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Aim To assess the influence of gender and age on different parameters of alveolar bone loss using orthopantomogram. Materials and methods Eighty subjects were enrolled in the study (20 dentulous and 60 completely edentulous), fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Completely edentulous subjects were divided into four groups (15 males and 15 females above 60 years) and (15 males and 15 females below 60 years). Dentulous group comprised 20 subjects (10 males and 10 females) between 41 and 75 years. After taking panoramic radiographs, vertical as well as horizontal reference lines were drawn. The parameters used for evaluation included mandibular cortical index (MCI), inferior mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and height of bone at first premolar (Hp) and first molar (Hm) of the mandible. Results There was significant association between MCI and age for females with C2 and C3 categories being more common with advancing age. MCW was stable in all groups, except in females above 60 years of age. PMI and ABL were nonsignificant for age and gender. Although the average values of bone height (Hm and Hp) for males were higher than those of females, the results were statistically insignificant. Conclusion Panoramic radiographic measurements could provide much valuable information and could help in evaluating patients with a low bone mineral density (BMD) with a few limitations. Clinical significance Dental professionals could screen the patients through panoramic radiographs taken during routine clinical examination, which could help in identifying patients with a low BMD so that further treatment could be initiated early and thus to prevent a pathologic fracture.

Extra-nodal Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a well-defined and highly aggressive form of NonHodgkin’s lymphoma with a scarcity of cases reported in literature. The most common primary site of involvement is the nasal cavity followed by skin and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cutaneous involvement is a rarity. More than 95% of cases are usually in association with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection. EBV negative ENKTL can be similar in clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics with EBV positive ENKTL. This malignancy is usually characterized by its poor prognosis irrespective of clinical stage and therapy. We describe here, a 58-year-old man presenting with multiple nodular lesions over legs and trunk, had an ileal perforation later, and was diagnosed as ENKTL on the ileal biopsy specimen. This case is being reported in view of the fulminant clinical course of the disease, simultaneous involvement of the GIT and skin without nasal or midline involvement, the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in arriving at a diagnosis, and EBV negativity which is quite rare in the Asian population.

Introduction: Patients suffering from advanced upper abdominal malignancies have pain as predominant symptom affects their quality of life and survival. USG guided coeliac plexus neurolysis become benevolence in these patients on part of their pain management and quality of life improvement. Objective: To compare the efficacy of USG guided coeliac plexus neurolysis for pain relief in upper abdominal malignancies by using different concentration of alcohol (50% vs 75%). Materials and Methods: This Prospective, comparative, randomised double blinded study was conducted during Sep 2019 – Aug 2020 at our tertiary care centre. Total 60 cases were taken as per following inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. 30 each group, we compare Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, quality of life (QOL) and need of rescue analgesia profile between the groups to know the efficacy of USG guided coeliac plexus block. Observation and Result: In our study, we observed that the baseline mean VAS score in group I was 8.26±0.78 while in group II was 8.03±0.76. No significant difference was found in mean VAS score at this time between the groups (p=0.24). The baseline mean QOL score in group-I was 77.46±3.40 while for the cases of group II the mean QOL score was 77.36±3.33. No significant difference was found in mean QOL score at baseline between the groups (p=0.90). The baseline mean morphine consumption in group-I was 113.33±39.24 mg while for the cases of group-II the mean morphine consumption was 120.33±38.37mg. No significant difference was found in mean morphine consumption at this time between the groups (p=0.48). Both groups having 50% alcohol and 75% alcohol decreases the VAS score from baseline in patients having upper abdominal malignancies along with QOL and dosages of rescue analgesia whereas no significant difference in VAS score in patients of both groups. Keywords: Celiac plexus, Neurolysis, Alcohol, Abdominal malignancy.

Education has a key and decisive role in this scenario of contingencies. The National Education Policy 2020 has therefore been transformed into the framework of this reform, which could help to build a new education system in the country, in addition to strengthening those economic and social indicators. That still needs to be improved. NEP 2020 provides for quality higher education through multidisciplinary universities and autonomous colleges. We have critically examined the policy in this paper and proposed changes to ensure a seamless continuum with its predecessor in addition to its predecessor, boosting its importance. The current paper describes the analysis of the requirements for NEP 2020 provisions and management practices at the university level. Recommendations are made for the design and implementation of NEPs at national and HEIs (Higher Education levels).

