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Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) with coronary artery aneurysms (complex KD) presents relentless challenges for families. Psychosocial experiences and needs were explored. Method A descriptive, exploratory study of adolescents and parents using a needs survey and psychosocial instruments (anxiety, depression, and functional impairment). Results Fifty-one parents and 38 adolescents participated. Predominant interests were for information sheets, newsletters, Web sites, and phone applications. Gaps in disease-specific knowledge and awareness of coronary artery aneurysms between parents and adolescents were identified. Psychosocial concerns for adolescents included symptoms of anxiety (22%), depression (13%), and functional impairment (22%). Multivariable analyses indicated higher depression scores associated with longer travel distance from specialists (p = .04). Parent-reported social concerns for their adolescent were associated with higher anxiety (p = .005) and functional impairment (p = .005). Written commentary complemented the findings. Discussion Care protocols require psychosocial assessment/referral and the use of virtual platforms. The groundwork was laid for developing patient and family-centered strategies.

Background Research indicates that nurse navigators can play key roles in promoting empowerment for patients with cancer through advocacy, educational support, resource navigation, and psychosocial care. Objectives This study attempted to elucidate the efficacy of nurse navigation in patient knowledge, care coordination, and well-being before a breast oncology appointment. Methods Staff provided a nine-question survey to 50 newly referred patients before their initial appointment. After survey completion, patients had the option to participate in an open-ended interview about their experience. Findings A greater proportion of patients with initial nurse navigation than those without felt informed before their appointment and thought that their care was effectively coordinated. Although some patients without nurse navigation experienced delays and confusion in scheduling their appointment, no patients with nurse navigators reported such issues.

Background Delirium is a complex neurocognitive manifestation of an underlying medical or surgical abnormality such as substance abuse, infection, sepsis, or organ failure. A recognized risk factor for delirium is advanced age (age >65 years). The projected demographic changes over the next 2 decades suggest that the number of aging adults will grow dramatically, and emergency nurses will see an increasing number of older patients manifesting the wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with delirium. Method An examination of 5 commonly used delirium assessment tools was undertaken specific to clinical features, use, scoring, findings, advantages, and disadvantages. Findings Numerous factors contribute to the lack of effective delirium recognition. However, emergency nurses, with educational support, can successfully use the delirium assessment tools to recognize delirium. Conclusion Emergency nurses face challenges in recognizing delirium. One key challenge for many of these nurses is the appropriate use of assessment tools suitable for the ED setting.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of personality traits (agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, openness and extraversion) on entrepreneurial intention and to assess the mediating role of educational support on the relationships between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. A total of 1000 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kelantan (UiTMCK) were randomly selected. Questionnaire was distributed to various faculties such as the Faculty of Business & Management, Faculty of Accountancy, Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Science, and Faculty of Information Management and Art & Design. A total of 800 responses were collected and 753 of the responses were useable for the final analysis using the structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS 3.0). The findings revealed that agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, and extraversion have a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention but openness showed an insignificant influence. Besides, this study also found that educational support did not mediate the relationships between agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, openness and extraversion. Keywords: personality traits, entrepreneurial intention, educational support

In modern conditions, the development of agriculture is possible only with the availability of personnel who have a high professional level. The problem of attracting highly qualified specialists to the industry who are able to use the achieved scientific, technical and innovative potential of agricultural producers remains very urgent at the moment. Financial support from the state, stimulating payments, diversification of production, the emergence of digital technologies increase the prestige of work in agriculture, thereby making the agricultural sector attractive. The article assesses the formation of a complex of measures to organize a system of educational support for the agro-industrial complex on the materials of the Altai Territory. The authors disclosed the reasons for the «staff shortage» in the region’s agriculture, analyzed the financing of measures aimed at increasing the personnel potential of the agro-industrial complex of the region. The role of the Agrarian University and the Altai Institute for Advanced Studies in the training of highly qualified personnel for agriculture through state funding of educational programs is noted. Recommendations on the formation of staffing for innovation in the agro-industrial complex with the use of tools of comprehensive state support, which will improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the agrarian sector in the region, are proposed.

Purpose: A trauma-informed educational support group pilot addressed traumatic stress, substance use disorders (SUDs), and child-rearing for clients who were pregnant and/or parenting young children. Methods: Seeking Safety was adapted with parenting content and delivered at two intensive residential rehabilitation facilities. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the pilot. Forty-eight participants completed starting assessments (intention-to-treat) and 31 graduates completed postgroup surveys (per protocol). Focus group sessions were completed with 19 graduates. Results: Paired samples t tests of intention-to-treat data showed a statistically significant decrease in self-reported symptoms of stress and substance cravings and increases in positive behaviors and parenting self-efficacy. There were no statistically significant differences on lifestyle behaviors, parenting skill, and parenting confidence. Most participants found the intervention acceptable and felt supported to improve their parenting. Discussion: Trauma-informed parenting education support in inpatient rehabilitation settings may offer an important complement to existing SUD and parenting programming.

The number of newly diagnosed haematological malignancies in Polish adults and children is about 9,000 a year, which constitutes about 5.5% of all malignancies in the country. Adult patients with haematological malignancies are diagnosed and treated in 42 institutions in Poland. The scientific and educational support for this activity is provided under the umbrella of the Polish Society of Haematologists and Transfusiologists (PTHiT, Polskie Towarzystwo Hematologow i Transfuzjologow ), the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG), the Polish Lymphoma Research Group (PLRG), the Polish Myeloma Study Group (PMSG), the Polish Myeloma Consortium (PMC), and consultants in haematology. The aim of this position paper is to present the current status and progress in therapy of haematological malignancies in Polish haematology adult centres, focusing on the activity of PALG, PLRG, and PMSG. The achievements of Polish haemato-oncology at the beginning of the third decade of the 21 st century are set out in this paper. Polish haemato-oncology today has an important international position based on contributions to the development of knowledge, international cooperation, and a high quality of patient care. In many instances, clinical trials run by Polish collaborative groups have influenced international standards. Polish haematologists have been the authors of treatment recommendations, and their research has indicated areas for further research.

