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Since 2020, live broadcasting with goods has become a hot topic, and the Internet’s popular KOL (key opinion leader) has emerged in an endless stream. From the perspective of marketing and consumer behavior, this paper takes KOL as an example to explore the reasons for the success of Internet celebrity live broadcasting, and analyzes the current situation and pattern of live broadcasting, so as to provide reference and suggestions for enterprises and individuals who want to make profits through live broadcasting.

In the present study, a gross quality control (QC) procedure is proposed for the Global Navigation Satellite System Occultation Sounder (GNOS) Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO) refractivity data to remove abnormal data before they are assimilated. It consists of a climate extreme check removing data outside the range of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) climate maxima and minima over approximately five years, and a vertical gradient check that rejects profiles containing super-refractions. These two QC steps were applied sequentially to identify outliers in GNOS GPS RO refractivity data during boreal winter 2013/2014. All of the abnormal refractivity profiles and the outliers at each level of the GNOS GPS RO observations were effectively removed by the proposed QC procedure. The post-QC GNOS GPS RO refractivity observations were then assimilated in the Global/Regional Analysis and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) using the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) system. The impacts of the GNOS refractivity observation on GRAPES analysis and forecasting were evaluated and analyzed using an observation system experiment run over one whole winter season of 2013/2014. The experiment results demonstrated a positive impact of GNOS GPS RO data on analysis and forecast quality. The root mean squared error of GRAPES analysis temperature was reduced by 1% in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics and in the tropics, and the anomaly correlation scores of the forecasted 500-hPa geopotential height over the SH increased significantly during days 1 to 5. Overall, the benefits of using GNOS GPS RO data are significant in the SH and tropics.

The inevitable trend in the development of construction 3D printing is to change from printing the reduced size model to printing the full-size structure. While full-size printing is a mega-scale automated manufacturing process, and will face enormous challenges, e.g., blindly printing full-size buildings inevitably causes losses or accidents due to a mistake in the 3D design models or print parameters. This research proposes a method for evaluating the rationality of the models and optimizing the parameters of the full-size 3D printing, based on the scale 3D printing. A case study of a 15-m-span 3D printing landscape bridge is presented to illustrate the proposed method. A series of tests of the printing scaled models and full-size structures are conducted using an industrial printer and a five-axis printing equipment. The maximum deviation between the 3D printed bridge and the design model is within 0.9 mm, and the average is within 0.1 mm. The optimal parameters for the full-size printing such as a layer resolution of 4 mm are determined. Experimental findings indicate that it is feasible to apply the proposed method to print full-size structures, and avoid losses due to the models or parameters errors. In addition, the applications of the scale 3D printing in building lifecycle under the traditional construction mode are systematically discussed. Recommended materials and print parameters for scale 3D printing at different stages of the building lifecycle are introduced.

With the continuous development of computer and electronics, the idea of artificial intelligence has been integrating into the fault tolerance research. As a valuable and prospective intelligent fault tolerance technique in high reliability and high safety applications, the evolvable hardware fault tolerance technique is becoming an important and widely applicable method. However, this technique confronts two difficult problems: evolved circuit scale and evolution efficiency. Toward these problems, we present a programmable architecture called neural network architecture-based virtual reconfigurable circuit (NNA-VRC), and an evolutionary fault tolerance method based on this programmable architecture. The NNA-VRC-based evolution method simplifies the structure and configuration of programmable architecture, avoids illegal interconnections during the circuit evolution, and implements high level (module level) evolution. The experiments of this paper show that a function module scale circuit is evolved efficiently. Furthermore, NNA-VRC-based evolution method can recovery from many injected fault patterns, behaving a strong feature of fault tolerance.

