, and other factors influencing tourism experiences.

Designing and implementing business models requires considering customer sentiments, but nomadic social enterprises lack sufficient research. This study examined factors affecting customers’ sentiments about a pop-up tax clinic serving unrepresented taxpayers to promote equality in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. During a tax year in the Northern Territory, Australia, a pop-up tax service collected 47 video-recorded customer feedback that was analysed. Independent variables were created using exploratory factor analysis, and customer sentiment scores were generated using XLSTAT software. The regression analysis provided empirical findings. The study found that offering free tax and excellent customer service positively impacted customer sentiment scores. The tax year did not have a significant influence. Holding tax clinics in busy shopping centres improved customer sentiment. This is the first study to examine customer sentiments about a nomadic social enterprise model, particularly a pop-up tax clinic. This study presents a new methodological approach for research proposing a theory between enterprises.

ChatGPT is considered a risk and an opportunity for academia. An area of threat in contemporary settings is whether it can become a student agent for assessments in academia. This study determines how ChatGPT can become a human agent for students on two financial accounting course units, multiple choice question assessments. The study provided five numerical-based and five narrative-based multiple choice questions. There were ten questions for the Introductory Financial Accounting and 10 for the Advanced Financial Accounting course units. ChatGPT received one question at a time requesting a solution. In the Introductory Financial Accounting section, ChatGPT produced incorrect answers because it incorrectly assumed the underlying assumptions contained in those questions. In Advanced Financial Accounting, ChatGPT presented incorrect answers because of the complexity of the task contained in those questions. ChatGPT demonstrated similar competencies in providing solutions to numerical-based and narrative-based questions. ChatGPT obtained the correct answers to sit in the 80th percentile in the Introductory Financial Accounting course unit assessment and the 50th percentile in the Advanced Financial course unit assessment. ChatGPT4 showed improved performance, with the 90th percentile for Introductory Financial Accounting and the 70th percentile for Advanced Financial Accounting. The findings indicate that the knowledge construct requires reflective thinking with ChatGPT in the ecosystem, and what is assumed and assessable knowledge must be revisited.

Users engaging in digital environmental initiatives is a complex phenomenon, and this study used mixed methods research to understand it. The primary aim of this study was to qualitatively analyse Alipay Ant Forest users’ behaviour by developing a thematic analysis of digital environmental protection initiatives via the Alipay Ant Forest platform. The additional analysis used a quantitative technique approach to supplement the qualitative findings. The study conducted phone interviews via WeChat involving 30 Alipay users to inquire about their environmental beliefs through the scope of the theory of planned behaviour to explain their motivations for environmental protection. Attitudinal belief contributed the most, followed by subjective norms and perceived self-control. Behaviour after use shows that most users recommend FinTech to others. Additional analysis using quantitative techniques showed that age positively influenced the government’s proactive engagement. Younger female FinTech users are likely to engage in environmental protection proactively. This study focused on the Ant Forest mobile service application in the Chinese context, and future research can examine similar mobile service applications used in other countries with different societal cultures that promote environmental protection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using mixed methods research to examine Ant FinTech mobile service application’s impact on its users towards environmental protection.

This study is to analyze the effect of dividend policy, good corporate governance mechanisms, and audit quality on agency costs in manufacturing companies that conduct IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2020 period. In Indonesia, there are many companies that have relationships with agency costs, especially companies whose managers and owners of capital are different, such as companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research is essentially a form of quantitative research that uses secondary data, namely the company's annual report. This study used a sample of 132 companies in the manufacturing sector. The technique for analyzing the data in this study test a regression model selection test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, f test, and individual hypothesis testing (t test). According to the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that dividend policy, audit committee, audit quality, and institutional ownership has no effect on agency costs. In the other hand, independent commissioners have a significant negative effect on agency costs.

