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In sixth-generation (6G) communication networks, ultrahigh-data rate and reliability are greatly vital for massive user connections and network sensors, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been evolved as an efficient strategy to enhance the reliability of wireless communication systems through prolonging the battery lifetime by harvesting energy from the received radio-frequency (RF) signals. Furthermore, cooperative relay sensors in IoT networks can extend the network coverage. In this article, we consider a massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relaying system, where the relay node splits the received RF signals into two power streams, one for information decoding (ID) and the other for energy harvesting (EH). Two classical and linear relay precodings, i.e., zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission (ZFR/ZFT) and maximum-ratio combining/maximum-ratio transmission (MRC/MRT), are adopted to satisfy the requirements of high rate in this relay system. Different from prior work, the SWIPT technique and large-scale fading effects of MIMO channels are taken into account for deriving the asymptotic sum-rates of four prevalent power scaling cases when the number of relay antennas grows to infinity. Finally, the analytical results are evaluated by the presented simulation and numerical results.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. After stage 3, there will be increased risks of hypertension, heart failure, bone disease, anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and progression to end-stage kidney failure without proper intervention and treatment. Compound α-ketoacid tablets (KA) administration plays an important role in clinical CKD adjunctive therapy for patients with restricted protein intake. Bailing Capsule (BC), a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for renal diseases, could regulate human immune function, repair renal tubular epithelial cells, prevent renal tubular atrophy, and reduce kidney damage to improve renal function. In this study, we try to conduct a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial to observe the efficacy and safety of BC combined with KA in treating patients with stage 3 CKD. Methods This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Patients will be randomly divided into treatment group (BC and KT) and control group (BC-simulation and KT) in a 1:1 ratio according to random number table. The treatment course will be 8 weeks, and the changes of subjective symptoms, patient global assessment (PGA) scale, serum creatinine, cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, all related adverse events, vital sign measurements, and physical examinations will be recorded. SPSS 21.0 will be used for data analysis. Conclusions The results will show whether BC combined with KA could alleviate the symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, halitosis, nausea, itching, and edema, improve kidney function in patients with CKD at stage 3. Trial registration OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/24AJ7.

In view of experimental literature of empowering leadership, current work proposes reevaluating the adequacy regarding empowering leadership from multiple lookouts. Right off the bat, the paper begins with the detail depiction of empowerment as indicated by the perspectives on various authors along with the process of empowerment together with five stages model and furthermore examines the numerous successful ideas of empowering leadership from different points of view based on legitimate and experiential looks into. According to the literature survey it recaps the constructs as well as dimensional parameters of empowering leadership. From that point onward, based on exact investigates; it breaks down the two principle viewpoints of empowering leadership alongside the discrepancies of empowering leadership from interrelated leadership constructs. It is also exploration about the feasibility of empowering leadership at individual and gathering level. Finally, in the end it brings up the confinements of momentum research and a few perspectives regarding upcoming study.

The assembly feature information contained in the CAD model of the product is an important basis for the generation of intelligent assembly sequence. Taking the assembly model of the product as the research object, the research on the acquisition of assembly feature information of the product by intelligent assembly sequence planning is proposed in this paper. Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and SolidWorks API are used as implementation means to access the internal data of the product CAD model and realize the extraction of the hierarchical information, mating relation and mating line and surface assembly features of the assembly model. An application example of product assembly feature information extraction for the locking device of an elevator landing door shows that the established method of acquiring product assembly feature information is effective and provides a theoretical and technical basis for the establishment of product design and assembly sequence planning knowledge base.

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has drawn great amount of attention from the researchers recently. It is worth investigating to maximize the spectral efficiency (SE) by jointly optimizing the beamforming at the access point (AP) and the phase shifts of the IRS. Although the traditional iterative algorithm can achieve high SE, it is not suitable for practical implementation due to its high computational complexity. Unsupervised learning could reduce the computational complexity, but as the number of IRS elements increases, the performance of SE becomes unsatisfactory. In this paper, we investigated a new deep learning method to maximize the SE in IRS assisted multiple-input single-output (MISO) communication system. Simulation results show that the performance of SE is better than that of the unsupervised learning method.

