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In the research of the electric vehicle charging safety evaluation model, the key problem is to determine the influencing factors of charging safety scientifically and ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of the model evaluation. This article takes the real-time charging message data of electric vehicles as the research object, analyzes and establishes the membership model of charging safety influencing factors, and proposes a real-time charging risk of electric vehicles based on the improved broad Back Propagation & Analytic Hierarchy Process (BBP-AHP) Evaluation method. Firstly, the characteristic membership degree of electric vehicle charging message data is calculated. Then the improved broad BP neural network based on compression factor is established to train the evaluation results of several experts, and the AHP model is optimized. Finally, the charging safety influencing factor system is constructed by AHP to evaluate the charging safety of real-time message. According to the accuracy comparison of the AHP model and improved broad BP-AHP model, the experimental results show that the improved broad BP-AHP model can more accurately evaluate the safety risk of electric vehicle real-time charging.

As the power system develops from informatization to intelligence. Research on data services based on the Internet of Things (IoT) focuses more on application functions, but the research on the data quality of the IoT itself is insufficient. Long-term continuous operation of the big data IoT system has the risk of performance degradation or even partial fault, which leads to a decrease in the availability of collected data for intelligent analysis. In this article, based on the power IoT message data, the characteristics are established through a variety of improved detection methods, and then the abnormal data type is obtained through $Q$ learning and fusion of the random forest (RF) identification features. Finally, the topology of the specific power user IoT system is combined with kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) + improved RF algorithm getting the abnormal location of the IoT. The results show that the research method has a significantly higher positioning accuracy (from 61% to 97%) than the traditional RF method, and the combination method has more advantages in parameter adjustment and classification accuracy than directly using a multilayer perceptron (MLP).

Background: Old age has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for GBM, but the underlying biological mechanism behind this association is still unclear. We designed this study with the goal of determining a mechanistic explanation for the link between age and pathogenesis in GBM. Methods: In total, we enrolled transcriptome data from 616 primary GBM samples and 41 non-tumor brain samples in this study. Transcriptome data and clinical information were obtained from the CGGA, TCGA, and GSE53890 databases. Gene Set Variation Analysis and Gene Ontology analyses were the primary analytical methods used in this study. All statistical analyses were performed using R. Findings: We found that the expression of RPP30, an independent prognostic factor in GBM, was negatively correlated with age in both tumor and non-tumor brain samples. However, the post-transcriptional modifications carried out by RPP30 were different in primary GBM and non-tumor brain samples. RPP30 affected protein expression of cancer pathways by performing RNA modifications. Further, we found that RPP30 was related to drug metabolism pathways important in GBM. Interpretation: The decreased expression of RPP30 in older patients might be a pathogenic factor for GBM. Funding Statement: This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81672479, 81802994), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/Research Grants Council (RGC) Joint Research Scheme (81761168038), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Mission Plan (SML20180501). Declaration of Interests: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by Beijing Tiantan Hospital institutional review board (IRB). All patients provided written informed consent for the publication of all associated data in this study.

Background Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Several prediction models have been produced to aid in prognosis assessment. Age, a primary decision factor for prognosis, is associated with increased genomic alterations, however the exact link between increased age and poor prognosis is unknown. Objective In this study, we aimed to reveal the underlying cause of poor prognosis in elderly patients. Methods This study included data on 616 primary GBM tumor samples from the CGGA and TCGA databases and 41 nontumor brain tissue samples obtained from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE53890. Hallmarks and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in both tumor and nontumor brain tissues. The association between choice of treatment regimen and age was measured using ANOVA and Student's t test. Results Age was a robust predictor of poor prognosis in glioma. No age‐related hallmarks of cancer were detected, including pathological characteristics or mutations. However, treatment choice was strongly significantly different between old and young patients. Combined chemo‐radiation therapy could benefit old and young GBM patients, however, old patients are currently less likely to choose it. Conclusion The vast divergence in prognosis between young and old GBM patients is largely caused by choice of treatment rather than age‐related tumor genomic characteristics. Postoperative standard radio‐ and chemotherapy provide strong benefits to primary glioblastoma patients of all ages., The main reason of poorer prognosis in elder patients was conservative treatment choosing, while standard radio‐ and chemotherapy should be generalized in all age grade of patients.