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide in females and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. FNAC is a safe, reliable, sensitive, specific, time saving and cost effective procedure useful in the diagnosis of carcinoma breast. It helps the surgeon in planning the treatment, and thereby reducing the delay in treatment. The primary aim of this study is to find out the spectrum of breast lesions on fine needle aspiration cytology based on IAC Yokohama system in a tertiary care hospital of north central Haryana.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of north-central Haryana and included 417 patients of palpable breast lumps presented in the Department of Pathology for FNAC during January 2018 to December 2019. FNAC was done under all aseptic conditions and various cytomorphological patterns were analysed according to the IAC Yokohama system for reporting breast fine needle aspirations.Result: Of the 417 cases included in the study, 328 cases were benign, 04 were atypical probably benign, 04 were suspicious for malignancy, 64 cases were malignant and 17 cases were inadequate for opinion. Fibroadenoma was found to be the most common breast lesion. Overall benign breast lesions are much more common than malignant lesions. Conclusion: FNAC is a useful tool to diagnose malignant lesions of the breast and help the surgeon in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Early diagnosis aid in effective management of malignant lesions of the breast and thereby reducing the mortality in these patients.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a quick, sensitive, safe, reliable and cost-effective outdoor procedure that has a lower risk of complications as compared to a surgical biopsy. This study was conducted to analyse the various cytomorphological patterns establishing the diagnosis on FNAC in peripheral lymphadenopathy patients along with their clinical presentation.Methods: This study included 300 patients of peripheral lymphadenopathy in a tertiary care hospital of north-central Haryana. FNAC was done under all aseptic conditions and various cytomorphological patterns were analysed.Result: On stratification of lymph node lesions, 240/300 cases (80%) were reported as non-neoplastic and 60/300 cases (20%) as neoplastic lesions. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, granulomatous pathology was the commonest lesion encountered in 137/240 cases (57.1%), followed by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and suppurative lymphadenitis. Metastatic involvement of lymph node was the commonest pathological finding diagnosed in 52/60 of malignant neoplastic cases (86.66%). Overall, the cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved in 68.66% patients, followed by other lymph nodes.Conclusion: Lymphadenopathy can have varied etiologies ranging from non-neoplastic to neoplastic conditions. FNAC as a first line investigative procedure in lymphadenopathy patients obviates the need for surgical excision and guides subsequent patient therapy and management. The cervical group of lymph nodes are most commonly involved in both non neoplastic as well as neoplastic lymph node lesions. In younger age group (

Lung transplant is increasingly performed for the treatment of end-stage lung disease. As the number of lung transplants and transplant centers continues to rise, radiologists will more frequently participate in the care of patients undergoing lung transplant, both before and after transplant. Potential donors and recipients undergo chest radiography and CT as part of their pretransplant assessment to evaluate for contraindications to transplant and to aid in surgical planning. After transplant, recipients undergo imaging during the postoperative hospitalization and also in the long-term outpatient setting. Radiologists encounter a wide variety of conditions leading to end-stage lung disease and a myriad of posttransplant complications, some of which are unique to lung transplantation. Familiarity with these pathologic conditions, including their imaging findings and their temporal relationship to the transplant, is crucial to accurate radiologic interpretation. Knowledge of the surgical techniques and expected postoperative appearance prevents confusing normal posttransplant imaging findings with complications. A basic understanding of the indications, contraindications, and surgical considerations of lung transplant aids in imaging interpretation and protocoling and also facilitates communication between radiologists and transplant physicians. Despite medical and surgical advances over the past several decades, lung transplant recipients currently have an average posttransplant life expectancy of only 6.7 years. As members of the transplant team, radiologists can help maximize patient survival and hopefully increase posttransplant life expectancy and quality of life in the coming decades.

Herbal plants have been a significant source of therapeutic agents to cure human diseases. Plants are being in use for treating various kinds of diseases across the world. Terminalia arjuna is a widely used herbal plant since ancient times. The ancient indian practitioners utilized the powdered tree bark of arjuna for the treatment of "hritshool" (angina) and other cardiovascular problems. Terminalia arjuna is regionally called as arjuna which belongs to the combretaceae family. The plant is utilized as a medicine in the various indigenous system like ayurveda, siddha and unani. Arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin, arjunone, arjunolone and luteolin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (opcs), phytosterols are the major phytoconstituents of Terminalia arjuna that possesses many useful biological properties like anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifeedant, cardio protective, etc. Various clinical evidence of Terminalia arjuna and its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The present review is summarizing the phytomedicinal value of Terminalia arjuna in ayurveda and the folk system of medicine.

