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BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma, a cartilage matrix producing tumor, is the second most commonly observed primary bone tumor after osteosarcoma, accounting for 15% of all chest wall malignancies. We herein report the case of a patient with chondrosarcoma of the sternum and our management of the chest wall defects that presented following radical tumor resection. CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old patient presented to our hospital with dull pain and a protruding mass overlying the chest for 3 mo. The presence of nocturnal pain and mass size progression was reported, as were overhead arm elevation-related limitations. Computed tomography showed a focal osteoblastic mass in the sternum with bony exostosis and adjacent soft tissue calcification. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed hypermetabolic activity with a mass located over the upper sternum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a focal ill-defined bony mass of the sternum with cortical destruction and periosteal reaction. Preoperative biopsy showed a consistent result with chondrosarcoma with immunohistochemical positivity for S100 and focal positivity for IDH-1. The grade II chondrosarcoma diagnosis was confirmed by postoperative pathology. The patient underwent radical tumor resection and chest wall reconstruction with a locking plate and cement spacer. The patient was discharged 1 wk after surgery without any complications. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no local recurrence on imaging. The functional scores, including Constant Score, Nottingham Clavicle Score, and Oxford Shoulder Score, showed the absence of pain in the performance of daily activities or substantial functional disabilities. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of chondrosarcoma must be considered when chest wall tumors are encountered. The surgical reconstructive materials, with a locking plate and cement spacer, used in our study are cost-effective and readily-available for the sternum defect.

In recent years, people have begun to use sharing economy platforms such as Airbnb and Uber. The rapid development of such sharing economy platforms has thus become an important topic. Studies regarding the sharing economy have discussed resource providers but not users. Therefore, this study constructs a model to measure the components of sharing economy drivers and the correlation between those drivers and usage intention, in addition to exploring the differences in the composition of drivers and usage intention between Airbnb and Uber. The survey method was an online questionnaire. The sample analysis uses partial least squares regression to verify the hypothesis and analyze the components that form the sharing economy for drivers. According to the results, sharing economy drivers─Societal drivers, Economic drivers, Technological drivers, affect usage intention, and different combinations of sharing economy components, such as enjoyment, network externalities, perceived quality, cost saving, and efficiency, exist in Airbnb and Uber. For the reference of relevant academic research and practical operation in the future.

Background: Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. The incidence of citrin deficiency is estimated between 1/10,000 and 1/20,000 in Taiwan. Case report: This report describes a case of a 42 day old female infant who suffered from prolonged jaundice, poor weight gain, and anemia. The initial total/direct bilirubin levels were 8.1/3.11 mg/dL. Liver biopsy was performed at 47 days old. The pathology revealed lobules marked with macrovesicular and microvesicular fatty metamorphosis. The serum amino acid profile showed elevated levels of threonine, methionine, citrulline, and arginine. Newborn screening disclosed normal results, but the genetic study revealed SLC25A13 mutation 851–854 del and 615 + 5G > A. The genetic study of her parents showed that the father carried the SLC25A13 mutation 851–854 del and the mother carried the SLC25A13 mutation 615 + 5G > A. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid decreased the bilirubin levels to a normal range at the age of 5 months. Conclusion: This report illustrates that hepatic steatosis is a feature of NICCD. For every young infant patient who develops cholestasis, the pediatrician must consider NICCD as a differential diagnosis even if newborn screening shows normal findings.

In recent years, social media becomes a new communication channel in marketing. Social media facilitate improved targeting and play a critical role in marketing operations. We collect empirical data that can be used to determine whether social media marketing actually creates brand benefits or increases product sales. We proposed a new model for measuring the effectiveness of social media marketing and explained the benefits created by different brand and user types on social media. By conducting the seemingly unrelated regression estimation (SURE) model, this research collected 1,956 valid samples from the consumers who use the social media marketing. The results show that search goods and experience goods in social media marketing create diverse effective directions in interaction effects. For mobile phone brands other than the iPhone, social benefits were nonsignificant; however, brand benefits for them were significant because of the interplay of benefits.Although scholars and marketers are aware already of the significance of social media marketing, there are no definitive empirical data that can be used to determine whether social media marketing actually creates brand benefits or increases product sales. Moreover, in the past, most scholars have focused on verifying causality among the joining motivation, participation, and benefits for a single social media channel (Algesheimer, Dholakia, and Hermann, 2005; Van Doorn et al., 2010). Discussions about brand and the relationship between user types and benefits in social media marketing research are rare. Therefore, in this study, the benefits of social media marketing were examined by considering seven types of social media users and two types of brands in an attempt to identify the main success factors affecting social media marketing. To cite this document: I-Ping Chiang, Ray Wong, and Chih-hui Huang, "Exploring the Benefits of Social Media Marketing for Brands and Communities", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.10, No.2, pp.113-140, 2019. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1547

With the growing use of social media in the world, a wide variety of social media applications and services have been produced. Popular social media platforms leverage their unique functions to persuade their users to adopt such applications and services, and many enterprises have begun to consider social media operations as a crucial aspect. Thus, since the gradual influence of social media on consumer behavior, a new social commerce model has begun to develop. This research examined both business and social aspects of social commerce sites to establish an evaluation model for measuring their quality and effectiveness. We collected 468 valid samples of online users who had used social commerce site to browse or purchase products and were willing to use again. We used EFA and CFA to confirm the model we constructed, and Partial least squares regression was used to analyze the relationship among the antecedents and consequences of quality evaluation in social commerce sites. According to the result, the consumers’ behaviors were most likely affected by functionality, enjoyment, process, reliability, presence, and identity with a social commerce site. This study not only provided a credible social commerce quality measurement for other scholars to conduct relevant research but also provide conclusions for the marketing strategy of social commerce sites and products as a reference. keywords: Social commerce, Internet marketing, Online shopping, E-commerce To cite this document: Chiang, I.-P., Lin, K.-C., Huang, C.-H., Yang, W.-L. (2019). Influence factors of people purchasing on social commerce sites. Contemporary Management Research, 15(2), 69-87. https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18575

