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The COVID-19 pandemic is compelling us to make crucial data-driven decisions quickly, bringing together diverse and unreliable sources of information without the usual quality control mechanisms we may employ. These decisions are consequential at multiple levels: They can inform local, state, and national government policy, be used to schedule access to physical resources such as elevators and workspaces within an organization, and inform contact tracing and quarantine actions for individuals. In all these cases, significant inequities are likely to arise and to be propagated and reinforced by data-driven decision systems. In this article, we propose a framework, called FIDES, for surfacing and reasoning about data equity in these systems.

South Sumatera is one of biggest city in Indonesia that has been developing in many kinds of infrastructures, not only in physical aspect but also in human resource aspect. One of trendsetter problems in that city are work status that are accustomed to having at professions like lecturers and teachers in South Sumatera generally and Palembang city specially. Many lecturers and teachers not only in state universities and state schools (like: elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school) but also in private universities and private schools have been having uncertain status that we can also say outsourcing lecturers and teachers since Indonesia Government decided a moratorium planning in recruiting candidates of public servants in Indonesia. It means, it will be big problems for lecturers and teachers in Indonesia (especially in South Sumatera), they will influence on public services (like: college students and students) even decrease potential human capital and other social problems because of lecturers’ and teachers’ uncertain status. Meanwhile in other countries (USA, England, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Germany, Korea, Philippine), outsourcing workers are a custom in those but it can not be implemented in South Sumatera because outsourcing workers in this city are not ready yet in their competencies, soft and hard skills, experiences, creative thoughts, internal motivations, independencies, and loyalty to the job. Besides that, there is custom in South Sumatera (Indonesia generally) that being an employee is a pride for themselves and their families even though the salaries are too low. This research had found two postulates to become novelties support motivation and commitment theoriesThe result of this research are there are strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on future-anxious commitment grades 0,98 (98%), strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on potential human capital grades 0,79 (79%), and strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on social problems anticipation grades 0,53 (53%). Personal FIDES awareness (PAFIDES) rises because of uncertain job status and job scarcity, and PAFIDES can not strongly and directly influence on social problems anticipation (SOCPRA) but it will be strongly if it indirectly influences on SOCPRA by using mediating variable called future-anxious commitment.

John Bunyan and Blaise Pascal seem unlikely bedfellows – a fiercely Protestant English artisan with only vernacular literacy and a devoutly Catholic French polymath. Yet there are striking affinities between the two in their theologies, spiritual experience, and apologetic methodologies. Both believe that conversion requires divine intervention, yet both quote St Paul’s words Fides ex auditu / “Faith cometh by hearing” (Romans 10:17), thus involving human persuasion in conversion. Though both sometimes employ rational propositional arguments, both see rational argument as insufficient to change a person’s affections and will. Both Bunyan and Pascal adopt literary strategies of persuasion to faith that seek to bypass and subvert their readers’ cognitive defences. Pascal’s famous “wager” (pari) is often criticised for seeking to compel an impossible belief in something of which one is not persuaded. However, this criticism misconstrues the literary context. In this section of the Pensées, Pascal is speaking “selon les lumières naturelles” (“according to natural lights”), adopting St Paul’s rhetorical strategy of “speak[ing] as a fool” (2 Corinthians 11:23) by inhabiting and subverting the thought categories of his pragmatically self-interested worldly readers. His initial goal here is not to compel belief but to persuade readers to participate in a sacramental environment in which they can more readily be habituated into faith. Bunyan’s literary apologetic likewise draws on the model of St Paul and Bunyan’s imaginative fiction is a form of playing the fool which, like Pascal’s apologetic literary strategy, appropriates and reinscribes the thought categories of readers towards a vital faith. À première vue, il peut paraître étrange de comparer John Bunyan et Blaise Pascal – un artisan anglais farouchement protestant dont l’éducation se limitait à la fréquentation de textes en langue vernaculaire, et un polymathe catholique français. Et pourtant, on observe d’étonnantes similarités entre les deux hommes, dans leurs théologies respectives, leurs expériences spirituelles, leurs méthodes apologétiques. Tous deux croient en la nécessité de l’intervention divine dans la conversion mais tous deux citent aussi Paul, Fides ex auditu / « la foi vient de ce qu’on entend » (Romains 10: 17), reconnaissant ainsi le pouvoir de la persuasion. Même s’il leur arrive d’employer des arguments rationnels dans leurs propositions, ils estiment que la raison est insuffisante pour transformer la volonté et le cœur des hommes. Pour persuader de croire, Bunyan et Pascal adoptent des stratégies littéraires qui court-circuitent et subvertissent les défenses cognitives de leurs lecteurs. Le célèbre pari de Pascal s’est souvent vu accuser de forcer une croyance impossible en un objet qui ne convainc pas. Cependant, c’est là mal comprendre le contexte littéraire. Dans cette section de ses Pensées, Pascal parle « selon les lumières naturelles », en « imprudent », selon la rhétorique paulinienne (2 Corinthiens 11:23). Il s’approprie et il subvertit les catégories de pensée de ses lecteurs mondains, préoccupés par leur intérêt personnel. Son but initial n’est pas ici de susciter la croyance mais de persuader ses lecteurs de participer à un environnement sacramental au sein duquel ils pourront plus aisément s’acclimater à la foi. De même, l’apologétique littéraire de Bunyan s’inspire du modèle paulinien et sa fiction imaginative est une forme d’imprudence qui, comme la stratégie littéraire apologétique de Pascal, s’approprie les catégories de pensée de ses lecteurs et les redirige vers une foi vitale.

Blockchain is intended to help enhance the trustworthiness of data and transactions, by chaining and distributing blocks of the same data so that they may become more transparent, traceable, and immutable. With such a great potential, blockchain is increasingly being explored in many applications, especially in the presence of (potential) dis-/mis-/un-trust among organizations and individuals, well beyond its original use, namely, for bitcoin. However, an ad hoc approach to adopting blockchain may lead to not better, but worse, situations and results, and with severe disappointments. In this talk, I will describe Fides - a framework for systematically utilizing blockchain towards enhancing business processes with trustworthiness. Fides takes a goal-oriented, software engineering approach, in which trust-related concerns are explicitly represented as (soft)goals to be achieved, problems for achieving the goals are diagnosed, and then alternatives are explored in terms of business processes for eliminating or alleviating the problems, while at the same time achieving the goals. Finally, a selection is made among the alternatives that best utilize blockchain. In this approach, business processes are modelled, rules are formulated at the requirements level for beneficially transitioning from as-is to to-be, and transformed into smart contracts. At the end, I will describe a couple of applications of Fides, for an initial assessment of its strengths and weaknesses.