India is a predominantly agrarian country with most of the agriculture in India being rainfed. Summer monsoon means life-giving rains for the entire Indian subcontinent. In India, the success or failure of the harvest and water scarcity in any year is always considered with the greatest concern. Extreme wet and dry events play a vital role in the intra-seasonal variability of monsoon rainfall. Particularly, in recent times, the occurrences of wet spells over India have led to widespread floods in the country. With changing climatic conditions, the occurrence and prediction of these extreme events have become a major stabilizing factor for the millions inhabiting the country. In this study, using 117 years (1901-2017) of high resolution daily gridded rainfall data, trends in extreme high rainfall events over six regions of India have been examined. The temporal change in extreme rainfall events during the time period 1901-1950 and 1951-2017 in summer monsoon months (June, July, August and September) has also been examined, in order to understand the increasing effect of anthropogenic factors after 1950. Using standardized scores (z-scores), each grid cell is analyzed to identify the number of extreme wet spells experienced during the study period. The analysis reveals that the number of extreme wet events showed an increasing trend in the month of June, as against a decreasing trend in July, after 1950, in most of the regions. In the recent period, the number of wet extreme events also show a decreasing trend in the northeastern region, which is considered as one of the rainiest zones of the world. As the present study tries to evaluate the changing trend of extreme wet events, it will help in formulation of hazard management strategies and policies by government planners.

Acne conglobate is uncommon nodulo-cystic condition that is often resistant to therapy. The objective of this report is to support the role of homoeopathic medicine difficult to treats cases of acne conglobate.

Introduction: Biosimilar medicines have transformed the healthcare landscape by providing improved access to life-saving medicines at a lower cost. Biosimilars are a distinct category of biologic t...

PRCIS Yogic pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing are potential adjunctive therapies for patients with glaucoma; however, they are not substitutes for medicine or eye drops. PURPOSE Currently, medical or surgical lowering of intraocular pressure is the only therapeutic approach for treating primary open-angle glaucoma. Intraocular pressure maintenance is influenced by autonomic activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic). "Yogic pranayama" and "diaphragmatic breathing" are exercises that can affect autonomic activity by stimulating a wakeful hypometabolic state of parasympathetic dominance. We aimed to assess the effect of yogic pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing on intraocular pressure to determine whether it can be recommended for individuals with established glaucoma in combination with glaucoma medication as an adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized trial, 90 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (180 eyes, age: above 40 y) were assigned to either the control or yogic pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing exercise group. In the latter group, yogic pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing were practiced daily for 6 months. We measured the intraocular pressure at presentation and subsequently after 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS Compared with the wait-list group, the yogic pranayama and diaphragmatic breathing exercise group had significantly lowered intraocular pressure (right eye: 20.85±3.39 to 14.90±2.86 mm Hg; left eye: 20.30±4.12 to 14.25±3.85 mm Hg; P

The Indian summer monsoon affects almost all the facets of life in India. Variability in the onset and duration of monsoon has profound impacts on water resources, human life, agriculture, economics and ecosystems. That is why predictions of the monsoon behavior are eagerly watched by government planners and agronomists. However, every monsoon has its own unique characteristics, which makes it more enigmatic and complex. Predicting the likely physical behavior of the monsoon system and the resulting distribution of rainfall over different parts of India is an extremely challenging task. Sometimes, the necessity of producing long-range forecasts has compelled investigators to develop empirical relationships between different facets of the coupled atmosphere-ocean land system. The present study also presents some empirical evidence of relationships between summer monsoon rainfall and sea-surface temperature over the Indian Ocean. Sea surface temperatures exert significant control over the atmosphere, particularly over the monsoon circulation. The study has identified four pockets in the Indian Ocean, which can be used as potential predictor zones for summer monsoon rainfall (June to September) over India. To achieve this objective, correlation analysis with lags in months was carried out to establish association between the sea surface temperature over the four pockets and summer monsoon rainfall. Strong significant association can be found between the SST of these four pockets and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. The study also reveals a phase-change in the relationship between the sea surface temperature and Indian summer monsoon rainfall, particularly in the recent period.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of combined microincision phacoemulsification with sutureless transpupillary silicone oil (SO) removal using an irrigation probe of bimanual irrigation/aspiration. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study, including patients who had undergone phacoemulsification with transpupillary removal of SO, which had been used for intraocular tamponade after a previous pars plana vitrectomy. Outcome measures were corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and endothelial cell count (ECC) evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 3-month follow-up. Any intraoperative or postoperative complications, duration of surgery, and final retinal status at 3 months were also noted. Results: Seventy-four eyes (74 patients) were analyzed. The mean interval between SO placement and cataract surgery was 4.73 months (standard deviation [SD]: 1.02). CDVA improved in 66 (89.2%) eyes and remained the same in 8 (10.8%) eyes (P < 0.001). The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was −0.96D (SD: 0.75) at 3 months (P < 0.001). There was a significant drop in IOP from 15.08 mmHg (SD: 2.67) preoperatively to 11.64 mmHg (SD: 2.02) postoperatively (P < 0.001). The average ECC loss was only 5.7% at 3 months postoperatively. The mean surgical duration was 17.20 min (SD: 7.02). One patient had retinal redetachment and required resurgery. At 3 months, the retina was attached in all patients. Conclusion: Combined microincision phacoemulsification with transpupillary passive SO removal using irrigation probe of bimanual irrigation/aspiration is a safe, effective, and less invasive technique that offers the main advantage of reduced surgical trauma, and should be reserved for patients with a stable retina, not requiring additional surgical intervention.