Background: Newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encounter many physical, mental, and social uncertainties. In other chronic diseases, patients having access to disease-specific information and psychological support adhere better to medical regimens. Currently, there is a paucity of data on how newly diagnosed patients with IBD interact with their medical providers. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IBD within 5 years completed a series of questionnaires related to heath-related quality of life (HRQoL), disease activity, health education resources, medical provider relationship, and psychological support. Results: A total of 89 patients were included in the study. IBD activity correlated with disease-specific quality of life (r=−0.69, p

Background: In Denmark, general practitioners (GPs) have the main responsibility for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. Internationally, COPD appears to be significantly under-treated, which could be explained by ‘therapeutic nihilism’ or lack of knowledge. Aim: To investigate: (1) To what extent COPD management provided by GPs includes the core elements of pharmacological treatment, smoking cessation and physical activity, and (2) To what extent GPs need educational support and consulting with a specialist in pulmonary medicine. Design: A national cross-sectional web-based survey conducted in April–June 2019. The survey included items on COPD management and educational support needs. Setting: Danish general practice. Subjects: A population of approximately 3400 GPs (all GPs in Denmark). Results: We received response from 470 GPs (14% response rate). Overall, the respondents reported that they offered COPD management including all relevant treatment elements. Smoking cessation was supported in 58% and physical activity was supported in 23% of the respondents. Future consultations on smoking cessation were planned by 35% and physical activity by 15% respondents. GPs responded to ‘needing educational support in COPD management’ to a ‘high degree’ in 8% and to ‘some degree’ in 43%. Conclusion: The survey suggested that COPD maintenance support provided by GPs seemed to be inadequate regarding smoking cessation and physical activity. Moreover, some GPs expressed a need for educational support in COPD management. More research is needed to understand the potential barriers to evidence-based delivery of COPD-management.Key points In Denmark, general practitioners (GPs) have the main responsibility for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study shows that non-pharmacological interventions such as supporting smoking cessation and particularly promoting physical activity received less attention than pharmacological treatment. The study suggests a need for educational support of the GPs in COPD management.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the Healthy Caregivers-Healthy Children (HC2) phase 1 (2011–2014) and 2 (2015–2018) child care center (CCC)-based obesity prevention intervention(s) on child dietary practices and body mass index percentile (PBMI) outcomes over 2 years. Phase 1 was implemented via a university-based research team, and phase 2 was delivered via a train-the-trainers approach (university-based research team trains preschool-based coaches, who in turn train CCC teachers to implement and disseminate HC2). METHODS: Phase 1 and 2 were both cluster randomized controlled trials of the HC2 obesity prevention intervention. Phase 1 was composed of 1224 children in 28 CCCs (12 intervention and 16 control). Phase 2 was composed of 825 children in 24 CCCs (12 intervention and 12 control). Both phases included CCCs serving low-resource, predominantly ethnic minority families. RESULTS: The mean rate of weekly fruit consumption significantly increased (β = 0.16, p = 0.001) in phase 1, whereas vegetable intake significantly increased (β = 0.16, p = 0.002) in phase 2 intervention CCCs. Fried (β = −0.36, p < 0.001), fast (β = −0.16, p = 0.001), and other unhealthy food (β = −0.57, p < 0.001) consumption significantly decreased in phase 1 only. The mean rate of snack food consumption significantly decreased in phase 2 (β = −0.97, p < 0.001). Mean child PBMI remained in the healthy range over 2 years for all groups in both study phases. CONCLUSION: A university-based research team implementation and dissemination approach seemed to be more effective than a train-the-trainers implementation method in improving dietary intake patterns. This finding suggests that CCCs may need robust educational support beyond their existing internal resources for long-term positive dietary intake pattern changes.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate current university admission rates and experiences of educational support among students with cochlear implants (CIs). Methods A prospective online survey was conducted to examine the university admission process and academic support for students with CIs. More than three years after the CI surgery, a total of 24 individuals who took the college entrance exams were included in the analysis. This study was conducted with an analysis of the online survey. The survey consisted of three topics (demographics, university admission process, and academic support) and 25 items regarding laws and policies related to university admission and support for students with hearing disabilities in Korea. Results The university matriculation rate for students with CI was 85.7%. In terms of the university admission process, 50% of the students were admitted through the special admission process for students with disabilities. Most universities provided teaching and learning support and rental services for assistive devices for students with disabilities to help them better adapt to their school life. However, only a small percentage of the students benefited from accommodation services, 62.5% and 12.5% of the students received teaching and learning support and used assistive devices, respectively. Conclusion . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the university admission process and university disability services available for students with CIs. The study results can be helpful for young CI recipients and their parents preparing for university entrance.

Tourist hotels in Busan have an average occupancy rate of 61% for the three-year period until 2018, and ADR is down. Due to COVID 19, most hotels in Busan are very difficult to manage. As a result of the study, it is necessary to analyze customers in order to increase the income of rooms and facilities and propose specialized marketing to attract foreigners. Hotels should strive for win-win growth among the hotel industry for increasing ADR. According to the status of each class, the room occupancy rate in second-class hotels is low, so it is necessary to understand the cause and to improve it. We need to increase the stay in Busan and build a tourism and transportation infrastructure that tourists can enjoy. It is necessary to provide educational support for manpower training and system improvement and administrative support, including hotel rating system. It is necessary to hold regular conferences for industry discussions, to have an integrated organization as a control tower, and to regulate, manage, and supervise pre-sale hotels.

In recent years, a new social phenomenon in youth participation has emerged in the Spanish Basque Country: the self-managed youth spaces known as lonjas (translated here as ‘clubs’), which are curr...