AAs the popularity of social network services (SNS) grows, users’ online behavior is increasingly being affected by SNS browsing. Now, mobile device serve as a tool for social connection, provides an increasingly important communication channel in facilitating social connections. SNSs that are adequate for mobile devices have been developed. To clarify web user social information behavior, this study used social network sites to analyze smartphone user online behavior by collecting user clickstream data over a period of 3 months. The influence of SNS browsing on types of external sites visited—namely news, shopping, searches, forums, videos, and blogs—is examined. This study used a site-centric approach, wherein user data was examined by using association rules and the Jaccard Index to explore the relationship between SNS and other online activities. We collaborates with InsightXplorer to recruit smart phone users, collected 580 samples from the consumers who use the smartphone. First, user-centric approach will be conducted for correlation analysis to quantify the association between SNSs and other categories, and then use the results as the standard to conduct fixed effect model by exploring the duration of gender, age and weekdays/weekend at 24hrs. Second, site-centric approach will conduct correspondence analysis and association rules by using users' session to gather all categories in the graph and explore the relationship between the SNSs and the other categories. The result shows that Taiwanese smartphone users use Facebook (both Web and App) as a news-seeking, topic-seeking, video-seeking and word-of-mouth–seeking platform. That means Facebook will become a portal. When people want to find something interesting, the first thing is to open Facebook and searching their timeline. Finally, based on the findings, this study to provide a stepping stone for marketers and researchers to understand web users’ social information behavior. Keywords: Smartphone, Social information behavior, Web usage mining, Clickstream data, Mobile commerce To cite this document: Chiang, I.-P., Lin, C.-Y., & Wu, Y.-J. (2019). Exploring smartphone users’ social information behavior. Contemporary Management Research, 15(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18461

Background Data on noninvasive liver fibrosis staging after viral eradication are unclear. This histology-based study validated the performance of liver stiffness (LS) measurements after viral eradication. Methods Consecutive participants with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who received concomitant LS measurements through acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and percutaneous liver biopsy were prospectively screened and analyzed. Results Of the 644 patients, 521 (80.9%) underwent a biopsy at treatment baseline, and the remaining 123 (19.1%) underwent a biopsy at 3 years (median; interquartile range, 0.1) after the sustained virological response (SVR) to pegylated interferon–based and direct-acting antiviral treatments. The proportions of histological fibrosis stages did not differ significantly between the pretreatment and post-SVR groups (P = .0615). However, the LS values differed significantly (P < .0001). The median LS values (presented as shear wave velocities in meters per second) were 1.51 (0.92) for the pretreatment group and 1.22 (0.77) for the post-SVR group. The cutoffs (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, obtained using the bootstrap method) to dichotomize between METAVIR fibrosis stage F1 versus stages F2–F4, F1–F2 versus F3–F4, and F1–F3 versus F4 were 1.47 (0.8333, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7981–0.8663), 1.81 (0.8763, 95% CI 0.8376–0.9107), and 1.86 (0.8811, 95% CI 0.8378–0.9179) in the pretreatment group, respectively, and 1.22 (0.7872, 95% CI 0.7001–0.8624), 1.59 (0.8808, 95% CI 0.8034–0.9422), and 1.75 (0.9018, 95% CI 0.8201–0.9644) in the post-SVR group, respectively. Conclusions The performance of LS measurements through ARFI elastography is promising to determine the liver fibrosis stage on necroinflammation-resolved histology in CHC after viral eradication.

OBJECTIVES The impact of viral eradication on hepatic angiogenesis is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the correlations of liver angiogenesis with liver fibrosis progression or regression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) after viral eradication. METHODS From 2003 to 2020, a cohort of 130 eligible participants underwent paired percutaneous liver biopsies (median = 48 months apart; range = 46-62) at the treatment baseline and after sustained virological response to CHC treatment at the tertiary referral center. The collagen proportionate area (CPA) of liver tissue sections was determined using picrosirius red staining through digital image analysis. CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) phenotypically quantitated liver angiogenesis and myofibroblasts, respectively, through immunohistochemistry staining, to correlate the total, portal, and extraportal liver angiogenesis with fibrogenesis. RESULTS Paired histology manifested significant regressions in fibrosis stages, and necroinflammatory grades (both P

