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International audience; Background: The rate of premature births in France is 6% and is increasing, as is the rate of extremely premature births. Morbidity and mortality rates in this population remain high despite significant medical progress. We aimed to evaluate the morbidity and mortality rate in preterm neonates weighing < 750 g and to evaluate their outcome at 2 years' corrected age (CA).Methods: This was a retrospective monocentric study including babies born between May 2011 and April 2013 who were preterm and weighed < 750 g. We evaluated mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period. At 2 years' CA, we focused on developmental quotient (DQ) with the Brunet-Lezine test, on neurosensory assessment (sleeping/behavior), and growth evaluation.Results: Among the 107 infants included, 29 (27%) died in the neonatal period. Mean gestational age was 25.6 weeks' gestation. Female sex and higher birth weight were independent predictors of survival. A total of 61 (78.2%) infants showed extra-uterine growth retardation at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. At 2 years' CA, 57 children were followed up; 38 were evaluated using the Brunet-Lezine test, 20 (52.6%) had a DQc < 85, and none had a severe developmental delay (DQc < 50). Six (10%) children had cerebral palsy and 22 of 56 (39.2%) showed language delay. Growth retardation persisted in 15 of 52 (28.8%) children.Conclusion: Our results confirm the acute fragility of extremely low-birth-weight babies with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. At 2 years' CA, this population still shows a considerable rate of mild difficulties, whose long-term evolution needs to be followed. (C) 2020 French Society of Pediatrics.

We sought to establish guidelines for hygiene care in newborns based on a systematic review of the literature and grading of evidence using the Groupe de Reflexion et d'Evaluation de l'Environement des Nouveau-nes (GREEN) methodology. We examined 45 articles and 4 reports from safety agencies. These studies recommend a tub bath (rather than a sponge bath) for full-term infants and a swaddle bath for preterm newborns. They also recommend against daily cleansing of preterm infants. The literature emphasized that hygiene care must consider the clinical state of the newborn, including the level of awareness and behavioral responses. Hospitalized newborns treated with topical agents may also experience high exposure to potentially harmful excipients of interest. Caregivers should therefore be aware of the excipients present in the different products they use. In high-resource countries, the available data do not support the use of protective topical agents for preterm infants. Conclusions: We recommend individualization of hygiene care for newborns. There is increasing concern regarding the safety of excipients in topical agents that are used in neonatology. A multidisciplinary approach should be used to identify an approach that requires lower levels of excipients and alternative excipients.What is known:center dot Hygiene care is one of the most basic and widespread types of care received by healthy and sick newborns worldwide.center dot There is no current guideline on hygiene for preterm or hospitalized term newborn.What is new:center dot The French Group of Reflection and Evaluation of the environment of Newborns (GREEN) provided here guidelines based on the current body of evidence.center dot Caregivers should be aware of the many issues related to hygiene care of newborns including newborns' behavioral responses to hygiene care, exposition to excipients of interest, and the potential risk of protective topical agents in a preterm infant. provided here guidelines based on the current body of evidence.center dot Caregivers should be aware of the many issues related to hygiene care of newborns including newborns' possible behavioral responses to hygiene care, exposition to excipients of interest and the potential risk of protective topical agents in a preterm infant.