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Rendering transport behaviours more sustainable is a pressing issue of our times. In this paper, we rely on the deep penetration of mobile phones in order to influence citizens’ behavior through data-driven mobility and persuasive profiles. Our proposed approach aims to nudge users on a personalized level in order to change their mobility behavior and make more sustainable choices. To achieve our goal, first we leverage pervasive mobile sensing to uncover users’ mobility patterns and use of transportation modes. Second, we construct users’ persuadability profiles by considering their personality and mobility behavior. With the use of the aforementioned information we generate personalized interventions that nudge users to adopt sustainable transportation habits. These interventions rely on persuasive technologies and are embedded in a route planning application for smartphones. A pilot study with 30 participants using the system for 6 weeks provided fairly positive evaluation results in terms of the acceptance of our approach and revealed instances of behavioural change.

The mobility landscape has changed over the last years with the advent of innovative transportation solutions which are being constantly deployed whereas more are set to emerge in the near future such as autonomous vehicles and flying taxis. In this landscape a new mobility paradigm has come to the forefront during the last years through Mobility as a Service (MaaS). This refers to a seamless integration of various forms of transport services accessible through one single digital platform. The concept of MaaS is aligned with Smart mobility, one of main Smart City components which refers to smart manners of people and goods mobility through the integration of all transport modes, ICT solutions, zero pollution and congestions and so on [1]. A key enabler for MaaS is technology that can provide the means for complex mobility ecosystems to be integrated, while allowing diverse service providers and related stakeholders (e.g. payment management organizations) to perform transactions between each other (for booking, invoicing, payment, etc.) as well as interact with the traveler, acquire and exchange operational data, and process it into information that can be used to support MaaS related business processes. Such an ecosystem can be centrally coordinated when all participants in the value chain have the same understanding of what needs to be delivered and accept to follow a common approach, which can be proprietary, customized and aligned to vendor specific guidelines. As the MaaS ecosystem expands and the coordination of an increasing number of mobility solutions comes into play, the complexity can be such that new decentralized solutions are required. In this work in progress paper we discuss the role of blockchain technology for enabling seamless mobility for MaaS.

Sustainable mobility has received significant attention over the recent years due to the negative impact of peoples’ transportation habits on the environment and the society, especially in congested urban areas. In this paper, we present our approach for personalized persuasion aiming to nudge travelers to opt for sustainable mode choices. Our approach leverages persuadability profiles comprising of users’ personality and mobility type in order to identify the persuasive strategy that fits best to the user’s profile, and supports transportation decisions towards more environmental friendly routes, by providing targeted interventions in the form of persuasive messages integrated in a route planning application. A pilot study in the city of Vienna showed evidence that the application affects users’ mobility choices.

Current transportation practices are not sustainable as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector are increasing at a faster rate than any other energy using sector, especially in urban environments. Technology based behavioural change interventions towards adopting transportation habits that rely more on the use of public transportation, bicycles and walking and less on private cars can provide the means to reduce GHG emissions, mitigate the effects on the environment and improve the quality of life in urban areas. In this paper, we present our approach to support sustainable transportation decisions and nudge users to select more environmental friendly routes through a set of personalized persuasion services which are embedded in route planning applications. The proposed services leverage a multitude of relevant information elements including user profile characteristics and contextual information in order to nudge users to follow green transportation routes.

Recent approaches on tackling the problem of sustainable transportation involve persuasive systems and applications. These systems focus on changing citizens’ behavior towards adopting transportation habits that rely more on the use of public transportation, bicycles and walking and less on private cars. A main drawback of existing applications is the limited use or lack of personalization aspects that consider differences in users’ susceptibility to persuasive strategies. In this paper, we explore two user traits that can be used for personalizing the persuasive strategies applied to end users: personality and mobility type. More specifically, we present the results of a study where we examined the perceived persuadability of eight persuasive strategies on users of five personality types and three mobility types.

Part 4: Policy Formulation and Modelling; International audience; Reliable and timely information about current economic and environmental conditions is crucial for policy makers to take decisions and for steering agents’ expectations formation about the state of the economy. While the usefulness of monitoring expectations, opinions and sentiments of economic agents is undoubted, one can argue that existing indices are based on a selected number of surveys and a low monitoring frequency resulting in a partial view of more complex dynamics. In this paper we present a web based tool based on the concept of Information Markets that can be used to aggregate expectations on policy indices and provide accurate and timely information to policy makers and policy modellers.

