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Background The association between interleukin-10 (IL-10)-1082 (-1087) A > G polymorphism and either chronic (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) susceptibility was conflicting. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively estimate the association. Methods Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and WANFAN databases were searched for relevant studies that were submitted prior to January 31, 2018, and meta-analyses were performed using STATA 14.0. Results Database mining yielded 26 studies of interest. For the IL-10-1082 (-1087) A > G (rs1800896) polymorphism and its relation to CP susceptibility, the overall analysis showed no significant estimates, but subgroup analysis revealed significant associations in the AA versus GG + GA model in the Caucasian population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.274, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.069-1.518, P = 0.007; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.483) and in the GG versus AA + AG model in the Han population (OR = 6.66, 95% CI = 7.72-9.41, P = 0.000; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.82), which all showed no obvious publication bias by Egger's linear regression test. For the association between an IL-10-1082 (-1087) A > G polymorphism and AgP susceptibility, the overall analysis and Caucasian subgroup analysis yielded nonsignificant estimates. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicated that the IL-10-1082 (-1087) AA genotype in the Caucasian population, and the GG genotype in the Han population might be putative risk factors for CP. Practical implications The IL-10-1082 (-1087) AA genotype and the GG genotype might be potential biomarkers for Caucasian CP and for Han CP, respectively. However, additional research will be required to validate the findings of this meta-analysis.

Background Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (IADSRCT) is a highly invasive malignant tumor that is rare in clinical practice. Anlotinib is a multitarget receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α/β, c-Kit, and Met. In our study, we present a record of IADSRCT which was validly treated by anlotinib. Case presentation A 38-year-old man was admitted due to anterior abdominal wall nodule for 1 month. The nodule and intraperitoneal mass were resected and diagnosed IADSRCT. The patient received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and his CT scan revealed metastasis in the right inguinal lymph node and omental lymph node. Anlotinib was then recommended. Anlotinib significantly reduced the lymph nodes after four cycles. The patient continued to use anlotinib as maintenance therapy, and the patient was in good condition. The side effects of anlotinib were high triglycerides and fatigue. However, its toxicity was controllable and tolerable. Conclusion This is the first report about anlotinib being effective in the treatment of IADSRCT. This report may provide a new option for the treatment of metastatic IADSRCT.

Deep learning is the fastest growing field in artificial intelligence and has led to many transformative innovations in various domains. However, lack of interpretability sometimes hinders its application in hypothesis-driven domains such as biology and healthcare. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model with individual feature ranking. Several simulated datasets with the scenarios that contributing features are correlated and buried among non-contributing features were used to characterize the novel analysis approach. A publicly available clinical dataset was also applied. The performance of the individual level dropout feature ranking model was compared with commonly used artificial neural network model, random forest model, and population level dropout feature ranking model. The individual level dropout feature ranking model provides a reasonable prediction of the outcomes. Unlike the random forest model and population level dropout feature ranking model, which can only identify global-wise contributing features (i.e., at population level), the individual level dropout feature ranking model allows further identification of impactful features on response at individual level. Therefore, it provides a basis for clustering patients into subgroups. This may provide a new tool for enriching patients in clinical drug development and developing personalized or individualized medicine.

Ecological regulation and biocontrol of pests are always important frontier areas in science and technology for prevention and management of insect pests. Knowing the ecological effects of agricultural landscape pattern on population dynamics of insect pests and their natural enemies is fundamental for ecological regulation and management of insect pests under climate change. In past 10 years, our study on ecological regulation and biocontrol of pests is developing from local field level to regional agricultural landscape ecosystem in China.