From the paper, we propose a method of relay selection for underwater acoustic cooperative communication which adopted network coding. On the basis of choosing the relay node, we also designed a power distribution measure. The relay selection scheme takes transmission delay and channel gain as the selection indicators, and the high-performance relay transmission nodes are selected through the standardized joint evaluation of the two indicators. When we select the most suitable transmission node for sending the information, this paper uses the proposed underwater acoustic network and introduces network coding technology to design a power distribution method. Since the node that transmits and forwards information processes more messages than the node which sends information, the relay node needs more power to ensure correct transmission. After calculation and simulation verification, this paper finds the power allocation ratio to ensure information transmission. In addition, through simulation verification, the communication performance of the optimized power allocation proposed is better than the traditional power parity solution when the symbol error rate is same.

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is a common female cancer according to global cancer statistics. The current study was used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circ_0000069 in CC. Methods The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess circ_0000069, miR-4429, and zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 2 (ZIC2) expression in CC tissues and cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed in CC patients to analyze the relationship between survival time and circ_0000069 expression. The proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle of CC cells were detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. In addition, western blot assay was employed to show expression levels of apoptosis/cell cycle-related proteins, as well as ZIC2. The migration and invasion of CC cells were assessed by transwell analysis. Possible target miRNAs of circ_0000069, along with the interaction between ZIC2 and miR-4429 were confirmed by pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Eventually, the functional role of circ_0000069 in vivo was clarified with the xenograft experiment in nude mice. Results Circ_0000069 was overexpressed in CC tissues and cells than controls. Furthermore, the silencing of circ_0000069 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion while included apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of CC cells, which was overturned by downregulation of miR-4429. Importantly, ZIC2 was a direct target of miR-4429 in CC cells, and we further confirmed that overexpression of miR-4429 suppressed CC progress by decreasing ZIC2 expression in CC cells. Surely, silencing of circ_0000069 inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusion Our current results suggested that circ_0000069 exerted its tumorigenic roles by regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of CC cells, supporting that circ_0000069/miR-4429/ZIC2 axis may provide potential prognostic biomarkers for CC.

In this paper, an sensitive-enhanced dual microfiber knot resonators (DMKRs) sensor based on Vernier effect for simultaneous sensing of Refractive index (RI) and temperature has been proposed and demonstrated. Because the spectral characteristics of the two resonators satisfy the production conditions of Vernier effect, the enhanced RI sensitivity of − 12523 nm/ RIU can be obtained by demodulating the Vernier envelope, which is 40 times of that for single microfiber knot resonator (MKR) sensor. However, the crosstalk of saline water temperature is also amplified to 0.91998 nm/℃. Based on the different response sensitivities of Vernier dip, high frequency dip and the sensitivity matrices, we realized the simultaneous detection of RI and temperature. This sensor demonstrated here show the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost and provides an excellent detection option for high sensitivity and small size in RI detection.

To improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of physical-layer network coding (PNC) in asymmetric two-way relay channels (TWRC), in this paper, we study a new PNC scheme named bi-quadrature physical-layer network coding (BQ-PNC) for Rayleigh flat fading TWRC. In BQ-PNC scheme, the two users employ quadrature carriers and the relay node use quadrature combining rather than XOR which is very common in other PNC schemes. We give the BER analysis of BQ-PNC and simulate the performance. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly enhanced the BER performance, either in symmetric or asymmetric cases. Especially for uplink asymmetric TWRC, BQ-PNC can provide more than 4 dB gain compared with PNC scheme.

This paper investigates the transmission spectral characteristics of microfiber MZ interferometer with a knot resonator (MZIKR). The MZIKR exhibits a combined effect of resonance and interference in its transmission spectra. By adjusting the coupling coefficients to convert the relative strength of resonance and interference, the transmission spectra show various shapes, mainly reflected in the direction of fringes. The obtained upward fringe exhibits an extinction ratio of 17 dB and a FWHM of 0.3 nm. The tunable transmission spectrum demonstrated here may have great potential for narrow-band filtering, and the coexisting resonance and interference effect also allows the MZIKR to perform dual-parameters sensing.