This study was conducted for the purpose of discovering deficiencies within education- related assistance projects of private organizations that provide educational programs for developing countries. Based on the dynamic graph and educational performance of the educational ODA of 11 private institution, the adequacy of the educational projects was analyzed in terms of the following four factors: ‘Improvement of educational environment and expansion of educational opportunities’, ‘Educational system competency’, ‘Competency of education recipients’ and ‘Community formation and social reform’. The analysis found that two institutions were conducting programs corresponding to 3 out of the 4 factors while the remaining nine were conducting programs to achieve two factors. That is, the 11 institutions were appropriately carrying out educational ODA projects. To further invigorate ODA, however, it was found that it will be necessary to reinforce ‘social reform’ through ‘educational system competency’ or ‘community formation.’ This study is meaningful in that as it used a methodology that had never been used before, and analyzed the educational ODA of private institutions.

Resumen Introducción. La obesidad infantil requiere una atención con programas multidisciplinarios que integren todas sus dimensiones. Objetivo. Describir los cambios clínicos y metabólicos en pacientes con obesidad después de su participación en un programa de atención integral en obesidad infantil. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y analítico retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes de 6 a 17 años de edad atendidos en el programa de obesidad del Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación (2012-2015), el cual incluyó la atención multidisciplinaria y una intervención educativa. Se evaluaron variables antropométricas y de laboratorio en el momento del ingreso al programa y en la última evaluación. Se exploraron las diferencias según el tiempo de seguimiento. Resultados. Se evaluaron 53 pacientes con una edad promedio de 11 ± 2 años, 52,8 % de los cuales eran hombres. El seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 18 ± 6 meses, aunque en el 30 % de ellos fue de 31 a 36 meses. Se encontró una disminución del índice de masa corporal (IMC; puntaje Z) entre el ingreso (2,75 ± 0,58) y el último control (2,32 ± 0,63) con un valor de p de 0,000 (IC95% 0,27-0,58). El 79,25 % de los pacientes redujo el puntaje Z del IMC. Esta disminución fue significativa independientemente del tiempo de seguimiento. La proporción de pacientes con un puntaje Z del IMC mayor de 3 pasó del 33,4 al 14,6 %. El número de criterios positivos para el síndrome metabólico disminuyó en el seguimiento. Los niveles de triglicéridos y de hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) mejoraron significativamente. Conclusiones. El manejo de la obesidad infantil con una intervención multidisciplinaria asociada a apoyo educativo grupal continuo puede influir significativamente en los cambios clínicos y metabólicos. Es necesario prolongar el tiempo de seguimiento para prevenir las recaídas. Abstract Introduction: The approach to childhood obesity requires multidisciplinary programs including all the dimensions susceptible to management. Objective: To describe the clinical and metabolic changes in patients with obesity after a comprehensive care program for childhood obesity. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study in a cohort of patients between 6 and 17 years old treated in the obesity program at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (2012-2015). We carried out multidisciplinary care and educational intervention. Anthropometric and laboratory variables were evaluated both at admission to the program and in the last evaluation and statistical differences were sought according to the follow-up time. Results: We evaluated 53 patients, of whom 52.8% were men, with an average age of 11 ± 2 years. The follow-up extended for 18 ± 6 months though 30% of the patients were followed for 31 to 36 months. There was a decrease in the BMI (Z score) between admission (2.75 ± 0.58 and the last control (2.32 ± 0.63) with a p-value of 0.000 (95% CI: 0.27 -0.58); 79.25% of the patients reduced the BMI Z score. This decrease was significant regardless of the follow-up time. The proportion of patients with a BMI Z score >3 decreased from 33.4% to 14.6%. The number of positive criteria for metabolic syndrome decreased in the follow-up. Triglycerides and HbA1c were the metabolic variables that improved significantly. Conclusions: The management of childhood obesity with an interdisciplinary intervention associated with continuous group educational support can significantly impact on clinical and metabolic changes. It is necessary to continue monitoring over time to prevent relapse.

In modern world, the educational support of social entrepreneurship is one of the most widely discussed topics. The development of social entrepreneurship in Russia today is becoming increasingly important and popular, being a special kind ofsocially oriented economic activities. Through educational support and wide media coverage of social entrepreneurship and specific social projects can involve a large number of people together who can make real breakthroughs and to contribute to the reform areas of public life.

Sepia is a tailor-made educational support system for adolescents who are unable to enrol in an institutional setting. Permanences and on-call duty make it possible to ensure the continuity of the follow-up wherever the young person is located. The relationship is shaped by informal meeting times in order to create a natural bond. This is possible thanks to the small number of supports assigned to each referent. Follow-up ends when the referent adult has become an adult whose words matter for the child.

AIM: The aim of this research was to explore clinicians' experiences of parents' online health information seeking (OHIS) behaviour about selective dorsal rhizotomy for the management of cerebral palsy. METHODS: Using qualitative methodology, clinicians likely to have had experience with parents requesting selective dorsal rhizotomy were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interviews with 13 clinicians were recorded, transcribed and inductive content analysis was used to identify, code and organise the data into themes. RESULTS: Participants highlighted how parental OHIS was changing clinical communication. Negative effects included a shift in clinicians' attention from giving advice and guidance to spending time discussing online findings, justifying how this information applies to a particular child and managing parents' judgments about clinical views. Positive effects included more collaboration and sharing of ideas. These results are presented in three main themes: (i) the informed parent; (ii) the clinicians' role; and (iii) a new clinical dynamic. CONCLUSION: This research reinforces the notion that OHIS is changing the communication dynamic and clinicians' and parents' roles within the clinical encounter. Of significance was the number of challenges clinicians are facing as a result of online information, including managing parental understanding of non-evidenced information and responding to negative feedback about their practice. This research suggests a need for educational support and ongoing professional development for clinicians to assist them to adjust to new goals and expectations of clinical interactions with 'informed' parents.