This study delves into the determinants of profitability in conventional banks. This study uses a quantitative method to analyze the factors influencing bank profitability. This study uses balanced panel data using the fixed-effects model from 18 conventional banks from 2009 to 2021 in Indonesia. The results suggest that COVID-19 has a negative impact on profitability. Nevertheless, bank specifics such as capital and bank size positively influenced profitability, while efficiency significantly negatively influenced profitability. Moreover, this study delves into macroeconomic indicators, revealing their pronounced significance. Economic growth and interest rates emerged as substantial drivers, positively shaping bank profitability. Conversely, the exchange rate exerted a noteworthy negative influence on profitability. Bank stakeholders are expected to improve performance by increasing the bank's capital and assets. A bank should be able to increase its size through its total assets. Monetary policies, such as controlling interest and exchange rates, are found to be an important factor in determining banking profitability.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest population in the world. This has resulted in the demand for basic needs of the people in Indonesia increasing over time, one of which is clothing. Erigo's position as a local clothing industry requires this company to compete with many competitors from within and outside the country. This study aims (1) to analyze whether the information transparency variable has an influence on the variable interest in buying Erigo products (2) to analyze whether the regulatory focus moderates the relationship between the information transparency variable and the buying interest variable. The variables used in this research are information transparency, regulatory focus, and purchase intention. This research is conducted due to the phenomenon where the increased transparency of information in the digital era is believed to be connected to consumer purchasing interest. This is because transparency plays a crucial role in consumer decision-making process. The population of this research is all consumers who have visited the Erigo pop-up store. The number of samples in this study were 90 respondents with the criteria of having visited Erigo's pop-up store, aged 17 to 30 years, and had compared Erigo's products with other similar clothing products. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google forms to respondents who matched the criteria. The results of the data in this study were processed using SPSS software with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis method. The results of this study are that the higher the information transparency, the higher the buying interest, but the addition of the regulatory focus variable to the initial model makes the results negative. Abstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbanyak di dunia. Hal ini mengakibatkan permintaan kebutuhan pokok masyarakat di Indonesia meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu. Salah satu kebutuhan yang perlu dipenuhi yaitu pakaian. Kedudukan Erigo sebagai industri pakaian lokal mengharuskan perusahaan ini untuk bersaing dengan banyaknya pesaing dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Untuk dapat bersaing dengan perusahaan-perusahaan lainnya, Erigo harus mampu meningkatkan minat beli dari konsumen terhadap produk-produknya. Minat beli seseorang dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya yaitu kepercayaan konsumen terhadap suatu merek, di mana kepercayaan konsumen dapat dipengaruhi oleh transparansi informasi perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menganalisis apakah variabel transparansi informasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel minat beli produk Erigo (2) untuk menganalisis apakah regulatory focus memoderasi hubungan antara variabel transparansi informasi dengan variabel minat beli. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel transparansi informasi, fokus regulasi, dan minat beli. Penelitian ini diangkat karena fenomena dimana transparansi informasi yang sudah lebih modern di era digital ini dianggap memiliki keterhubungan terhadap minat beli konsumen. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan konsumen, transparansi memegang peran penting. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua konsumen yang pernah mengunjungi pop-up store Erigo. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 90 responden dengan kriteria pernah mengunjungi pop-up store Erigo, berusia 17 hingga 30 tahun, dan pernah membandingkan produk Erigo dengan produk pakaian sejenis lainnya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner melalui google formulir kepada responden yang dinilai cocok dengan kriteria. Hasil data pada penelitian ini diolah menggunakan software SPSS dengan metode Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini pada model 1 yang menguji pengaruh transparansi informasi terhadap minat beli adalah positif, artinya semakin tinggi transparansi informasi, maka minat beli konsumen juga akan semakin meningkat. Uji yang dilakukan pada model 2 yang menguji pengaruh transparansi informasi terhadap minat beli yang dimoderasi oleh regulatory focus hasilnya adalah berpengaruh secara negatif yang artinya semakin tinggi tingkat transparansi informasi, minat beli dari konsumen akan semakin menurun.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the influence of motivation, capital market knowledge, return, risk and initial capital on interest in investing in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research method uses a quantitative approach using primary data in the form of a survey through a questionnaire instrument, while the analytical method uses multiple regression statistical analysis. The research sample is BPK employees with random sampling technique. Based on the results of this study confirms: 1) Motivation has a positive and significant effect on interest in investing, the results of statistical tests noted that 49.4% of investment interest is influenced by motivation which shows that BPK employee motivation has a positive and significant influence on investment interest; 2) Knowledge of the capital market has a positive effect on investment interest. The results of statistical tests noted that 19.8% of BPK employees' investment interest was influenced by knowledge of the capital market; 3) Knowledge of Return has an effect on investment interest. The results of statistical tests noted that only 9.8% of BPK employees' investment interest was influenced by knowledge of returns; 4) knowledge about risk has a positive effect on investment interest. The results of statistical tests noted that 0.277 or 27.7% of knowledge about risk affects the investment interest of BPK employees; 5) Knowledge of minimum capital has an effect on investment interest. The results of statistical tests noted that 11.3% knowledge of minimum capital affects the investment interest of BPK employees; and 6) Motivation, knowledge of the capital market, stock returns, risk and minimal capital together have an effect on interest in investing in the capital market. The results of statistical tests noted that 76.9% interest in investment is jointly influenced by motivation, knowledge of the capital market, stock returns, risk and minimal capital. Meanwhile, the remaining 23.1% is influenced by external factors other than the five independent variables studied.