Debris flows, which contain many coarse particles, usually have significant destructive power and, therefore, controlling the coarse fraction is an important approach to reducing destruction. A new herringbone structure has been designed to separate coarse sediment from water in debris flows. The effectiveness of this structure is influenced by the design dimensions which include: the height of draining dyke, the size of overflow gate in the draining dyke, the length of herringbone water-sediment separation grid, the width of the grid, the gradient of the grid, the intersection angle between ribbed beams and ridge beam, and the height and longitudinal gradient of outflow channel. Using theoretical analysis and model experiments, a design method for the determination of these dimensional parameters is presented. Based on this method, the structural design procedure that may be used directly in engineering design has been developed.

Dual-points temperature measurement in seawater is demonstrated based on a seawater temperature sensor assembled by the highly-birefringent elliptical-core fiber (HBECF). The theoretical and experimental transmission spectra of the sensor are studied respectively, which shows good agreement with each other. And a matrix equation is established by analyzing the experiment results, by which the temperature changes can be obtained by measuring the wavelength shifts of spectra. The minimum temperature change that can be detected is 0.016 °C and the measurement error is about 0.1%. The advantages of simple structure, high accuracy, high sensitivity, fast response and anti-electromagnetic interference make the sensor meet the demands of seawater temperature measurement.

Development of luminescence probes with polarized and narrow emissions simultaneously is helpful for removing multiply scattered light and enables multiplexing detection, but it remains challenging to use conventional organic dyes, fluorescence proteins, and quantum dots. Here, we demonstrated smart one-dimensional microlaser probes (MLPs) by coating a thin layer of silica shell on the surface of organic nanowires (ONWs) of 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-di[4′-(methylthio)styryl]benzene (TDSB), namely, ONW@SiO2 core–shell structures. Different from the Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity formed between two end-faces of semiconductor nanowires, whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are built within the rectangular cross section of ONW@SiO2 MLPs. This enables a lasing threshold as low as 1.54 μJ/cm2, above which lasing emissions are obtained with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) 83%. Meanwhile, small dimensions of ONW@SiO2 MLPs with a side-length of ca. 500 nm and a length of 3...

Network coding (NC) can greatly improve a system’s performance on throughput and channel utilization via corresponding signal processing on the relay side. Implementation of NC in relay-assisted device-to-device (RA-D2D) communications is a promising way to further explore the advantages of RA-D2D communications in cellular systems. This paper proposes a signal processing scheme for RA-D2D which jointly takes into account NC and optimal relay selection. First, the optimal relay user equipment (UE) is selected by jointly considering the end-to-end data rate, end-to-end transmission delay, and relay survival time. Then, in the procedure of signal processing, the transmitted useful signal is combined with interference signal for NC operation, and finally, the original useful signal is recovered at the destination node. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to not only eliminate the interference effectively but also has a superior performance on end-to-end transmission delay, reachability, and amount of transmitted information than that without NC. In particular, signal processing via NC is equivalent to encrypting the signal, which further enhances the information security in D2D communications.

It is significant to develop new methods for temperature and salinity measurement in seawater since they are two important parameters in physical oceanography application. In this paper, a new approach for simultaneous measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater based on microfiber Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer with a knot resonator is proposed. The typical transmission spectra show the combined effect of MZ interference and knot resonance. When the temperature and salinity change, both the interference dip and the resonance dip shift linearly. Based on the linear relation, the measurement matrix is established, and the temperature and salinity of seawater sample can be obtained simultaneously by collecting the transmission spectra. The hybrid structure demonstrated here shows advantages of high sensitivity and good accuracy, which may have great potential for temperature and salinity measurement in ocean and other liquid surroundings.