Canadian healthcare facilities are poised to benefit from the tools of precision health. To do so effectively, however, it is crucial that we align changes in how healthcare professionals are educated in order to ensure they have the skills, knowledge, and training to fully engage with its tools. Here, we propose that the design, development, and delivery of novel educational programs focused on precision health should be prioritized for healthcare professionals, and we suggest some essential curricular considerations to that end. Additionally, it is crucial to see engagement on the part of health leaders, who will ultimately be most responsible for managing the changing needs of frontline staff as the tools of precision health become increasingly available. By engaging directly with educators in establishing new programs for precision health, we can ensure that its promise is fully for healthcare facilities, practitioners, and patients.

This study was conducted to acquire the corporate companies’ perspectives on educational programmes under their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. It was found out that very little research on educational programmes conducted under CSR initiatives. The aims of the study; therefore, to identify the goals of CSR educational programmes initiatives in rural primary school, to highlight the impact of CSR educational programmes initiatives to the pupils and rural primary school from corporate perspectives; and; to highlight corporate companies’ suggestions in reaching out to more rural schools. Qualitative research method was chose by interviewing five corporate companies which were purposively selected. This exploratory study was analysed based on themes that emerged such as educational programmes goals, impact on pupils, impact on rural primary schools and concern from corporate companies. Findings revealed that the main educational programmes goal is to improve the educational achievement in school. This is by having motivational and team building programmes, educational support programmes, environmental programmes for pupils; training and development for teachers; and motivational talks for parents. Corporate companies stated that participated pupils in CSR educational programmes, have made teachers, school and their parents proud. It was due to improvements among participated pupils by achieving good and better grades in academics and gained self-confidence. Thus, schools were contented that the school ranking has improved. Corporate companies did express their concern on the sustainability of the programme once the educational programme ended. This study concluded that educational programmes under CSR initiatives have given good impact to pupils and schools but, there was no presence of educational programme sustainability in a long-term towards both pupils and school.

The purpose of this article was to consider the need for guidelines and consistent criteria for support and enrichment of students facing the transition from secondary school to tertiary education, and some of the challenges involved. The article’s narrow context is language and accounting; the wider context is challenges faced by most students and educators in the above key phases. Through a brief review of initiatives at two prominent universities in South Africa and an analysis of 17 interviews with teachers, tutors and lecturers working with adolescents, the researchers have sought to identify several existing challenges. Data collected indicate that most stakeholders acknowledge the importance of support / enrichment. Many, though, are unsure of how to achieve the desired outcomes of programmes. This conflict seems to lie in a lack of focused guidelines. There seems to be a need for consistency: this will strengthen initiatives as the successes and failures of educators and policy makers will help to form a framework for work in the immediate future.

Funding Information: Outside the submitted work, the authors disclose the following. Bausell H received personal fees from BioMarin, Ultragenyx, Horizon and Vitaflo. Bélanger-Quintana A reports personal fees from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo, Orphan Europe, Takeda and Genzyme. Rocha JC received research grants from BioMarin, Glutamine and Cambrooke, as well as personal fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia, Merck Serono, Vitaflo, Cambrooke, PIAM and Lifediet. MacDonald A reports research funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Applied Pharma Research, Vitaflo, Galen, Metax, Mevalia and Arla, as well as lecture fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Nutricia and Vitaflo, and consultancy fees from BioMarin, Applied Pharma Research, Arla, Nutricia and Vitaflo. Met Ed reports grant funding from BioMarin, Nutricia, Vitaflo and Horizon Pharmaceuticals. Bernstein L and Rohr F report lecture fees from Vitaflo. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Background: The metabolic dietitian/nutritionist (hereafter ‘dietitian’) plays an essential role in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), including those on pegvaliase. Currently, more educational support and clinical experience is needed to ensure that dietitians are prepared to provide optimal nutritional management and counselling of pegvaliase-treated patients. Methods: Via a face-to-face data-review meeting, followed by a virtual consolidation meeting, a group of expert dietitians and one paediatrician discussed and developed a series of recommendations on the nutritional evaluation and management of patients receiving pegvaliase. The consensus group consisted of 10 PKU experts: six dietitians and one paediatrician from Europe and three dietitians from the US. One European and three US dietitians had experience with pegvaliase-treated patients. Results: The consensus group recommended that a physician, dietitian and nurse are part of the pegvaliase treatment team. Additionally, a psychologist/counsellor should be included if available. Practical proposals for the nutritional evaluation of pegvaliase-treated patients at baseline, during the induction and titration phases and for long-term maintenance were developed. The consensus group suggested assessment of blood Phe at least monthly or every 2 weeks in the event of low blood Phe (i.e., blood Phe

BACKGROUND: Educational support staff (educational staff) in schools perform widely distinctive activities according to their occupation and work process. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the possible incidents for each occupation and work process, and suggests a risk matrix prioritizing the risks of educational staff’s work. METHODS: A total of 1,566 injuries of educational staff, registered for occupational injuries and illnesses between 2015 and 2016, were used to develop the risk matrix considering injuries, sick leave days, and disabilities. RESULTS: Among the 1,566 injuries, ‘Cook-cooking/serving: Burn’ (8.5%) was the most frequent incident. ‘Cook-manual materials handling (MMH): musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)’ (241.6 sick leave days) was the most severe incident, and the number of disabilities was high in the forms of ‘Cook-cooking/serving: MSDs.’ According to risk assessment results, possible incidents predicted as ‘High’ level of risk management were in the forms of ‘Cook-cooking/serving: MSDs,’ ‘Cook-MMH: Slip and trip,’ ‘Cook-cleaning/repairing: Fall from a height,’ ‘Cook-walking: Slip and trip,’ ‘Cook-MMH: MSDs,’ ‘Cook-cooking/serving: Burn,’ ‘Cook-cleaning/repairing: Slip and trip,’ ‘Custodian-cleaning/repairing: Fall from a height,’ and ‘Instructor-walking: Slip and trip.’ CONCLUSIONS: The results can be used to develop an effective injury prevention policy, and to allocate resources for risk management in ensuring school safety.