Introduction. The association between interleukin-10- (IL-10-) 592 (-590, -597) C>A polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic or aggressive periodontitis (CP or AgP) is conflicting. This meta-analysis is aimed at quantitatively estimating the association. Materials and Methods. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and WANFAN were searched for studies performed prior to January 31, 2018, to collect data for our research. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 or STATA 14.0. Results. In total, 18 studies that met our criteria were included. Overall or HWE subgroup analysis of individuals with this polymorphism revealed that in terms of CP susceptibility, there was a significant difference between case groups and control groups in the A allele versus C allele model (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.17–1.64 or OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.12–1.70), in the AA versus CC+CA model (OR = 1.49, 95% CI =1.06–2.10 or OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.13–1.78), and in the CC versus CA+AA model (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92 or OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49–0.93); subgroup analysis based on a nonsmoking population also displayed significance in the A allele versus C allele model (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.15–1.79) and CC versus CA+AA model (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44–0.87). For this polymorphisms and AgP susceptibility, our analyses revealed a significant association in both the A allele versus C allele model (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01–1.63) and the AA versus CC+CA model (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.30–2.89); subgroup analysis based on Caucasian or nonsmoking populations showed significant differences in the AA versus CC+CA model (OR = 6.29, 95% CI = 1.78–22.21 or OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.59–6.61). Conclusions. IL-10-592 (-590, -597) A allele and the associated AA genotype may be risk factors for the onset of CP or AgP—particularly for the AA genotype and the increased risk of AgP in Caucasian or nonsmoking populations. Conversely, the CC genotype may act as a protective factor against the onset of CP.

BACKGROUND Caries in primary teeth hinder the child to bite and chew and influence their development. Papacarie has the characteristics of selective removal of decayed tissue and can preserve healthy dentine to the maximum, but its efficiency has not been critically evaluated compared to conventional method. AIM This review is aiming at comparing the Papacarie and traditional method in caries removal in primary dental caries with children. DESIGN Comprehensive literature searching at PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science to January 2018. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four prospective controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. The microbiota in caries dentine was significantly reduced using the Papacarie treatment (MD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.09, P = 0.03), and the anxiety feeling declined more in the Papacarie group (MD = -1.01, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.30, P < 0.005). There was a greater 200.79 (MD = 200.79, 95%CI 152.50 to 249.09, P < 0.00001) increase in time taken for the Papacarie treatment compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSION Papacarie exerts a positive effect in reducing the bacteria and decreases the pain during caries removal in primary teeth although it costed a longer treatment time compared with the conventional method.

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is widely believed to be an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Kv4 is an A-type K+ channel, and our previous report shows the degradation of Kv4, induced by the Aβ42 accumulation, may be a critical contributor to the hyperexcitability of neurons in a Drosophila AD model. Here, we used well-established courtship memory assay to investigate the contribution of the Kv4 channel to short-term memory (STM) deficits in the Aβ42-expressing AD model. We found that Aβ42 over-expression in Drosophila leads to age-dependent courtship STM loss, which can be also induced by driving acute Aβ42 expression post-developmentally. Interestingly, mutants with eliminated Kv4-mediated A-type K+ currents (IA) by transgenically expressing dominant-negative subunit (DNKv4) phenocopied Aβ42 flies in defective courtship STM. Kv4 channels in mushroom body (MB) and projection neurons (PNs) were found to be required for courtship STM. Furthermore, the STM phenotypes can be rescued, at least partially, by restoration of Kv4 expression in Aβ42 flies, indicating the STM deficits could be partially caused by Kv4 degradation. In addition, IA is significantly decreased in MB neurons (MBNs) but not in PNs, suggesting Kv4 degradation in MBNs, in particular, plays a critical role in courtship STM loss in Aβ42 flies. These data highlight causal relationship between region-specific Kv4 degradation and age-dependent learning decline in the AD model, and provide a mechanism for the disturbed cognitive function in AD.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis) has been used for thousands years in China, and is usually applied in treatment of urinary tract disorders and liver injury. S. chinensis extract (SCE) has board protective effects on liver, kidney and nervous system. Schisandra lignans are generally considered as the bioactive components of SCE. Aim of the study To investigate the pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions (HDIs) between SCE and cyclophosphamide (CTX). To evaluate the protective effects of SCE against CTX induced damage in rat liver, kidney and brain. Materials and methods The pharmacokinetic HDIs between SCE and CTX were investigated by determining plasma concentrations of CTX and three metabolites, namely 4-ketocyclophosphamide (4-Keto), 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (DCCTX) and carboxyphosphamide (CPM) using a previously developed UPLC-MS/MS method. To evaluate the protective effects of SCE pretreatment, toxicity and oxidation stress assessments along with histology investigations were carried out in rat liver, kidney and brain. Results The equimolar produced metabolite DCCTX was chosen to reflect chloroacetaldehyde (CAA, a toxic metabolite of CTX) production in rats. Single-dose pretreatment of SCE significantly reduced CAA production and decreased the Cmax and AUC0–24 h of DCCTX by 69% and 49% respectively (P Conclusion Our experiment results suggest that S. chinensis may find use as a complementary medicine in CTX treatment.