Due to the competitiveness of the e-commerce environment and the emerging usage of mobile devices, companies have found a new e-marketing strategy, that is, online-to-offline (O2O) marketing, to integrate both channels more efficiently. The rapid rise of the O2O market in recent years has changed the way people consume and become an important issue. However, there are still very few studies focusing on O2O marketing issues. Hence, the purpose of this study is to develop an analytic model to explore how consumers adopt O2O commerce models. In this study, we collect 1,267 samples of valid Taiwan-based internet users who intended to adopt multi-channel retailing, using a web survey of consumers through InsightXplorer’s CyberPanel. We use EFA and CFA to confirm search factors (information availability, search convenience, enjoyment, media richness and tangibility) and purchase factors (service quality, price and promotion, purchase convenience, risk perception, immediacy and product quantity) in keeping with past research. We also conduct a multinomial logit model to analyze the relationships among search factors, purchase factors, and adopting multi-channel purchasing behavior. The results indicate that the main reason consumers choose to purchase through physical channels is that they could provide better sales service quality and have a lower shopping risk, however, if consumers care about prices and promotions, they tend to lean towards the Mobile path. At the close of this paper, in-depth discussions and conclusions are provided to inform further research and future practices. To cite this document: I-Ping Chiang, Chia-Yi Lin, and Chih-Hui Huang, "Measuring the Effects of Online-to-Offline Marketing", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 167-190, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18462

With the rapid growth and development of social network services, companies have largely increased their advertising budgets for social media advertising. Social media advertising has attracted a great deal of attention among marketers and re-searchers. However, very few works of research have focused on social media ad-vertising and have only concentrated on measuring clicking effects. This study es-tablished a model to analyze customers’ engagement in social media advertising, the relationship among the antecedents of social media advertising engagement, the en-gagement behaviours in social media advertising, and the consequences of social media advertising. This study conducted an online survey among 502 valid Internet users. Partial least squares regression was used to analyze the relationship among the antecedents and consequences of user engagement in social media advertising. Fi-nally, based on the findings, discussions and conclusions will be provided regarding further research and practices. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Social Media Advertising, Customer Engage-ment Behaviour To cite this document: I Ping Chiang, Shih Hui Lo, and Ling-Hui Wang, "Customer Engagement Behaviour in Social Media Advertising: Antecedents and Consequences", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 193-216, 2017. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.17673

Cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas (CDHP) is characterized by the presence of cystic dilatation of the ectopic pancreatic ducts in heterotopic pancreas, which mostly occurs in the second portion of the duodenum [1,2].

People increasingly depend on the consumer experiences of a virtual community when making purchasing decisions. Potential consumers search for different types of electronic word of mouth when choosing a product to purchase. Social shopping has numerous advantages including community-based interaction and the sharing of consumer experiences; however, few studies have focused on measuring the effects of social shopping. This study established a conceptual framework for measuring the effects of social shopping activities, comprising the key elements of (1) the perceptions of social shopping activities, (2) collective intelligence and dissonance, and (3) the consequences of social shopping. This study collected 836 valid Internet user responses to an online survey. Partial least squares regression was used to analyze the relationship between the elements and to measure the effects in different social shopping stimuli.

The growth of Facebook has accelerated with an increasing prevalence of social media. Facebook users have become more dependent on it by interacting with others. However, the precise means by which Facebook services deliver social support remains unclear. This study aims to investigate that Facebook exists as different types of social support within Facebook’s various functions and communicative contexts. We employed the method of investigation on the internet to delivery questionnaires. Data are collected from a total of 1019 internet users, and we used research methods Chi-square test and MANOVA to examine that the Facebook usage behaviors of distinct demographic groups are significantly diverse. In the context of manipulated scenarios, tie strength and status lead to significantly distinct Facebook usage behaviors and produced dissimilar types and forms of social supports. As the result, in terms of social, esteem, companionship and information, supports were conveyed through like and comment functions, while emotional support was only conveyed through comment function. To cite this document: I-Ping Chiang and Yaw-Der Huang, "How to create social support on Facebook", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.7, No.1, pp.1-20, 2016. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1243

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor, characterized by a high metastatic potential. However, the crosstalk between chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), which facilitates tumor progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an angiogenesis inducer and a highly specific mitogen for endothelial cells, has not been well explored in human osteosarcoma. Here we demonstrate the correlation of CCL3 and VEGF-A expressions, quantified by immunohistochemistry, with the tumor stage of human osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma cells that subsequently induces human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration and tube formation. Phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 was found after CCL3 stimulation. In addition, JNK, ERK, and p38 inhibitors also abolished CCL3-induced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis. We noted that CCL3 reduces the expression of miR-374b and miR-374b mimic by reversing CCL3-promoted VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This study shows that CCL3 promotes VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma cells by down-regulating miR-374b expression via JNK, ERK, and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, CCL3 may be a new molecular therapeutic target in osteosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis.

Cancer immunotherapy is attractive for antigen-specific T cell-mediated anti-tumor therapy, especially in induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this report, we evaluated human CTL epitope-induced anti-tumor effects in human lung cancer xenograft models. The tumor associated antigen L6 (TAL6) is highly expressed in human lung cancer cell lines and tumor specimens as compared to normal lung tissues. TAL6 derived peptides strongly inhibited tumor growth, cancer metastasis and prolonged survival time in HLA-A2 transgenic mice immunized with a formulation of T-helper (Th) peptide, synthetic CpG ODN, and adjuvant Montanide ISA-51 (ISA-51). Adoptive transfer of peptide-induced CTL cells from HLA-A2 transgenic mice into human tumor xenograft SCID mice significantly inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, combination of CTL-peptide immunotherapy and gemcitabine additively improved the therapeutic effects. This pre-clinical evaluation model provides a useful platform to develop efficient immunotherapeutic drugs to treat lung cancer and demonstrates a promising strategy with benefit of antitumor immune responses worthy of further development in clinical trials.