Children treated for craniopharyngioma (CP) experience significant morbidity. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and postoperative complications of pediatric CP and to determine risk factors for complications to provide a theoretical basis for postoperative treatment.In this retrospective analysis, we screened clinical data concerning children with CP who had undergone surgery at our hospital from December 2011 to June 2015. We statistically analyzed the relationship between age, sex, disease course, tumor location, extent of tumor resection, and neuroendocrine axis dysfunction.Of 240 patients (males, n = 144; females, n = 96; mean age, 8.33 ± 4.64 years), the main clinical presentations were headache (n = 151, 62.92%), vomiting (n = 84, 35%), vision changes (n = 101, 42.08%), polydipsia and polyuria (n = 47, 19.58%), and growth retardation (n = 42, 17.5%). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was the most common postoperative complication. There were 216 (90.00%) and 181 (75.42%) patients with pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal axis injuries, respectively. Being a prepubescent girl was a risk factor for impaired pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal axis function (P 0.05). No correlation was found between sex (male), age, disease course, tumor location, extent of tumor resection, and impaired pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal axis function (P 0.05). Pituitary-gonad axis injury was observed in 91 (37.92%) patients. Saddle and suprasellar region tumors were risk factors for impaired pituitary-gonad axis function (P 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found between sex, disease course, extent of resection, and impaired pituitary-gonad axis function (P 0.05).Routine screening for complications during treatment is indicated for children with CP, to optimize the timing of interventions and reduce long-term morbidity.

Background MiR-18a has been reported in many cancer types, including prostate cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Nevertheless, the role of miR-18a remains unclear in bladder cancer. Methods The expression of miR-18a in bladder cancer tissues was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic value of plasma miR-18a was detected by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier, and the prognostic significance of miR-18a was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results MiR-18a was observed to be upregulated in human bladder cancer tissues. Moreover, the expression of plasma miR-18a was found to be closely associated with tumor type, histological grade, TNM stage and tumor size. High expression of miR-18a was found to be capable of predicting unfavorable clinical prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Notably, plasma miR-18a expression was shown to exhibit fundamental diagnostic significance in discriminating bladder cancer patients from healthy individuals, and in differentiating muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Conclusions This study demonstrated that miR-18a is a potential diagnostic biomarker associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Hence, miR-18a may be a useful biomarker for the screening of bladder cancer.

On the basis of the research on the development tendency of modern automobile industry and the analysis of the present situation of new product’s development and management in Dongfeng Honda, the paper discusses the necessity and importance of the establishment of a virtual simulation system for general assembly based on digital factory under the situation of SPEED development process. And it expounds how Dongfeng Honda apply virtual manufacturing technology to the new products to achieve rapid industrialization from the perspectives of virtual technology and digitalization.

The extraction of skull cutting trajectory from existing successful cases of experienced specialists is one of the key steps to standardize the planning of craniosynostosis surgery. This paper proposes a new method for extracting the skull cutting trajectory that combines deep learning, binocular stereo vision, and point cloud processing technology. The proposed method is the first-time application of deep learning to segmentation of the external surface of skull. The method automates the extraction and digitization of the cutting trajectory by utilizing Mask R-CNN to detect and segment the surgical area first, then a simplified contour extraction algorithm is explored to extract the cutting trajectory, followed by 2D-3D mapping of the cutting trajectory coordinates with the aid of binocular stereo vision and point cloud processing. Study showed that the proposed method is able to extract the surgical cutting trajectory accurately and efficiently, with the point cloud depth measurement error less than 3mm and the trajectory point positioning error less than 0.3mm, meeting the standard of clinical application.