Juvencus’ epic portrayal of Christ establishes a new kind of Christian heroism, a concept refined through intertextual engagement with the Old Latin Bible, the Aeneid, and imperial Latin epic. Christ-as-verbum, The Word, wields verbal power against the furor of the enemies of salvation. His virtus, transcending and redefining the martial valor of the Vergilian tradition, is derived not from human achievement but from the vertical economy of grace—it is a gift (munus, donum) of God the Father streaming abundantly from heaven to earth. Juvencus takes advantage of the expanded semantic range of virtus in late antiquity to subvert and repurpose the heroic core of Latin epic: the miracles (munera, dona) of Jesus expose the helplessness of humanity, and restore it to physical and spiritual health through forceful word-deeds (vitalia gesta, vitalia verba). Through its close identification with fides, Christ’s expansive virtus imparts heroic stature to even the weakest disciple.

In areas with hot weather, photovoltaic systems can be used to help relieve the peak demand caused by air conditioning equipment. Users, however, are reluctant to invest in solar technology, arguing that the equipment commercially available is unreliable because it was developed for others environments. In this paper, the reliability assessment of a DC/DC converter aimed at PV applications is presented. The reliability estimation was performed following the FIDES methodology, taking into account seasonal mission profiles developed for five specific sites for which there is meteorological data available. The goal was to identify the most failure prone components, and the dominant stress factors. It was found that the smallest contribution to the failure rate occurs during winter. The largest contribution occurs in spring or summer, depending on the site. In the converter, the most failure-prone components were the diodes, which contributed with about 70% of the overall failure rate.

This paper presents the results of applying neutron imaging methods to the gold bust of Marcus Aurelius, an analytical procedure that was carried out in 2006 at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Villigen (Switzerland). The results have produced a better understanding of the gold repoussé manufacturing techniques for large pieces.Given the number of gold statues that existed at Rome and in its provinces, the preserved pieces represent only a tiny fraction; to recover the precious metal, most gold objects were eventually melted down, with the result that only a very small number of pieces are left. That scarcity explains our difficulties in studying the characteristics of this category. Just 6 gold busts of the Roman period have been documented. The bust of Marcus Aurelius was found in a sewer running beneath a sanctuary of Aventicum (figs. 1, 6a and 16). Then there is the bust of Septimius Severus discovered at Didymoteichon (NE Greece), a small fragment from the shoulder pteriges of a breastplated bust of the 2nd c. A.D. found at the fort of Dambach (Germany), the Late Roman head inserted into the 9th-10th c. statue of St. Fides in the Abbeye of Conques (France), and the much smaller busts of (possibly) Licinius I and of Licinius II probably of the early 4th c.

In his Paraphrases on the synoptic gospels, Erasmus stages the voice of the evangelist speaking in the first-person singular to address the reader in the second-person singular. Such a marked interlocutorial setting is absent in Scripture, with the exception of Luke’s brief address to a certain Theophilus. More than a strategy to forestall criticisms directed at the author of the paraphrase, this direct engagement between biblical author and reader reveals a deeper concern for the transfer of gospel faith and gospel philosophy to the minds of his contemporaries. This essay examines the ways in which the evangelist’s voice engages the implied reader in the Paraphrases on Matthew, Luke, and most notably Mark. It focuses on the reliability (fides) of narration and narrator, the emotional, sensory, and homiletic engagement between speaking voice and reader, and the role of drama and performative elements. The paraphrastic staging of the evangelist’s voice reflects each gospel’s unique challenge in conveying Philosophia Christi to the reader and in the Paraphrase on Mark illustrates in particular the literary dimension of reader-oriented imitatio.

Ralph Ellison’s “Hickman Novel”—upon which Three Days Before the Shooting… is based—reveals that the Popular Front-era radicalism largely effaced from Invisible Man continued to fuel Ellison’s imagination. Although he had established his bona fides as a cold warrior in Invisible Man , Ellison retained certain leftist ideas and insights that both inspired and obstructed his attempts to pull together his second novel. His fidelity to a novelistic timeline anchored in the Jim Crow, the Depression, and the early civil rights movement would be disrupted by the felt need to draw in international antifascist activism during World War II.

Old Scotland shall feel proud ere long, When time your worth unfurl, That she you crowned the Queen of Song Was but a Factory Girl. Ellen Johnston, "An Address to my Brother Bards" (ll. 45-48) (1) Thou lovely verdant Factory! What binds my heart to thee? Why art thou centered in my soul, twined round my memory? Why dost thou hover o'er my dreams my slumbers to beguile? When falsehood of the deepest dye has doomed me an Exile. Ellen Johnston, "The Factory Exile" (ll. 1-4) As of thirty years ago, the works of nineteenth-century Scottish factory worker and poet Ellen Johnston, known to her readers as "The Factory Girl" and the "Queen of Song," had all but disappeared. Thankfully, though, scholars dedicated to reclaiming the historical and literary legacy of working-class writers have reintroduced Johnston and a handful of her literary peers into Romantic and Victorian studies. Selections of her work now can be found in anthologies, online archives and databases, and collections of autobiographies; in addition, she has been the subject of a Dictionary of Literary Biography entry, an Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry, and one scholarly monograph. (2) In 2007, the US-based Kessinger Publishing, through their Legacy Reprint Series, made available a facsimile reprint of the 1867 first edition of Johnston's only volume Autobiography, Poems and Songs. Johnston's work has been received primarily in socio-historical terms, delving into the ways in which she enriches our understanding of nineteenth-century working-class life and writing. Studies devoted to Johnston address similar concerns: discourses of gender and class, domesticity, dialect writing, recovery work, periodical publication, working-class literary expression, autobiography. (3) Thus, Johnston's poetry has been revived in valuable ways, to be sure, but in nonetheless limited ways. As a power-loom weaver turned published poet, Johnston wrote of subjects ranging beyond the obvious ones open to "The Factory Girl." Uniquely possessed of the necessary bona fides to speak to her fellow workers in the pages of the Penny Post, she wrote about the pains and glories of mid-century working-class life: finding and securing work, making a life in the cities, struggling for acknowledgment as a laborer and credibility as a writer. At the same time, she also wrote of things familiar to many: raising children, falling in love, losing a loved one, strength in the face of defeat and despair. But for the Factory Girl, becoming the "Queen of Song" by engaging with the literary world was a risky act, one with the potential to harm her when others sought retribution not for what she wrote, but for her writing at all. Her poetic persona, shaped by being "The Factory Girl" and "The Queen of Song," is equally shaped by her experiences as "The Factory Exile." As a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of her stepfather, the mother of an illegitimate daughter, and a factory-girl turned poet, Johnston found herself exiled, sometimes violently, from numerous communities. She was sent out to factory service at age ten in an attempt to curb what her stepfather in particular viewed as her slipshod, dreamy, bookish ways. Following the birth of her daughter, Mary Achenvole, she found herself abandoned not only by the child's father, but also by her family members. Jealous fellow factory workers physically assaulted her in retribution for what they considered her pretensions to artistic creation and intellectual pursuits. Her lack of formal education and vernacular voice disqualified her from serious consideration within the literary world. Consequently, Johnston's exilic experiences function on numerous levels: professional, personal, and artistic. But there is another aspect to Johnston's exile, one that this essay seeks to remedy. Like that of so many of her working-class peers, Johnston's poetry still suffers from a marginalized existence in literary criticism and nineteenth-century scholarship. …