Background Inhibitors of immune checkpoints have shown little effect in clinical trials involving glioma patients. Here, we explored novel targets for use in future treatments. Previous studies showed the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family to have a specific role in immunosuppression. We aimed to study the characteristics and immune function of Siglec family members. Methods Transcriptome data from 1024 glioma samples and 1551 glioma single cells were used in our study. Clinical and molecular pathology information was also included. Statistical, bioinformatical methods, and single-cell sequencing analysis were applied to investigate the role of Siglec family members. Results Siglecs-5, -7, -9, and -16 showed a significant correlation with immunosuppression in glioma. They are typically expressed in higher grade, IDH-wildtype, and mesenchymal subtype gliomas. Siglec-5, -7, and -9 had a similar immune function to TIM-3, while Siglec-16 was similar to PD-L1, suppressing tumor immunity via different mechanisms. Joint use of Siglec-inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors could prolong the survival of glioma patients. Conclusion Siglec-5, -7, -9, and -16 suppressed tumor immunity in different ways. Joint usage of inhibitors may be an effective means to improve the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy.

Submarine piggyback pipeline is an important tool for oil and gas transport, especially, in the marginal oil field. When the scour happens in the seabed, the pipeline slides easily, which may cause...

Dispatching the output of distributed power sources is the main task in the microgrid operation phase. This task is more concerned with the optimal dispatch of large electric vehicles connected to the grid-connected microgrid today.Full consider the influence of storage battery and peak-valley electricity price, its objective is to minimize the operating cost of microgrid and the cost of environmental protection, and establishing economic dispatching model of microgrid. To solve this constrained optimization problem, an annealing mutation particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Through simulation and comparison, the dispatching cost results of microgrid are obtained under two dispatching modes of electric vehicle disorder and order. It is concluded that the orderly charging and discharging mode guided by electricity prices can effectively reduce the operating cost and environmental protection cost of microgrid. Improving the economy and reliability of microgrid operation.

In recent tsunami events like those happened in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and 2018 and in Japan in 2011, many ocean and coastal infrastructures have been damaged tremendously, revealing the need of the work to study the hydrodynamic interaction between real-world tsunami waves and offshore structures. Besides, the destructive energy of tsunami wave on the offshore structures should also be assessed. However, to study the impact of tsunami waves on offshore structures, solitary waves are used generally instead of real-world tsunami waves despite the vast differences in hydrodynamic characteristics. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach, this paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of the floating cylinders moored by chains, under the real-world tsunami-like waves (2011 Japan Tohoku tsunami). Comparisons of hydrodynamic characteristics between real-world tsunami-like wave and solitary wave propagating over the moored cylinders are analyzed and discussed, indicating that the flow fields, the tension forces of mooring chains, the impinging forces and the movement trajectories of the cylinder caused by the two types of waves are greatly different from each other. Moreover, the influences of single cylinder diameter and tandem cylinder spacing on the interaction between real-world tsunami-like waves and cylinders are considered through a series of simulation tests, while meaningful conclusions are drawn.

Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility (the so-called Back-n white neutron source), which was completed in March 2018. The Back-n neutron beam is very intense, at approximately 2*10^7 n/cm^2/s at 55 m from the target, and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the slices. In addition, the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV, and a good time resolution related to the time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements; its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the world. Equipped with advanced spectrometers, detectors, and application utilities, the Back-n facility can serve wide applications, with a focus on neutron-induced cross-section measurements. This article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics, the experimental setups, and the ongoing applications at Back-n., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

The aim of this study was the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) from continuous ECG analysis. In this study, an end-to-end deep learning scheme was proposed. When the scheme was applied, 30-second multi-lead ECG data segments with an overlapping window of 5 seconds were preprocessed and sequentially fed into a multi-layer residual convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract ECG's multi-scale local morphological (spatial) features, The generated local spatial features were then processed by the following two bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) layers, and the output sequences of the LSTM layers were then weighted by an attention module and processed by a following dense network to complete AF detection. Finally, the sequential detection results were further processed to improve accuracy. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed scheme was trained and tested on multiple ECG databases annotated by cardiologists. Episode and duration accuracies were calculated according to the performance evaluation method of atrial fibrillation detection defined in the EC57 standard [1]. An episode F1 score of 85.7% and a duration F1 score of 95.5% were achieved on the independent testing dataset.