Perusahaan yang mampu bertahan ditengah banyaknya pesaing merupakan hasil dari sumber daya manusia yang berperan penting didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran mediasi kepuasan kerja pada pengaruh organizational justice terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Green Kubu Café. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan Green Kubu Café yang berjumlah 61 karyawan. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik Non-Probality Sampling dengan metode sampling jenuh dimana seluruh anggota populasi dipilih untuk dijadikan sampel. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner yang diukur dengan 49 indikator menggunakan Skala Likert. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path analysis) dan uji sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa organizational justice berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, organizational justice berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior, kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap organizational citizenship behavior, serta kepuasan kerja secara parsial memediasi pengaruh organizational justice terhadap organizational citizenship behavior. Meningkatnya organizational justice yang dirasakan oleh karyawan Green Kubu Café maka akan timbul kepuasan kerja dalam diri karyawan yang akan mendorong timbulnya OCB karyawan Green Kubu Café. Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Kerja; Organizational Justice; Organizational Citizenship Behavio

This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the relatively comprehensive breadth of information on outsourcing-offshoring from existing and open-source research articles. A systematic literature review was carried out on 700 articles related to global outsourcing to obtain results of scientific studies. The PRISMA method is used to get relevant articles that meet the quality control aspects of the article data used. Research on global outsourcing and offshoring showed significant progress from the start until its peak in 2008. In 2000 global outsourcing was in the implementation stage, requiring a lot of basic and conceptual research to develop global outsourcing activities. After 2008 the topic of global outsourcing research studies decreased. This was because research on global outsourcing became more specific. The 32 topic items grouped into 4 clusters are state-of-the-art research on global outsourcing-offshoring topics in the last 20 years.

A factor that encourages commitment is the need for Islamic principles and values to be practiced in Islamic organizations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which Islamic conduct influences commitment and the implications for employee performance. This study's sample size was 282 employees. Path analysis and hypothesis testing are used for data analysis. According to the study's findings, the path coefficient of Islamic conduct toward commitment is 0.438, a positive value affecting commitment, with a coefficient of determination or R2 value of 0.192 or 19.2%. The commitment to performance path coefficient is 0.638, which is a positive value affecting performance, with a determination coefficient or R2 value of 0.407, or 40.7%. Islamic conduct has a 0.279 indirect impact on performance through dedication. This study concludes that practicing Islam has a favorable and significant impact on commitment. Employee performance is positively and significantly impacted by commitment.

The background to this research is that there is a phenomenon that the variable service quality at Holland Bakery Lembang is not good enough. Apart from that, the influence of price is a supporting factor in determining purchasing decisions at Holland Bakery. This study aims to understand the influence received from price and service quality on purchasing decisions at Holland Bakery Lembang, West Bandung Regency. both partially and as a whole. This study was conducted using quantitative research methods with descriptive and associative approaches. The research results stated that the influence of price on purchasing decisions was partially shown at 7.4%. influence of service quality on partial purchasing decisions shown by 64.2%. coefficient of determination R square of 0.716. With this coefficient value, it can be concluded that the independent variables in this study, namely price and service quality, have an influence of 71.6% on purchasing decisions and the remaining 28.4% is influenced by other factors not included in this study.