Background For this systematic review, the authors evaluated and synthesized the available scientific evidence related to the effects of periodontal endoscopy on the treatment of periodontitis. Methods The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Scientific Journals database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Medicine Premier's Wanfang database for articles about periodontal endoscopy that were published through January 2017. The authors considered the percentage of residual calculus, average treatment time, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival inflammation (GI), and probing depth (PD) as outcome measures. The authors extracted data and performed meta-analyses for groups of articles for which it was appropriate. Results The authors identified 8 articles as being suitable for this systematic review. The investigators of 3 studies reported results related to BOP and GI that revealed some advantages of periodontal endoscopy over traditional scaling and root planing (SRP). The investigators of 4 studies explored PD and found no difference between periodontal endoscopy and traditional SRP. The authors could not perform meta-analyses on the study results related to BOP, GI, or PD. The percentage of residual calculus after periodontal endoscope–aided debridement was significantly less than the percentage of residual calculus after traditional SRP (mean difference, −3.18; 95% confidence interval, −4.86 to −1.49; P = .002; heterogeneity I 2 = 74%). The authors found that periodontal endoscopy took significantly more time than traditional SRP (mean difference, 6.01 minutes; 95% confidence interval, 4.23 to 7.8; P I 2 = 0%). Conclusions and Practical Implications Periodontal endoscopy may provide additional benefits for calculus removal compared with traditional SRP, although it could take more time to perform. With respect to BOP, GI, and PD, the authors found no sufficient evidence to support the difference between the use of periodontal endoscopy and traditional SRP. The authors concluded that additional scientific research is required to assess the effects of periodontal endoscopy on the treatment of periodontitis.

Background The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of dexamethasone (DX) on edema, trismus, and pain during early and late postoperative periods after third-molar (M3) extraction. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors identified eligible reports by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up through April 2016. The full text of the studies that met the minimum inclusion requirements were those in which the investigators evaluated the effects of submucosal injection of DX compared with inactive treatments in patients undergoing surgical extraction of an M3. Results The authors included 11 eligible trials in this study. Participants receiving DX had significantly less edema during both early (standardized mean difference, 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.21-4.36; P P P = .004) phase, but there was no strong evidence for the reduction of trismus in the late period. Because of heterogeneity in intervention and outcome assessments across the studies, the authors only qualitatively summarized pain outcomes. Conclusions and Practical Implications The findings of this study suggest that submucosal injection of DX reduced not only early and late edema but also early trismus in experimental compared with control participants after M3 extraction, which makes it a likely choice for dental clinical use. However, larger and higher-quality trials are needed to guard against bias to confirm the effect in late trismus and pain.

Hui-Min Chen, Ge Feng Nanjing Jiangbei People’s Hospital, Nanjing 220000, People’s Republic of China Aims: The number of lymph nodes (LNs) excised in patients with pathologic N0 is limited, and it is very likely that there will be recessive node disease after surgery, so they are at risk of understaging. The purpose of the present study is to develop a nodal staging score (NSS) in a mathematical way to assess the likelihood that a pathologic N0 gastric cancer (GCa) patient has, indeed, no occult nodal disease after surgery. Patients and methods: A total of 14,033 stage I–III GCa patients were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database for analysis. A beta-binomial model was fitted to calculate the probability of missing a nodal disease. This probability is then used to calculate the NSS. Results: The probability of missing a nodal disease is decreased with increasing LNs examined across all pT stages. Seven and 24 LNs removed and examined was enough for an NSS of 90% in pT1 and pT2 patients, respectively, ensuring a high confidence of correct nodal negative classification. Twenty-three and 31 LNs examined in pT3 and pT4 patients could also maintain the NSS at 80%, respectively. NSS had a significant impact on patients’ survival across all pT stages (all Ps