Objective. Evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency correlated with metabolic disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation alone on glucose, lipid, and androgen parameters and inflammation biomarkers in women with PCOS. Methods. Literature research was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to March 2020. The effect of vitamin D supplementation alone on women with PCOS was compared with administration of placebo. The systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero) as number CRD42020157444. Results. Thirteen randomized controlled trials with 824 patients in total were included. Serum FPG, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and VLDL-C were significantly decreased in the vitamin D group versus placebo. Vitamin D supplementation group also showed a significantly elevated level of QUICKI. No significant impact was seen on serum triglyceride, total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, total testosterone, DHEAS, SHBG, or hs-CRP. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that oral vitamin D intake had significantly decreased serum triglyceride and total-C level in women with PCOS who have vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D

With the development of the national economy and the change of policies, the development of the electric power industry continues to expand. The New Electricity Reform proposes that electricity price is the core of electricity reform, and the power generation side is the main member of the market. Its quotation strategy affects the listing price in the electricity market. Therefore, this paper summarizes the electricity market trading models and bidding strategies on the power generation side, and discusses the bidding strategy based on electricity price prediction. As the core of electricity price forecasting, load forecasting is studied and discussed in detail in this paper. Finally, the future trend of bidding strategy in electricity market is forecasted.

Two-line hybrid rice breeding, which plays an important role in ensuring food security in China, is one of important approaches to utilize the heterosis in rice. Breeding of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines of two-line hybrid rice with high resistance to diseases and pests is vital for enhancing rice yield stability, reducing environmental pollution, and increasing rice production efficiency. To breed PTGMS rice with resistance to both rice blast and brown planthopper (BPH), four broad-spectrum blast resistance genes Pi9, Pi47, Pi48, and Pi49 and two BPH resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15 were introgressed into a PTGMS line C815S through backcrossing and gene pyramiding coupled with molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in this study. Finally, several improved PTGMS lines of C815S which pyramided 1–3 homozygous rice blast resistance genes and two BPH resistance genes were developed. Evaluation of rice blast resistance showed that the improved PTGMS lines were resistant, while C815S was susceptible or only moderately resistant. Assessment of the BPH resistance showed that C815S was highly susceptible, while the improved lines were resistant. The improved lines had similar major agronomic traits and temperature of fertility transition to C815S, and several traits were even better. The newly developed PTGMS lines can be used for breeding of superior two-line hybrid rice or advanced PTGMS lines.

The high energy density (HED) capacitor is the energy storage component in capacitive pulsed power systems. There is an obvious voltage decay phenomenon, when the capacitor is disconnected from the power supply, and the higher the energy density is, the faster the voltage decays. And the voltage maintaining performance (VMP) of capacitor is of special interests especially in the occasion, which has high requirement of the output energy efficiency. For the HED capacitor made of metallized films, there are three factors affecting the VMP: self-healing, dielectric leakage, and polarization. In order to investigate the effect of above factors on the VMP of HED capacitor, the experiments and analysis of self-healing characteristics, dielectric leakage in stable status, and slow polarization are carried out. For a 4 kV/0.8 MJ/m3 HED capacitor, the self-healing is responsible for 12.68% of the whole voltage decay, and the dielectric leakage contributes for 7.89% with the fact that the insulation resistance is in the range of $6.06 \times 10^{2}$ – $6.31 \times 10^{2}\,\,\text{M}\Omega$ . Thus, the voltage decay is mainly caused by the slow polarization. Then a VMP simulation without considering self-healing process is established, and different working parameters such as charging time and holding time are studied by using the VMP simulation. When the charging time is 40, 13.3, and 1.3 s, the voltage decay in 60 s is 3.06%, 3.57%, and 3.85%, respectively, and when the holding time is 0, 10, 100, and 1000 s, the percentage of 60 s voltage decay is 3.06%, 2.71%, 1.23%, and 0.70%, respectively. The results based on the space charge reveal the facts that shorter charging time and holding time would result in faster voltage decay. With the consideration of the energy output efficiency and insulation voltage withstand capability, the charging time and holding time would be compromise values.

As the light output function of the EJ309 liquid scintillator is nonlinear with respect to the energy of the recoil proton and it is difficult to be predicted, it need to be measured. In the present work, an EJ309 liquid scintillator, 5.1 cm in diameter and 5.1 cm in length, is calibrated with an AmBe neutron source using the time-of-flight method. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to improve the accuracy of the measured light output function. The obtained light output function is presented and it is compared with existing measurements. The energy resolution of the EJ309 Liquid scintillator is also illustrated.