Background and aim: endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is widely accepted for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, technical difficulties sometimes occur. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of EFTR for gastric SMTs and to explore risk factors for technical difficulty. Methods: the clinical data of patients who received EFTR for gastric SMTs was retrospectively collected from April 2011 to September 2019. Efficacy was defined as an en bloc resection. Difficult EFTR was defined as a procedure time ≥ 120 minutes and/or the occurrence of major adverse events, such as major bleeding, abdominal pain or peritonitis. Finally, risk factors for technical difficulty of EFTR such as gender, age, tumor location, size, symptomatic, regular, outgrowth, operator experience and pathology were analyzed in a univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: one hundred SMTs were removed by EFTR. The average surgery time was 75.73 ± 45.9 (range: 20-250) minutes and the average tumor size was 16.23 ± 7.73 (range: 6-40) mm. With regard to efficacy, en bloc resection was achieved in 98 cases (98 %). A total of ten patients (9.9 %) had complications, namely two intra-operative bleeding, one delayed bleeding and seven patients had abdominal pain (overt peritonitis). EFTR was ceased in one patient due to massive intra-operative bleeding and conversion to laparoscopic surgery was necessary. One patient required laparoscopic surgery due to delayed bleeding, and other complications were resolved with a conservative treatment. A total of 18 cases (17.8 %) encountered a difficult EFTR: tumor size ≥ 3 cm (p = 0.008) and location at the gastric corpus (p = 0.007) were risk factors for a difficult EFTR according to the logistic analysis. Conclusion: EFTR is safe and effective for the treatment of gastric SMTs. Tumor size of ≥ 3 cm and location at the gastric corpus are risk factors for a difficult EFTR.

This study explores the application value of computer aided simulation and biomechanical analysis in treatment of congenital sagittal synostosis. The traditional and proposed treatment methods were evaluated by comparing the operation time, blood loss, operation cost and postoperative complications. The application of computer simulation surgery and biomechanical analysis in the treatment of children with congenital sagittal synostosis allows surgeons to be familiar with the operation process and splicing scheme in advance. In particular, computer biomechanical analysis was proposed for the first time to determine the position and quantity of the joint materials, so as to achieve operation's objectives of stability, aesthetics, expansion, significantly improve the surgical efficiency, reduce the cost and postoperative complications.

Combined with the concept of angle pulse compression and the single model of SAR, a new method for angular super-resolution based on beam modulation is proposed. Based on the linear frequency modulate for beam scanning in azimuth direction, the analytic expression of the mapping relationship between angle and frequency is deduced. Then the unresolved targets in one pulse volume can be identified in range and azimuth directions by the range-azimuth control separately. The simulation results indicate that the proposed rule improve the multi-target resolution.

Digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) passive radar obtains target information by eliminating correlation between reference signal and target echo signal. Reference signal reconstruction is a key technology of passive radar. This paper introduces the key algorithms in the process of reference signal reconstruction. On the premise of ensuring the reconstruction accuracy, DOMP-MP algorithm is used to reduce the computational complexity. The reconstructed reference signal and the target echo are processed by 2D Cross-correlation processing to obtain the target information. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm is verified.

The use of self-consolidating concrete and advanced pumping system enables efficient construction of super high-rise buildings, however, risks such as clogging or even bursting of pipeline still exist. To better understand the fresh concrete pumping mechanisms in detail, the discrete element method is employed in this paper for the numerical simulation of local pumping problems. By modeling the coarse aggregates as rigid clumps and appropriately defining the contact models, the concrete flow in representative pipeline units is well revealed. Important factors related to the pipe geometry, aggregate geometry and pumping condition were considered during a series of parametric studies. Based on the simulation results, their impact on the local pumping performance is summarized. The present work demonstrates that the discrete element simulation offers a useful way to evaluate the influence of various parameters on the pumpability of fresh concrete.

A fault-tolerant control for single-phase cascade off-grid photovoltaic-storage system with PV failure is proposed in this paper. Depending on states of PVs, different operating modes are proposed to enhance reliability of the system under PV failure, including normal mode, partial PV fault mode, and full PV fault mode. Hybrid modulation is employed to reduce switching losses. Subsequently, the proposed fault-tolerant control achieves stable power generation by regulating different kinds of converter cells independently. A downscaled prototype rated at 220 V is established on hard-in-loop platform, and the experimental results demonstrate the validation of the proposed control strategy.