As a forecasting tool, audience movie reviews provide a guide for film companies. This study uses a text mining technique to analyze the American film market. It explores movie reviews including word of mouth (WOM) factors (i.e., movie content, positive, negative, and promotion) and related factors (i.e., time, rating, and the number of ratings) for the box office. According to the relationship between the keyword clusters, the major factors that affect the box office are determined. The findings provide reference for movie producers to manipulate WOMs.

The rapid growth of weblog (blog) services has induced Internet users to share their feelings and information via blogs. Few researchers are currently investigating why people blog. In this study, we explored the antecedents and consequences of blogging behaviors. We collected 613 valid responses to an online survey from blog users. Factor analysis was conducted to confirm 3 antecedents of using blogs as social motivations, goal orientation, and entertainment orientation. We identified 3 key blogging behaviors of basic journaling, more advanced publishing, and interactive feedback. Social and information return were identified as the 2 major effects of blogging behaviors. The results of structural equation modeling showed that social motivations and entertainment orientation had significant impacts on all 3 blogging behaviors and goal orientation positively influenced advanced publishing and interactive feedback. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Although the second peak of the age distribution of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is at adolescence, renal RMS is extremely rare at this age group. This tumor is indistinguishable from other renal tumors based on clinical and imaging findings, and the diagnosis relies on histology and immunohistochemical staining. We report a unique case of adolescent renal RMS associated with tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium. An 18-year-old female adolescent presented with shortness of breath and palpitations, associated with right flank discomfort, and hematuria. A pleomorphic-type renal RMS with Budd–Chiari syndrome and arrhythmia induced by IVC and RA thrombosis was diagnosed. Despite complete tumor resection, the patient developed multiple lung metastases a month after surgery. Chemotherapy was recommended, but the patient declined. She died within a year of the initial operation. Adolescent renal RMS is rare and associated with poor outcome. Early aggressive multimodal therapy seems to be appropriate, in particular, in the presence of tumor thrombosis.

Primary angiosarcoma of lung is a rare condition. Only about 20 cases have appeared in English published reports so far. Its rarity and consequent low index of suspicion makes clinical diagnosis difficult. Pathological diagnosis of the epithelioid variant of pulmonary angiosarcoma is particularly challenging. We report a case of primary pulmonary epithelioid angiosarcoma as a solitary pulmonary nodule in image study in a 41-year-old man with a brief review, to contribute it to the sparse literature on this disease.

Portal hypertension and splenomegaly are common in patients with cirrhosis. However, there is limited previous in vivo research on the correlation between spleen stiffness and stages of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of spleen stiffness measurement (SSM), using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology, for liver fibrosis assessment. Eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B or C (n = 163) underwent concurrent liver stiffness measurement (LSM), SSM and percutaneous liver biopsy. Receiver operating characteristic curves estimated the diagnostic performance of SSM, with multiple linear regression models for LSM and SSM determining the significance of explanatory factors. Results indicated significant correlation between LSM and SSM (R(2) = 0.574, P < 0.0001). Using SSM to classify METAVIR fibrosis (METAVIR F) scores, the areas under curves were 0.839 (95% CI: 0.780-0.898) for METAVIR F1 vs F2-4, 0.936 (95% CI: 0.898-0.975) for F1-2 vs F3-4 and 0.932 (95% CI: 0.893-0.971) for F1-3 vs F4, all P < 0.001. Multiple linear regression models identified BMI, spleen stiffness, METAVIR F3 and F4, serum alanine aminotransferase, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, sodium and platelet count as significant independent explanatory factors for liver stiffness (adjusted R(2) = 0.724, P < 0.001). Male gender, liver stiffness, METAVIR F2, F3 and F4 also significantly and independently explained spleen stiffness (adjusted R(2) = 0.647, P < 0.001). ARFI SSM is potentially useful as a single or adjunct predictor of stages of liver fibrosis.

A 55-year-old man was incidentally diagnosed with a superficial squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. However, the systemic survey with FDG PET/CT revealed a picture of more advanced disease because of the regional lymph node metastases and a suspected distal metastasis in the left renal pelvis, which was somewhat strange for a small superficial esophageal cancer. Subsequently, the renal pelvic lesion was confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma. However, a primary tumor rather than metastasis in the renal pelvis was considered according to the histologic characteristics and radiologic findings.

In this study we investigated the preferences of blog readers for the purpose of designing effective blog marketing campaigns. We surveyed 965 customers who have searched for product information via blogs before consuming, and used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The results showed that the convenience provided by blogs is an important reason for consumers to use the medium for product research. Blog marketing elements were also analyzed in terms of interactional sharing, novelty, and professional characteristics. It was found that interactional sharing most affects consumers' intention to purchase. Additionally, for those who use blogs as a way to search for different types of products, degree of expertise is also an important factor.

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma is very rarely encountered in clinical practice. It has a high mortality rate and very short median survival. Early diagnosis of these rare tumors, especially those originating from the small intestine, is usually difficult because of its nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we describe a case of a primary small intestinal natural killer/T cell lymphoma in a 52-year-old man who presented with abdominal fullness and weight loss. The clinical symptoms, elevation of serum levels of cancer antigen-125, and presence of ascites initially led to the suspicion of tuberculous peritonitis. Abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a hypodense tumor in the jejunum. Finally, the tumor was surgically confirmed to be a natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Although aggressive chemotherapy was prescribed, the patient subsequently died of disease progression. In addition, we also review the English literature on this rare disease.