A simple, high-sensitivity, and low-cost optical sensor for the measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater is demonstrated based on a microfiber directional coupler. The shifts of sensing dips are highly sensitive to the change of salinity and temperature in seawater with highest sensitivities at 930 pm/‰ and $-$ 160 pm/ $^{\circ}$ C for coupler assembled by 3.79- and 2.20- $\mu\text{m}$ - diameter fibers. The temperature sensitivity can be further improved to $-$ 1130 pm/ $^{\circ}$ C for smaller fibers with diameters of 3.50 and 1.35 $\mu\text{m}$ . To keep the stable structure in liquid, a methodology of coating using ethyl cellulose ethoce film is proposed. By ethyl cellulose ethoce solvent coating on the coupling area, the coupler can be operated stably in seawater. The sensor demonstrated here is easy to construct, is low cost, is high sensitivity, and is compatible with the optical fiber system, which may find applications in developing miniature and multifunction optical sensors used in seawater and other liquid surroundings.

A new method for seawater temperature sensing based on a high-birefringence elliptic fiber (HBEF) Sagnac loop is proposed in this letter due to the linear relationship between the change of temperature and the shift of interference peak. The transmission spectra of HBEF Sagnac loop at different seawater temperatures are studied theoretically and experimentally, which show good agreement with each other. The results show that sensing sensitivity increases with the increasing HBEF length and the decreasing wavelength, which is just opposite to the dependence of free spectrum range on the fiber length and the probing wavelength. Thus, there may exist an optimal fiber length and probing wavelength for the highest sensitivity and the largest detection range. By optimizing the parameters of probing system, the sensitivity of −472 pm/°C is obtained for temperature sensing, and the detection range from 10 °C to 30 °C is kept with the wavelength of 1310 nm (communication window) and the fiber length of 98.9 cm. Seawater temperature sensors demonstrated here show the advantages of small size, low cost, easy fabrication, high sensitivity, and easy integration with fiber systems.

A new water–sediment separation structure with a herringbone separation grid has been developed for debris flow defense. Previous model experiments showed that, compared to existing structures, this structure can continuously maintain its water–sediment separation function. However, in the structure design, the length of the separation grid is key to its success in separating water and sediment. This paper presents a theoretical formula for calculating the design length of the grid. The theoretical formula shows that the grid length relates to the debris flow velocity v x, the grid width B, and the grid incline angle θ. A series of model experiments were conducted in the laboratory to test the accuracy of the formula. The results show that the experimental value and the theoretical value for grid length form a linear relationship and the design length of the grid may be corrected by a coefficient. Further analysis indicates that the correction coefficient changes with the bulk density of debris flow. Finally, a formula for determining the grid design length is derived from the theoretical formula, corrected using a coefficient related to the bulk density of a debris flow.

At present, the collection of environmental information is mostly accomplished by sensors. In order to reduce the redundancy of sensor data collection, reduce the energy consumption of nodes, improve the service life of sensors and reduce the cost of the system, a system that combines compressed sensing reconstruction with sensors is proposed in this paper to collect and reconstruct environmental information. The designed system collects the environment information with a limited number of nodes. Compressed sensing reconstructs all the data of the required area through the optimized OMP algorithm. The final information is displayed by the software based on C# designing. The final result shows that the verification system proposed in this paper can realize the accurate reconstruction of the original environmental information, and it is effective to the collection and processing of complex environmental information.

The microfiber knot-type ring resonator is widely used in sensing, and the resonant mode is an essential concern. In this paper, resonant mode characteristics of microfiber knot-type ring resonator are studied theoretically. Results show that resonant mode split occurs when the deviation angle is large enough under the condition that the input is linearly or elliptically polarized light. Moreover, in the case that the input is partially polarized light, the resonant peak positions of split modes are identical with those in the case of inputting linearly or elliptically polarized light under the same deviation angle. The split mode characteristic is further studied by salinity sensing simulation and experiment. The split modes have the same free spectral range, and their resonant peak shifts have the same response to salinity changing. The experimental split mode characteristic is in good agreement with theoretical simulating, which demonstrates the resonant mode split theory of the microfiber knot-type ring resonator. The analysis on resonant mode presented here may offer useful references for sensing applications.

The traditional mask method and background fitting method can not correct effectively the solar image with uneven illumination. We adopt a correct method based on Retinex for the solar image with uneven illumination. The quality of image is improved by compressing the range of brightness and increasing the contrast by separately processing the effect of illumination and reflectivity to the intensity value. It could reveal the detailed character of the shadow area of the image. By contrasting four evaluate indexes, including the mean intensity, the image entropy, the image contrast and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), this method is proved to be effective in the solar image with uneven illumination.