SummaryObjective Evaluate visual-field and retinal-structure changes following adjunctive vigabatrin treatment in vigabatrin-naive adults with refractory complex partial seizures (rCPS). Methods Prospective, longitudinal, single-arm, open-label study (NCT01278173). Eligible patients (≥2 seizures/month who failed ≥3 therapies) who could reliably perform perimetry (Humphrey automated static) and retinal-structure assessment (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography) prior to vigabatrin exposure. Following vigabatrin initiation, testing occurred within 1 month (reference) and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. End points included mean change from reference in mean deviation (dB) and average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, visual-acuity changes from baseline, and number of patients who met predefined vision-parameter changes at two (confirmed) or three (persistent) consecutive visits. Results Sixty-five of 91 screened patients received ≥1 vigabatrin dose (all-patients-treated set [APTS]); 55 had valid reference and ≥1 post–reference assessments (full-analysis set [FAS]). Thirty-six APTS patients with valid pre–/post–reference values completed all planned visits (per-protocol set [PPS]). Thirty-eight (59%) APTS patients completed the study; 27 (42%) withdrew (none for visual-field changes); 32% and 15% had abnormally thin RNFL and abnormal visual acuity at baseline, respectively; 20% had abnormal central 30 degree visual fields in the reference period. No significant mean near visual-field changes were observed (PPS); mean change in average RNFL thickness increased significantly (1-year data: Left-eye: 6.37 μm, confidence interval (CI) 4.66–8.09; right-eye: 7.24 μm CI 5.47–9.01; PPS). No confirmed three-line decreases in visual acuity (FAS) were observed; five patients had predefined confirmed/persistent visual-field changes (FAS). All vision-related adverse events were nonserious; the most common was vision blurred (9%). Significance Prior to vigabatrin initiation, rCPS patients may already exhibit vision deficits. Up to 1 year of adjunctive vigabatrin treatment did not significantly change population near visual fields. Five patients met predefined visual-field-change criteria. RNFL thickening of unknown clinical significance was observed. Limitations include single-arm, open-label design; patients’ inability to perform ophthalmic/visual-field examinations; and limited vigabatrin-exposure duration.

We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of autogenous coronoid process grafts (n=32) and costochondral grafts (n=28) in condylar reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adults. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included diet scores, cone-beam computed tomography (CT), maximal interincisal opening, lateral excursion, and mandibular deviation on opening the mouth. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the measurements before and after the operation with respect to incisal opening, lateral excursion, mandibular deviation, diet scores, or recurrence rate, but in both the postoperative incisal opening, lateral excursion, and diet scores had improved significantly compared with preoperatively. After costochondral graft 3 patients developed intraoperative plural tears, and 6 had temporary pain at the donor site. The frontal branch of the facial nerve was temporarily affected in 5 patients after costochondral graft and 3 after coronoid process grafts, all of which recovered in 3-6 months. There was no recurrence after coronoid process grafting, and one after costochondral grafting. The clinical outcomes in both groups were satisfactory and comparable. Autogenous coronoid process grafting may therefore be a good alternative for condylar reconstruction in patients with ankylosis of the TMJ.

SummaryBackground Cutaneous features of hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) include acne, hirsutism, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia (AGA), and acanthosis nigricans (AN). However, the relationships have not been well known broadly in terms of clinical hyperandrogenism and biochemical markers. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate biochemical and metabolic parameters in relation to cutaneous characters women in with and without PCOS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study including 186 women with PCOS and 113 age-matched without PCOS women. Acne grade, hirsutism, seborrhea, AGA, and AN were recorded. Hormonal and metabolic parameters were measured. Results The most common finding was acne, and AN was the least dermatological manifestations between PCOS and non-PCOS groups. The severity location and type of acne did not differ in PCOS women compared to non-PCOS women. Significant differences were found with respect to free androgen index (FAI) (P = .036), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (P = .023), and body mass index (BMI) (P = .001) between PCOS with acne and PCOS without acne groups. Overall, age (P = .005) was significantly decreased, while BMI (P = .004) was significantly higher in PCOS with hirsutism. The mean serum total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and FAI were significantly elevated, but SHBG was decreased between PCOS with and without hirsutism groups. There were significantly different BMI (P = .018) and triglyceride (P = .024) except other hormonal parameter of without AGA group. Conclusion This study indicated a strong correlation between hirsutism and metabolic abnormalities. Hirsutism is the most common cutaneous finding in PCOS women. Acne and AGA are associated with other manifestations of clinical hyperandrogenism, but not obvious markers of biochemical hyperandrogenemia and metabolic dysfunction.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays an important part in the repair of cartilage in osteoarthritis. It has been hypothesised that intra-articular injection of TGF-β₁ promotes repair of cartilage and protects the subchondral bone from damage in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints (TMJs). We made bilateral partial perforations of the disc to induce osteoarthritic joints in 36 rabbits. TGF-β₁ 20, 40, or 80 ng were injected into the right joint, and vehicle alone was injected into the left joint. Four additional animals were used as normal controls. Microcomputed tomography was used to quantify the three-dimensional microarchitecture of subchondral bone, followed by assessment of the proteoglycan content. All joints treated with TGF-β₁ were covered by a layer of well-organised fibrocartilage, and had increased proteoglycan content and normal microarchitectural properties, whereas the joint treated by vehicle alone had typical osteoarthritis-related degradation of cartilage and sclerosis of subchondral bone. These results suggested that TGF-β₁ is an effective way of treating osteoarthritis of the TMJ.