PurposeThere has been considerable discussion of various aspects of the “Web 2.0” concept in the past several years. However, the Web 2.0 concept as a whole has not been analysed through the lens of the Web 1.0 metrics on which managers rely heavily for planning and evaluation. This paper aims to analyse the relationships among a site's audience metrics and its degree of Web 2.0‐ness.Design/methodology/approachData collected from an online panel's clickstreams were aggregated to derive the web audience metrics. A web site's degree of Web 2.0‐ness was evaluated through a three‐step procedure by a series of binary criteria as to whether the site accommodates popular Web 2.0 applications. Pearson and Spearman correlations were conducted for the empirical analysis of data consisting of clickstreams gathered from an online panel coupled with expert scoring of web sites.FindingsIt was found that the size of a web site's visitor base is positively associated with the average number of page views per visitor. The average number of page views per visitor is in turn positively associated with the speed at which the visitors consume the site's content. Furthermore, a site's degree of Web 2.0‐ness is positively associated with the average number of page views per visitor and the speed of content consumption on the site.Practical implicationsFirst, the “double jeopardy” phenomenon of small brands found in the consumer package goods market is also observed for small sites in cyberspace in terms of audience metrics. Second, the accommodation of more Web 2.0 applications in a web site enhances the site's attractiveness so that its visitor base grows and its visitors will have a deeper relationship with the site.Originality/valueThis paper examines the Web 2.0 phenomenon through the Web 1.0 lens by exploring the relationships among web audience metrics and the degree of Web 2.0‐ness across web sites. It characterises the relationships among a web site's audience metrics and those between such metrics and the site's degree of Web 2.0‐ness. In addition this study fills an important gap in the literature and could serve as a stepping‐stone for further exploration of Web 2.0 issues from the market perspective.

Objective: To describe a case of fosinopril-induced severe cholestatic jaundice successfully treated with plasma exchange. Case Summary: A 78-year-old Taiwanese male presented with yellowish skin and generalized itching one month after starting fosinopril 10 mg once a day. Other drugs taken by the patient were excluded as the probable cause of jaundice. Diagnostic modalities, including abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, revealed no evidence of biliary tract obstruction or intraabdominal tumor. According to the Council for International Organizations of Medical Science (CIOMS) scale, fosinopril was a highly probable cause of the patient's jaundice. Liver biopsy showed cholestasis without bile duct damage. Based on results of the CIOMS scale assessment and pathological characteristics of the liver, the diagnosis was highly probable that fosinopril had induced cholestatic jaundice in our patient. During hospitalization, the patient developed severe jaundice and liver failure, despite conservative treatment and withdrawal of fosinopril. He underwent a 5-day course of plasma exchange therapy, and the serum bilirubin level declined rapidly after treatment. His liver function returned to normal 2 months after treatment. Discussion: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor–induced hepatotoxicity is rare and only a few cases, with most involving captopril, have been reported in the English-language literature. Hepatotoxicity caused by fosinopril is extremely rare. Most ACE inhibitor–induced hepatotoxicity is mild and transient, but it can be fatal. Although orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the standard method for treating drug-induced liver failure, plasma exchange therapy is an alternative therapeutic method or a bridge to OLT for treating liver failure. Conclusions: Plasma exchange therapy may play a valuable role in the treatment of fosinopril-induced cholestatic jaundice and liver failure. This intervention can be considered for temporary liver support until recovery or OLT.

With the increased use of mobile devices and social network services (SNSs), people can browse SNSs anytime and anywhere. This study used Facebook as the core sites for analyzing web users’ information behavior online and on mobile devices by collecting users’ clickstream data of three months.

We report 2 cases of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is a very rare cause of knee pain. The first patient presented with extension block of the knee, and the second patient had simple knee pain. Both patients did not have obvious trauma history or clinical instability of the knee. After arthroscopic debridement of the lesion, both patients regained full range of motion of the knee and were pain-free at follow-up. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is suspected when an apparently thickened and ill-defined ligament with increased signal intensity on all sequences in magnetic resonance imaging is identified in a patient with physically intact ligament and no obvious trauma history. Arthroscopic debridement of the mucoid degeneration of the ACL was safe and effective in these 2 patients.

To assess the effects of liver iron overload and fibrosis after treatment with a chelating agent in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected thalassemia, from April 1999 to July 2004, 45 patients with thalassemia major (age range 9-33 years, mean 19.3) received daily deferiprone (L1) for 23-60 months (75 mg/kg). The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their hepatitis status (27 with, 18 without). Their serum was analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), bilirubin (total/direct), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P), and ferritin. Liver iron overload and fibrosis were defined by a senior pathologist. No significant differences were demonstrated in serum levels of GPT, GOT, bilirubin, r-GT, Alk-P or ferritin; comparison was made for each group before and after L1 treatment. Iron scores were 2.3 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 0.9 for the hepatitis C negative and positive groups, respectively (p = 0.07), with liver fibrosis scores of 1.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.4 +/- 0.52 (p = 0.56). The two scores were not higher for the positive group. There was no evidence of: 1) greater iron overload and fibrosis in the HCV-infected thalassemic patients; 2) L1 inducing progressive hepatic fibrosis or worsening iron overload in HCV-infected thalassemic patients after long-term therapy; 3) further damage to liver cells associated with L1 treatment.