AbstractThis study aims to prove the support of Agency Theory and Behavioral Consistency Theory as a solution to explain the role of leverage in mediating the influence of male CEO masculinity on research and development. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population and research sample using companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017–2021. This study collects facial images identified as male CEOs from data on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and company websites and utilizes Google search. The data analysis method in this study uses Structural Equation Modeling which connects theories, concepts and data that can be applied to research variables. The findings explain that decreasing and increasing leverage has an impact on increasing and decreasing the masculinity value of male CEOs as well as increasing and decreasing the value of research and development. The implications of the results of this research can assist the Indonesian Institute of Accountants in developing Financial Accounting Standards No. 19 in Indonesia. The theoretical implications of the results of this study can be explained through Agency Theory, Behavioral Consistency Theory and Upper Echelon Theory. The policy implications of the results of this study can provide empirical evidence that the higher the face value of masculinity for male CEOs has an impact on increasing leverage and research and development costs, conversely the lower face value of masculinity for male CEOs has an impact on increasing the value of leverage as well as research and development, and leverage mediates the effect of face male CEO masculinity on research and development costs.

A critical review of agriculture policies during different plan periods, aligned with political changes, has been conducted out to understand the shift in priorities, technology transfer ,support products, and private sector engagement. Firstly, in the 1950s, the policies were influenced by the first five-year plan and focused on the import and dissemination of technology. During the three decades of the Panchayat era, there was an emphasis on state mechanisms for technology transfer, agribusiness, and research, with limited incentives for the private sector. After 1990, agricultural policy products followed a path of liberalization and focused on defining the state’s role and promoting pluralism. This period witnessed the establishment of a wide range of private and cooperative-led agribusinesses, although their growth was hindered by political conflict. Subsequently, policies began to incorporate priorities such as nutrition security, comparative advantage, competitiveness, climate change adaptation, agrobiodiversity conservation, and sustainability. However, with the federalization of the state and establishment of a three-tier governance system in 2015, agriculture policies, priorities and strategies a became fragmented, diversified, and localized, and lack harmonization. This review demonstrates that agriculture policies were largely influenced by domestic political developments and structural changes at the international level. Nonetheless, a consistent focus on increasing production and productivity, as well as achieving food security and self-sufficiency, can be observed.. Throughout all policy periods, supply chain development, a crucial component of agribusiness, received limited prioritization, which remains a major impediment to agricultural transformation. Despite seven decades of policy evolution, Nepal has been unable to create an enabling policy environment to attract significant private and cooperative sector investments that could drive substantial growth in agribusiness. This situation calls for further research in the field of policy formulation capacity among the three tiers of government to foster agribusiness and promote supply chain development for agricultural transformation.

This study's objective is to observe the variables influencing decisions to use food delivery applications (FDAs) in West Java, Indonesia. We start with the argument that observing risk and trust factors in online transactions were crucial to determine consumer’s attitude and their online purchase behaviour in the end. By surveying 384 individuals and responses were taken from structured questionnaires, the relationships between variables were analyzed using quantitative methods incorporating structural equation model, partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that online purchase behaviour is influenced by risk perception and trust, but mediating effect can cause different results in indirect effects.

Purpose. This study aims to empirically measure and analyze the long-run relationship and asymmetric price transmission of the rice market in Aceh Province, Indonesia. It also attempts to empirically examine and analyze the existence of the vertical price trends along the rice distribution channels both in the short term and long term. Methodology / approach. Monthly data from January 2009 to December 2019 on the prices of dry harvested rice (known as Milled Dry Grain – MDG in Indonesia) at the farm level, the prices of MDG at the rice mill level, and the retail prices of the medium- and premium-quality rice were gathered from the report of Statistics Indonesian Agency (BPS – Statistics Indonesia). The study uses a series of econometric techniques comprising cointegration, causality, and Error Correction Model (ECM) to investigate the research objectives. Results. The study found price integration between the upstream and downstream rice markets. The asymmetric price transmission existed in the short run along the rice distribution chain, including the prices of medium-quality rice and premium-quality rice. In the long term, the price of MDG at the huller level is transmitted asymmetrically to the premium-quality rice at the consumer level. A positive asymmetric price transmission is found along the rice supply chain, indicating an increase in price in the upstream market has transmitted faster to the downstream markets than the price decreases. Originality / scientific novelty. Unlike previous studies that analyzed only price integration in the rice market and the direction of price transmission separately, this study empirically investigates both price integration, price transmission, and the direction and magnitude of asymmetric price transmission in the Indonesian rice market. Specifically, this study explores the existence of price integration from upstream to downstream markets and the existence of asymmetric price transmission as well as measures the magnitude and direction of asymmetric price transmission in the rice market in Indonesia. The findings of the study enrich the existing literature and contribute insights into enhancing rice price policy from the perspective of Indonesia, the fourth largest populous country in the world. Practical value / implications. These findings show the importance for the local government to maintain symmetrical market conditions to ensure efficient rice markets in the long term. Rice traders that control the premium-quality rice market by reprocessing medium-quality rice into premium-quality rice should be closely monitored. An inefficient rice market has caused consumers to spend a large proportion of their income on rice, leaving only a little to afford other needs.