Antibiotics have been regarded as one of the major discoveries of the 20th century. But the problem that came attached with is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals and communities. The genetic makeup of microbes has benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and means of horizontal gene transmission to give rise to various mechanisms of resistance. Alexander Fleming upon accepting the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine said “It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory by exposing them to concentrations not sufficient to kill them. There is a danger that an ignorant man may easily under dose himself and by exposing his microbes to non lethal quantities of the drug and make them resistant”. This review presents the multifaceted aspects of antibiotic resistance development, history, superbug and superresiatance and resistance data observed over the past years with an overt conclusion showing undeniable methods to overcome the discussed problem, glaringly striking that it is time to act.

Myiasis is the invasion of living animal tissue by fly larvae. Orbital tissue infestation involvement occurs in 5% of all myiasis cases and is potentially destructive. Infection by Chrysomya bezziana is very rare in clinical practice. A 65-year-old woman with history of left eye evisceration presented to the emergency department due to a creeping sensation in the left eye socket and underwent medical and surgical treatment for C. bezziana ophthalmomyiasis. A systematic review was performed to identify ophthalmomyiasis cases caused by C. bezziana published in PubMed and Embase until December 2019. C. bezziana can cause major destruction to both vital and non-vital tissues. It should be treated promptly to prevent extensive damage and life-threatening conditions. This report provides an overview of the epidemiology, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options that could assist clinicians in diagnosis and management of this condition.

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a post infective polyradiculoneuropathy having heterogenous clinical presentation and various subtypes like acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy, acute motor axonal neuropathy, pure sensory variant and Miller Fisher syndrome. A prospective study was carried out in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome admitted to the RNT Medical College & attached Hospital to determine the electrophysiological subtypes and their prognosis in relation to various subtypes, clinical features and treatment. A total of 100 patients was enrolled. In the final analysis there were 74% male and the mean age was 30.4 years. Clinically 97% patients had quadriparesis, 2% had paraparesis and one cases had bibrachial involvement. Cranial nerves and respiratory involvement were seen in 25% and 24% cases respectively. Electrophysiologically the most common type of GBS was AIDP (43%) followed by AMAN (34%) and AMSAN (23%). The prognosis was assessed at one month and found that there was complete recovery in 32% cases and residual weakness in 63% cases. Death occurred in 5% cases because of respiratory involvement

Introduction: Pure tone Audiometry (PTA) is one of the methods to evaluate the burden of hearing loss in any population and various studies have attempted to correlate PTA thresholds with specific conditions. However not many studies correlate the symptoms and signs with the PTA results. Objective: Analyze the data of those who underwent PTA in a secondary care hospital and to correlate their audiometric and clinical profile. Materials and Methods: The data of 1002 patients with their demographic profile, symptoms, signs and PTA results were included. Incomplete data were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done to correlate the symptoms, signs and demographic profile with the type of hearing loss. Results: Gender did not have a statistically significant influence on the type of hearing loss (p> 0.05). Sensory Neural Hearing Loss (SNHL) was the commonest type found. It was commoner in the older age group. Influence of age on the type of hearing loss was statistically significant (p

Objectives To describe the histologic features that are helpful in the diagnosis of the rare bronchiolar adenomas/ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (BAs/CMPTs) during intraoperative consultation. Methods Multi-institutional retrospective review of frozen sections of 18 BAs/CMPTs. Results In 14 of 18 cases, BA/CMPT was the primary reason for sublobar lung resection, and in 4 cases, BA/CMPT was an incidental finding intraoperatively for resections performed for carcinoma in other lobes. There were 11 proximal-type/classic BAs/CMPTs and 7 distal-type/nonclassic BAs/CMPTs. Only 3 (16.7%) of 18 were correctly diagnosed at the time of frozen section, all of which were proximal type/classic. The remainder were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (n = 7); invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (n = 1); non–small cell lung carcinoma (n = 1); cystic mucinous neoplasm, favor adenocarcinoma (either mucinous or colloid type) (n = 1); favor adenocarcinoma, cannot exclude CMPT (n = 1); atypical proliferation (n = 2); mucinous epithelial proliferation (n = 1); and mucous gland adenoma (n = 1). Conclusions BA/CMPT can potentially be misdiagnosed as carcinoma during intraoperative consultation. On retrospective review of the frozen sections, the presence of the following may help to avoid misdiagnosis: a mixture of bland ciliated columnar cells, mucinous cells, and, most important, a basal cell layer, as well as a lack of necrosis, significant atypia, and mitoses.