In recent years, mobile device and mobile network usage have been rapidly growing. Location-based services (LBS), in particular, have become an indispensable aspect of future mobile commerce. In order to develop a model for the antecedents and consequences of LBS, this study used questionnaires to collect survey data. Analysis of this data occurred through the structural equation model (SEM). The data show that service function, media richness, and personalization of LBS help to generate value in LBS. This study concludes that LBS obtain their value through the “3Rs” of relevance, reliability, and recreation. The 3R values enhance users’ customer engagement, purchase intention, and functional alternatives. Overall, recreation is the most influential value, with media richness being the key element of this value. These findings can help LBS research, as well as LBS providers and marketers, in discovering a more tactical approach. To cite this document: I-Ping Chiang and Ching-Hsiang Chen, "Evaluating antecedents and consequences of location-based services", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.8, No.1, pp.47-76, 2017. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1374

Ganglion cysts of the temporomandibular joint are very rare and always misdiagnosed as synovial cyst, parotid gland tumor, or other cystic lesions. They present with pain, swelling, or dysfunction. Image studies could facilitate to identify the tumor mass from the adjacent soft tissue, but a definitive diagnosis could be made from the pathologic report.A 59-year-old woman presented to the clinics with a chief complaint of a painless swelling mass in the right preauricular region of 3-month duration. Computed tomography was performed, which showed a small radiolucent lesion adjacent to the right condyle. Local excision was performed, and the specimen was sent for histologic examination.Microscopic examination showed a cystic space walled by dense fibrous connective tissue without epithelial or endothelial lining. Immunohistochemical staining of these lining cells showed positivity for vimentin and negativity for cytokeratin. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of ganglion cyst.Ganglion cysts present as unilobulate or multilobulate cysts that arise from the collagenous tissue and is filled with highly viscous fluid. It does not communicate with the joint cavity. In contrast, synovial cyst is a true cyst lined by cuboidal or flattened cells from the synoviocytes and is filled with gelatinous fluid. It may or may not communicate with the joint cavity. Excision is the treatment of choice of symptomatic cystic lesions. Incomplete excision of these lesions may cause further recurrence or infection. Thus, injection of hydrocortisone or aspiration may be considered as an alternative management.

Summary: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a monoclonal disease of histiocytes, may involve several organ systems but rarely primarily involves the thyroid gland. This report presents an extremely rare case of LCH of the thyroid and lungs in a 3-year-old boy who presented with a neck mass for several weeks. The patient subsequently underwent chemotherapy with resolution of the goiter and lung findings, and the patient remained in complete remission 1 year after chemotherapy. LCH of the thyroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with a thyroid mass. Pulmonary examination should be done in these patients.

Division of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, TaiwanThe optimal treatment of localized large-cell lymphoma of the stomach remains contro-versial. In particular, the role of surgical resection of the primary tumor needs to beclearly defined. We have reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of gastric lymphoma andtreated in our institutions between 1988 and 1998. Patients fulfilling the following criteriawere included in this study: (1) histologically proven large-cell lymphoma of the stomach;(2) adequate pathological materials and complete clinical information for analysis; (3)clinical stage I/II disease according to the Musshoff modification of Ann Arbor system;and (4) received primary chemotherapy alone with anthracycline- or anthracenedione-containing regimens (group A) or curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy(group B). There were 38 and 21 patients in group A and group B, respectively. Allpertinent clinicopathologic features were similar between the two groups of patients,except that patients of group A had significantly more stage II-2 disease (P= 0.004). Ofgroup A, among 36 patients who could be evaluated for response to chemotherapy, therewere 29 complete and 1 partial responses, with an overall response rate of 83.3% (95% CI,71.1–95.5%). The projected 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS)were 86.0% (95% CI, 73.3–98.7%) and 72.6% (95% CI, 57.0–88.2%), respectively. On theother hand, the projected 5-year RFS and OS of group B were 77.9% (95% CI, 58.0–97.8%)and 77.8% (95% CI, 57.9–97.7%), respectively, not significantly different from that ofgroup A. Our data suggest that systemic chemotherapy alone may be a reasonablealternative treatment for stage I/II large-cell lymphoma of the stomach. Resection of theprimary tumor before systemic chemotherapy does not appear to improve the cure rateof this group of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 64:175–179, 2000.

The posterior tibial tendons (PTTs) of 16 patients with PTT dysfunction and 10 age-matched healthy subjects were examined ultrasonographically, using a 10-MHz linear-array transducer. Normal PTTs appeared hyperechoic (more echogenic) and oval, with an average diameter of 7.8 mm × 3.7 mm at the medial malleolar level. Degenerated PTTs appeared hypoechoic (less echogenic) and swollen (9.8 mm × 5.0 mm). Peritendinitis presented as a hypoechoic rim on the longitudinal sonogram (along the long axis of the tendon) and a “target sign” (hyperechoic central structure with a hypoechoic halo) on the transverse sonogram (at the right angle to the long axis of the tendon). Complete rupture of the PTT revealed an empty tibial groove at the level of the medial malleolus on the transverse sonogram and a wavy fibril pattern over the distal end on the longitudinal sonogram. Compared with the operative findings or the results of the magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography was sensitive and specific in diagnosing tenosynovitis and complete rupture of the PTT.