Calibration of the relationship between the scattering angle and the CCD pixel is a key part of achieving accurate measurements of rainbow refractometry. A novel self-calibrated global rainbow refractometry system based on illumination by two lasers of different wavelengths is proposed. The angular calibration and refractive index measurement of two wavelengths can be completed simultaneously without extra measurement devices. The numerical and experimental results show the feasibility and high precision of the self-calibration method, which enables the rainbow refractometry to be implemented in a more powerful and convenient way. The self-calibrated rainbow system is successfully applied to measure the refractive indices of ethanol-water solutions with volume concentrations of 10% to 60%.

The neutron capture cross sections are very important in the field of nuclear device design and basic physics research. Hydrogen-free liquid scintillator such as C6D6 detectors are widely used in the neutron capture cross-sectional measurements for the low neutron sensitivity and fast time response. The Back-n white neutron source at China Spallation Neutron Source is the first spallation white neutron source in China, and it is suitable for neutron capture cross-sectional measurement. A C6D6 detector system was built in the Back-n experimental station. The pulse height weighting technique was used to determine the system’s detection efficiency. The response to gamma rays of the C6D6 detector was measured, and the energy resolution function was determined. Monte Carlo simulation with Geant4 code was carried out to get the weighting function of this C6D6 detector system. Additionally, the systematic uncertainty of the weighting function was also determined. According to the experimental and simulation results, this C6D6 detector system can be used to measure neutron capture cross section.

The Back-n white neutron beam line, which uses back-streaming white neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source, is used for nuclear data measurements. A Micromegas-based neutron detector with two variants was specially developed to measure the beam spot distribution for this beam line. In this article, the design, fabrication, and characterization of the detector are described. The results of the detector performance tests are presented, which include the relative electron transparency, the gain and the gain uniformity, and the neutron beam profile reconstruction capability. The result of the first measurement of the Back-n neutron beam spot distribution is also presented., Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant cancer in the central nervous system, and radiotherapy is wildly applied in GBM treatment. However, the sensitivity of radiotherapy varies in different patients. In order to solve this clinical dilemma, a radiosensitivity prediction signature was constructed based on genomic methylation. Methods: In this study, a total of 1044 primary GBM samples with clinical and methylation microarray data were involved. LASSO-COX, GSVA, Kaplan-Meier survive curve and COX regression were performed in construction and verification of predictive models. R language was used as the main tool for statistical analysis and graphical work. Findings: Through the integration analysis of methylation and survival data in primary GBM, a novel prognostic and radio-sensitivity prediction signature was constructed. Interpretation: This signature was stable in prognosis prediction in TCGA and CGGA databases. The possible mechanism was also explored, this signature was closely related to DNA repair functions. Importantly, this signature could predict whether GBM patients could benefit from radiotherapy. In conclusion, our study built a radiosensitivity prediction signature for GBM patients based on five methylated probes with great potential for clinical application. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81672479). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by Beijing Tiantan Hospital institutional review board (IRB).

As aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a novel stem cell marker, increasing studies have confirmed that high ALDH activity promotes tumorigenesis and progression in cancers. Some preliminary studies have found that ALDH1A3 may play an important role in glioma malignant progression, but so far there was no conclusive conclusion. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which ALDH1A3 regulated in glioma and to provide practical tools for clinical application. Aldefluor, flow cytometry sorting and qRT-PCR were performed to verify the role of ALDH1A3 in ALDH activity maintenance. Transwell, immunofluorescence, glycolytic assays, and orthotopic xenograft models were used to explore ALDH1A3 bio-functions in GBM. LASSO-COX, COX survival analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to establish the prognostic evaluation system and predict postoperative chemotherapy sensitivity of GBMs. Our integrated study found that (1) ALDH1A3 associates with mesenchymal differentiation of GBM in Eastern and Western world patients. (2) ALDH1A3 plays a critical role in ALDH activity maintenance. (3) ALDH1A3 is an activator of mesenchymal transformation in GBM. (4) ALDH1A3-derived PMT markers’ molecular signature can predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of GBMs precisely. In conclusion, ALDH1A3 was a major contributor to ALDH activity and a key driver in triggering mesenchymal transformation in GBM. ALDH1A3-based molecular classification scheme can help to improve guidance for prognosis forecasting and individualized treatment decision making for GBM patients.

The Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) was put into operation in 2018, providing a good platform for the cross-section measurement of neutron induced light charged particle ( l c p ) emission ( n , l c p ) reactions. Currently, in order to detect and identify light charged particles produced in ( n , l c p ) reactions at Back-n, a silicon detector array has been developed as a part of Light-charged Particle Detector Array. Composed of 15 silicon detectors, the array can detect the emitted particles ranging from 19.2°to 160.8°. The energy resolution of each silicon detector unit is better than 1% for 5.499 MeV α particles. Adopting this silicon detector array, several experimental measurements have been completed. Differential cross sections and angle-integrated cross sections in the neutron energy region ranging from the eV to the MeV range are extracted. Compared with previous measurements and evaluations, new results are obtained in the present measurements. These experiments indicate the feasibility of the silicon detector array in ( n , l c p ) reaction cross-section measurements.

Oxidative potential (OP) is a promising and integrative metric for assessing health effects associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter. Source apportionment of water-soluble OP in aerosols is the basis for formulating pollution control policies. In this study, we collected total suspended particulate (TSP) samples in Bangkok, on the Indochinese Peninsula, where pollution levels are high due to annual biomass burning. We analyzed the chemical composition of the samples and performed dithiothreitol (DTT) assays to measure their OP. We observed higher TSP mass and chemical species concentrations among samples collected in the dry seasons due to biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion. The seasonally averaged volume-normalized OP (OPv) was highest in the dry I season (January to March), which was consistent with higher TSP concentrations during this period. The mass-normalized OP (OPm) decreased as TSP concentration increased due to the unaccounted fractions dominating the increase in TSP and/or the inhibiting effects of redox-active metals. Transition metals (e.g., Cu, V, and Ni), hopanes/steranes, and carbonaceous species (organic carbon and elemental carbon) correlated well with OPm. Source apportionment using the Positive Matrix Factorization model (PMF) and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that, although biomass burning accounted for the highest contribution (mean: 26%) to TSP concentration, the dominant source of water-soluble OPv of TSP was fossil fuel combustion, which included land fossil fuel combustion (63%) and ship emissions (16%). This significant contribution of fossil fuel combustion was determined by the transition metals Cu and V which were the main drivers of DTT activity in TSP.

In this paper, the effects of dose and dose rate on the light output of LaBr3:Ce scintillator are studied in detail. The relative light output of the crystal is measured in real time by measuring the photoelectric current of the detector during irradiation at a 137Cs irradiation facility. It is found that the light output of the LaBr3:Ce scintillator continues to decrease with the increase in dose. Permanent radiation damage in LaBr3:Ce is also observed at a cumulative dose of 100kGy.

Due to the strong interaction between the bridges and the extreme waves generated by hurricanes and tsunamis, many coastal bridges were damaged in the past few decades. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of the extreme wave on a bridge, tsunami-like wave generated based on record in the Iwate station during 2011 Japan tsunami event instead of solitary wave is employed to impinge on the bridge with or without air vent. According to the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theory with a Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface tracking approach, a Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) is developed, in which the Immersed Boundary (IB) method is referred to simulate fluid and structure interaction. The model is calibrated with the experiment. In this numerical tank, the effects of tsunami-like waves with different prominent conditions including wave height and submersion depth on the bridges are studied. Besides, the efficiency of air vent in reducing the hydrodynamic load is also discussed. The results indicate that when the tsunami-like wave overtops the bridges, a noticeable overtopping, where the flow injects into the water fiercely and the whole flow field is very chaotic, is observed. The vertical forces on the bridges are larger than the horizontal forces, leading to many decks to collapse between two piers with small lateral displacement after the hurricanes and tsunamis. After the tsunami-like wave passes over the bridge, the oscillation of the residual wave causes the load oscillation of the bridge. The position of the bridge relative to the initial sea level has a serious impact on the forces on the bridge when the tsunami-like wave passes through it. With the increase of the wave height, the interaction intensity between the tsunami-like wave and the bridge is enhanced and the forces on the bridge also increase, but the effect duration reduces. After the air vent is installed, air vent can reduce the forces on the bridge and improve the efficiency of the bridge protection.