International audience; Issues of responsible data analysis and use are coming to the forefront of the discourse in data science research and practice, with most significant efforts to date on the part of the data mining, machine learning, and security and privacy communities. In these fields, the research has been focused on analyzing the fairness, accountability and transparency (FAT) properties of specific algorithms and their outputs. Although these issues are most apparent in the social sciences where fairness is interpreted in terms of the distribution of resources across protected groups, management of bias in source data affects a variety of fields. Consider climate change studies that require representative data from geographically diverse regions, or supply chain analyses that require data that represents the diversity of products and customers. Any domain that involves sparse or sampled data has exposure to potential bias. In this vision paper, we argue that FAT properties must be considered as database system issues, further upstream in the data science lifecycle: bias in source data goes unnoticed, and bias may be introduced during pre-processing (fairness), spurious correlations lead to reproducibility problems (accountability), and assumptions made during pre-processing have invisible but significant effects on decisions (transparency). As machine learning methods continue to be applied broadly by non-experts, the potential for misuse increases. We see a need for a data sharing and collaborative analytics platform with features to encourage (and in some cases, enforce) best practices at all stages of the data science lifecycle. We describe features of such a platform, which we term Fides, in the context of of urban analytics, outlining a systems research agenda in responsible data science.

Critics have generally downplayed the dramatic importance of music in Much Ado About Nothing in comparison to other of Shakespeare's plays, especially the later comedies and romances, yet in Shakespeare's most punning play, figurative references to music are central. In Benedick's response to Balthasar's song in act 2 scene 3 – “Is it not strange that sheep's guts should hale souls out of men's bodies” – is a pun that is buried deep enough to be overlooked by modern readers but would not have been inaccessible to the attentive and learned member of Shakespeare's original audience. In this central scene, etymological and cultural associations of music with faith/faithlessness and harmony/discord establish a thematic framework for Benedick's emergence as the agent of fidelity and social harmony in opposition Don John, the agent of discord. This essay begins by establishing Benedick's pun on fidēs (a gut-string for a musical instrument) and fides (faith, loyalty) and its association with a related term, nerv...

Historically, some Catholic readers have been suspicious of Kierkegaard's writings; viewing him as an irrational Protestant irreconcilably at odds with Catholic thought. Nevertheless, the unexpected yet favorable mention of Kierkegaard in John Paul II's Fides et Ratio is an indication that Kierkegaard's writings are not so easily dismissed. One may be justified in asking: what account can be given to explain such a shift in how the Catholic reception of Kierkegaard changes from a polemical rejection to a papal endorsement during the 20th century? In this review essay, I will explore some recent Kierkegaard research that provides – or at least, provides some of the groundwork for – a positive ‘Catholic’ reading of Kierkegaard. Space does not permit an exhaustive exposition of each book, so I will highlight the salient features of each to underscore a new trend that is emerging in Kierkegaard studies.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the PISTIS project, mainly focused on the reliability of emerging technologies involved in electronic systems. PISTIS is a French acronym, meaning faith, trust and confidence, from the Greek origin. Managing the reliability risk is a big challenge in rugged environments. PISTIS is linked to FIDES, a guide allowing reliability prediction of electronic systems. Results from in-service study presented in this paper show the accordance between FIDES predictions and reliability observed. This confirmed the interest to complete FIDES models by taking into account intrinsic wear-out effects limiting the operating lifetime. The PISTIS project started in 2015. Depending on the technologies and their main failure mechanisms, different long-term test processes are set up to evaluate the wear-out effects. To be able to construct reliability prediction models taking into account these effects, the stress level of reliability tests need to be close to the actual extreme use conditions and mission profiles in which electronic equipment are used.

Mirum and fides. Wonder vs. credibility in Ovid’s exilic works. It is well known by critics that in Ovid’s Metamorphoses a crucial aspect of the narrative is represented by the narrator’s tendency to mark the miraculous, astonishing, and thus incredible side of the stories he tells: the infinite number of tales narrated through the poem sets the reader in front of a series of miracula, whose unbelievable character is constantly emphasized. It is worth noticing that in his elegies from exile Ovid does not seem to lose his interest in the mirum : in the Tristia and the Epistulae ex Ponto , the descriptions of Tomis and its surroundings (the remote Pontic locality where the poet was banished) concentrate upon those elements which cannot but sound incredible to the Roman audience. The exile’s purpose, in fact, is that of making his readers sensible to his bad condition, so that they can decide to bring him their help; this practical aim, which lies at the heart of Ovid’s exilic output as a whole, finds expression in a hyperbolical and ‘spectacular’ representation of the Pontic reality: in Tomis the exiled poet faces risks rare to find elsewhere and experiences phenomena that seem quite unnatural – and difficult to believe. Through such a representation the poet wants to show his friends and readers (not least, the emperor) that the place where he now lives is the ‘worst of all possible worlds’, a place where adynata become real and the standard laws of nature are not followed; but such an account of the Pontic reality can easily lack credibility, thus invalidating the poet’s persuasive efforts – something Ovid is well aware of. It is therefore interesting to see how the poet faces the problem of his own truthfulness ( fides ), an issue that is taken into consideration up to the last of Ovid’s collections. edoardo.galfre@sns.it

November 2012 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the first publication of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novella Odin den Ivana Denisovicha (One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich) in the Moscow journal Novyi mir. In this article, Andrew Wachtel considers Solzhenitsyn's pathbreaking work in its original publication context. It examines the editorial preface and the two orthodox contemporary works of Soviet socialist realism the editor chose as bookends for One Day, illustrating the ways in which the surrounding literary context serves to emphasize the socialist realist bona fides of the then unknown Solzhenitsyn. The intertextual links connecting One Day with the works that surround it help to demonstrate that at this point in his career, far from being a dissident, Solzhenitsyn could plausibly be read as an appropriate, albeit unusual, representative of official Soviet literature.