This study investigated the effects of exercise training on the regional release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into control and training groups, respectively. The training groups received moderate exercise by running on a drum exerciser for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks. At the end of experiments, thoracic aortae and common carotid arteries were excised. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxing responses due to EDNO release were evaluated in the presence of indomethacin. Vascular relaxing responses to A23187 or to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were also studied. Our results indicated that after training, (1) the vascular sensitivity of thoracic aortae to ACh-induced relaxation was elevated when indomethacin was present; this effect was absent in the common carotid artery and it was abolished by adding N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, and (2) no significant changes in SNP- or A23187-induced vascular relaxing responses, both being nonreceptor-mediated processes, were observed. We can conclude that for both hypertensive and normotensive rats, exercise training may increase receptor-mediated agonist-stimulated EDNO release in the thoracic aorta, but not in the common carotid artery. Copyright 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Few studies have compared the distinct hepatic collagen morphometrics of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This study compared the discrepancies between CHB and CHC in liver fibrosis (F) quantification by using the collagen proportionate area (CPA) and liver stiffness (LS) measured with shear wave velocity (SWV). This study enrolled 274 eligible consecutive patients diagnosed with CHB (n = 137) or CHC (n = 137). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years (median = 50). In total, 154 patients (56.2%) were male. Participant LS was measured by using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography preceding an immediate percutaneous liver biopsy. The total proportion of the collagen stained with picrosirius red to the total tissue area was expressed as the CPA percentage, which was stratified into portal–bridging (PB) and perisinusoidal (PS) proportionate areas (PAs). Based on the METAVIR F staging system, 36 (26.3%), 36 (26.3%), 28 (20.4%), and 37 (27.0%) participants in the CHB group and 34 (24.8%), 45 (32.9%), 34 (24.8%), and 24 (17.5%) participants in the CHC group were staged as F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. Both the total CPAs and PBPAs were significantly (P

Since Internet surfing became a daily activity, people have changed their behavior. This research analyzes the causes of problematic Internet use through an online survey, where 1,094 samples were collected. Based on the results of structural equation modeling analysis, the following conclusions are reached: First, novelty, security, and efficiency increase users' online trust. Second, information and efficiency enhance users' sharing and anonymity online. Third, greater trust in Internet environments leads to an increase in a user's cognitive bias toward online behavioral responsibility and Internet addiction. Fourth, a user's attitude toward online sharing further increases the cognitive bias toward online copyright. Fifth, a user's attitude toward anonymity increases cognitive bias toward online copyright, online behavioral responsibility, and deepens Internet addiction.

Background Previous research has shown variation in the effects of patient factors, including hepatic necroinflammatory activity, on liver stiffness measurement (LSM). This prospective study attempts to identify explanatory factors for LSM in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology. Methods A cohort of 127 Taiwanese patients with CHC underwent ARFI LSM and immediate percutaneous liver biopsy. This study compares the concurrent diagnostic performances of LSM and FibroTest using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Three multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the significance of concurrent patient factors in explaining LSM. Results To classify METAVIR fibrosis (F) stages, the areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were ARFI LSM, 0.847 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.779-0.914) and FibroTest, 0.823 (95% CI, 0.748-0.898), for F1 versus F2-4; ARFI LSM, 0.902 (95% CI, 0.835-0.970) and FibroTest, 0.812 (95% CI, 0.735-0.888), for F1-2 versus F3-4; ARFI LSM, 0.831 (95% CI, 0.723-0.939) and FibroTest, 0.757 (95% CI, 0.648-0.865), for F1-3 versus F4. After adjusting for other demographic and biological covariates, biochemical and histological necroinflammatory factors consistently explained LSM. Factors included serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/upper limit of normal (ULN) categories (model R2 = 0.661, adjusted R2 = 0.629), ActiTest A scores (R2 = 0.662, adjusted R2 = 0.636), and METAVIR activity (A) grades (R2 = 0.651, adjusted R2 = 0.620). METAVIR F stages, body mass index, and platelet count were also independently associated with LSM. Necroinflammatory degrees, including ALT/ULN, ActiTest A scores, and METAVIR A grades, explained the false positivity of liver fibrosis staging using ARFI LSM. Conclusions The degree of hepatic necroinflammatory activity independently and significantly exaggerated liver fibrosis evaluation using ARFI LSM. However, comparisons with concurrent FibroTest indicate that ARFI LSM may be a promising alternative, or adjunctive single indicator, for liver fibrosis evaluation in patients with CHC.

The increasingly high penetration rate of mobile phones indicates that mobile commerce has become the hottest issue around the world. However, in Taiwan, the adoption rate of mobile commerce still is low. Very few previous studies have explored how to influence mobile phone users to adopt mobile commerce. The purpose of this study is to identify key success factors for mobile commerce in Taiwan. In this study, we surveyed a sample of 449 users who had used mobile commerce. Through factor analysis, we identified six key factors: externality, accessibility, reliability, entertainment, reciprocity, and mobility. In addition, we used cluster analysis to explore the different types of concerns of customers. Apart from our findings, further conclusions and implications are also provided.

DNA repair is one of the major causes of spontaneous drug and radiation resistance in patients with lung adenocarcinomas (LADC). 53BP1 is a mediator that relays signals from DNA damage sensors and activates various effectors for the DNA repair and cell survival. In this study we investigated the clinical and biological significance of 53BP1. Expression of 53BP1 was detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that 53BP1 was detected in 166 (75.8%) of 219 LADC patients. Expression of 53BP1 correlated with tumor stage, cigarette smoking, lymphovascular invasion and poor clinical outcome. In vitro, increased 53BP1 expression elevated drug resistance, and silencing of 53BP1 expression reduced cisplatin resistance. Our results suggest that 53BP1 expression plays an important role in cisplatin resistance and predicts the prognosis for LADC.