Compressed sensing (CS) has become a powerful tool to process data that is correlated in underwater sensor networks (USNs). Based on CS, certain signals can be recovered from a relatively small number of random linear projections. Since the battery-driven sensor nodes work in adverse environments, energy-efficient routing well-matched with CS is needed to realize data gathering in USNs. In this paper, a clustering, uneven-layered, and multi-hop routing based on CS (CS-CULM) is proposed. The inter-cluster transmission and fusion are fulfilled by an improved LEACH protocol, then the uneven-layered, multi-hop routing is adopted to forward the packets fused to sink node for data reconstruction. Simulation results show that CS-CULM can achieve better performances in energy saving and data reconstruction.

Ocean internal-wave phenomena occur with the variation in seawater vertical temperature, and most internal-wave detections are dependent on the measurement of seawater vertical temperature. A seawater temperature sensor based on a microfiber knot resonator (MKR) is designed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally in this paper. Especially, the dependences of sensing sensitivity on fiber diameter and probing wavelength are studied. Calculated results show that sensing sensitivity increases with the increasing microfiber diameter with the range of 2.30–3.91 μm and increases with the increasing probing wavelength, which reach good agreement with results obtained by experiments. By choosing the appropriate parameters, the maximum sensitivity measured can reach to be 22.81 pm/°C. The seawater temperature sensor demonstrated here shows advantages of small size, high sensitivity, easy fabrication, and easy integration with fiber systems, which may offer a new optical method to detect temperature of seawater or ocean internal-wave phenomenon and offer valuable reference for assembling micro sensors used for other parameters related to seawater, such as salinity, refractive index, concentration of NO3− and so on.

A seawater temperature sensing method based on polydimethylsiloxane-coated (PDMS-coated) microfiber knot resonator (MKR) is proposed, which has the advantages of high sensitivity and weak salinity dependence. The dependences of the temperature sensitivity on fiber diameter, coating thickness and probing wavelength are theoretically investigated and the range of coating thickness for weak salinity dependence is obtained. By optimizing the parameters of the seawater temperature sensing system, when the probing wavelength is 1550 nm, the fiber diameter is 1 μm, and the coating thickness is 5 μm, the sensitivity can reach to 0.197 nm/°C. Results shown here are beneficial to find the optimal parameters for the temperature sensors with high sensitivity and weak salinity dependence.

This paper proposes a cooperative quadrature physical layer network coding CQPNC scheme for a dual-hop cooperative relay network, which consists of two source nodes, one relay node and one destination node. All nodes in the network have one antenna, and the two source nodes transmit their signals modulated with quadrature carriers. In this paper, a cooperative quadrature physical layer network coded decode-and-forward DF relay protocol CQPNC-DF is proposed to transmit the composite information from the two source nodes via the relay node to the destination node simultaneously to reduce the number of time slots required for a transmission. The proposed CQPNC-DF relay protocol is compared with time-division multiple-access amplify-and-forward TDMA-AF, TDMA-DF, cooperative network coded DF CNC-DF and cooperative analog network coded AF CANC-AF relay protocols to demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of bit error rate BER and system throughput under different propagation conditions. The simulation results reveal that the proposed CQPNC-DF relay protocol can significantly improve the network performance. Compared with two TDMA schemes and CNC-DF, the proposal can provide up to 100% and 50% throughput gains, respectively. Moreover, no matter what the scene, the proposed scheme always has the lowest BER in the low SNR region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper proposes a new physical-layer network coding PNC scheme, named combined orthogonal PNC COPNC, for fading two-way relay channels. The scheme is based on orthogonal PNC OPNC. In the scheme, the two source nodes employ orthogonal carriers, and the relay node makes an orthogonal combining of the two information bits rather than exclusive or XOR, which is employed in most PNC schemes. The paper also analyzes the bit error rate BER performance of PNC, OPNC, and COPNC for Rayleigh fading model. Simulation results for Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels show that COPNC can provide outstanding BER performance compared with PNC and OPNC, especially when the uplink channel conditions are asymmetric. The results in Nakagami-m channels also imply that COPNC will provide higher BER gain with more severe fading depth. Potential works about COPNC are also presented in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The salinity and temperature of seawater are important parameters in oceanography. Based on the directional coupler assembled by polyimide-coated micro/nanofibers, optical sensors with high sensitivity for simultaneous salinity and temperature sensing in seawater are proposed. Dependences of sensitivities on wavelength, salinity, and temperature are investigated theoretically, with which performances of such sensor under general sea conditions can be evaluated. Results show that salinity and temperature sensitivities can reach levels of nm/‰ and nm/°C, which are much higher than those of fiber Bragg gratings, knot resonators, and photonic crystal fibers. Other considerations for system design such as the length of the coupling area, the diameter difference between two fibers, and the thickness of polyimide coatings are also discussed. Sensors proposed here suggest a simple approach to realize high-sensitivity micro/nanofiber optical sensing of salinity and temperature in seawater simultaneously and may find applications in developing miniature sensors used in seawater.