Since 2017, the efficiency record for cast multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells has been 22.3% using a TOPCon design on a 2 × 2 cm2 area of an n-type wafer processed in the laboratory. As the efficiency of industrial PERC and TOPCon cells on monocrystalline wafers has been higher than that, there is widespread expectation that multi-crystalline materials will be used less and less. Recently, we applied our industrial TOPCon (i-TOPCon) technology to 157.4 mm × 157.4 mm quasi-mono n-type wafers and achieved an efficiency of 23.22% with Voc of 711.9 mV with illumination for the front side, independently confirmed by ISFH CalTeC in Germany. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first solar cell based on cast-mono material that exceed 23% efficiency. This gives scope that cast materials may still be used in future cell fabrication because such high efficiencies and lower cost may offset the lower production yield compared to Czochralski (Cz) wafers. We report on details about our cell structure and processing, we analyze the bulk lifetime before and after cell fabrication, and give details about the optimization of the rear passivating contact.

Laser-doped boron selective emitters are an ideal candidate for enabling less emitter recombination, lower contact resistance and better blue response of efficient n-type silicon solar cells. However, the low boron concentration of the borosilicate glasses formed during boron diffusion processes and the implementation of ultraviolet lasers have hindered the commercialization of laser-doped boron selective emitters. In this contribution, separate BBr3 diffusion processes for green-laser-doped selective emitters are demonstrated. Laser doping processes were conducted between (1) borosilicate glass deposition and boron driving in and (2) post-oxidation, achieving the optimized laser doped selective emitter with the Rsheet,p+/Rsheet,p++ of 95.0 Ω/□/54.3 Ω/□, accompanying with the p+ profile of Nmax

A baseline gasoline engine was retrofitted into a natural gas (NG)/gasoline duel-fuel engine through increasing a NG injection system at its intake manifold. The combustion behaviours and emission characteristics of the engine with different proportions of NG-gasoline blends were investigated. Numerical simulation and experiments verification were performed on a 4-cylinder SI engine. The results show that the combustion behaviours and emission characteristics of natural gas/gasoline dual fuel engine are between gasoline and natural gas. The maximum in-cylinder pressure (MCP), the maximum heat release rate (MHRR) and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) decrease with the increase of NG ratio and combustion phases (CA10 and CA50) are retarded, this implies that the adding natural gas to the gasoline can effectively improve the knocking resistance of the engine, which allows to improve the thermal efficiency by increasing compression ratio. The maximum combustion temperature (MCT) and the total overall equivalence ratio increases with the increase of NG ratio, leading to an increase in NO and soot emissions but their increasing proportion of NO and soot emissions at 50% of NG ratio (by energy) is respectively less than 8.7% and 17.3 with respect to the pure gasoline mode, but at the same time, there is an increase in indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and a decrease in CO, CO2 and HC, this implies that trading off thermal efficiency and NOX emissions by operating the engine with 50% of NG and 50% of gasoline (by energy) without causing further cost and complexity.

We demonstrate an “industrial tunnel oxide passivated contacts” (i-TOPCon) silicon solar cell on large area n-type silicon wafers (156.75 mm × 156.75 mm). This cell has a boron diffused front emitter, a tunnel-SiOx/n+-poly-Si/SiNx:H structure at the rear side, and screen-printed electrodes on both sides. The passivation of the tunnel-SiOx/n+-poly-Si/SiNx:H structure on silicon wafers is investigated. The saturation currents Jo of this structure on polished and textured silicon surfaces are 1.3 and 3.7 fA/cm2, respectively. After printing the Ag contacts, the Jo of this structure increases to 50.7 fA/cm2 on textured silicon surfaces, which is still manageably low for metal contacts. This structure was applied to i-TOPCon solar cells, resulting in a median efficiency of 23.91%, measured in-house, and a champion efficiency of 24.58%, independently confirmed by the ISFH CalTeC in Germany. The champion efficiency was measured with total area illumination, including screen-printed fingers and busbars.

Pediatric skull deformity requires immediate surgery as indicated by increased cranial pressure, mental retardation, impaired or absent vision, cranial deformity, and mental and spiritual defects. This study explores the application value of computer aided simulation in treatment of pediatric skull deformity. The application of computer simulation surgery in the treatment of children with pediatric skull deformity allows surgeons to be familiar with the operation process in advance. The use of computer 3D digital technology for preoperative design planning and simulation can reduce surgical difficulty to a certain extent, improve surgical efficiency, significantly increase intraoperative accuracy, and also reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications.