Background GI stromal tumors (GISTs), with their potential for malignant transformation, are usually treated by surgical intervention. Endoscopic treatment remains controversial. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes associated with use of endoscopic ligation and resection for diagnosis and treatment of small EUS-suspected gastric GISTs. Design Prospective case series. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Eight patients with submucosal gastric tumors Interventions Endoscopic ligation and resection. Main Outcome Measurements Clinical/technical feasibility, success, and adverse events. Results Seven patients with small EUS-suspected gastric GISTs were successfully treated by endoscopic ligation, with sloughing of residual tissue within 1 month. All were diagnosed pathologically with GISTs of low malignant potential. One additional patient required a second ligation to remove residual tumor, also diagnosed as a GIST with low malignant potential. No perforation, massive hemorrhage, or other complication requiring endoscopic or surgical intervention occurred. Limitations Small number of patients (n = 8) and limited follow-up; risk of microscopically positive margins, which limits application to lesions strongly suspected to be benign. Conclusions Endoscopic ligation and resection shows promise as a safe and feasible technique to treat small EUS-suspected gastric GISTs. Controlled clinical trials with more subjects and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the value and limitations of this method.

Many companies have launched their products or services online as a new business focus, but only a few of them have survived the competition and made profits. The most important key to an online business's success is to create "brand value" for the customers. Although the concept of online brand has been discussed in previous studies, there is no empirical study on the measurement of online branding. As Web 2.0 emerges to be critical to online branding, the purpose of this study was to measure Taiwan's major Web sites with a number of personality traits to build a perceptual map for online brands. A pretest identified 10 most representative online brand perceptions. The results of the correspondence analysis showed five groups in the perceptual map. This study provided a practical view of the associations and similarities among online brands for potential alliance or branding strategies. The findings also suggested that brand perceptions can be used with identified consumer needs and behaviors to better position online services. The brand perception map in the study also contributed to a better understanding of the online brands in Taiwan.

Objective: We report a rare case of synchronous cancer consisting of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma and endocervical mucinous adenocarcinoma. Related literature was reviewed and it appeared that no similar case had been reported previously. Case Report: A 30-year-old (gravida 1, para 1, abortus 0) woman complained of abdominal fullness, chest tightness and dyspnea on exertion of several days' duration. Gynecologic sonography showed a right complex adnexal cyst, 16 × 14 cm in size. Computed tomography showed an 18 × 16 cm right pelvic tumor, with both cystic and solid components, ascites and bilateral massive pleural effusion. Cytology of the pleural effusion showed no malignant cells. The patient underwent staging surgery. Histology showed moderately to poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the right ovary with extensive lymphovascular permeation, as well as paraaortic and bilateral pelvic lymph node metastases. Extensive tumor thrombi were observed in the lymphovascular channels of the left ovary, bilateral tubes and uterus. Endocervical adenocarcinoma, < 3 mm in depth, was also identified on the cervix. The final surgical-pathologic stage of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma was stage IIIc and of endocervical mucinous adenocarcinoma was stage IA1. Adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel was prescribed postoperatively, but the malignancy was not controlled due to lung, brain and vulva metastases. The patient died of respiratory failure. Conclusion: The coexistence of primary neoplasms in the ovary and cervix is rare. Diagnosis should be based on histologic examination and requires appropriate treatment for both tumors.

Esophageal actinomycosis is uncommon and has been reported in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. A 41-y-old man with a history of heavy alcohol use presented with progressively worsening odynophagia and dysphagia over a 2-wk period. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal biopsy revealed ulceration with Actinomyces and candidal infection. After therapy with intravenous penicillin G followed by oral amoxicillin that led to clinical improvement, repeat upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed healing of esophageal ulceration and no evidence of Actinomyces. From this case and a review of the literature regarding clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, it is clear that esophageal actinomycosis is a cause of odynophagia and dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and pathologic examination should be carefully evaluated in patients who present with odynophagia and dysphagia.

PURPOSE: High-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas of the stomach are generally believed to be Helicobacter pylori–independent, autonomously growing tumors. However, anecdotal cases of regression of high-grade lymphomas after the cure of H pylori infection had been described. The present prospective study was conducted to evaluate the effect of anti–H pylori therapy in stage IE high-grade gastric MALT lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with H pylori infection and stage IE gastric high-grade MALT lymphoma consented to a brief antibiotic therapy as first-line treatment from June 1995 through April 2000. Then, patients underwent intensive endoscopic follow-up examinations (± endoscopic ultrasonography) with biopsy to evaluate tumor response. Patients with significant improvement of gross lesions that accompanied regression of large cells were followed up without additional treatment. Patients without significant improvement were immediately referred to systemic chemotherapy. RESULTS: Eradication of H pylori was achieved in 15 patients and was accompanied by rapid gross tumor regression and disappearance of large cells in 10. All 10 of these patients with early response had subsequent complete histologic remission of lymphoma. The complete remission rate was 62.5% (95% confidence interval, 35.8% to 89.1%). The response rate was not affected by the tumor grading (proportion of large blast cells within the tumor) but was adversely affected by the depth of tumor invasion. At a median follow-up of 43.5 months (range, 21.1 to 67.4 months), all 10 of these patients remained lymphoma-free. The median duration of complete response was 31.2 months (range, 14.4 to 49.1 months). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high-grade transformation is not necessarily associated with the loss of H pyloridependence in early-stage MALT lymphomas of the stomach.