BACKGROUND Surgical correction of craniosynostosis in children is associated with substantial intraoperative bleeding. Intraoperatively administered tranexamic acid (TXA) can lessen blood loss during orthopedic and cardiovascular surgery, but its efficacy in craniosynostosis surgery is uncertain. Therefore, a meta-analysis performed with published comparative studies was to determine whether TXA could reduce packed red blood cells (or erythrocytes) (PRBCs) transfused and blood loss during pediatric craniosynostosis surgery. METHODS Two PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases were searched until June 2012. Eligible studies were restricted in comparative controlled trials. RESULTS Four studies in 3 articles with 138 patients were included. The results showed that intraoperative administration of TXA can significantly reduce transfusion of PRBCs (weighed mean difference [WMD] = -10.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -16.84 to -4.78, P < 0.00001). In the level of blood loss, the meta-analysis on 4 studies showed that the difference was statistically significant (WMD = -20.53, 95% CI = -32.26 to -8.80, P = 0.0006) between the TXA groups and the control groups. However, the subgroup analysis on randomized controlled trials showed that TXA did not significantly reduce blood loss during surgery compared with the placebo group (WMD = -30.79, 95% CIs = -71.72 to 10.14, P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS Tranexamic acid can significantly reduce the transfusion of PRBCs in children undergoing craniosynostosis surgery. However, there is a controversy on the efficacy of TXA in reducing blood loss. Therefore, new randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of TXA in children with craniosynostosis surgery should be conducted.

This study was to describe the use of inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and iliac bone graft for the management of mandibular deficiency in adult patients. From 2008 to 2010, 11 patients (aged 19 to 29 years) with mandibular deficiency underwent intraoral or extraoral inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and iliac crest bone grafting. Data were collected from the patients' records, photographs and radiographs. The height and width of the ramus were successfully expanded by inverted-L osteotomy and iliac crest bone grafting with minimal complications in all patients, resulting in significant improvement in occlusion and facial appearance. Our early results showed that the inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and iliac crest bone grafting is safe and effective, and should be considered as a good alternative for the patients with mandibular deficiency.

This paper describes the advantages of DSP TMS320VC5402 in the voice coding communication and focuses on interface design of real-time voice signal processing as well as the hardware and software design of the system from the aspect of voice signal acquisition and processing. Besides, it also introduces the corresponding design principle of hardware and software.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings with 10 mol% Ca(2+) replaced by Sr(2+) (10% SrHA) on implant fixation in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Coatings of HA and 10% SrHA were prepared on the surface of titanium implant using sol-gel dip methods, and then characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, and an automatic scratch tester. Twelve weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, twenty OVX rats accepted implant insertion in the proximal tibiae, half with HA-coated implants and the other half with 10% SrHA coated implants. After 12-week healing period, 10% SrHA coated implants revealed improved osseointegration compared to HA, with the bone area ratio and bone-to-implant contact increased by 70.9% and 49.9% in histomorphometry, the bone volume ratio and percent osseointegration by 73.7% and 45.2% in micro-CT evaluation, and the maximal push-out force and ultimate shear strength by 107.2% and 132.9% in push out test. These results demonstrated that 10% SrHA coatings could enhance implant osseointegration in OVX rats, and suggested the feasibility of using SrHA coatings to improve implant fixation in osteoporotic bone.