Background: Hydatid disease of urinary tract is most common in the kidney. In kidney, hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the renal parenchyma. Isolated hydatid cysts in the renal pelvis are extremely rare with only three cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present a case of isolated hydatid cysts in the renal pelvis masquerading as renal pelvic calculi, which were diagnosed during surgery and confirmed on histopathology. Conclusion: Hydatid cysts can masquerade as renal calculi. Preoperative modalities may miss the correct diagnosis. Histopathology in suspected cases can confirm the diagnosis so that proper chemotherapy can be offered to patient to avoid recurrence.

Introduction: Machine learning is an intelligent technology that works as a bridge between businesses and data science. With the involvement of data science, the business goal focuses on findings to get valuable insights on available data. The large part of Indian Cinema is Bollywood which is a multi-million dollar industry. This paper attempts to predict whether the upcoming Bollywood Movie would be Blockbuster, Superhit, Hit, Average or Flop. For this Machine Learning techniques (classification and prediction) will be applied. To make classifier or prediction model first step is the learning stage in which we need to give the training data set to train the model by applying some technique or algorithm and after that different rules are generated which helps to make a model and predict future trends in different types of organizations. Methods: All the techniques related to classification and Prediction such as Support Vector Machine(SVM), Random Forest, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Adaboost, and KNN will be applied and try to find out efficient and effective results. All these functionalities can be applied with GUI Based workflows available with various categories such as data, Visualize, Model, and Evaluate. Result: To make classifier or prediction model first step is learning stage in which we need to give the training data set to train the model by applying some technique or algorithm and after that different rules are generated which helps to make a model and predict future trends in different types of organizations Conclusion: This paper focuses on Comparative Analysis that would be performed based on different parameters such as Accuracy, Confusion Matrix to identify the best possible model for predicting the movie Success. By using Advertisement Propaganda, they can plan for the best time to release the movie according to the predicted success rate to gain higher benefits. Discussion: Data Mining is the process of discovering different patterns from large data sets and from that various relationships are also discovered to solve various problems that come in business and helps to predict the forthcoming trends. This Prediction can help Production Houses for Advertisement Propaganda and also they can plan their costs and by assuring these factors they can make the movie more profitable.

Purpose: Diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma (DIR) is characterized by absence of intraocular mass, lack of calcification. It may mimic inflammatory uveitis or exudative retinopathy. Observations: An eight-years-old boy presented with progressive loss of vision in left eye. Clinical evaluation revealed neovascular glaucoma with a yellow–gray fundal glow, exudative retinal detachment, subretinal exudation and telangiectatic vessels. The presentation was consistent with exudative retinopathy (Coat’s disease) but for the presence of a family history of retinoblastoma in the younger sibling. Despite the absence of an intraocular mass or calcification on multimodal imaging, the enucleation was done on the basis of clinical suspicion of retinoblastoma. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of DIR. Conclusions : DIR can pose a diagnostic challenge due to its non-characteristic clinical and imaging features and atypical presentation. A high index of suspicion along with a positive family history was key to diagnosis in our case; histopathology was confirmatory. Keywords: Retinoblastoma, Diffuse infiltrating, Leukocoria, TNM staging, Hereditary retinoblastoma

This article describes the use of the sub epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) as a donor source for root coverage. The success of these grafts has been attributed to the double-blood supply at the recipient site from the underlying connective tissue base and the overlying recipient flap. The application of connective tissue grafts has become a widely accepted therapeutic option in aesthetically oriented periodontal plastic surgery. Connective tissue grafts are a versatile treatment method in periodontal plastic surgery and periimplant soft tissue plastic surgery. Their strengths are ease of handling and good prospects of success. Harvesting techniques that are minimally traumatic but aimed at maximizing tissue volume ensure multipurpose usability of connective tissue grafts. Keywords: Connective tissue, Grafts, Periodontol plastic surgery.