Combining PET and MRI, the hybrid scanner can simultaneously acquire data from both the dual modalities. Therefore, the research on improving the quality of dual-modality images is necessary and important, and joint reconstruction of PET-MRI has the potential to enable superior imaging for both imaging modalities. We propose a cross-guided (CG) prior model based on guided functions, which can be incorporated into dual-modality joint reconstruction of PET and MRI by Maximum a posterior (MAP) framework. In our work, the proposed CG prior model was composed of two parts: PET part weighted with anatomy-guided knowledge of MRI, and MRI part weighted with anatomy-guided knowledge of PET. To test the feasibility and validity of the proposed CG prior, we compared it with separate reconstruction without prior (no prior), separate total variation (TV) prior, joint total variation (JTV) prior and linear parallel level sets (LPLS) prior. The objective functions based on different priors were achieved with the same quasi-Newton method. The performances of different reconstruction methods were verified with simulation data of 18F- FDG PET and T1-weighted MRI from brain phantom. As the results indicated, the proposed algorithm substantially reduced the noise and reconstruction error of both PET and MR images and achieved sharper and higher resolution images, which outperformed other state-of-the-art methods. In conclusion, the proposed CG prior is considerably effective, which can provide a potential way for dual-modality joint reconstruction.

SRAM (static random access memory)-based FPGA (field programmable gate array), owing to its large capacity, high performance, and dynamical reconfiguration, has become an attractive platform for SoPC (system on programmable chip) development. However, as the configuration memory and logic memory of the SRAM-based FPGA are highly susceptible to SEUs (single-event upsets) in deep space, it is a challenge to design and implement a highly reliable FPGA-based system for spacecraft, and no practical architecture has been proposed. In this paper, a new architecture for a reliable and reconfigurable FPGAbased computer in a highly critical GNC (guidance navigation and control) system is proposed. To mitigate the effect of an SEU on the system, multi-layer reconfiguration and multi-layer TMR (triple module redundancy) techniques are proposed, with a reliable reconfigurable real-time operating system (SpaceOS) managing the system level fault tolerance of the computer in the architecture. The proposed architecture for the reconfigurable FPGA-based computer has been implemented with COTS (commercial off the shelf) FPGA and has firstly been applied to the GNC system of a circumlunar return and reentry flight vehicle. The in-orbit results show that the proposed architecture is capable of meeting the requirements of high reliability and high availability, and can provide the expressive varying functionality and runtime flexibility for an FPGA-based GNC computer in deep space.

Blunt nose body with sharp corner is a kind of common configuration for spaceship design. However, for its complexity, there were few valid theories can solve this problem perfectly.In this paper, compressiblenonsimilar boundary-layer analysis and numericalsimulation of Navier-Stokes equationswere used together to give some satisfactory results. The influence of nose radius and corner radius on heating rate over blunt body was also summarized which is very useful for the optimization of thermal protection system.

As a new experimental technique of aerodynamics, optical flow test technique gradually attracts more and more attention for the advantages of vector field measurement of pixel scale resolution and strong smoothness ability. By means of scalar constraint equation combined with smoothness constraint condition, optical flow test technique can measure global velocity vector field of high space resolution. In this paper, the theory and algorithm of integration minimization optical flow velocimetry were studied, an verification experiment, in which tracer particle images was acquired by high speed camera and velocity vector field was calculated by optical flow algorithm, was completed. The result calculated by optical flow algorithm was compared with the result calculated by PIV algorithm, and both results were significantly correlated. The research shows that optical flow test technique possesses the advantages of space resolution and velocity field smoothness.