When locality preserving projection (LPP) is applied to face recognition, it usually suffers from the small sample size (SSS) problem, which means that the eigen-equation of LPP cannot be solved directly. In order to address this issue, we propose a novel LPP scheme. This scheme transforms the objective function of LPP into a new function, which allows the resultant eigen-equation to be directly solved no matter whether the SSS problem occurs or not. Moreover, the fact that the proposed scheme has an adjustable parameter enables us to be able to obtain the best classification accuracy by adjusting the parameter. Our analysis comprehensively reveals the theoretical properties of the proposed scheme and its relationship with other LPP methods. Our analysis also shows that the conventional LPP can be regarded as a special form of the proposed scheme, which also implies that the classification accuracy of the conventional LPP will be lower than the best classification accuracy of the proposed scheme.

Increased bone turnover with excessive bone resorption and decreased bone formation is known to impair implant fixation. Strontium ranelate is well known as an effective antiosteoporotic agent by its dual effect of antiresorbing and bone-forming activity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of systemic strontium ranelate (SR) treatment on fixation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium screws in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Twelve weeks after being OVX (n=30) or sham (n=10) operated, 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral implants in the proximal tibiae. The OVX rats were randomly divided into the following groups: OVX, OVX+SRL ("L" refers to low SR dose of 500 mg/kg/day), OVX+SRH ("H" refers to high SR dose of 1000 mg/kg/day).Twelve weeks after treatment, bone blocks with implants were evaluated with micro-CT and biomechanical push-out tests. Compared to OVX animals, SR treatment increased the bone volume ratio by 51.5% and 1.1-fold, the percentage osteointegration by 1.0-fold and 1.9-fold in micro-CT evaluation, and the maximal force by 1.9-fold and 3.3-fold in biomechanical push-out test, for the low and high dose of SR, respectively. Significant correlation between micro-CT and biomechanical properties demonstrated that trabecular parameters played an important role in predicting the biomechanical properties of implant fixation. Our findings suggest that SR treatment can dose-dependently improve HA-coated screw fixation in OVX rats and facilitate the stability of the implant in the osteoporotic bone.

While locality preserving projection (LPP) is directly applicable to only vector data, two-dimensional locality preserving projection (2DLPP) is directly applicable to two-dimensional data. As a result, 2DLPP is computationally more efficient than LPP. On the other hand, when determining the transform axes, both conventional 2DLPP and LPP do not exploit the class label information of training samples, the use of which is usually advantageous for producing good classification result. In order to exploit the class label information, we proposed one novel LPP method, i.e. two-dimensional discriminant supervised LPP (2DDSLPP). We also analyzed the characteristics and advantages of 2DDSLPP and presented the difference and relationship between 2DDSLPP and other methods. Compared with two-dimensional discriminant LPP (2DDLPP), 2DDSLPP has a stronger capability to preserve the distance relation of samples from different classes. We used two face databases to test 2DDSLPP and several other two-dimensional dimensionality reduction methods. Experimental results show that 2DDSLPP can obtain a higher classification right rate.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dosage, trap placement, trap diameter and trap colour on the trap captures of tea tussock moth, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, in a tea plantation located in Guizhou province in southern China during the 2001 field season. The optimum dosage of synthetic sex pheromone was 1.5 mg/septum in a trap. Trap captures of males were maximized with traps paced 90 cm above the ground. Traps of 32 cm in diameter caught significantly more males than those of 20 cm, and white traps caught significantly more males than traps of other colors. The control effect by mass-trapping technique on tea tussock moth was investigated in the same tea plantation in 2002 and 2003. Twenty-five traps/ha were used in the 2-year, large-scale mass-trapping experiment, and a total of 146,767 males were captured. In the pheromone-treated field, mating rates were significantly reduced on nine of 12 sample dates. Larval and egg densities were reduced by 27.87–50.85 and 38.89–51.1...

Purpose This study was designed to investigate the stress and the displacement distributions of the mandible after mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO) by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods On the basis of a female patient with a prominent angle of the mandible, the finite element models were generated by helical computed tomography and related software and were analyzed under muscle forces and 3 kinds of biting conditions, including intercuspal position (ICP), incisal clenching (INC), and right unilateral molar clenching (RMOL). The mandibular stress and displacement distributions were analyzed by Abaqus software. Results In the model of MAO, the increased stress and the decreased displacement was found in ICP, INC, and RMOL at the area of mandibular angle. The stress and the displacement increased in ICP and RMOL, whereas the others remained unchanged in INC at the area of mandibular condylar neck. Conclusions The results of this study have shown that MAO could alter biomechanical characteristics in the operated mandible, which suggested that a greater hit on face may lead to a higher incidence rate of condyle fracture and a lower incidence rate of angle fracture after MAO.