This article examines a case study in Silius Italicus’ Punica using two distinct but complementary approaches to Flavian epic intertextuality: a methodological move to expand and further incorporate computational tools within philology, and a literary theoretical move to combine intertextuality and thematic interpretation. The case study focuses on the debates in the Carthaginian senate described in Punica 2 and 11, both of which Silius adapts from similar scenes in Livy while also drawing on Vergil’s Aeneid. Part 1 of the essay introduces a new tool for finding a range of inexact verbal parallels based on a bioinformatics technique known as sequence alignment. After comparing the method with two other computational tools, Diogenes and Tesserae, we assess our tool’s ability to detect intertexts in the Punica already noted in traditional scholarship. We then analyse a series of computationally identified parallels that have not been commented on previously and find that all three tools can reveal morphologically and syntactically similar phrases of apparent literary interest. Part 2 focuses on a feature of Silius’ triangulation of Livy and Vergil, the characterisation of the Carthaginian senator Hanno. Through allusions to Vergil’s Drances, Silius turns Hanno from a shrewd judge of Roman character and strength, as he appears in Livy, into a far more ambivalent, Quisling-like figure. Moreover, the effect of blending the two sources is to make more porous the distinctions between nationalities and other categories that structure the reader’s response to Hanno and to the Punica as a whole. In concluding, we suggest that the context in which these literary interactions take place - diplomacy and debate - itself figures the kind of negotiation taking place at a textual level between the various works and their worldviews. The conclusion unifies the methodological and theoretical parts of the essay under the rubric of “triangulation”, in part by drawing on the application of the term in the philosophy of Donald Davidson.

In terms of globalized economy, the integration trade cooperation process between state institutions, international organizations, and business entities are being followed by a dynamism regarding creation, modification, and termination of relations through the contracts which are now more standardized. Good business practices offered a good experience in terms of solving disputes on business transactions, local or international, security, efficiency and speed of trialing are enforced only if this issue is foreseen and contracted with special courts of arbitration. The role of arbitration on international trade, before all it is not only the solution of disputes. The arbitration has its mission before itself to build a fair trading practice and legal – business principle – bona fides. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n1p31

The article aims to identify the philosophical digressions in Philippo Beroaldo’s encyclopaedic commentary, and to understand them in view of the author’s general approach to Apuleius’ Golden Ass . As Beroaldo deliberately abstains from writing a philosophical commentary, it is no surprise that he gives merely a historical (and yet personally coloured) survey of the tale of Cupid and Psyche and its tradition of various moralistic, religious, and philosophical interpretations. For him, Apuleius’ text is principally a moral allegory. On the other hand, the subject of Book 11 (the so-called Book of Isis), centred around Lucius’ spiritual as well as physical transformation, leads him to topics which he necessarily approaches as an erudite of his era, heavily influenced by the Christian Neoplatonism. His commentary on some passages of truly mystical character evinces an ambiguity attested at the very beginning, where Beroaldo, apart from the generally accepted moralistic interpretation, briefly mentions another way of reading the text: reading it as veiled Pythagorean and Platonic doctrines of the regeneration and transmigration of the soul. Indeed, Beroaldo’s interest in Pythagorean philosophy and its classical proponents is also evident in some of his other works, and the Commentary lacks no hints of these secret doctrines, which spring up quite unexpectedly sometimes. Even more surprising is Beroaldo’s reserve, once he broaches this subject, protected by what he terms fides silentii . He cherishes this expression to the point which makes us wonder whether his commentary merely reflects the encyclopaedic rigour of a teacher, eager to present a text from all points of view, or displays the emulous thought of a kindred spirit (a point made in some modern studies), restrained from saying more. Indeed, Beroaldo’s interpretation of the goddess Isis figure as an ancient manifestation of the one God corroborates the latter assumption. Also remarkable is the fact that every mystical interpretation is quickly checked by a more accessible moralistic explanation, as if Beroaldo preferred to read the secret message, which was not to be – and was not – divulged by Apuleius, through ethical spectacles, and thus followed as closely as possible the example of ‘his Lucius’.

Generally speaking, the judicial proceedings spawned by the corruption of the 1919 World Series are not accurately related or well understood in the Black Sox canon. In a forthcoming book to be published by McFarland, the writer will attempt to remedy this situation by offering a comprehensive, non-partisan factual account of Black Sox- related grand jury proceedings, the Black Sox criminal trial, and ensuing civil litigation involving scandal principals. Legal analysis will also be provided on certain aspects of these actions. This article is drawn from that work and recounts events attending late-September 1920 grand jury hearings, focusing on a four-day period when the simmering Black Sox scandal finally exploded. An introductory summary of preceding scandal developments is designed to place the article's narrative in perspective.Preceding Scandal DevelopmentsSuspicions about the bona fides of Chisox play were raised in post-1919 World Series columns by syndicated sportswriter Hugh F. Fullerton and a few other scribes.1 But for the most part, sportswriter concerns did not generate great public interest and the matter had become mostly forgotten by the time that the 1920 season commenced. Rather, the exposure of the Black Sox scandal was largely a byproduct of investigation of an altogether different Chicago baseball contretemps: the alleged fixing of a meaningless August 31, 1920 game between the Cubs and the Philadelphia Phillies. Shortly after the existence of an internal investigation of the contest was revealed by Cubs President William L. Veeck, Sr., the judiciary stepped in. On September 7, 1920, the suspect game was brought to the attention of a Cook County grand jury by Illinois Circuit Court Judge Charles A. McDonald, newly appointed chief justice of the local criminal courts and an avid Chicago baseball fan.2 In time, the scope of the grand jury's probe expanded into other matters: game-related skullduggery attributed to Hal Chase, the operation of baseball betting pools in the greater Chicago area, and the rumored fixing of the 1919 World Series.Early proceedings were slow-moving and unfocused but gathered steam following testimony about the alleged Series fix from White Sox owner Charles Comiskey, Chicago Tribune sportswriter James Crusinberry, and New York Giants pitcher and Chase teammate Rube Benton, all of which was immediately leaked to the press. Probe developments were also supplied by lead grand jury prosecutor Hartley Replogle and grand jury foreman Henry H. Brigham, both of whom spoke openly about matters revealed during the proceedings. All of this was highly irregular, if not unlawful. By statute and case law, grand jury proceedings are strictly confidential and proceeding principals, like the prosecutor and panel members, take an oath to keep grand jury testimony and other proof secret.3 Stranger still, this disregard of grand jury protocol appeared countenanced by Judge McDonald. According to one report, "officials of Chief Justice Charles McDonald's court, desirous of giving the national game the benefit of publicity in its purging, lifted the curtain on the grand jury proceeding." 4 By September 25, the transparency of grand jury proceedings permitted press publication of the names of eight White Sox players believed targeted for indictment- Eddie Cicotte, Chick Gandil, Lefty Williams, Swede Risberg, Happy Felsch, Joe Jackson, Fred McMullin, and Buck Weaver-and the nature of the charge likely to be preferred against them: conspiracy to defraud.5 But details of the series fix as well as the roles of the accused players in it remained unsettled. That would change two days later, for in Philadelphia, a figure from baseball's margins was giving the interview that would blow open the corruption of the 1919 World Series.Publication of the Billy Maharg StoryOn September 27, 1920, sportswriter James Isaminger provided readers of the Philadelphia North American with the first insider's account of the abasement of the 1919 Series. …

