Search

Because of their high strength and oxidation resistance as well as low cost, Cu micro bonding wires have received increased interests in microelectronic packaging industry. The present work revealed that the coating boundary provided additional strength improvement by blocking dislocation gliding. Furthermore, the greater strain concentration along slip bands introduced larger cracks within the Pd coating layer with coarser grains. The present study provides insights for reliable Pd-coated Cu micro bonding wire processing and bonding applications.

Background Although live-attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccines have been proven to be safe and effective in preventing varicella and real-word evidence shows routine childhood immunization programs are effective in dramatically reducing varicella associated morbidity and mortality, varicella vaccine is not included in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Hungary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic burden associated with varicella in Hungary. Methods This was a multicenter, retrospective, chart review study of patients aged 1–12 years with a primary varicella diagnosis between 2011 and 2015. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) associated with varicella, unit costs, and work loss were used to estimate direct and indirect costs. All costs are presented in 2015 HUF / Euros (€). Results 156 children with varicella were included (75 outpatients, 81 inpatients), with a mean age of 4.4 (SD: 2.0) and 3.7 (SD: 2.1) years, respectively. One or more complications were reported by 12.0% of outpatients and 92.6% of inpatients, the most common being dehydration, skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, and cerebellitis. HCRU estimates included use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications (96.0% outpatients, 53.1% inpatients), prescription medications (9.3% outpatients, 70.4% inpatients), tests/procedures (4.0% outpatients, 97.5% inpatients), and consultation with allied health professionals (2.7% outpatients, 30.9% inpatients). The average duration of hospital stay (inpatients) was 3.6 (95% CI: 3.2, 4.1) days. The total combined direct and indirect cost per varicella case was 228,146.7 Hungarian Forint (HUF)/€ 736.0 for inpatients and 49,790.6 HUF/€ 106.6 for outpatients. The overall annual cost of varicella in Hungary for children aged

Structures of on-board autonomous navigation systems that spacecraft coordinates estimation by analysis of on-board camera data without receiving extra data from earth ground stations or other external sources are considered. Various approaches to correct the autonomous navigation system (ANS) of a spacecraft based on comparison of current images (CI) of the earth&s surface obtained on board, for example in optical wave band, and digital terrain maps (Reference Images, RI) stored in on-board computer memory are considered. Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of image processing (from the point of view of algorithm speed) are suggested. Results concerning potential accuracy of such systems are cited.

PIN3 BurdeN of VarIcella IN latIN amerIca: a SyStematIc reVIew aNd crItIcal aNalySIS Yang H.K.1, Liaw K.L.2, Manoff S.2, Kuter B.1 1Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, PA, USA, 2Merck & Co, Inc., Upper Gwynedd, PA, USA Objectives: Varicella is a common, vaccine-preventable illness with significant public health impact in Latin America (LA). This study aimed to review the epidemiology and economic burden of varicella, and to perform a critical analysis of available data in LA. MethOds: A comprehensive literature review was conducted in major databases and government websites to identify published data on epidemiology and economic burden of varicella in LA. Study data were extracted systematically including incidence rates, lifetime prevalence, mortality, type and rates of complications, as well as use of health care resources (hospitalizations, physician office visits, others) and both direct and indirect costs associated with varicella. Critical analyses of study quality and data availability are performed for each country. Results: Published studies were identified from ten countries including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Annual incidence rates ranged from 20 per 100,000 in Uruguay up to 381 per 100,000 in Mexico. Incidence was highest among children < 10 years of age, bearing increased utilization of healt health care resources. Bimodal seasonal patterns of varicella were reported in Argentina, Mexico and Uruguay. Most frequent complications among hospitalized patients were skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections and neurological complications. Patients hospitalized for varicella stayed generally between 1-5 days. Critical analysis suggested that most published studies had limitations including data representativeness and study design issues. Data gaps in the epidemiology and economic burden of varicella were also found on the country level. cOnclusiOns: Currently there is limited information available on burden of varicella in Latin America, potentially due to the lack of mandatory reporting and active surveillance systems for varicella in the region. Country-specific epidemiological information and varicella-related health care resource utilization data are needed to elucidate the disease burden for developing appropriate immunization recommendations and informing decision makers about the value of varicella vaccination.