Orthopedic surgeons and dentists often implant materials to repair bone tissue defects and restore physiological functions of bone organs. The clinical success depends on adequate bone formation in operation sites. However, the real cause of osteogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the bone response to implanted materials, this study examined the bone tissue reaction in rat femoral medullary canal, which received gelatin and collagen as foreign-body materials. A total of 36 six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and meanly divided into three groups. In the gelatin group, the bilateral femora received gelatin material; in the collagen group, they were implanted with type I collagen, and in the control group, the femora suffered from sham operation with no materials inserted. After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were harvested and subjected to a series of examinations. After 2 weeks of healing, a significant upregulation of both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin by both kinds of implanted materials relative to the control (sham implantation group) was seen in gene expression analysis. Strong reactivity of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NFκB ligand was detected in the two test groups in immunohistochemistry at 4 weeks of healing. Also, micro-CT revealed an increase in cortical bone thickness in the two test groups as compared to the control group. Densitometry showed increased bone mineral density in the bone receiving materials after 12 weeks, leading to the enhanced maximum load in the test groups. These results indicated that the implanted materials led to an osteogenesis response in rat femoral medullary canal. Thus, we probably should reconsider the potential cascades of tissue reaction when utilizing orthopedic and dental implants and other materials to recover bone related-organ function and repair bone defects.

The purpose of medical image segmentation is to divides the lesions image with a special meaning and background regional. The characteristics of medical images are generally more complex. There is often overlap between different regions, the edge of the area is vague. Research based on fuzzy clustering method for medical image segmentation, fuzzy C-means clustering and fuzzy kernel clustering methods were studied and discussed fully considered the spatial information, the single objective problem conversion into multi-objective problem. The experimental results show that the method use in medical image segmentation achieved good results.

Based on the analysis the advantages and disadvantages of hierarchical clustering and fuzzy clustering methods, make sample points within each subspace as similar as possible, differences between sample points within different sub-space as large as possible, The essence is to find different data models which hidden in different data. It is an unsupervised learning process that enables the blind classification in the sample spaces. Currently clustering data mining research is a very active field.t.

Purpose Treatment of adult patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis and secondary deformities is a challenging problem. Although various techniques, including arthroplasties, orthognathic surgery, autogenous bone graft, and distraction osteogenesis, have been described for the management of patients with this condition, an appropriate treatment protocol has not been established. The purpose of this report is to describe a 2-stage treatment protocol, comprising TMJ reconstruction as the initial surgery, followed by orthodontic treatment, and correction of secondary deformities as the second surgery, for the management of TMJ ankylosis with secondary deformities in adults. Patients and Methods From January 2003 to December 2009, 24 adult patients (30 joints) with TMJ ankylosis and secondary deformities underwent TMJ reconstruction as the initial surgery, followed by orthodontic treatment and correction of secondary deformities as the second surgery. Clinical outcome was assessed based on oral function, radiography, and medical photography. Results Patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months to a maximum of 32 months (mean, 18.6 months). No relapse of TMJ ankylosis occurred in any patient during the follow-up period. Oral function and skeletal deformities were significantly improved in all patients. Satisfactory occlusion was achieved with the help of orthodontic treatment. Most of the patients were satisfied with the final outcome. Conclusions The 2-stage treatment protocol described not only restores oral function but also improves the patient's esthetic appearance. We believe that it is a good approach for management of TMJ ankylosis with secondary deformities in adult patients.

Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of dentofacial deformities on quality of life in Chinese patients and to make a comparison between facial deformities that do and do not involve the occlusion. Study design Consecutive patients with dentofacial deformities requiring surgical correction were divided into 2 groups. Group A represented those who had undergone presurgical orthodontic treatment, and group B represented patients with square faces or prominent zygoma. All subjects were assessed by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the 22-item Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ-22) during 2 time periods: preoperatively and 6-8 months postoperatively. Results The SF-36 revealed that there was significant difference in role physical and bodily pain (P < .05) preoperatively between the 2 groups, whereas postoperatively the difference was not significant. Preoperatively, there was significant difference in oral function and facial esthetics components of OQLQ (P < .001), whereas postoperatively only the oral function domain showed significant difference. Conclusions Orthognathic surgery had a positive impact on patients' quality of life regardless of the type of deformity. OQLQ showed better discerning ability and was able to point out the subtle differences between the 2 groups.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment of grit-blasted Ti implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. After blasting with aluminium oxide particles, half implants were treated with 0.2 vol.% HF, and the other half were kept non-modified as control. The topographical and chemical changes of implant surface were determined by Scanning Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. 12 Weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, each rat accepted two implants in distal femora, with the control implant on the left and the fluoride-modified on the right. As a result, fluoride modification induced markedly changed surface topography and chemical composition. 12 Weeks after implant insertion, the fluoride-modified implants showed improved osseointegration compared to control, with the bone area ratio and bone-to-implant contact increased by 0.9- and 1.4-fold in histomorphometry, the bone volume ratio and percent osseointegration by 0.8- and 1.3-fold in micro-CT evaluation, and the maximal push-out force and ultimate shear strength by 1.2- and 2.0-fold in biomechanical test. These promising results indicated that HF treatment of Ti surface improved implant osseointegration in OVX rats, and suggested the feasibility of using fluoride modification to improve Ti implant osseointegration in osteoporotic bone.

Objective This article describes the clinical effects of condylar reconstruction by free grafting of autogenous coronoid process in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Study design Fifteen cases of uni- or bilateral TMJ ankylosis during a 3-year period from March 2004 to March 2007 were surgically treated, and the average observation period was 22 months. All patients were treated by condylar reconstruction of immediate autogenous coronoid process grafts. Temporal muscle myofascial flaps or native articular disc was used as an interpositional tissue. Clinical examination, radiographs, and photographs were used postoperatively to evaluate the grafts and TMJ function. Results Satisfactory mouth opening was achieved in 14 cases, and 1 patient showed signs of reankylosis of the joint (20 mm mouth opening). Radiographic examination showed that bone union occurred between the grafts and the ramus in all cases. Some bony resorption of the grafted coronoid process was observed in all patients, but no occlusal changes were noted. Conclusion Satisfactory clinical outcomes are obtained after the condylar reconstruction by free grafting of autogenous coronoid process. Therefore, autogenous coronoid process may be a suitable bone resource for condylar reconstruction in patients with TMJ ankylosis.

The plastic DD filled capsule implosion experiment is performed on Shenguang III prototype laser facility. One-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations show that the implosion compression ratio can be controlled by changing the capsule ablator thickness. In experiments, two types of capsules are studied and most of important implosion parameters are collected, such as neutron yield, X-ray bang-time, trajectory, and shape of hot core. The comparison between post-simulations and experimental results is performed. In our experiments, the neutron yield is 6.8×107 and YOC1D reaches 34% for low compression ratio implosion; the neutron yield is 6.3×106 and YOC1D is only 2.3% for middle compression ratio implosion. Meantime, the shape of hot core obtains an extra higher Legendre partial (P2 is 18% and P4 is 5%). On another side, the trajectory and bang-time are compared with simulations well.

The close displacement of ultra high frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) tags can be considered as an electromagnetically interconnected system which causes the mutual coupling effect among antennas of tags, thereby resulting in change in impedance matching condition. Based on the principles of RFID technology and Friis propagation equation, a link budget model of UHF RFID is provided which consists of one reader and one tag. Expressions of mutual impedance in dense environments are derived by using a two-port network. Utilizing the parameters of power transmission coefficient and modulation factor, the variation of system performance is discussed in theory and tested by three experiments which are conducted in open indoor environment. The measurement results show that the change rate of minimum power transmitted by the reader antenna is in a range from -7% to 11.6% for two-tag scene and from -10% to 12.5% for two-plane arrangement.

Based on the principles of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology and Friis propagation equation, the path loss expression of ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID in free space is provided. The Fresnel clearance and horizontal interval between reader antenna and tag are employed as dependent variables, and then the obstructing effect of the first Fresnel zone on path loss is discussed. By the methods of linear regression and minimum mean-square error, a dual-slope Logarithm distance path losses model is proposed. The path losses of UHF RFID under different parameters are measured in open indoor environment. The measurement results indicate that RFID system experiences less fading when the Fresnel clearance is 1.5 times higher than the first Fresnel radius. The standard deviation of the proposed model with two slopes reduces ten percent or more compared with that of traditional logarithm distance path loss model.