This paper presents a forward approach to establish parametric scattering center models for known complex radar targets. In this approach, an automatic technique based on ray tracing and clustering is first developed to extract scattering centers directly from the computer-aided design (CAD) model of the targets. Following this, a set of forward methods is developed to determine the physically relevant parameters of two-dimension (2-D) attributed scatterers, such as type, amplitude, position and length. Finally, this approach is validated through the parametric model establishment of two complex targets and good agreement has been demonstrated between the reconstructed and actual radar characteristics. Different from the familiar inverse extraction approaches, the proposed approach provides a new forward way of constructing radar targets' feature database based on 2-D parametric scattering center model, which will ultimately facilitate the feature matching in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) system.

Glial cell hyperactivity has been proposed to be responsible for chronic pain, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Interleukin (IL)-18, released from glial cells, has been reported to be involved in neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-18 in bone cancer pain. Bone cancer pain was mimicked by injecting Walker-256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the intramedullary space of the tibia in rats. Expression and location of IL-18 and the IL-18 receptor were tested. To investigate the contribution of IL-18 signaling to bone cancer pain, IL-18 binding protein and recombinant IL-18 were used. To investigate the mechanisms of glial cells effects, MK801, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor, and Src kinase-specific inhibitor PP1 were used. Tumor cell implantation (TCI) treatment increased expression of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor in spinal cord. The time course of IL-18 upregulation was correlated with TCI-induced pain behaviors. Blocking the IL-18 signaling pathway prevented and reversed bone cancer-related pain behaviors. Meanwhile, blocking IL-18 signaling also suppressed TCI-induced glial cell hyperactivity, as well as activation of GluN2B and subsequent Ca2+-dependent signaling. Spinal administration of recombinant IL-18 in naive rat induced significant mechanical allodynia, as well as GluN2B activation. However, intrathecal injection of MK801 failed to suppress recombinant IL–18-induced GluN2B phosphorylation, whereas Src kinase inhibitor PP1 significantly inhibited IL-18-induced GluN2B activation. IL–18-mediated glial-glia and glial-neuron interaction may facilitate bone cancer pain. Blocking IL-18 signaling may effectively prevent and/or suppress bone cancer pain. Perspective IL-18 signaling may be a new target for cancer pain therapy.

A method of online sensor fusion with spatially and temporally misaligned sensors is considered in this paper. A spatiotemporal registration mode is developed for sensor alignment, and augment the target state vector with spatiotemporal bias. An unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used to fuse and register these sensors, then the target state estimation as well as the spatial and temporal bias estimation can be obtained simultaneously. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm not only can align these sensors properly with both spatial and temporal bias, but can also obtain accurate fused tracks.

In order to optimize the structure of anvils, finite element method is used to simulate two kinds of structures, one of which has a support ring but the other one does not. According to the simulated results, it is found that the maximum value of pressure appears at the center of culet when the bevelled angle is about 20°. Comparing the results of these two kinds of structures, we find that the efficiency of pressure transformation for the structure without support ring is larger than that for the structure with support ring. Considering the effect of von Mises stress, two kinds of tungsten carbide opposite anvils have been manufactured with bevelled angle of 10°. The experimental results for these two anvils are in good agreement with the simulation.

Objective to investigate the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in the Department of Nuclear Medicine. Methods From January 2016 to December 2016, a total of 90 patients with DTC, receiving 131I treatment in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University are enrolled in this study. All patients have received TSH suppression treatment for at least 3 months prior to admission, and are given individual-based comprehensive nursing intervention on TSH suppression after admission. Through questionnaire and telephone follow-up, patients’ awareness of TSH suppression and their medication compliance before and after nursing intervention are analyzed and compared. Results The awareness of the knowledge of TSH suppression and medication compliance are significantly improved in 90 patients after comprehensive nursing intervention (P

② (61302 PLA Troops, Beijing 100016, China) Abstract: In this paper, we present the methods of parametrically reconstructing the position of a 3D scattering center model of the targets from SAR images for a target recognition application. First, a framework for reconstructing the 3D position of the targets from the SAR images is proposed. Then, a method that uses the parameters obtained from the scattering center of the targets from the SAR images is used for reconstructing the 3D scattering center model. Finally, the proposed methods are confirmed using the simulated data.