Background With the approval of biosimilars for subcutaneously administered products, such as adalimumab, etanercept and insulin, biosimilars become increasingly available in ambulatory care. Little is known about the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers who are in charge of dispensing and prescribing biosimilars in this context. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perception about biosimilars among community pharmacists and physicians. Methods Belgian community pharmacists (n = 177) and physicians (n = 30) were surveyed on their knowledge, experience with dispensing/prescribing biologicals including biosimilars, perception regarding interchangeability, switching and substitution and informational and educational needs. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Results Only 32% of community pharmacists and 52% of physicians had yet dispensed/prescribed a biosimilar. Approximately 35% of community pharmacists felt insufficiently trained to counsel patients with biosimilar therapy, which was significantly higher compared to their self-assessed competence to counsel patients with biological therapy in general (p = 0.023). Community pharmacists experienced questions about similarity between reference products and biosimilars (47%) and their interchangeability (42%). Over 40% of physicians found patient uncertainty about efficacy and safety challenging when prescribing biosimilars. A similar proportion of physicians would only prescribe a biosimilar in indications for which the biosimilar has been tested clinically. The majority of pharmacists (58%) was in favor of substitution of biologicals, on the condition that the prescriber would be contacted. Also over 40% of physicians was open to this approach in case of substitution. Educational support, budget for additional staff and transparency about savings were considered suitable stimuli to incentivize biosimilar use. The need for information about biologicals including biosimilars was nearly unanimous among community pharmacists. Also 67% of physicians requested more information. Both community pharmacists and physicians preferred to be informed by their respective professional associations. Conclusions This study showed a substantial need for targeted educational measures to increase the knowledge and confidence about both biological medicines in general and biosimilars in particular among Belgian community pharmacists and physicians. The results may inform educational and policy measures to stimulate biosimilar use in ambulatory care.

Actualmente, dadas las exigencias del mundo actual, se está experimentado un cambio en la forma de aprender y de enseñar. Los implicados en el proceso educativo se han visto en la labor de incorporar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la educación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción estudiantil de un curso universitario que integró los recursos de Google como apoyo educativo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de carácter descriptivo enfocado en una investigación de campo. La recolección de la información se hizo mediante un cuestionario estructurado con 36 preguntas, que fueron evaluadas con una escala de Likert del uno al cinco, más dos preguntas adaptadas a 27 estudiantes. La información obtenida fue procesada con ayuda del programa informático Microsoft Excel. Los resultados muestran que el grupo de alumnos que cursó la asignatura manifestó gran motivación en el desarrollo de las actividades programadas, al igual que un gran interés por aprender cada una de las herramientas de Google que integró la materia. Se concluye que, debido a su facilidad de uso, acceso gratuito y características, los escolares percibieron de forma positiva la integración de los recursos de Google como apoyo educativo en la asignatura. Los recursos que más destacaron fueron Documentos, Formularios, Tasks, Sites y Gmail.

β-Thalassemia (β-thal) is a chronic illness and its complications make the patient less compliant with the treatment protocol. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a support-training system of peer group on promotion of self-care in β-thal major (β-TM) patients. In this semi-experimental study, 112 β-TM were randomly selected and assigned to the study and control groups. Seven β-TM patients, who were physically, mentally and socially normal, were selected and trained as the peer group. Eight training sessions over 4 months were done by the peer group. The questionnaire with 50 questions was scored using the Likert scale, always with 1 point, sometimes 0.5 point and never 0 points. In the study group, before intervention, the mean score of the patients was 29.84 ± 6.16, which, after intervention, increased significantly to 37.14 ± 4.35

Objective: Long‐term issues following diagnosis and treatment of a childhood brain tumour often become apparent as the survivor enters adolescence and young adulthood. Their caregivers may additionally face long‐term impacts on their emotional and psychological functioning. This review synthesised evidence on the issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of a brain tumour diagnosed in childhood and their caregivers. Methods: Electronic databases were searched up until September 2017. All studies reporting on issues or needs of childhood brain tumour survivors (aged 14‐39) and their caregivers were included. Narrative synthesis methods were used to summarise, integrate, and interpret findings. Results: Fifty‐six articles (49 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Social issues (ie, isolation and impaired daily functioning) were most commonly reported by survivors, followed by cognitive (ie, impaired memory and attention) and physical issues (ie, endocrine dysfunctions and fatigue). Survivors experienced poorer social functioning and sexual functioning and were less likely to be employed or have children, when compared with other AYA cancer survivors. Caregivers experienced reduced support as the survivor moved into young adulthood. Caregivers reported uncertainty, increased responsibilities, and problems maintaining their own self–well‐being and family relationships. Few studies reported on supportive care needs. Survivors expressed a need for better educational support and age‐specific psychosocial services. Conclusions: Surviving a childhood brain tumour can be particularly challenging for AYA survivors and their caregivers. Robust structured research is needed to identify specific support needs of both survivors and their caregivers and how these can be optimally addressed.