Customer churn prediction in telecommunication industry is a very essential factor to be achieved and it makes direct impact to customer retention and its revenues. Developing a good and effective churn prediction model is very important however it is a time-consuming process. This study presents a very good review of customer churn, its effects, identification of its causes, business needs, methods, and all the techniques used for churn prediction. On the other hand, this study provides the best understanding of the telecom dataset, datasets used by past researches and features used in different researches. Also, this study shows the best techniques used for the churn prediction and describes all performance measures used in the churn prediction models. In this study a wide range of researches are added from the year 2005 to 2020. It includes variety of methods proposed by past researches and technologies used in these researches. At the end, a state of art comparison is added that gives a very good and meaningful comparison of past researches. The study indicates that machine learning techniques are mostly used and feature extraction is a very important task for developing an effective churn prediction model. Deep learning algorithm CNN itself has the capability of feature extraction and establish itself as a powerful technique for churn model, in particular for large datasets. For performance ‘Accuracy’ is a good measure however measuring performance only with ‘Accuracy’ is not sufficient because on small datasets accuracy is more predictable and will be the same. With Accuracy, researchers also need to look at other performance measures such as confusion matrix, ROC, precision. F-measure etc. This study assures that new researchers can find everything regarding their churn prediction model requirements at one place. This study provides a comprehensive view by extensively detailing work which has happened in this area and will act as a rich repositorory of all knowledge regarding churn prediction in telecom sector.

A pandemic of novel coronavirus started in China causing pneumonia like acute respiratory syndrome and rapidly spread to other countries of the world. It was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Due to lack of accepted therapies and vaccines, the prevention of COVID-19 infection has become an uphill task. As the infection is associated with human to human transmission and is highly communicable so medical professionals are at greater risk especially dentists who work in oral cavities and are exposed to aerosols. Dental practices and hospitals should utilise the available information and properly execute the recommended management protocols strictly and effectively The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available information to act as a resource for Dental health care professionals to follow guidelines for safe practice and decrease the risk of transmission of covid-19 among health care professionals during treatment in covid-19 pandemic till any positive outcome of ongoing clinical trials is anticipated. Keywords: COVID19, Coronavirus, Dental practice, Dentist.

Over the past three decades, biotherapeutics have transformed health care by offering effective treatments for complex diseases that were otherwise difficult to deal withThis article aims to review unsuccessful regulatory filings for biosimilar approval.We have focused on regulatory submissions to EMA and FDA. Key shortcomings of the filings that failed to receive approval have been identified and discussed.

The whole world is facing a great challenging time due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Globally, more than 14.6 M people have been diagnosed and more than 595 K deaths are reported. Currently, no effective vaccine or drugs are available to combat COVID-19. Therefore, the whole world is looking for new drug candidates that can treat the COVID-19. In this study, we conducted a virtual screening of natural compounds using a deep-learning method. A deep-learning algorithm was used for the predictive modeling of a CHEMBL3927 dataset of inhibitors of Main protease (Mpro). Several predictive models were developed and evaluated based on R2, MAE MSE, RMSE, and Loss. The best model with R2=0.83, MAE = 1.06, MSE = 1.5, RMSE = 1.2, and loss = 1.5 was deployed on the Selleck database containing 1611 natural compounds for virtual screening. The model predicted 500 hits showing the value score between 6.9 and 3.8. The screened compounds were further enriched by molecular docking resulting in 39 compounds based on comparison with the reference (X77). Out of them, only four compounds were found to be drug-like and three were non-toxic. The complexes of compounds and Mpro were finally subjected to Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for 100 ns. The MMPBSA result showed that two compounds Palmatine and Sauchinone formed very stable complex with Mpro and had free energy of −71.47 kJ mol−1 and −71.68 kJ mol−1 respectively as compared to X77 (−69.58 kJ mol−1). From this study, we can suggest that the identified natural compounds may be considered for therapeutic development against the SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder (GB) is a rare, aggressive malignancy accounting for less than 1% of all GB tumours. With a high propensity for extensive local invasion and early metastasis, the disease carries a poor prognosis without prompt intervention. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination (HPE) with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we report a metastatic case of SCC-GB and review the literature of metastatic SCC GB.