We implemented a recommendation system that presents persuasive messages to commuters using a route planning application. Our aim is to nudge users towards following routes that are environmentally friendly with lower CO2 emissions than those they usually take. Our implementation leverages contextual information and transportation user profiles while the messages are defined based on a set of persuasive strategies. The recommender is integrated in a route planning application for android based smartphones and was used in a trial in the cities of Vienna and Dublin. Users' qualitative feedback showed that the feature was found interesting and provided insights for future improvements.

Communities within corporations can significantly contribute to innovation and the idea management process. The collection of ideas and aggregation of evaluation information from a community is a demanding task that requires the use of special methods. In this paper we explore the use of information aggregation markets (IAMs) in the fuzzy front-end of innovation. Furthermore, we identify and define a type of facilitation which we name 'market facilitation' and we assess its role in new idea generation at different levels of restrictiveness. The empirical results of a laboratory experiment indicate that IAMs enable the acquisition of more ideas than traditional brainstorming and of similar quality. Market facilitation forms entailing different levels of restrictiveness are found to affect the number and the quality of ideas acquired. As the level of market facilitation restrictiveness decreases, the number of acquired ideas increases and their quality deteriorates. To practitioners, our study provides empirical evidence on the advantages of IAMs over traditional electronic brainstorming as an alternative method for idea generation and evaluation.

Agents can exploit user-generated content available in social media by extracting user sentiments and assessments and using them to make informed transactions on the market.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the use of information aggregation markets (IAMs) for community‐based idea management and to present IDeM, a novel Internet‐based software tool that can be used for generating and evaluating new ideas utilizing the concept of IAMs.Design/methodology/approachStarting with a review of existing methods for collective intelligence, IAMs are identified as a prominent method for collective intelligence. Specific requirements for exploring IAMs for idea management are derived. Based on these requirements, a software tool for implementing IAMs in the context of idea management is developed (IDeM). IDeM has been evaluated and evaluation results are used to identify IDeM's benefits and limitations. A review of related work points out the innovative characteristics of IDeM.FindingsEvaluation results indicate that IAMs is an efficient method for idea generation and evaluation. Moreover IDeM is perceived both as easy to use and efficient in supporting idea generation and evaluation.Practical implicationsIDeM can be used by commercial or other organizations for supporting generation and evaluation of new ideas.Originality/valueIDeM's innovative aspects are: in addition to trading, it allows users involvement by means of new idea submission, rating of ideas and commenting on ideas; it confronts the uncertainty of new idea related events by offering an expert based valuation mechanism.; and it extends the typical output of IAM tools – which is price of idea‐stocks – by calculating the volume weighted average price.

Besides other popular strategies, such as feedback and (social) comparisons, challenges have been proposed and used to influence people’s behavior towards a targeted goal. However, only very limited data on the effectiveness of such approaches and how to best design them is available yet. In this work we report the findings of a two months field study analyzing the effectiveness and perception of challenges in the context of influencing personal mobility. Individual and collaborative approaches towards challenges were studied, and specific focus was laid on what aspect makes users willing to participate in these challenges. Our findings suggest that both individual and collaborative challenges have the potential to sustain the interest of users in using behavior change support systems, that collaborative and individual challenges seem to not attract different types of users, that individual challenges in general are preferred, and that challenges are only a useful means for a subset of users. Also, ICT-competence seems to be an important aspect of being willing to participate in electronically organized challenges.

Serendipity, the process of making fortunate discoveries for which someone was not looking for, plays a critical role in leveraging creativity and innovation. In this paper we propose a framework for facilitating serendipity in web information systems. We focus on three main technological areas which use the World Wide Web as a space for information seeking and knowledge creation: search, browse (navigation) and recommender systems. We argue that there are five factors that, individually and jointly, facilitate serendipity: novelty (or unexpectedness); diversity; personalization; visualization; and social collaboration. The paper reviews methods and techniques for each factor in each of the three technological areas and argues for a research agenda that addresses them in an effort to foster surprising discoveries and creative insights in the online world.