Purpose Limited data describe the delivery of pediatric cancer care in Mexico. We report a nationwide survey of pediatric cancer units. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to 74 pediatric cancer units in Mexico to describe case volumes; organization of care; and availability of medical/surgical specialists, supportive care, complex therapies, and diagnostic services. Centers were classified as low (< 30 new patients/year), medium (30 to 59/year) and high (≥ 60/year). Results Sixty-two centers completed the survey (response rate, 84%). The median annual new case volume per center was 50 (interquartile range [IQR], 23 to 81). Thirty-four percent (n = 21), 26% (n = 16), and 40% (n = 25) of units were low-, medium-, and high-volume centers, respectively. Treatment units reported a median of two pediatric oncologists (IQR, 2) and one pediatric hematologist (IQR, 1 to 2). Availability of medical and surgical subspecialists varied by center size, with substantially more specialist support at higher-volume centers ( P < .01). Multidisciplinary tumor boards are available at 29% (six of 21), 56% (nine of 16), and 76% (19 of 25) of low- to high-volume centers, respectively ( P = .005). Radiation and palliative care services are available at 42% (n = 26) and 63% (n = 36) of all centers, which did not vary by center volume. Educational support for hospitalized children and school reintegration programs are available at 56% (n = 36) and 58% (n = 36) of centers, respectively. One third (38% [n = 23]) of centers reported that at least one half of patients were lost to follow-up during the transition from pediatric to adult programs. Conclusion A large variation exists in annual case volumes across Mexican pediatric cancer centers. Additional efforts to increase access to multidisciplinary, supportive, and palliative care across all pediatric cancer units in Mexico are required.

Computational thinking is the capacity of undertaking a problem-solving process in various disciplines (including STEM, i.e. science, technology, engineering and mathematics) using distinctive techniques that are typical of computer science. It is nowadays considered a fundamental skill for students and citizens, that has the potential to affect future generations. At the roots of computational-thinking abilities stands the knowledge of computer programming, i.e. coding. With the goal of fostering computational thinking in young students, we address the challenging and open problem of using methods, tools and techniques to support teaching and learning of computer-programming skills in school curricula of the secondary grade and university courses. This problem is made complex by several factors. In fact, coding requires abstraction capabilities and complex cognitive skills such as procedural and conditional reasoning, planning, and analogical reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a new paradigm called ACME (“Code Animation by Evolved Metaphors”) that stands at the foundation of the Diogene-CT code visualization environment and methodology. We develop consistent visual metaphors for both procedural and object-oriented programming. Based on the metaphors, we introduce a playground architecture to support teaching and learning of the principles of coding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scalable code visualization tool using consistent metaphors in the field of the Computing Education Research (CER). It might be considered as a new kind of tools named as code visualization environments.

Critical care outreach teams were developed in the UK from the early 2000s onwards in response to evidence that the management of severely ill patients on hospital wards before admission to the intensive care unit was frequently suboptimal. Most hospitals in the UK have some form of CCOT, which is usually composed of senior nurses with extensive critical care experience. One of the goals of CCOTs is to provide educational support to staff to enhance their skills at recognising and managing deteriorating patients. However, the evidence regarding the effects of CCOTs is conflicting. This article describes a service evaluation conducted at an acute NHS trust in England to assess the effects of educational sessions designed and delivered by the local CCOT. The CCOT offered a study day on non-invasive ventilation for patients with type 2 respiratory failure to a group of ten nurses from different clinical areas. A pre-and post-study day questionnaire showed that all participants had increased knowledge levels at the end of the study day. If positive effects of CCOT-led study days on nurses' knowledge were consistently demonstrated, these study days could be considered as a practical and effective method of meeting the learning needs of nurses.

Purpose To analyze the results of an outpatient clinic with a multidisciplinary team and educational support for patients with late-stage CKD (lsCKD), to check its possible effect on their outcomes. Methods Longitudinal cohort study on patients followed up in the MaReA (Malattia Renale Avanzata = CKD5) outpatient clinic at ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia from 2005 to 2015 for at least six months. Trajectory of renal function over time has been evaluated only in those patients with at least four estimations of eGFR before referring to MaReA. Results Seven hundred and six patients were enrolled, their mean age was 72 ± 14 years, 59% were males. At the end of the study, 147 (21%) were still on MaReA, 240 (34%) on dialysis, 92 (13%) on very low-protein diet (VLPDs), 13 (2%) on pre-hemodialysis clinic, 23 (3%) improved renal function, 10 (1%) transplanted, 62 (9%) transferred/lost to follow-up, and 119 (17%) died. Optimal dialysis start (defined as start with definitive dialysis access, as an out-patient and without lsCKD complications) occurred in 180/240 (75%) patients. The results showed a slower eGFR decrease during MaReA follow-up compared to previous renal follow-up: − 2.0 vs. − 4.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA/year (p Conclusion The follow-up of lsCKD patients on MaReA is associated with an optimal and delayed initiation of dialysis.

Background: Premature birth and infant hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is stressful for parents; therefore, training and supporting couples with the aim of reducing stress are very important. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of family-centered educational, supportive intervention on parental stress of premature infants hospitalized in the NICU. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on the eligible parents of 80 premature infants admitted to the NICU ward of Ali-ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan, in two groups of 40 intervention and control. Samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received five sessions of a family-centered educational support program in five days, with an average of 60 minutes per session, and the control group received only routine training and care. Data were collected using the Parental Stress scale (PSS) questionnaire with approved validity and reliability before and after the end of educational interventions at discharge from the hospital. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 22 using paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square. Results: Mean of parental stress scores of mothers and fathers of premature infants was not significantly different in the intervention and control groups before family-centered educational-supportive intervention (P > 0.05), but after the intervention, the mean of parental stress scores of parents in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Family-centered educational supportive intervention has a positive and significant effect on reducing stress in parents of preterm infants admitted to NICU. Therefore, training and support of parents during the hospitalization of their infants is recommended.

Background. In modern conditions of the socio-economic relations’ development, social entrepreneurship is considered as a multidimensional structure aimed at the formation of social and economic value to identify and use opportunities to improve social well-being, solve social problems, create new enterprises, as well as ensure the coordination of actions of all participants using modern innovative tools. The purpose of the research is to actualize the role of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship at the regional level, as well as to consider measures for informational and educational support of social entrepreneurship in the youth environment. Materials and methods. The implementation of research tasks is achieved on the basis of scientific analysis and synthesis of a wide range of sources, including scientific and periodical literature on research issues. Results. The role of social entrepreneurship in the system of public relations is determined, the regional experience in the implementation of social entrepreneurship is considered, the activities of information and educational support of social entrepreneurship in the youth environment are presented. Conclusions. The popularization of social entrepreneurship among young people contributes to the disclosure of new opportunities, the innovative potential of young people through the interaction of business representatives, government agencies and public organizations.