A 19-year-old student, who had received a kidney from her mother and had moderate cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection risk, received triple immunosuppression (IS) with cor ticosteroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate sodium (MPS). The patient was treated with pulse corticosteroids for borderline rejection at 1-month posttransplantation, but subsequently developed a urinary tract infection, which was resolved with intravenous administration of antibiotics. In the 4th month after transplantation, the patient was diagnosed with hydronephrosis secondary to a ureteric stricture, which required sur gery. Simultaneously, her BK polyomavirus-nucleic acid titer (BKV-NAT) and CMV-NAT increased to 391 IU/mL and 241 IU/mL, respectively. Accordingly, her MPS dosage was reduced and, ultimately, withheld. While her CMV-NAT decreased to undetectable levels; her BKV-NAT titer remained persistently high (14,743 to 22,088 IU/mL). The everolimus was then added to minimize tacrolimus exposure, and her BKV-NAT titer subsequently reduced to 2,575 IU/mL. Simultaneously her renal allograft biopsy showed severe tu bulitis with macronuclei positivity for simian virus 40 which indicated the presence of BKV. Besides, the typical CMV associated cytoplasmic and nuclear eosinophilic inclu sions also seen in the immunohistochemical analyses. Oral valganciclovir and intra venous immunoglobulin were then administered to the patient and her kidney function partially improved subsequently. She was later discharged without any clinical evidence of rejection.

Named entity recognition (NER) is a natural language processing tool for information extraction from unstructured text data such as e-mails, newspapers, blogs, etc. NER is the process of identifyin...

Industrial revolution 4.0 is characterized with use of cyber - physical systems to automate, monitor and analyze business. The students have access to volumes of information available a click away. Developing the graduates with the futuristic skills is a major challenge in front of educators. The case discusses the pro-activeness of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology (RIT) such as designing innovative teaching strategies, preparing faculties and students and developing smart infrastructure in responding to the changing needs of the industries. At RIT, the challenges are even more intensified as most of the students are first generation learners belonging to farmers� families. Team RIT worked with a belief that together they can bring the change. The study concludes that a triangular systems approach can help the institutes transform and develop the IR4 ready graduates. The three pillars i.e. Management & faculty, industry and learning systems should be inextricably intertwined with only student as the focus to achieve the expected outcomes. The findings will also prove to be an initial source of reference for other engineering institutes to bring in the educational transformations. Although Industry 4.0 is the buzzword, very few technical institutes understand and realize the concept in detail. This case study will help technical institutes to identify the factors which they have to asses critically and act upon for preparing graduates with futuristic skills.

Purpose To determine the efficacy of the femtosecond laser with integrated anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for the detection of posterior capsular dehiscence in posterior polar cataracts (PPCs). To evaluate the safety of phacoemulsification in these eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Setting Centre For Sight Group of Eye Hospitals, a chain of tertiary eyecare hospitals in India. Design Prospective interventional case series. Methods The study included eyes with PPCs undergoing FLACS using the CATALYS femtosecond platform. Real-time OCT guidance was used to image the posterior capsule (PC), which was then classified as intact or dehiscent. The femtosecond laser was used for the creation of capsulotomy, nuclear fragmentation, and corneal incisions. In all eyes, the posterior offset (distance between the posterior extent of nucleotomy and the PC) was increased to enable a thick epinuclear cushion. Intraoperative status of the PC was noted, and the specificity and the sensitivity of AS-OCT to detect a preexisting posterior capsular defect was determined. Results The cohort included 50 eyes (40 patients), in which a posterior capsular discontinuity on AS-OCT was observed in 7 eyes (14%). Five (10%) of these 7 eyes developed an intraoperative posterior capsular rent (PCR) A sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100% was noted. No case of nucleus drop was noted. Conclusions Femtosecond laser with integrated AS-OCT is a relevant and helpful tool to detect and increase the safety in preexisting posterior capsular dehiscence, alerting the surgeon ahead of phacoemulsification.

Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in 8- to 16-year-old children from town (Baddi) of Himachal Pradesh. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2000 children from various schools of Baddi. Molar–incisor hypomineralization was diagnosed on the basis of EAPD 2003 criteria revised in 2009. Results Prevalence of MIH found was to be 2.9%. Demarcated opacities were predominant among all the defects. Postnatal illnesses were highly associated with MIH. The prevalence of dental caries reported in MIH patients was 82.7%. Conclusion Postnatal illnesses are significantly associated with MIH. Molar–incisor hypomineralization predisposes the tooth to dental caries. How to cite this article Thakur H, Kaur A, Singh R, et al. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization in 8–16-year-old Children in Industrial Town of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):230–234.

Today in every industry weather, it is ISP, IT products, social network or mobile services there is the problem of customer churn (Customers changing their services from one service provider to another). However, in telecommunication the customers churning very frequently. As the market in telecom is fiercely competitive, in that case, companies proactively have to determine the customers churn by analyzing their behavior and try to put effort and money in retaining the customers. In this proposed model, two machine-learning techniques were used for predicting customer churn Logistic regression and Logit Boost. Experiment was carried out in the WEKA Machine-learning tool, along with a real database from an American company Orange. The result were shown in different evaluation measures.

