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Past research has examined the use of anonymous sources in news content and its impact on perceived credibility. Studies applying these theories in the context of sport media consumption, however, are scant and outdated. This matters because sport media is consumed for different reasons from news and has a historically symbiotic relationship with the people and events it covers. The current case study explores sources in National Basketball Association (NBA) trade stories in both national news and sport-specific publications. The study found that about 82% of trade speculation was not credited to a source. Unnamed and named sources’ trade predictions were cross-referenced with the NBA transaction log to determine if the trades actually manifested before the trade deadline. Neither sources predicted trades well: Of the 95 unsourced, speculated trades, 14 actually took place. Of the 20 sourced speculations, four took place. There was no statistically significant difference between how well named and unnamed sources predicted trades.

The purpose of this study was to discover music educators’ views on string music education by surveying active NAfME members in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and to compare results based on teaching area: string/orchestra (SO) and non-string/orchestra (NSO). While statistically we cannot generalize results because of the response rate and numbers of SO and NSO teachers in our study, those who responded to our online survey support our hypothesis that fewer string/orchestra programs exist in our four focus states than other U.S. regions. Respondents agreed that string/orchestra programs would benefit overall music programs, allowing for more student participation. However, results suggest some NSO teachers choose program preservation over music program diversification, and ultimately student opportunities for music participation. The largest barriers to implementation of new programs were financial costs and administrative support, then scheduling, availability of qualified teachers, and lack of facilities. It is unclear if NSO teachers’ views represent an “unspoken” barrier. Additional research to determine reasons for fewer programs is needed to increase the numbers of string/orchestra programs and enrollment in existing programs.

In the history of computing, nothing has raised the profile of data processing, storage, and analytics as much as the concept of Big Data. We have considered ourselves to be an information-age society since the 1980s, but the concentration of media and popular attention to the role of data in our society have never been greater than in the past few years–thanks to Big Data.

This book is about a third revolution in database technology. The first revolution was driven by the emergence of the electronic computer, and the second revolution by the emergence of the relational database. The third revolution has resulted in an explosion of nonrelational database alternatives driven by the demands of modern applications that require global scope and continuous availability. In this chapter we’ll provide an overview of these three waves of database technologies and discuss the market and technology forces leading to today’s next generation databases.

Administrators of web applications have traditionally had two choices when the application demand exceeds database capacity: scaling up by increasing the power of individual servers, or scaling out by adding more servers. For most of the relational database era, scaling up was the more practical option. Early relational databases did not provide a clustering option, whereas the CPU and memory supplied by a single server was constantly and exponentially increasing in line with Moore’s law. Consequently, scaling out was neither practical nor necessary.

This book is the story of how a revolution in database technology saw the “one size fits all” traditional relational SQL database give way to a multitude of special-purpose database technologies. In the past 11 chapters, we have reviewed the major categories of next-generation database systems and have taken a deep dive into some of the internal architectures of those systems.