Globalization, internationalization and international regionalization are the leading trends and the key factors that determine radical shifts and systemic changes in the Russian Federation as well in the other countries to meet quite new perspectives, opportunities and resources for its further cultural, social and economic development in a way of innovations and knowledge society creation. The strategies of social and economic development of the Russian Federation are tightly connected with perspectives of global digitalization, and they have a great impact on the present-day education digital transformation. The article actualizes a problem of financial illiteracy educations and the ways of its improvement by means of digital educational support orientated to development financial competences among students. Quite new educational and pedagogical tools and technologies have recently been introduced in financial education (educational platforms, e-learning, online games, online courses, simulators, digital textbooks, etc.). Under their influence there is a rapid formation and development of new educational environment, virtual and digital. Financial literacy education is becoming more individualized under the influence of its digital transformation. The center of gravity in learning shifts from teaching (instruction) to student activity, therefore, teacher’s professional position in teaching and learning changes. Teaching becomes more virtualized and digitalized under the influence of the virtual and digital educational environment. The functions of digital educational support in financial literacy education are characterized.

In recent years, the Czech Republic (CR) has committed itself to the European standard of university education, which calls for a system of support to provide higher education accessible to people with disabilities. We have seen a significant development of university workplaces, which focus on the support and assistance of students with special needs in the Czech Republic; especially in the last decade. These workplaces also include the ALMA Centre at the University of Pardubice. The paper analyses the development of the number of students with specific needs, including classification into typological groups A-F according to the diagnosis of specific difficulties, in the period of the academic year 2012/2013 to 2019/2020. The design of the paper is the analysis of data from the documentation materials of the ALMA Centre resulting in an overview of the course which involves a well-established system of activities for the benefit of students with specific educational needs. The University of Pardubice provides quality conditions, support services and measures in the area of personnel, pedagogy, economics and technology for the benefit of the named vulnerable target group. In conclusion, it can be stated that the University of Pardubice, by creating equal opportunities, adheres to the principles given by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and thus ranks among higher education institutions whose goal is to meet the fundamental requirements for equal access to education. The University of Pardubice is an example of a higher education institution supporting inclusive education, which is in accordance with the National Action Plan for Inclusive Education approved by the Government of the Czech Republic. Česká republika (ČR) se v posledních letech hlásí k evropskému standardu univerzitního vzdělávání, z něhož vyplývá vytváření systému podpory ke zpřístupnění vysokoškolského vzdělávání osobám se zdravotním postižením. Významný rozvoj vysokoškolských pracovišť, která se zaměřují na podporu a pomoc studentů se specifickými potřebami, zaznamenáváme v ČR zejména v poslední dekádě. K těmto pracovištím se řadí také Centrum Alma na Univerzitě Pardubice. Příspěvek analyzuje vývoj počtu studentů se specifickými potřebami včetně zařazení do typologických skupin A-F dle diagnostiky specifických obtíží a to od akademického roku 2012/2013 až po ak. rok 2019/2020. Designem odborného textu je analýza dat z dokumentačních materiálů Centra ALMA, jeho výsledkem přehled průběhu významné systémové aktivity ve prospěch studentů se specifickými vzdělávacími potřebami. Na Univerzitě Pardubice jsou zajištěny kvalitní podmínky, podpůrné služby a opatření v oblasti personální, pedagogické, ekonomické i technické ve prospěch jmenované zranitelné cílové skupiny. Závěrem lze konstatovat, že se Univerzita Pardubice vytvářením rovných příležitostí hlásí k principům daných Základní listinou práv a svobod a řadí se tím mezi vysokoškolská zařízení, jejichž cílem je naplňovat základní požadavky na rovnost přístupu ve vzdělávání. Univerzita Pardubice je příkladem vysokoškolské instituce podporující inkluzivní vzdělávání, což je v souladu s Národním akčním plánem inkluzívního vzdělávání, jež byl schválen Vládou ČR.

In recent years, technologies such as AR and VR have rapidly evolved and become widely used. One of its most important areas of use is the use of VR and AR in education. By visualizing invisible phenomena, AR may be more likely to promote students’ understanding than conventional methods. Therefore, in this report, we newly develop a lesson support system using AR in engineering manufacturing. The reason for this is that in engineering manufacturing, a large amount of data can be managed collectively by associating the data saved in the e-portfolio with the AR. In addition, when working as an engineer, the work and the learning records such as memos are stored separately, so there is a problem that they will be forgotten or lost during the next week’s class. Therefore, by developing an AR education support system, by putting digital data in the work, it is possible to unify management and solve the problem. Moreover, the burden on the teacher can be reduced, and the contribution to the field of education can be further enhanced. The effectiveness of the developed AR education support system will be verified by conducting an evaluation experiment.

The new overview we are experiencing has called us to rethink the role of scientific publishing as educational support to the university, because, in a society organized around digital and informational and communication technologies, it has never been more present in this pandemic moment so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the editorial needs of the internal and external user community, it has never been more present at this time of pandemic so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the editorial needs of the internal and external user community, it has never been more present at this time of pandemic so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the editorial needs of the internal and external user community, it has never been more present at this time of pandemic so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the editorial needs of the internal and external user community, it has never been more present at this time of pandemic so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the editorial needs of the internal and external user community, it has never been more present at this time of pandemic so that it can improve and develop online information resources of publications to meet the , since university libraries are fulfilling this role in connected society, as they are fundamental for the production of scientific knowledge. From this new panorama, we begin this editorial celebrating and celebrating another completed edition of RDBCI as a continuous publication in 2020, linked to the Library System of a public institution and recognized worldwide. It is with this impact that we highlight that at the present time the university libraries, as they have always done and continue, are collaborating and actively participating in the construction of texts and assisting for the growth of scientific publishing and increase in scientific production at this very differentiated moment.