Serendipity, the process of making fortunate discoveries for which someone was not looking for, can play a crucial role in leveraging creativity in learning [1]. Serendipity enables creative connections to develop while it can have a role in revealing hidden connections or "hidden analogies", especially in a social context such as in most learning processes [2]. The results of a chance encounter can result in new ideas relevant to the learner's previous knowledge [3]. In previous work, we have reviewed the related literature and identified five enabling factors for serendipity [4]: diversity, unexpectedness or novelty, personalization, visualization, and social interaction. The aim of this paper is to construct an architectural framework based on the aforementioned factors that can be used as a guide in the development of information seeking systems aiming to leverage serendipity in learning.

Part 6: Innovative Technologies; International audience; Participatory governance entails converting citizens from passive users of administrative decisions into active participants of political procedures. Public institutions and organizations can benefit from methods and tools able to aggregate and interpret information dispersed among citizens. In this paper we explore the use of Information Aggregation Markets (IAMs) for citizen engagement. We identify the benefits of IAMs and explain how markets can be used to aggregate citizens’ opinions and views on policy issues. Furthermore we report on two real life cases where we deployed IAMs to assist the decision making processes of public organizations. The positive feedback from participants and decision makers provides empirical evidence on the benefits of IAMs as a method for engaging citizens in public policy decision making.

Collaborative systems and methods are used within corporate environments to support innovation and management of new ideas. The aggregation of innovation-related information from a community of users is a non-trivial task that requires the use of specialized collaborative systems and methods. In this paper we explore the use of Prediction Markets for community-based idea management and present IDEM, a software system that is used for generating and evaluating new ideas utilizing the concept of Prediction Markets. In addition to trading, IDEM supports users submit new ideas, rate and comment on them. Academic experiments and industrial pilots reveal the perceived usefulness of the system.

Several methods and software tools exist for evaluating new ideas in corporate environments, which provide significant help to decision makers when selecting the most promising suggestions for innovation. In this paper, we identify five criteria for assessing idea evaluation methods (number and type of ideas, number and motivation of evaluators, type of feedback) and we use them to review prominent methods (multi-criteria analysis, statistical analysis, qualitative research, rapid prototyping, feasibility studies and Information Aggregation Markets). We identify Information Aggregation Markets as a prominent new method and we present a novel system that implements the concept of Information Aggregation Markets as well as early results from its evaluation.

Collaborative systems and methods are used in companies to support innovation and management of new ideas. The aggregation of innovation-related information from a community of users is a non-trivial task that requires the use of specialized collaborative systems and methods. In this paper we explore the use of information aggregation markets (IAMs) for community-based idea management and present IDeM, a novel software system that is used for generating and evaluating new ideas utilizing the concept of IAMs.

In recent years, persuasive interventions for inducing sustainable mobility behaviours have become an active research field. This review paper systematically analyses existing approaches and prototype systems as well as field studies and describes and classifies the persuasive strategies used for changing behaviours in the domain of mobility and transport. We provide a review of 44 papers on persuasive technology for sustainable transportation aiming to (i) answer important questions regarding the effectiveness of persuasive technology for changing mobility behaviours, (ii) summarize and highlight trends in the technology design, research methods, strategies and theories, (iii) uncover limitations of existing approaches and applications, and (iv) suggest directions for future research.

The continuing growth of urbanisation poses a real threat to the operation of transportation services in large metropolitan areas around the world. As a response, several initiatives that promote public transport and active travelling have emerged in the last few years. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is one such initiative with the main goal being the provision of a holistic urban mobility solution through a single interface, the MaaS operator. The successful implementation of MaaS requires the support of a technology platform for travellers to fully benefit from the offered transport services. A central component of such a platform is a journey planner with the ability to provide trip options that efficiently integrate the different modes included in a MaaS scheme. This paper presents a heuristic that implements a scenario-based journey planner for users of MaaS. The proposed heuristic provides routes composed of different modes including private cars, public transport, bike-sharing, car-sharing and ride-hailing. The methodological approach for the generation of journeys is explained and its implementation using a microservices architecture is presented. The implemented system was trialled in two European cities and the analysis of user satisfaction results reveal good overall performance.