In this paper I argue that Statius's description of a necklace made by Vulcan in book 2 of the Thebaid alludes at several points to the Orphic Theogony. (1) Drawing on Charles McNelis's (2007, 11-2, 75) suggestive theory that Statius enacts in the Thebaid a conflict between traditional epic and Callimachean poetics, I postulate that these Orphic allusions allow us to read Vulcan's necklace itself as constituting a 'poem' charged with the language of Callimachean aesthetics and of Orphic-influenced poetics. Epic ekphrases frequently comment upon the narrative of which they are a part by using visual language both to emphasize elements of the main narrative and to allude to other exemplary narratives and discourses. (2) Homer's Shield of Achilles, for instance, may be understood as emphasizing the universal nature of the story of Achilles' anger by depicting visually the entire universe on the shield. (3) On the other hand, Vergil's Temple of Juno in Carthage exemplifies the different ways of interpreting the Homeric past and the Roman future. (4) I intend to show that Statius's necklace description engages in a similar kind of commentary by providing a complex meditation on the aesthetics of genre in general and more specifically on different types of epic narrative. The context of the necklace description is the impending marriage of Polynices to Argia, daughter of Adrastus, king of Argos and soon to be Polynices' main ally in the war against Thebes. We are told that Polynices gives to his new bride a necklace that had been owned by Polynices' ancestress Harmonia. We are then informed that the necklace was made by Vulcan as a tool of revenge against his adulterous wife Venus (Harmonia being the offspring of her relationship with Mars): Lemnius haec, ut prisca fides, Mavortia longum furta dolens, capto postquam nil obstat amori poena nee ultrices castigavere catenae, Harmoniae dotale decus sub luce iugali struxerat. (Theb. 2.269-73) Now the Lemnian, as the ancient belief was, for a long time chagrined by Mars' intrigue, when punishment proved in no way an obstacle to the affair he had detected and the avenging chains did not mend matters, had created for Harmonia a lovely wedding-gift against the day of her marriage. (Translation Ritchie and Hall) The allusion here to the adultery of Mars and Venus, perhaps to the specific version of the story given in Odyssey 8, (5) serves as an acknowledgment of Vergil's tongue-in-cheek handling of the Venus-Vulcan scene in Aeneid 8. In his remake of Thetis's supplication of Hephaestus in Iliad 18, Vergil portrays Venus as having to seduce her husband Vulcan in order to obtain weapons for her illegitimate son Aeneas. (6) Statius appropriates the workshop scene and (proleptically) depicts Vulcan avenging himself on Venus for her adulteries. Statius then goes on to list the craftsmen involved in the creation of the necklace: the Cyclopes, the Telchines, and Vulcan himself: hoc, docti quamquam maiora, laborant Cyclopes, notique operum Telchines arnica certatim iuvere manu; sed plurimus ipsi sudor. (Theb. 2.273-76) Over this gift the Cyclopes, though trained to more weighty tasks, labor and the Telchines famed for their craftsmanship helped in a friendly contest of skill; most effort, though, was expended by himself. (Translation Ritchie and Hall) This is a densely intertextual and metapoetic passage (see below); for now, it suffices to notice the addition of the Telchines to the workshop scene. In Homer and Vergil, Hephaestus/Vulcan works only with the Cyclopes. Statius adds the Telchines, a group of daimones and craftsmen, to the list of workers. (7) Next comes a description of the actual object: ibi arcano florentes igne zmaragdos cingit et infaustas percussum adamanta figuras Gorgoneosque orbes Siculaque incude relictos fulminis extremi cineres viridumque draconum lucentes a fronte iubas; hie flebile germen Hesperidum et dirum Phrixei velleris aurum; turn varias pestes raptumque interplicat atro Tisiphones de crine ducem, et quae pessima ceston vis probat; haec circum spumis lunaribus unguit callidus atque hilari perfundit cuncta veneno. …

Though the obvious understanding of Thomas More’s Epigrammata, initially published with the 1518 edition of Utopia, is that of the poetic portfolio of a rising statesman, the intensity of the proceeding dispute with the French poet Brixius indicates a significance beyond the poems at hand. As his letter in response to Brixius explains, More writes with a particular concern for the plight of poetry and the character of the poet. Though he criticizes Brixius for cheap imitation of the ancients, he adapts and composes lines capable of containing both the mockery and the moralizing of his Latin and Greek predecessors. While it is undoubtedly More’s wit that commends his collection to his contemporaries, it is his commitment to truth that proves transformative in the development of the Renaissance epigram. These often-neglected poems and their commitment to laughter and learning may inform our understanding of the author and his ever-celebrated works.

“Ha, this book … banal and pathological and frantic and divine, my written unconscious.” This article provides the historical background and psychological context necessary to orient the reader of The Red Book, the recently published facsimile of the calligraphic rendition of C. G. Jung's encounter with the unconscious. The essay amplifies and interprets the basic themes and images of the prologue to The Red Book. The prologue, “The Way of What Is to Come,” is an attempt on Jung's part to establish his bona fides, first to himself, and then, to the sympathetic reader with respect to two issues: (1) that he is not insane; and (2) that his unconscious has a capacity for prophetic insight. The outbreak of World War I in August 1914 confirmed the validity of Jung's prophetic visions. The external events convinced him that his premonition concerning the constellation of a new God image also had historical validity and was not merely a compensatory activation of the archetype of the Self addressing the disorien...

The failure rate of an example avionics control unit with approximately 7000 electronic components is calculated with the latest state-of-the-art prediction models FIDES Guide 2004 and RIAC-Handbook-217Plus (2006). To allow comparison of the component prediction models a standard civil avionics profile was defined and used for both calculations. Results are compared supported by analysis of the influence of component and application specific parameters such as temperature, temperature cycles, humidity, and vibration. In addition predicted failure rates are compared to field data that has been collected for this unit during 15 years.

We propose a secure platform on a chip multiprocessor, FIDES, in order to enable next generation mobile terminals to execute downloaded native applications for Linux. Its most important feature is the higher security based on multigrained separation mechanisms. Four new technologies support the FIDES platform: bus filter logic, XIP kernels, policy separation, and dynamic access control. With these technologies, the FIDES platform can tolerate both application-level and kernel-level bugs on an actual download subsystem. Thus, the best-suited platform to secure next generation mobile terminals is FIDES.

This chapter offers a discussion of Walter Lippmann, the renowned columnist and public intellectual who was a prolific commentator on American politics for over half a century. Although he made his mark primarily as a journalist, he wrote several notable books that proved his bona fides as a political philosopher. At the outset of his career, he emerged as a progressive luminary with socialist sympathies. As his opinions on these matters evolved, Lippmann renounced socialism, and eventually, acquired a reputation as a liberal realist. An exemplar of pragmatic conservatism who saw radical tendencies on both the left and the right, he trusted in elites who would draw on the wisdom of the past and the experiences of the present and then pass sensible reforms in response to a changing world.