ABSTRACT Purpose – Adopting a qualitative approach, this study inquired into Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in relation to job satisfaction. The aim was to develop a better understanding of how and why organizations prioritize performance at the workplace.

This paper aims to provide an alternative perspective on the constructs of family enterprise model. The conceptual model shows the nexus of family and enterprises in four quadrants: Kin, Business; Kin, Not-business; Not-kin, Business; and, Not-kin, Not-business. This construct synthesis aims to cover family enterprises from ancient to contemporary times to contribute to a theoretically founded conceptual framework. The two constructs to form a definition of family enterprise are enterprise, and attachment. The enterprise construct consists of two dimensions, Business and Not-Business. The attachment construct comprises two dimensions, Kin and Not-Kin, which are then offered with conceptual definitions. The paper proposes several ways to appropriately measure the constructs to address research questions. To the best of my knowledge, it is the first academic paper that includes not businesses such as not-for-profit as part of family enterprise business model. It examines the concept of family as member attachment to the enterprise rather than member ancestry. Practitioners and policymakers seeking solutions to family enterprises can use the four quadrants to investigate the issues, as each quadrant contains unique characteristics.

This study aims to empirically investigate the influence of destination image, visitor image congruity, and perceived related health issues on revisit intention and the role of perceived risk as moderators in these relationships. We integrated the theory of self-congruity and protection motivation theory to understand post-pandemic travel behaviour further. Using a moderated regression analysis (MRA), data are collected from 402 students from two universities in Jakarta. The results from the study provide that destination image and image congruity are positively related to revisiting intention, while perceived risk has a negative direction. Moreover, perceived risk is essential in the relationship between destination image, image congruity, and revisit intention. These results extend a model for predicting travel behaviour in crisis/pandemic situations, corroborating the earlier studies, and providing practical implications for stakeholders and tourism area managers.

The research aims to examine the determinants that influence the decision to buy a smartphone. Several factors there are product quality, price, market, promotion were examined to prove the purchase decision and show the effects of the consumer decision in buying a Samsung Galaxy smartphone in Bandar Lampung city. This study uses questionnaire data of respondents. The analysis method in this study uses the Partial Least Square analysis method (PLS). The findings of this study reveal that the low level of purchase decisions Samsung Galaxy smartphones can be damaged by good product quality, more affordable prices for consumers, ease when making pre-orders in the marketplace and attractiveness as well as power promotion of brand ambassadors. Keywords: Purchase Decision, Product Quality, Price, Market, Promotion

English Version The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of e-learning-based training, work motivation, and work discipline on employee competency at KPP Pratama Pematang Siantar. This study employs descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS for data processing. The research sample was made up of 96 employees drawn from 111 different groups using purposive sampling. Employee competency can be explained by 58.2% of the factors e-learning-based training, work motivation, and work discipline. The remaining 41.8% is influenced by issues outside the scope of this study. Regression analysis results show that partially e-learning-based training, work motivation, and work discipline all have a significant and beneficial impact on employee competence, with e-learning-based training having a bigger impact than work motivation and work discipline. Versi Indonesia Tujuan riset ini menganalisa akibat pelatihan berbasis platform elearning, motivasi kerja serta disiplin kerja terhadap kompetensi karyawan di KPP Pratama Pematang Siantar. Riset ini memakai analisis regresi linear berganda dengan memakai program SPSS. Sampel riset sebesar 96 karyawan dari 111 populasi dengan memakai metode sampling purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan berbasis e-learning, motivasi dan disiplin kerja dapat meningkatkan kompetensi karyawan sebesar 58,2% sebaliknya lebihnya 41, 8% dipengaruhi oleh aspek lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam riset ini. Hasil analisis regresi secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan berbasis platform e- learning, motivasi dan disiplin kerja mempengaruhi secara positif signifikan kepada kompetensi karyawan.