Combined photon and neutron radiography can integrate merits of X/gamma-ray radiography and energy-selective neutron radiography and has the potential of simultaneously visualizing objects composed of high-Z materials, low-Z materials and particular isotopes that resonantly absorb neutrons at certain energies. Intense pulsed gamma bursts and wide energy spectrum neutrons at spallation sources provide a unique opportunity to perform such combined radiography research. We present the results of the combined radiography experiments performed at the back-streaming white neutron (back-n) beamline at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). Gamma-ray and energy-selective neutron radiographic images of multi-element samples were taken by an ICCD camera coupled with scintillators using the time of flight (TOF) technique. High-Z (Pb, Au, W, Ta, et al.) components were visualized with the intense gamma-ray bursts. The low-Z ( 10B) component was confirmed with varied image contrast when neutrons with varied energies were selected. The specific elements ( nat In, 197Au and nat W) were identified with neutrons at corresponding resonant energies. The experimental results prove the potential for simultaneously visualizing and identifying high-Z materials, low-Z materials and particular nuclides via combined X-ray radiography and energy-selective neutron radiography.

A white neutron source for nuclear data measurement has been built and put into operation on China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). We developeda beam monitor for real-time online monitoring of neutron flux on the white neutron source. The beam monitor work simultaneously with other nuclear data measurement detectors to provide neutron flux for data analysis. To minimize beam disturbance and reduce the background generated by the monitor, a structure in which neutron conversion layer and Si detectors are separated is employed: A 6LiF film with a mass thickness of 360 μ g/cm 2 was deposited on a 10 μ m aluminum foil and placed inside the beam line. Eight Si-detectors with a size of 20 × 20 mm2 were placed around the film outside the beam to maximize the reception of secondary particles from the conversion layer and to avoid neutron beam irradiation. The simulation of the beam monitor (layout, counting rate, neutron disturbance, etc.), construction and online performance are described in the paper. Good online performance of the monitor was achieved during the CSNS white neutron source flux calibration experiment in March, 2018: The counting rate for the beam line operating at Ф30 mm and Ф60 mm beam pattern modes was normalized to 100 kW proton beam power, and the result is consistent with the simulation. The total uncertainty of the normalized counting rate is less than 1%. Moreover, the measurement of neutron flux in low energy region below 10 keV of the white neutron source by the monitor is discussed.

Back-n is a white neutron experimental facility at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The time structure of the primary proton beam make it fully applicable to use TOF (time-of-flight) method for neutron energy measuring. We implement the electronics of TOF measurement on the general-purpose readout electronics designed for all of the seven detectors in Back-n. The electronics is based on PXIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express eXtensions for Instrumentation) platform, which is composed of FDM (Field Digitizer Modules), TCM (Trigger and Clock Module), and SCM (Signal Conditioning Module). T0 signal synchronous to the CSNS accelerator represents the neutron emission from the target. It is the start of time stamp. The trigger and clock module (TCM) receives, synchronizes and distributes the T0 signal to each FDM based on the PXIe backplane bus. Meantime, detector signals after being conditioned are fed into FDMs for waveform digitizing. First sample point of the signal is the stop of time stamp. According to the start, stop time stamp and the time of signal over threshold, the total TOF can be obtained. FPGA-based (Field Programmable Gate Array) TDC is implemented on TCM to accurately acquire the time interval between the asynchronous T0 signal and the global synchronous clock phase. There is also an FPGA-based TDC on FDM to accurately acquire the time interval between T0 arriving at FDM and the first sample point of the detector signal, the over threshold time of signal is obtained offline. This method for TOF measurement is efficient and not needed for additional modules. Test result shows the accuracy of TOF is sub-nanosecond and can meet the requirement for Back-n at CSNS., 4 pages, 13 figures, 21st IEEE Real Time Conference

With the rapid development of the distributed renewable energy technologies, there is more significant increase in the amount of data generated by the smart grids, and there are a higher delay problem in the task processing, with the traditional centralized control methods, which brings in an adverse effect on the stable operation of the smart grid. Aiming at the problem, this paper proposes a distributed computing scheme that combines edge computing and cloud computing to improve power system data processing capabilities and system response capabilities. Besides, the paper analyzes the finiteness of edge node computing ability. According to the task load balancing theory, a task performance minimization as an objective function is proposed, and a high-performance load balancing strategy for immune chaotic particle swarms algorithm (ICPSO) is proposed based on this distributed computing architecture. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the system architecture and load balancing strategy are verified through the simulation results.