Deutsch1215 entscbied das vierte Laterankonzil in einer Kontroverse zwiscben Tbeologen und luristen uber die Pt1icbt zur Ruckerstattung. Diese etbiscbe Pt1icbt war nicbt durcbwegs recbtlicb anerkannt.Das berubte auf der Begrenzung dieser Ansprucbe, die die luristen aus dem Romischen Recht ableiteten (C. 7.39.3) und als longissimi temporis praescriptio bezeichneten. Ausgebend von der Uberlegung, dass ein Gesetz, das ohne Verderben fur die Seele nicht befolgt werden kann, korrigiert werden muss, fuhrte das Konzil die Regel ein, das s die Person, die im Besitz der Sache war, aucb nicbt wissen durfte, dass die fraglicbe Sacbe jemandem anderen gehorte. Die Konsequenzen fur die Praxis mogen gering gewesen sein, den n die Kanonisten stellten die Regel auf, die Unkenntnis des Besitzers nacb dreil3ig labren unangefochtener possession sei zu vermuten. Es war dann Sache der Gegenseite, also des Klagers, diese Vermutung zu widerlegen. Selbst wenn ausnahmsweise eine Vermutung des Gegenteils anzunebmen sein sollte, konnte der Beklagte, der sicb auf praescriptio berief, den Beweis seines guten Glaubens durcb Eid vermeiden, denn in diesem Fall ergab sicb die Vermutung seines guten Glaubens aus dem Zeitablauf und dem Titel (titulusi seines Besitzes EnglishIn 1215, tbe Fourtb Lateran Council settled a controversy between theologians and jurists witb regard to tbe duty to make restitution. Tbis moral duty was not always recognized at law because oftbe limitation of claims, wbicb tbe jurists derived from Roman Law (C. 7.39.3) and wbich tbey termed as longissimi temporis praescriptio. Hence, correcting a statute that cannot be observed witbout peril to one' soul, tbe council required that the person wbo prescribes, must not know at any time that tbe object belongs to someone else. Tbe effect in legal practice may bave been minor, for the canonists presumed the possessor 's ignorance after tbirty years of uncontested possession. It was to tbe otber party, tbe claimant, to disprove tbis presumption. Even if, by exception, tbere was a presumption to tbe contrary, the defendant invoking prescription could avoid proving bis good faitb by oath, for tbe presumtion then derived from tbe combination of the lapse oftime and a proper cause (titulus) ofbis possession

The Roman epic poets both react to and shape perceptions of civil war through a foundational nexus of associations between civil war, mass suicide, hostile divine intervention, and murder in the nuclear family. The first part of this paper briefly traces the epic tradition of representation of scenes of violence in the family. The major section of the paper focuses on a virtuoso set piece from Silius Italicus’ Punica, the mass suicide of the people of Saguntum led by the goddess Fides and the Fury Tisiphone. Silius displays considerable sophistication in adapting the themes of his predecessors, and creates a unique, fully independent conception of an exemplary historical event. I argue that Silius engages with the epic tradition of family violence, for the purposes of differentiating, in ascending order of generality:(a) his version of the Saguntine suicide, both from its own exemplary tradition and from family murder/suicide in other epics;(b) his representation of suicide and civil war from other epics; and(c) his mythicized history from the mythological epics of his contemporaries.

The difficulty in penetrating Islamist extremist terrorist cells provided the impetus behind the “Routes Project,” which is the focus of this issue of Connections. Terrorist cells, particularly those of Al Qaeda and like-minded groups, are difficult to penetrate for a number of reasons. First, Al Qaeda cells are usually well financed, and thus are not susceptible to bribery as a mechanism for gaining access. Second, Al Qaeda training methods prevent those who have not graduated from Al Qaeda camps or other modes of instruction from entering a cell’s inner circle. They do not have the correct bona fides and do not know the “secret handshake” that would ensure their trustworthiness. Third, “Al Qaeda is held together by bonds of friendship, kinship, and discipleship,” according to Nick Pratt of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. A person can speak the language, look the part, and know the culture, but if he remains an outsider and is not “known” by other Al Qaeda members, he will not be accepted. Fourth, Al Qaeda’s complicated cellular structure makes it difficult to effectively penetrate the organization. Its cells operate independently, and each cell leader knows only the person above him in the organization. In addition, one cell leader may command several groups, using one alias with one group and another with a different group, so that captured members of different cells will give interrogators different names. Finally, Islamist terrorist cells do not respond to Cold War-era cell penetration tactics. Bribery (mentioned previously) does not work, nor do drugs, alcohol, or sexual entrapment—penetration mainstays of the competition between the Soviet bloc and the West during the Cold War. The hypothesis of this project is simple: if terrorist cells resist direct penetration, the next best thing is to take an indirect approach by infiltrating groups that associate and interact with terrorist groups. Thus, the researchers involved in the “Routes Project” examined the linkages between and among terrorist groups and criminal cartels that traffic in drugs, weapons, and people. More specifically, identifying the nexus where terrorist groups converge was deemed most important. The following assumptions helped frame the project’s research

The proposed paper is in the framework of the “V-FIDES” project, aiming at developing a new generation of agile, long-endurance, multi-purpose Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for deep sea exploration. The project is co-funded by Tuscany Region (Italy) and is developed by a team lead by Finmeccanica — WASS (Whitehead Sistemi Subacquei, Livorno) with the participation of several partners, mainly located in Tuscany. This paper gives an overview on the preliminary project and on the design phase of the vehicle shape and structure, focusing on the novelty of the shape and of some technical solutions aimed to ensure high dynamic performances and exceptional shell strength.

The proposed work aims to describe the “V-FIDES” project, focused on developing a new generation of agile, over-actuated, long endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, for deep underwater exploration, operation and environmental monitoring. The project, co-funded by Tuscany Region (Italy), has been developed by a team lead by WASS S.p.A. (Whitehead Sistemi Subacquei, Livorno), with the participation of several partners including Kayser Italia S.r.l., Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, University of Pisa and other SMEs in the Tuscany area. This paper gives an overview of the developed general architecture of the vehicle and obtained results during the project.

There are good reasons why bona fides should be seen as a requirement for the acquisition of ownership through specificatio. Firstly, the specificator produces something new, a res aliqua, and is therefore given the right to incorporate the product in his property by occupatio. Secondly, if the specificator knew he was working with foreign raw material, and therefore knew that by his performance he was depriving the owner of the material of his property, the specificator would commit a furtum. A res nova, the origin of which is chained with a furtum, can never be res habilis. When balancing the respective interests of the specificator on the one hand and the owner of the material on the other hand, one finds that accepting bona fides of the specificator as a requirement for his acquisition of ownership is convenient to ensure both legal certainty and the free movement of goods.

The postmodern critique has rendered traditional justifications of the practice of research incredible. Further, the status of theological research, in which ‘the discovery of new facts’ or the like is at best ambiguous as an aim, must be under question. This article argues that the aim of theological research is to discover what life lived as if theological claims were true might look like.