The purpose of this research is to empirically prove the effect of online customer reviews, prices, trust, and perceived risk on online buying interest on e-commerce platforms. This research was conducted in the people of Madiun City by taking a sample using a porposive sample and obtained as many as 200 respondents. This research method uses a quantitative approach using SPSS version 20. The results of this study are online customer reviews, price, trust, and perceived risk affect purchase intention and online customer reviews, trust, perceived risk simultaneously affect purchase intention.

The use of motorized vehicles in Indonesia increasing from year to year. This has impacted higher air pollution. The use of electric cars was considered to reduce air pollution. However, the use of electric cars in Indonesia still experienced obstacles. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influenced people to buy electric cars in Jabodetabek through the integration/combination of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) or C-TAM-TPB, which were expanded by adding variables of Price Value, Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Infrastructure Barrier. There are 200 respondents participated in the study. They are selected using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and SEM PLS. The results of this study indicated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a positive influence on attitude. The variables attitude, perceived behavioural control, and price value had a positive influence on the intention to buy electric cars, while subjective norm, perceived risk, environmental awareness, and infrastructure barriers had no significant effect on the intention to buy electric cars. Keywords: buying intention, C-TAM-TPB, electric car, infrastructure barriers

This research aims to identify the effect advertising through social media, particularly Youtube, on purchase intention towards Pantene shampoo. The objects of this research object are the students of Bachelor Degree at Business Department of Telkom University in 2013-2015. This research used quantitative method with primary data gathered by questionnaire. The data collection of 100 respondents was conducted based on probability random sampling and analysed simple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that social media advertising via Youtube give positive effect on purchase intention. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklan melalui media sosial Youtube terhadap minat beli sampo Pantene. Objek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dengan populasi mahasiswa S1 Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis Universitas Telkom pada tahun 2013-2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Jenis data yang dibutuhkan untuk penelitian adalah data primer dengan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel sejumlah 100 responden dilakukan dengan metode probability sampling khususnya proportionate random sampling yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa iklan melalui media sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap minat beli.

This research aims to determine and analyze the performance of Indonesia's Banking Sub Sector before and during the pandemic. We apply the CAMEL method to assess the Bank's performance via CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), NPL (Non-Performing Loan), NPM (Net Profit Margin), ROA (Return on Assets), and LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) in both situations. The sample uses 42 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 – 2020. The results show that the CAR, NPL, and NPM values during the pandemic have increased compared to before the pandemic. However, the ROA and LDR values decreased during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. The other findings exhibit no significant differences in CAR, NPL, NPM, ROA, and LDR on bank performance before and during the pandemic. In conclusion, banks should be aware of changes during the pandemic and will change various financial transactions. The research results are also significant for policymakers to make policies that can facilitate the community and the banking world in the post-pandemic era by paying attention to changes.

The massive technology development introduce non cash payment method using mobile phone, namely mobile payment. It changes consumer behaviour in conduct transaction and specifically induced by COVID 19 pandemic situation, whereas consumer minimize cash transaction. In Indonesian online travel provider, there are various brands available, and Travelokapay in TravelokaEats application considered as the new player in the market. Consumer may not easily adopt a new technology, because of various factors. This study aims to determine the effect of perceived of ease of use and usefulness on consumer attitudes which influence consumer interest in continuing to use the TravelokaPay payment system on the TravelokaEats service. It uses Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which recognized as the familiar approach for new technology adoption. Data gathered from 158 respondents reside in Jakarta, Indonesia with purposive sampling technique. Analysis is conducted using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM). The results demonstrate that perceived ease of use significantly affect perceived usefulness, consumer attitude and continutaion intention. While perceived usefulness significantly affect only to consumer attitude.