Background: International Academy of Cytology (IAC) has established a process to produce comprehensive and standardized approach to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reporting. They have categorized the breast lesions in C1 to C5. (C1-Insufficient material, C2-Benign, C3- Atypical, C4-Suspicious & C5-Malignant). Aims and Objectives: The aim of study is to classify various breast lesions (C1 to C5) and to grade breast carcinoma on FNAC using Robinson's grading system which is then correlated with modified Bloom–Richardson grading. Materials and Methods: All routine FNAC for breast lump were included in the study during the period from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017. The study was conducted in the Department of pathology and lab medicine of a tertiary care hospital in central India. Results: A total 225 female patients were included in the study, with an age group ranging from 15 - 79 years, with lesions in breast were taken. C1 lesions were found in 3 cases, C2 in 186 cases, C3 in 13 cases, C4 in 4 cases, and C5 in 19 cases. Correlation of cytohistological grading was obtained in 108 cases. Conclusion: Cytological categorization based on IAC structured reporting will enhance the reproducibility of reports among pathologist & clinicians. With the comparison between cytohistological nuclear grading, the cytoprognostic scores will help in evaluating the aggressiveness of tumor, predicts histological grade and prognosis. It could be a useful parameter for selecting neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Cancer is a major killer disease caused by uncontrolled growth and invasion of cells. Apoptosis is the cell's natural mechanism of death, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Any mutation that disturbs the apoptotic pathway leads to deregulated proliferation, resistance, and evasion of apoptosis. This evasion is one of the hallmarks of malignant developments. Apoptosis takes place via two distinct pathways i.e. the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways. These pathways use cleaved caspases to execute apoptosis which in turn cleave many downstream proteins to kill the cells. They can also be inhibited through various means that include up-regulation of anti-apoptotic and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors. The authors here aim to impart a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical characteristics of these pathways that render scientists target these pathways and assess apoptosis restoring abilities of the novel drugs and natural products for cancer treatment.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is practically apply in all commerce and notable labors be able to witness in our routine life. E.g. chat bots, smart cars, IoT devices, healthcare, banking, and logistics and many more. Simple examples for the use of AI in day to day life are Alexa and Siri which are ready to assist to ease the work. They can be illustrated as consumer Artificial Intelligence powered smart assistants. They are of help that requires unskilled tasks of an individual's life, thus one be capable of centering significant stuff. But, have we ever thought that AI can infiltrate the limitations of the by hand encumbered legal processes as well? Can it help professionals and advocates with mechanization, by sinking their time on repetitive responsibilities? Taking about why and how AI and law connects, the prime reason for the same is to craft inventive applications to computerized routinely procedure or working related to legal matters. Artificial intelligence and the law cannot go hand in hand that too with synchronization. There could be many reasons, on among them could be immensely diverse attribute. In the current era, almost every legal practitioner is making use of Artificial intelligence in their day to day carry out procedures in which e-courts and use of software's are common which helps them to complete their responsibilities effectively and efficiently. This paper provides a general introduction to the field of AI and Law. This paper aims to introduce to the way in which the increasing use of artificially intelligent technologies affects the law.

Liver is the largest major organ of our body. liver having a wide range of functions so, it is prone to many diseases which are very commonly seen in India. Any disturbance of liver function that causes illness is called liver disease. It is also known as hepatic disease. It is major leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim of this study was to nd out the role of Trace Elements (Mg & Zn) levels in diagnosis of Non-alcoholic liver disease. Material and methods: 200 subjects were selected out of them 100 were selected as study group (Non-alcoholic (NALD) and 100 were selected as control group and distributed according to their age and sex. Trace elements were estimated by Atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Result: the serum trace elements level was decreased in non-alcoholic liver disease patients. P-value was found to be signicant when compared with healthy subjects. (P≤0.001). Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that serum level trace elements (Mg, Zn) activity looks specic and can be used for prognostic evolution of non-alcoholic liver disease.

The treatment of cancer commonly involves the procedure of tumour removal, chemotherapy and radiation, but these have many limitations. Cases where a tumour has metastasized, become impossible to save the person. In 30% of cases, resistance to therapies occurs, specifically metastatic tumour, thus creating a need for a novel way to destroy the cancerous cells without much harm to healthy cells in the vicinity. This technique involves photosensitizer, when it is provided with light of any particular wavelength in turn produces different reactive oxygen species that helps in getting rid of diseased or cancer cells. The major difference between PDT and traditional cancer treatment is Photosensitizer of which is very specific in reaching only the infected or diseased tissues, but it has drawbacks, in combination with nanoparticles (NPs), which could be prevented. The functionalized NPs should be small size and large contact surfaces which allow for them to be internalized by cellular membranes. PDT is an alternative method in oncology.