Background: Alternative splicing (AS) is assumed to play important roles in the progression and prognosis of cancer. Currently, the comprehensive analysis and clinical relevance of AS in lower-grade diffuse gliomas has not been systematically addressed. Methods: AS data were obtained from the SpliceSeq database, and the clinical information of glioma patients was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Significance analysis of microarray (SAM) was performed to identify differential AS events among subgroups. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used for class discovery based on the comparison of AS events. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to develop an AS-related signature for prognostic prediction. Results: Totally, 48050 AS events of 10787 genes in lower-grade diffuse gliomas (n=515) were profiled. Subgroup-differential splicing analysis and functional annotation revealed that spliced genes were significantly enriched in numerous cancer-related biological phenotypes and signaling pathways. Consensus clustering of AS events identified three robust clusters of patients with distinguished molecular and prognostic features. Based on 445 AS events correlated with prognosis, an 18-AS event signature was built with Cox proportional hazards model. Kaplan-Meier analysis found that the acquired signature could differentiate the outcome of low and high-risk cases. Moreover, the signature, significantly associated with clinical and molecular features, could serve as an independent prognostic factor for lower-grade diffuse gliomas. Further analysis found that cases with high and low-risk scores showed distinct patterns of genomic alterations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that AS events are able to discriminate molecular subtypes and have prognostic impact in lower-grade diffuse gliomas. Funding Statement: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/Research Grants Council (RGC) Joint Research Scheme (81761168038), the National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC0902500) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672479, 81773208). Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: All of these tissue samples and clinicopathologic information were collected with informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Study protocols were approved by the ethics committees of the participating institutions.

WOS:000407985300052; International audience; Rainbow refractometry can measure refractive index and size of spray droplets simultaneously. Recording parameters of global rainbow imaging system, such as recording distance and scattering angle recording range, play a vital role in in-situ high accuracy measurement. In the paper, a theoretical and experimental investigation on the effect of recording parameters on measurement error of global rainbow technique was carried out for the first time. The relation of the two recording parameters, and the monochromatic aberrations in global rainbow imaging system were analyzed. In the framework of Lorenz-Mie theory and modified Nussenzveig theory with correction coefficients, measurement error curves of refractive index and size of the droplets caused by aberrations for different recording parameters were simulated. The simulated results showed that measurement error increased with RMS radius of diffuse spot; a long recording distance and a large scattering angle recording range both caused a larger diffuse spot; recording parameters were indicated to have a great effect on refractive index measurement error, but have little effect on measurement of droplet size. A sharp rise in spot radius at large recording parameters was mainly due to spherical aberration and coma. To confirm some of the conclusions, an experiment was conducted. The experimental results showed that the refractive index measurement error was as high as 1.3x 10(-3) for a recording distance of 31 cm. In the case, recording parameters are suggested to be set to as small a value as possible under the same optical elements. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The vertical distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil at four sites within an e-waste recycling region of South China was investigated. PBDE concentrations in soil ranged from 1.38 to 765 ng/g. There was a trend of decreasing PBDE concentration with soil depth, especially in the paddy field. However, high concentrations of BDE-209 were found in deeper soils indicating a highly preferential migration. There was a stronger correlation between PBDEs and total organic carbon (TOC), compared to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which suggests that the association between non-dissolved organic carbon (NDOC) and PBDEs is stronger than for DOC. Different land use types, in particular differences in farming activities, significantly influenced the vertical distribution of PBDEs in soils. PBDEs displayed a higher leaching tendency in moist paddy soil than in drier soils. The frequent flooding condition in paddy field may facilitate the vertical transfer of PBDEs to the deeper soils.

WOS:000330571200058; International audience; A new rainbow thermometry system by using slit apertures and a laser light sheet, called a one-dimensional rainbow thermometry (ORT) system, has been developed as an extension of global rainbow thermometry (GRT). This system is capable of one-dimensional or line measurements of the size and refractive index of droplets in the spray space, while the conventional GRT system is normally considered a typical "single-point" or "small volume" measurement method. The performance of this new system was tested and verified with both water and ethanol spray. The results show the feasibility and potential of ORT in simultaneous and one-dimensional measurement of the size and refractive index of liquid droplets, especially in the research field of spray evaporation and combustion. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America