Political connection is an expensive resource that can be a source of competitive advantage for a bank. Banks that have political connections will be able to get funding at a lower cost because depositors feel that their funds are safe. The existence of low funding costs will have an impact on better bank performance. This study aims to examine the effect of political connections on bank funding costs and bank performance. The research sample uses 28 foreign exchange banks in Indonesia in the 2014-2017 period which are divided into politically connected and politically unconnected banks. The results show that politically connected banks have cheaper funding costs and better performance than banks that are not politically connected. The implication of this research for banking institutions is that political connections are an advantage that can be used to obtain funds from the public at a lower cost and will be able to improve bank performance.

Restaurant tax is one type of state income that can strengthen economic stability. However, due to the economic crisis due to the pandemic, the target for restaurant tax revenues is not optimal. The purpose of this study aims to examine the impact of social relationships and feed sanctions on mandated tax compliance. This research targets restaurant taxpayers who have been registered at Regional Revenue Office (Bapenda) DKI as many as 50 taxpayers with a sample selection technique using accidental sampling. The sample involved in this study is restaurant taxpayers registered with the DKI Jakarta Bapenda using accidental sampling with 50 restaurant taxpayers. The data collected was then analyzed by multiple regression and processed using SPSS. Hypotheses testing has established that tax audits, regulatory comprehension, and tax sanctions all have a favorable effect on restaurant taxpayer compliance. The social relation variable does not affect restaurant taxpayer compliance. The higher and stricter the tax sanctions, the higher the compliance of restaurant taxpayers. Tax sanctions are used to ensure that taxpayers adhere to restaurant tax payment requirements. Thus, taxpayers will be informed if they are subject to tax penalties for violating and failing to comply with their tax duties.

This descriptive study aimed to examine entrepreneurship’s and intrapreneurship’s roles in translating innovation intention into performance by examining Australian businesses. The primary aim was to investigate whether innovation-active businesses outperformed non-innovation-active businesses. It used the summary data published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics about business innovations during the 2020–2021 financial year. The study included intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship as mediator constructs to hypothesised research questions. The study descriptively analyzed data that compared performance increases from the 2019–2020 to 2020–2021 financial year of the COVID-19 crisis period. It found that innovation-active businesses outperformed non-innovation-active businesses. The performance increased with the size of the business, with large businesses performing best, followed by medium-sized and small businesses. There was no distinctive difference between those with innovation-active and non-innovation-active status for businesses that maintained the same or decreased performance. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided the theoretical framework for the study. The study also found businesses post-crisis have broadened their performance outlook towards a triple bottom line way of thinking, contributing to economic, social, and environmental performance. Considering the findings, the study suggests some policy changes to help businesses thrive after the COVID-19 period.

This study aims to determine the effect of discounts on interest, selection, and satisfaction in the food and beverage ordering application service. In the current digital era, food and beverage ordering applications are widely used by the public, one of which is a food e-commerce website and application. We conducted this research with 100 respondents who are subscribers of food e-commerce websites and applications in Indonesia. The analysis was carried out using path analysis using the SmartPLS version 3. The results of this study indicate that discounts have a significant and positive effect on customers' selection, interest, and satisfaction in the food e-commerce website application. The influence given is also quite significant because it is the strength of food e-commerce websites.

This study aims to prove the consistency of Agency Theory, Behavioral Consistency Theory and Upper Echelon Theory as a solution to explain the role of research & development in mediating the influence of male CEO masculinity on earnings management. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population and research sample using companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016–2021. The study collected images of faces identified as male CEOs from data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and company websites and using a Google search. The data analysis method in this study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Stata Software which connects theories, concepts and data that can be carried out on research variables. The findings explain that the decrease and increase in research and development practices have an impact on increasing and decreasing the value of CEO masculinity men also have an impact on the increase and decrease in the value of research & development companies. The empirical findings have implications for the consistency of Agency Theory, Behavioral Consistency Theory and Upper Echelon Theory. While the findings have practical implications, the findings as policy makers are related to the face of male CEO masculinity as a determinant of earnings management practices and research & development costs.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of the role of supervisor and procrastination on the success of doctoral studies. The sample of this research was 149 alumni of the doctoral program in Indonesia who are taken randomly. A causal study using SEM PLS was implemented with Multi Group analysis (MGA) based on work groups between lecturers and non-lecturer employees. The results of this study indicated that the role of supervisor has a positive effect on the success of the study both as a whole and per group. The role of supervisor has a positive and significant effect on overall procrastination, but differs within the group, for lecturers it is not significant while for non-lecturers is significant. Procrastination as a whole sample has no significant effect on the success of doctoral study, as well as within the group. This can be concluded that the supervisor's role plays an important role in increasing the success of doctoral students' studies. Keywords: Success of study, role of supervisor, Procrastination.