This paper argues that a close reading of Tacitus Histories 1.12-49 is crucial for understanding the work as a whole, since this unit of narrative functions very much as a paradigm for the account of all the phases of the civil wars in 69. Throughout this section, Tacitus uses sententiae about fundamental themes concerning fides, amicitia, and adulatio to structure his account of Galba's fall and Otho's rise and to draw attention to issues that will become increasingly important in the subsequent phases of the civil war. Certain episodes, such as Galba's speech to his newly adopted heir Piso (Histories 1.15-16) are especially useful for articulating and foreshadowing the breakdown of traditional values among all groups involved in the struggle for power at Rome. At the same time, these episodes pick up on and develop central historiographical themes explored previously by Thucydides and Sallust. The paper focuses especially on the warping of fides and amicitia played out amongst Galba's own circle of disreputable advisors, comparing the account with Plutarch's version to bring out what is especially Tacitean about it.

NeuroGenesis is meant to be a feature that helps academic neurologists navigate a wide spectrum of issues that they face in their careers. It may seem to be a bit selfserving, then, for the Editor-in-Chief to take the podium first and focus the initial segments in this series on academic publishing. However, at most academic institutions, both in the USA and internationally, publication remains the coin of the realm. My own view is that the beating heart of academic neurology is teaching, which I think is the sine qua non for our profession. However, teaching must be interpreted broadly. We teach locally in a one-onone way at the bedside, and in small groups, or in larger lectures. Clearly as we teach in larger settings, the quality of the individual interactions is reduced, but if the teacher is effective, the number of students impacted is increased. The way to reach the largest number of potential learners is by publishing your work. It is remarkable and gratifying to have colleagues you have never met come up to you at a meeting and thank you for writing something that had an important impact on their lives and careers. In terms of judging academic careers, it is always much easier to quantify the contribution made by publications than that made by local teaching. I would argue that local teaching is at least as important and is the very lifeblood of an academic medical center. But it is still very difficult to measure the quality of local teaching, especially in the one-on-one and small group settings in which we really learn to be clinicians. For this reason, even for those who are expert and superb clinician–teachers, it is much easier to establish your bona fides for promotion if at least a substantial part of your activity is in academic publication. Of course, for those who engage in research as a major component of their careers, the only way to communicate results effectively is to publish them. Hence in virtually all academic promotions, publications play a major role. It could be argued that perhaps they play too large a role in the evaluation and promotion process, but few would argue that it is an area that a serious academic neurologist could afford to overlook. In this inaugural series of NeuroGenesis, we will cover 3 important topics in academic publishing. In future entries, I will discuss how to choose where to publish your work, and how to prepare your paper so it has the greatest chance of being accepted. In this issue, I will discuss something near and dear to the heart of all journal editors: the peer review process, and why it is so important for your own intellectual growth and academic career that you participate as a peer reviewer.

Brussels manuscripts B. R. 197 and 409 belong to a legendary compiled at Rouge-Cloitre in the third quarter of the 15th century. The compiler considered it useful to add another prologue of his own composition before the preface of the Legenda aurea (Brussels, B. R. 409, f. 4r-v). In fact it is a patchwork of hagiographic topoi (from the Passiones of Chrysanthus and Daria, of Fides, Spes and Caritas, and of Cecilia; from the Vita of Maria of Oignies) with the intention of justifying the reading and imitation of the acts of the saints.

In this article certain aspects of the following problems are discussed: Cicero’s controversial attitude to the Greeks; the traits of the Greek national character as portrayed in Cicero’s works, as well as Cicero’s ambivalent appreciation of the Greek art and literature. The principle of odi et amo clearly shows itself in Cicero’s attitude to the Greeks, both his contemporaries and the ancients, their art and literature. Cicero felt he owed an enormous debt to his Greek education, considering himself as an inheritor of their culture, and yet he denounced it at every opportunity and tried to emphasise the superiority of the Roman ancestors against the Greeks. He greatly appreciated Greek literature and yet he wished he could manage without it, because the Greek literary standards made him aware of what Roman literature should be. The main national traits ascribed to the Greeks in Cicero’s speeches ant letters are the lack of trustworthiness ( fides ), unreliability ( levitas ), and vanity ( vanitas ) as opposed to the Roman dignity ( dignitas ) and gravity ( gravitas ). We argue that in evaluating Cicero’s attitude to the Greeks it is especially important to take into account the genre of those Cicero’s works from which we derive our knowledge about his views. His speeches as well as his treatises are intended for the public audience, so the author tries to portray himself in accordance with the public expectations, while his private correspondence, especially the letters to Atticus, reveals his personal views, not restricted by the public opinion. As we have shown in this article, in his speeches Cicero tries to conceal his expertise in the Greek art and literature, as this would not fit his Roman dignity. On the other hand, in his private life, as it appears from his letters to Atticus, he eagerly seeks pieces of Greek art to decorate his villas. This seeming inconsistency of Cicero’s views, however, can be partly explained as follows. It is to be borne in mind that Cicero’s criterion for the selection of the Greek statues is neither their artistic value nor the renown of the sculptor, but their suitability for the particular place they are intended to decorate. This principle of suitability for the purpose ( decorum, aptum, pV#pon ) is also claimed by Cicero to be one of the fundamentals of the art of rhetoric (Cic. Or. 70; De orat . III. 210). In another words, the selection and the functional application of the Greek pieces of art in his villas have the purpose to reveal the same Roman dignity, which Cicero declares in his speeches.

Reliability prediction calculations usually take place in the first phases of the design process. These calculations are performed to verify that the chosen architecture will achieve reliability goals to identify the critical components for reliability and to evaluate the effect of the operating conditions on the failure rate of the components and, if necessary, to establish the renewal rate necessary for operational condition maintenance. Two reliability prediction handbooks are widely used as standards in the electronics industry: the MIL HDBK 217F and the UTE C 80-810. These manuals which are based on statistical assessments of field returns are no longer updated. The French Ministry of Defense (Direction Generale pour l’Armement, DGA) encouraged a consortium of French companies in January 2004 to develop a more precise reliability handbook: the FIDES guide. This manual is updated periodically in order to cover technological evolutions to extend its scope and to include any improvements. The most recent version is the FIDES 2009, which is recognized as the UTE C 80-811 standard. A precise and inclusive definition of the life profile, such as the operating conditions and environmental stresses of systems, has made it unique. Finally, the predictive models developed for the various families of components follow the state of the art as technologies evolve. In this chapter, FIDES is applied to predict the reliability of an embedded automotive mechatronic system.