Background Treating bone cancer pain continues to be a major clinical challenge, and the underlying mechanisms of bone cancer pain remain elusive. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been reported to be involved in neurogenic inflammation, nociceptive pain and hyperalgesia. Here, we investigated the role of PAR2 in bone cancer pain development. Methords Expression of PAR2, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and neurochemical alterations induced by bone cancer pain were analysed in male, adult C3H/HeJ mice with tumour cell implantation (TCI). To investigate the contribution of PAR2 to bone cancer pain, PAR2 antagonist peptide and PAR2 knockout mice were used. Results TCI produced bone cancer-related pain behaviours. Production and persistence of these pain behaviours were well correlated with TCI-induced up-regulation of PAR2 in sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). PAR2 knockout and spinal administration of PAR2 antagonist peptide prevented and/or reversed bone cancer-related pain behaviours and associated neurochemical changes in DRG and dorsal horn (DH). TCI also induced proteases release in tumour-bearing tibia, sciatic nerve and DRG. Plantar injection of supernatant from sarcoma cells induced PAR2 up-regulation and intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i increase in DRG, and calcitonin gene-related peptide accumulation in DH, as well as significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, which were all in PAR2-dependent manners. Conclusion These findings suggest that PAR2 may be a key mediator for peripheral sensitization of bone cancer pain. Inhibiting PAR2 activation, especially during the early phase, may be a new therapy for preventing/suppressing development of bone cancer pain.

To investigate effects and possible mechanism of Ro 20-1724, a PDE4 inhibitor, on long-time learning and memory ability following repeated ketamine exposure in immature rats. Methods: Sixty 21-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12): C: Normal control group, S: Saline control group, K: Ketamine, K + Ro: Ketamine + Ro 20-1724, K + E: Ketamine + ethanol vehicle. Ro 20-1724 (0.5 mg·kg −1 ) or its vehicle (ethanol) was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ketamine anesthesia (70 mg·kg −1 ), daily for seven days. Nine weeks after birth, the Morris water maze was used to test the ability of learning and spatial localization memory on the rats. Following behavioral testing, animals’ hippocampi were removed for Western blot and electron microscopic examination. Results: In the Morris water maze test, compared with controls, the escape latency in groups exposed to ketamine or ketamine plus the ethanol vehicle were significantly prolonged (P 0.05). Electron microscopy demonstrated degenerative changes in hippocampal neurons of animals repetitively exposed to 70 mg·kg −1 Ketamine, which was ameliorated by Ro 20-1724 (0.5 mg·kg −1 ). Conclusion: The PDE-4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (0.5 −1 ) reverses cognitive deficits associated with repeated ketamine exposure in young rats, most likely via increased cAMP/CREB signaling in the hippocampus and preservation of hippocampal neuronal ultrastructure.

设计了由金属硫化物/聚苯胺p-n异质结和紫外光敏材料氧化锌所组成的光敏传感器,通过紫外光照外接氧化锌层来控制金属硫化物/聚苯胺p-n结的耗尽区厚度。与其他报道的光敏材料不同的是,其他光敏材料在紫外光照射下光电导会增加,而该光敏传感器在紫外光照射下光电导会减少。

A new time-of-flight neutron reflectometer with a polarization option is developed and tested at the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China. Its scattering geometry is horizontal. The constructed neutron reflectometer is a multipurpose instrument that can be used for the characterization of a stratified microstructure and hidden interfaces of solid thin films. Diting is designed for both magnetic and nonmagnetic multi-layer thin films. Spin polarization and analysis are achieved by transmission magnetized supermirrors. The sample unit is equipped with an electromagnet, which can provide a vertical magnetic field range of 0-1.2 tesla. The available neutron beam is a white beam with wavelength range of 0.15-1.25 nm, which can be cut into different wavelength resolution neutron pulses by a four-disk chopper. A two-dimensional position-sensitive detector is employed to count the specular and off-specular reflected neutron beam. A minimum reflectivity of 10-6 is measured on this instrument.