The objective of this research are to analyze the differences in business growth in Indonesia before and after the e-money, era and to analyze the the role of e-money in business growth in Indonesia.The type of this research is quantitative with comparative and explanatory method. The data used in this research is e-money and Indonesia Composite Index (also known as IHSG). Data analysis technique used in this research are paired t-test and regression. The result shows that there is significant difference of business growth in Indonesia between before and after e-money era. Furthermore, based on regression analysis shows that e-money has significant effect on business growth in Indonesia.

The research aimed to describe the implementation of market orientation, transformational leadership, and partnership strategy, competitive advantage, and organizational performance. It also analyzed the effects of the independent variables (market orientation, transformational leadership, and partnership strategy) and intervening variable (competitive advantage) on the dependent variable (organizational performance). The research applied a quantitative method. The respondents were 38 rectors or vice-rectors from private universities selected by using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using PLS technique. The results show that all independent variables have positive effects on competitive advantage, except partnership strategy. Competitive advantage also has a positive effect on organizational performance. The practical research implication is that human resources in universities must have excellent service-oriented. They need to communicate well and coordinate to deliver better service to the students to be competitive and achieve better performance. In conclusion, to increase the university performance, the university leaders need to encourage all employees and faculty members to deliver the best service to the stakeholders of the universities and coordinate well across units to discuss issues and share ideas to solve the problems they have in service delivery. Then, the employees and faculty members will know what to improve and provide, and private universities will be much more competitive because of their reliable resources and capabilities.

Many MSME business enterprises were severely hit during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examined a micro equity financing model as an innovative answer to conventional loans in assisting MSME to survive during and after the pandemic. The micro equity financing model employed a profit-sharing system with flexible repayment and without collateral. A qualitative, descriptive data processing approach was employed. Interviews were conducted online with respondents of MSME that use the micro equity model in the Trust Network Finance (TNF) project in Yogyakarta. It was found more than 75% of MSMEs in Yogyakarta had experienced contractions on the marketing of their business. And more than 50% of MSME players in Yogyakarta had experienced problems in repaying loans due to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. We suggested from the results that the micro equity model had shown to provide many benefits to MSME, especially in marketing and financial aspects, such as more accessible loan applications, flexible repayment schedules, and business assistance.

This study aims to measure and validate the variable constructs of marketing activity in Instagram social media. The results of this study will be very meaningful for the study and implementation of measurement of marketing activity in Instagram social media because currently Instagram is a social media that has a large customer base and has activity business therein. This study uses a questionnaire as a means of collecting data that is sent online. The population in this study were social media users who had done online transactions on Instagram social media as many as 352 respondents’ data were collected which were then performed statistical calculations. Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were conducted to measure marketing activities on Instagram social media. The results recommend that the variable marketing activity on Instagram social media can be measured through 6 dimensions consisting of 20 indicator items. These dimensions are visual communication, relationship interaction, delivery of information, recommendations, personalization, and modern elements. All these dimensions and indicators are in construct and consistency declared valid for measuring Instagram social media marketing activities. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan memvalidasi konstruk variabel aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram. Hasil penelitian ini akan sangat berarti untuk kajian dan implementasi pengukuran aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram karena saat ini instagram merupakan media sosial yang memiliki basis pelanggan yang banyak dan terdapat aktivitas bisnis di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data yang dikirimkan secara online. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pengguna media sosial yang pernah melakukan transaksi online di media sosial Instagram sebanyak 352 data responden berhasil terkumpul yang kemudian dilakukan penghitungan statistik. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dilakukan untuk mengukur aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa variable aktivitas pemasaran pada media sosial instagram dapat diukur melalui 6 dimensi yang terdiri dari 20 item indikator. Dimensi tersebut adalah komunikasi visual, interaksi relasi, penyampaian informasi, rekomendasi, personalisasi, dan unsur modern. Kesemua dimensi dan indikator tersebut secara konstruk dan konsistensi dinyatakan valid untuk mengukur aktivitas pemasaran media sosial instagram.