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A seawater temperature sensing and detection method based on microfibre resonator (MR) by intensity-variation scheme is proposed, which has the advantages of high sensitivity and low detection limit. The dependences of sensitivity on probing wavelength, fibre diametre and ring diametre are studied. Results show that probing wavelength influences the sensitivity by the absorption loss predominantly. Larger absorption loss results in lower sensitivity, which is much different with resonant-wavelength-shift scheme. And sensitivity increases with the increasing ring diametre due to the decreasing bending loss and increasing Q-factor. In addition, there may exist an optimal fibre diametre, with which the sensitivity is maximized. By tuning the parameters of system, sensitivity can be tuned from 0.0784NI/oC to 13.79 NI/oC (NI is the abbreviation of normalized intensity). Correspondingly, dynamic range changes from 11.77oC to 0.08oC. Additionally, the dependences of detection limit on wavelength, fibre diametre, and ring diametre are also investigated, which are opposite to that of sensitivity. For different temperatures, the dependences of sensitivity and detection limit at some typical temperatures are studied, which shows that high sensitivity and low detection limit are related to high temperature, and the optimal fibre diametres for high sensitivity and low detection limit are the same at different temperatures. The lowest detection limit is estimated to be 10^ -7 oC level, which is four orders of magnitude smaller than that of the traditional method. Results shown here are beneficial to find the optimal parameters for the temperature sensors, and offer helpful references for assembling micro-photonics device used in seawater sensing and detection.

Point cloud data of complex product with small changes of surface has narrow data range, high spatial relativity and smooth data change. It is not sensitive to feature extraction and shape recognition. Point cloud data enhancement based on layer connected region is proposed. The two-dimensional matrix is calculated to describe point cloud data reflecting the product shape and spacial relationship. Point cloud data is divided into two layers. Local point cloud data is enhanced in the connected region of each layer. The point cloud data enhancement is evaluated by contrast enhancement index and equivalent number of looks. Example shows that point cloud data enhancement based on layer connected region can convert non uniform distribution point cloud data to uniform distribution point cloud data, improving the contrast of the point cloud data.

Point cloud data of complex product with small changes of surface has narrow data range, high spatial relativity and smooth data change. It is not sensitive to feature extraction and shape recognition. Homomorphic filter is introduced into point cloud data enhancement. Point cloud data reflecting the product shape and spacial relationship is divided into the low frequency part and the high frequency part. Spatial location change has little effect on the low frequency part. The high frequency part changes greatly with spatial location characteristics of the object itself. Homomorphic filter is designed to reduce the low frequency part and enhance high-frequency part. Point cloud data enhancement based on homomorphic filter is proposed. Example shows point cloud data enhancement based on homomorphic filter can convert non uniform distribution point cloud data to uniform distribution point cloud data, improving the contrast of point cloud data.