When Constantine first entered Rome after his defeat of Maxentius in October 312, he encountered a rich and complex Christian community and a bishop whose position was precarious. Centuries of growth and a long religious peace had resulted in the development of a large number of locally based communities in Rome with their own centres of worship - the tituli. Constantine needed to convince these communities of his bona fides as a Christian emperor. The bishop of Rome, Miltiades, was the ruler of a relatively newly unified see, recently fractured by persecution and controversy. Miltiades' relative weakness was to Constantine's political advantage, especially since it made him eager to receive the vast ocean of generosity which Constantine began to pour into the Roman Church. The particular and immediate beneficiary of this generosity was the bishop, who gained a vast and lavishly appointed cathedral, and a palace to go with it.

While the prologue of Plautus’ comedy Rudens suggests that it is meant exclusively to edify its audience, the text itself reveals that edification is neither its only nor its main purpose. The prologue fosters expectations about the content, highlighting such concepts as pietas and fides , encouraging spectators to strive for these qualities, and warning them that villainous actions will be reported to Jupiter, who is to judge them again (“iterum … rem iudicatam iudicat”). The comedy features individuals who act in accordance with pietas and fides , as well as those who undermine them. The positive values are represented by the old man, Daemones, and his daughter Palaestra, who regain their lost identities precisely through their virtues. Their foil is the leno Labrax, the only character whose identity seems to admit no doubt, being determined by convention as well as discussed by the other characters. The play thus operates at the level of two systems, cause and effect versus convention: the former is personified by Jupiter, an invisible deity represented by the star Arcturus, while the latter emerges through metatheatrical comments on the characters and the action. Both systems are controlled by the author and exploited for a comic effect. Significantly, the choice of setting hardly suits a comedy; Palaestra’s name, alluding to her trade, is at variance with her pious real nature; there are admixtures of tragic elements, etc. (It is noteworthy that Palaestra is never referred to by name after the discovery of her true identity: the last mention occurs in her father Daemones’ line (1364): “Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventast mea.”). The message of the prologue is refuted: Labrax, who should be destroyed according to the prologue, endures. Rather than judge his characters’ actions, the author distances himself from asserting moral messages, “iterum ille (sc. Iuppiter) eam rem iudicatam iudicat” (19): the only binding judgements are pronounced by Jupiter, who is to judge again what has already been judged. But since Jupiter does not appear in this comedy, the responsibility for making moral judgements is thus foisted on a deity who will decide on them later and outside the play. The precise setting of the judgement is given in lines 1249–1253: “Spectavi ego pridem comicos ad istunc modum / sapienter dicta dicere atque eis plaudier, / cum illos sapientis mores monstrabant poplo: / sed cum inde suam quisque ibant divorsi domum, / nullus erat illo pacto, ut illi iusserant.” These lines are crucial for understanding the piece as they call attention to the characters’ awareness of their play – a play for which the author alone is responsible. It is the author who holds all the strings and determines both content and form. All characters, all content are merely and exclusively in the service of the play. The play is paramount, the message peripheral. While the prologue exhorts spectators to such Roman virtues as pietas and fides , a character’s words in the course of the play suggest that everything addressed in the comedy is relative: the weight attached to the utterances rests, in the final analysis, with the spectator.

Participatory sensing (PS) has recently attracted tremendous attention given its potential for a wide variety of sensing applications. Due to the fact that PS systems rely completely on the data provided by the users, incentivizing users' active participation while guaranteeing data reliability is paramount to effectively employ PS systems in practical scenarios. In this paper, we first define a set of attacks which compromise data reliability of existing PS applications. Next, we propose a scalable and secure trust-based framework, called FIDES, which relies on the concept of mobile security agents (MSAs) and Josang's trust model to rule out incorrect reports and reward reliable users. By simulating the FIDES framework on mobility traces of taxi cabs in San Francisco, we demonstrate that FIDES secures the PS system from the proposed attacks, guarantees high data reliability, and saves significant amount of revenue with respect to existing reward mechanisms.

God, and not the Bible as such, is the church's primary authority. Jesus of Nazareth is the manifestation of God in history. In a post-Aufkllirung environment one cannot escape the demand to think historically. To discern what could be seen as the "ground" offaith, one needs to distinguish the "proclaiming Jesus" from the "proclaimed Jesus", though these two aspects are dialectically intertwined. This dialeclic can be described as the "Jesus kerygma" or the "cause of Jesus". The aim of this article is to argue that if Christians focus only on the church's kerygma they base their ultimate trust upon assertions of faith, rather than upon the cause of faith. The dictum that the cause of Jesus is the canon behind the canon is explained in terms of the distinction between ''fides qua creditur" and "fides quae creditur", and postmodern historical Jesus research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ANTONY AUGOUSTAKIS Introduction. Between Greece and Italy: Flavian Poetry and Its Traditions I. FLAVIAN LITERATURE AND GREEK INTERTEXTS 1. ARIANNA SACERDOTI Quis magna tuenti somnus? Scenes of Sleeplessness (and Intertextuality) in Flavian Poetry II. VALERIUS FLACCUS 2. DARCY KRASNE When the Argo Met the Argo: Poetic Destruction in Valerius' Argonautica 3. CRISTIANO CASTELLETTI Aratus and the Aratean Tradition in Valerius' Argonautica 4. SIMONE FINKMANN Collective Speech and Silence in the Argonautica of Apollonius and Valerius 5. MARCO VAN DER SCHUUR Conflating Funerals: The Deaths of Idmon and Tiphys in Valerius' Argonautica 6. CAREY SEAL Civil War and the Apollonian Model in Valerius' Argonautica 7. DANIELA GALLI Dionysius Scytobrachion's Argonautica and Valerius 8. IRENE MITOUSI Valerius' Argonautica as an Ideological Epic of the Flavian era III. STATIUS 9. JORN SOERINK Tragic / Epic: Statius' Thebaid and Euripides' Hypsipyle 10. JEAN-MICHEL HULLS Greek Author, Greek Past: Statius, Athens, and the Tragic Self 11. FEDERICA BESSONE Polis, Court, Empire: Greek Culture, Roman Society, and the System of Genres in Statius' poetry 12. PAVLOS SFYROERAS Like Purple on Ivory: A Homeric Simile in Statius' Achilleid IV. SILIUS ITALICUS 13. EVANGELOS KARAKASIS Homeric Receptions in Flavian Epic: Intertextual Characterization in Punica 7 14. R. JOY LITTLEWOOD Loyalty and the Lyre: Constructions of Fides in Hannibal's Capuan Banquets 15. MICHIEL VAN DER KEUR meruit deus esse uideri: Silius' Homer in Homer's Punica 13 16. MARCO FUCECCHI The Philosophy of Power: Greek Literary Tradition and Silius' On Kingship V. MARTIAL 17. MARGOT NEGER 'Graece numquid' ait 'poeta nescis?' Martial and the Greek Epigrammatic Tradition 18. ROBERT COWAN Fingering Cestos: Martial's Catullus' Callimachus 19. ANA MARIA LOIO Inheriting Speech: Talking Books Come To Flavian Rome BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX INDEX LOCORUM