A low-noise and fast preamplifier is needed for the new boron-coated multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) neutron detector with a delay line readout system to improve position resolution. A transimpedance preamplifier with a rise time of 30ns, a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 40dB, and an automatic gain control function are designed to meet the aforementioned requirements. On the other hand, we also compare it to commercial preamplifiers. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of commercial and in-house preamplifiers are analyzed. The preamplifier is used and tested on a MWPC neutron detector, and results are presented.

Background Observational studies examining associations between adult height and risk of colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers have generated mixed results. We conducted meta-analyses using data from prospective cohort studies and further carried out Mendelian randomization analyses, using height-associated genetic variants identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), to evaluate the association of adult height with these cancers. Methods and Findings A systematic review of prospective studies was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Using meta-analyses, results obtained from 62 studies were summarized for the association of a 10-cm increase in height with cancer risk. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using summary statistics obtained for 423 genetic variants identified from a recent GWAS of adult height and from a cancer genetics consortium study of multiple cancers that included 47,800 cases and 81,353 controls. For a 10-cm increase in height, the summary relative risks derived from the meta-analyses of prospective studies were 1.12 (95% CI 1.10, 1.15), 1.07 (95% CI 1.05, 1.10), and 1.06 (95% CI 1.02, 1.11) for colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers, respectively. Mendelian randomization analyses showed increased risks of colorectal (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% CI 1.14, 2.18) and lung cancer (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00, 1.22) associated with each 10-cm increase in genetically predicted height. No association was observed for prostate cancer (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.92, 1.15). Our meta-analysis was limited to published studies. The sample size for the Mendelian randomization analysis of colorectal cancer was relatively small, thus affecting the precision of the point estimate. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for a potential causal association of adult height with the risk of colorectal and lung cancers and suggests that certain genetic factors and biological pathways affecting adult height may also affect the risk of these cancers., In a Mendelian randomisation study Pierce and colleagues show a genetic association between adult height and increased risk of colorectal and lung cancer., Author Summary Why Was This Study Done? Several previous observational studies have examined the association between adult height and risk of cancers of the lung, colon/rectum, and prostate; however, it remains unclear whether adult height is indeed related to the risk of these cancers. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the association between adult height and the risk of colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers. To overcome inherent limitations of observational study designs, we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses using genetic data generated from a large multi-center consortium study including 47,800 cases and 81,353 controls. In the meta-analysis of the prospective observational studies, we found a 12% increased risk of colorectal cancer, a 7% increased risk of prostate cancer, and a 6% increased risk of lung cancer for every ten-centimeter increase in height, and this increased risk was corroborated in the Mendelian randomization analyses for colorectal (58%) and lung cancer (10%). What Do These Findings Mean? Our study provides strong evidence for an association between adult height and risk of colorectal and lung cancer, and suggests that certain genetic and biological factors that affect height may also affect the risk of these cancers. However, our meta-analysis was limited to published studies, and the sample size for the Mendelian randomization analysis for colorectal cancer was relatively small, affecting the precision of the risk estimate.

Identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic associations can uncover common pathways influencing multiple cancers. We took a two-stage approach to conduct genome-wide association studies for lung, ovary, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer from the GAME-ON/GECCO Network (61,851 cases, 61,820 controls) to identify pleiotropic loci. Findings were replicated in independent association studies (55,789 cases, 330,490 controls). We identified a novel pleiotropic association at 1q22 involving breast and lung squamous cell carcinoma, with eQTL analysis showing an association with ADAM15/THBS3 gene expression in lung. We also identified a known breast cancer locus CASP8/ALS2CR12 associated with prostate cancer, a known cancer locus at CDKN2B-AS1 with different variants associated with lung adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer, and confirmed the associations of a breast BRCA2 locus with lung and serous ovarian cancer. This is the largest study to date examining pleiotropy across multiple cancer-associated loci, identifying common mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5103–14. ©2016 AACR.