In this paper, we proposed a coherent detecting and mapping scheme for the relay node in two-way relay channels (TWRC) with binary frequency-shift keying (2FSK) modulated physical-layer network coding (PNC). The scheme use two branches to process the superimposed signal, sample and make decision to the difference of the output signal from the two branches, and then, map the decision result to network coded bits. We obtained the decision thresholds according to the maximum posterior probability decision rule, and analysed the decision error probability (DEP) of the relay node, the bit error rate (BER) of the whole system and the throughput performance. The analysis and numerical results show that, with this scheme, the DEP of relay node and the system's BER in PNC are close to traditional and network coding schemes, but the throughput of the proposed scheme is higher than these two schemes.

A new physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme is proposed for asymmetric two-way relay channels (TWRC). In the scheme, the two source node employ orthogonal carriers and the relay node employ orthogonal combining, instead of XOR, which is used in most PNC schemes. Our proposed scheme is named as combined orthogonal physical-layer network coding (COPNC). COPNC can provide better BER performance than PNC and orthogonal PNC (OPNC) when the channel conditions in TWRC are asymmetric.

In order to solve the problem that comprehensive effects of multi-media teaching can’t be evaluated systematically in current research, an all-round evaluation system is constructed to evaluate multi-media teaching systematically and omni-directionally by objective element designing, subjective element selecting, and objective-subjective integrating. After that, the all-round evaluation thought for multi-media teaching is discussed by designing evaluation processes and deriving evaluation weights. According to some qualitative or quantitative methods such as Brain Storming, Nominal Group Technique or Analytic Network Process, subjective and objective weight deriving methods and integrating methods for multi-media teaching all-round evaluation are presented finally. A numerical example proves the all-round evaluation method for multi-media teaching is applicable and feasible.

Under the low-carbon economy circumstance, highly competitive market force companies attempt to gain a competitive advantage and market share through keeping the whole supply chain low-carbon. This paper uses two factors based on the Shapley value method, the low-carbon contribution level and the level of effort, to investigate the programs of benefits distribution for low-carbon supply chain members. Its purpose is to ensure that the low-carbon supply chain members find a balance between the pay and benefits and to promote the reasonable and rapid development of low-carbon supply chains.

Network coding, which works in the network layer, is an effective technology to improve the throughput of two-way relay networks. In this paper, we compare the existing network coding schemes: traditional network coding (NC) scheme, physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme and soft network coding (SNC) scheme, and propose a new physical layer scheme which can be seen as the implementation of network coding in two-way relay networks. Relay nodes combine the received signals from two source nodes before demodulation and channel decoding. The computational complexity and BER performance of the proposed scheme are analyzed compared with the previous schemes. Theoretical analysis show that the proposed scheme can save 50% computational cost of demodulation and channel decoding processes compared with NC scheme, meanwhile increase the power efficiency of the relay nodes in two-way relay networks significantly. Future works with the proposed scheme are also discussed.

Surface feature extraction from point clouds is an important technology of 3D digital geometric signal understanding. The existing surface feature extraction methods have limit of precision while segmenting point clouds from complex surfaces with open contours, branching and blending features. A new practical method is presented for surface feature extraction based on similarity measures of sectional contour. The shape description of arc length and rotation angle is discussed. The similarity of feature is determined according to the normalized cross correlation coefficient of sectional contour feature point clouds. Branch, blend, dissimilarity and precise feature point are distinguished based on the similarity measures of sectional contour feature point. Surface feature is automatically extraction by feature points of point clouds. Experiments show that the proposed surface extraction method can accurately segment the complex surface with open contour, branching and blending feature. Complex surface is segmented into individual surfaces according to similarity measure rules, reflecting the original design intent.

A seawater salinity sensor based on microring resonator with weak temperature dependence is proposed, which is coated by MgF 2 film with positive thermo-optic coefficient. Temperature dependences of the sensor on fiber diameter, probing wavelength and coating thickness are theoretically investigated and ranges of microfiber diameters for weak temperature dependence are obtained. Under the temperature insensitive condition, sensitivity and detection limit of salinity sensing are studied. By optimizing the parameters of the sensing system, salinity sensitivity and detection limit can reach 0.03 nm/‰ and 0.13‰, respectively. The model presented here may be helpful for developing weak temperature dependence sensors for salinity sensing with high sensitivity, low detection limit and miniaturized sizes.