The aim of this study is to analyze the limitations of the Bilingual Program of the Community of Madrid and present proposals for improvement to solve them. The methodology used is based on the collection of information through different sources. The limitations indicated are as follows: the attention to the students with specific need of educational support; the coordination of teachers; teacher training; English language assistants; human resources; material resources; the motivation of students, teachers, and English language assistants; the methodology; the loss of content and vocabulary in the mother tongue; the need for language academies or extracurricular activities in English to complete training; and segregation. It is concluded that the greatest and most urgent limitation of the program is the attention of students with special educational needs. Proposals for improvement are presented, especially in relation to training and coordination with specialist teachers.

Objective: Long-term inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use in children with asthma causes serious concerns in parents, leading to treatment non-adherence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal anxiety and attitudes on adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Method: The patient group included the children with mild to moderate persistent asthma, aged 6–11 years. Healthy children in a similar age range were included as a control group. The patient group was divided into two categories (treatment adherent and non-adherent) accord-ing to the regularity of ICS use. All patients were assessed with Childhood-Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), and their mothers were assessed using Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI).Results: A total of 156 children (age: 7.4 ± 1.4 years, F/M: 71/85) with persistent asthma and 60 healthy children (age: 7.5 ± 1.3 years, F/M:25/35) were included in the study. The rate of adher-ence in children with asthma was 52.6%. Mothers of non-adherent patients had significantly higher BAI scores than those of the adherent patients and controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of mothers who indicated that they did not have enough informa-tion about asthma and treatment was also higher in the non-adherent group. PARI subtest scores were not different between the adherent and non-adherent groups.Conclusions: In our study, it was found that mothers’ anxiety levels and their knowledge about asthma and medications were associated with treatment adherence in children with asthma. Psychological and educational support to the families of children with asthma would improve their treatment adherence and efficacy.

This exploratory study aimed to investigate the characteristics of students who opted-in to use Boost, an automated student support mobile app and compare characteristics of non-Boost users. Boost is a mobile app that integrates with the Learning Management System (Canvas) and provides support services aimed at improving student behavior and success. At the start of the Spring 2019 semester at Indiana University, instructors were invited to opt-in for Boost to be available to their classes. Instructors who opted-in invited their students to use Boost. Our multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) compared those who opted-in for automated support with those who did not (n=158 courses). Findings reveal that opt-ins were more likely to be Asian, International, and despite having higher college entrance exam scores and being farther along in their studies, opt-ins were slightly lower performing than their peers who did not opt-in. A profile of Boost users will help university administration, student support services, and instructors make data-informed decisions on optimal use of Boost.

En el presente trabajo se buscó realizar el complemento (rediseño) al simulador de vuelo del helicóptero Bell 206, para la práctica de las maniobras de emergencia en la formación de Pilotos Policiales de la ESAVI, el cual consistió en mejorar el material del chasis de la cabina, el tablero de los paneles de mandos, el software de simulación, entre otros. De igual forma de la respectiva prueba de funcionamiento del mismo; además, el simulador de vuelo rediseñado, se mejoró las competencias teórico-prácticas a través de la repetición y aumentó la seguridad operacional de la aeronave cuando ocurren fallas mecánicas o maniobras de alto riesgo. Por otro lado fortaleció los equipos de apoyo educativo con que cuenta la Institución, logrando con ello mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje entre instructores y estudiantes, lo cual tiene como finalidad evitar accidentes aéreos por factores de tipo humano. In the present work we sought to make the complement (redesign) flight simulator Bell 206 helicopter, for the practice of emergency maneuvers in the formation of Police Pilots of the ESAVI, which consisted in improving the material of the chassis of the cabin, the dashboard of the control panels, the simulation software, among others. In the same way of the respective test of operation thereof; In addition, the redesigned flight simulator, the best theoretical practices through repetition and the operational safety of the aircraft when mechanical failures or high-risk maneuvers occur. On the other hand, the educational support teams were strengthened with the account of the institution, the teaching-learning process between the instructors and the students, which has as its objective the answer.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a public health concern with increasing prevalence worldwide. We aimed to estimate prevalence and age at diagnosis in Greece, where no large-scale prevalence study has ever been conducted. Aggregate data were collected on ASD diagnoses by gender and calendar year of diagnosis up to 2019, for children born in 2008 and 2009, from the Centers for Educational and Counseling Support, which evaluate children to receive special educational support in school. Coverage was 87.1% of centers and 88.1% of schoolchildren born in 2008&ndash, 9. ASD prevalence overall was 1.15% (1.83% males, 0.44% females, ratio 4.14:1), ranging from 0.59% to 1.50% in Greece&rsquo, s 13 regions. In five regions, prevalence differed significantly between centers. Overall, only 3.8% of diagnoses were made before the fourth year after birth and 42.7% before the sixth year, with considerable variation between regions. Approximate mean age at diagnosis was six years and one month, and about three months earlier for girls than for boys. Our results provide evidence-based information to guide service planning and development at national and regional levels. Particular attention should be paid to smoothing out inequalities regarding service accessibility and provision. Emphasis should be given to earlier identification and diagnosis of ASD.

There is a focus on standardisation and harmonisation of laboratory results to reduce the risk of misinterpretation of patient results assayed in different laboratories. External quality assessment (EQA) is critical to assess the need for harmonisation and to monitor the success of procedures to achieve harmonisation. However, EQA providers are being stretched to meet the needs of their participants with proven commutable material with reference method targets, a range of clinically significant levels of the materials, detailed and customised data analysis, and educational support. The path ahead for harmonisation of EQA schemes will require leadership from an organisation that has the support and confidence of EQA providers, like the European Organisation for External Qualily Assurance Providers in Laboratory Medicine.