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INTRODUCTION To improve compliance with voiding diaries in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), a new modified 3-day weekend frequency-volume chart (FVC) was designed, and the compliance and validity of this modified FVC was evaluated by comparing with the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) recommended voiding diary. METHODS A total of 1200 patients with PMNE were enrolled in the study from 13 centers in China and were randomly assigned to record this modified FVC or the ICCS-recommended voiding diary. The primary outcome measure was the compliance, assessed by comparing the completing index and the quality score of diaries between two groups. The secondary outcome measure was the validity, evaluated by comparing the constituent of subtypes, micturition parameters and response rate to desmopressin. RESULTS Among the 1200 participants enrolled in the study, 447 patients completed the ICCS-recommended voiding diary and 469 completed the modified diary. The diurnal completing index and the quality score of the modified FVC group were better than those of the ICCS group. In addition, there was no significant difference between these two groups in the subtype classification, or in the response rate to desmopressin. CONCLUSIONS The modified FVC could be applied to obtain the voiding characteristics of children with PMNE as the ICCS-recommended voiding diary does and offers a reasonable and better choice for children with PMNE from the unselected population in the future.

Andrographolide (Andro) has known to treat various illnesses such as colds, diarrhea, fever and infectious diseases. However, the effect mechanism of Andro is still unclear. Therefore, we used high-throughput metabolomics analysis to discover biomarkers, metabolic profiles and pathways to reveal the pharmacological action and effective mechanism of Andro against lung cancer. The metabolic effects of Andro on lung cancer animal was explored by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS) analysis. Our results showed that Andro exhibited significant protective effects against lung cancer. Compared with control group, a total of 25 metabolites biomarkers was identified in urine of model animals, which 18 of them were regulated toward the normal direction after Andro treatment, and network pharmacology analysis showed that they were related with 570 proteins. Biological pathways analysis showed that the 11 metabolism pathways were regulated by Andro treatment in lung cancer mouse, and amino acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism have great potential as target pathways for Andro against lung cancer. It revealed that high-throughput metabolomics combined with network pharmacology analysis provides deeply insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of natural product for promoting medicine development and disease treatment.

We demonstrate a novel polarization control system based on a gradient descent algorithm, applied to a 450-km optical frequency transfer link. The power of the out-loop beat note is retrieved by controlling the polarization state of the transferred signal, with a recovery time of 24 ms, thereby ensuring the long-term evaluation of the fiber link. As a result, data utilization is enhanced from 70% to 99% over a continuous measurement period of ∼12 h. A fractional transfer instability of 7.2 × 10−20 is achieved at an integration time of 10000 s. This work lays the foundation for the comparison of a remote optical clock system via a long-haul optical fiber link.

Downconversion (DC) with emission of two near-infrared photons about 1000 nm for each blue photon absorbed was obtained in thulium (Tm3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) codoped yttrium lithium fluoride (LiYF4) single crystals grown by an improved Bridgman method. The luminescent properties of the crystals were measured through photoluminescence excitation, emission spectra and decay curves. Luminescence between 960 and 1050 nm from Yb3+: 2F5/2→2F7/2 transition, which was originated from the DC from Tm3+ ions to Yb3+ ions, was observed under the excitation of blue photon at 465 nm. Moreover, the energy transfer processes were studied based on the Inokuti-Hirayama model, and the results indicated that the energy transfer from Tm3+ to Yb3+ was an electric dipole-dipole interaction. The maximum quantum cutting efficiency approached up to 167.5% in LiYF4 single crystal codoped with 0.49mol% Tm3+ and 5.99mol% Yb3+. Application of this crystal has prospects for increasing the energy efficiency of crystalline Si solar cells by photon doubling of the high energy part of the solar spectrum.

Upconversion (UC) luminescence and its pump power dependent on UC emissions were investigated under excitation of near infrared light at 960 nm for the Tb3+/Yb3+ codoped LiYF4 single crystals. UC emissions at 488, 541, 654, and 669 nm and 382, 413, 436, 465, 477, and 484 nm arise transitions D-5(4) --> F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 3, and 1) and D-5(3) --> F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1) of Tb3+, respectively. UC mechanisms are proposed by analyzing the pump power dependent UC emission. The yellowish green light can be achieved from 0.32 mol% Tb3+ and 7.98 mol% Yb3+ codoped LiYF4 crystal with chromaticity coordinates of (0.2874, 0.6733) and color temperature T-c = 6280 K. A cooperative energy transfer process from excited Yb3+ to Tb3+ in main form of two-photons has been presented in LiYF4 at room temperature. The green and red emissions originating from upper D-5(4) state of these Tb3+/Yb3+ codoped single crystals may be considered as a promising potential application in the field of photonics, solid state lasers, and light emitting devices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ho3+ with various concentrations and Tm3+ with molar concentration of 1.28% are co-doped in LiYF4 (YLF) single crystals. The luminescent properties of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, emission cross section and decay curves under the excitation of 808 nm. The energy transfer from Tm3+ to Ho3+ and the optimum fluorescence emission of Ho3+ around 2.05 μm are investigated. The emission intensity at 2.05 μm keeps increasing with the molar concentration of Ho3+ improved from 0.50% to 1.51% when the molar concentration of Tm3+ is kept at 1.28%. Moreover, for the co-doped crystals in which the molar concentrations of Tm3+ and Ho3+ are 1.28% and 1.51%, respectively, the maximum emission cross section reaches 0.760×10−20 cm2 and the maximum fluorescence lifetime is 21.98 ms. All the parameters suggest that these materials have more advantages in the future 2.0 μm laser applications.

Lithium lutetium fluoride (LiLuF4) single crystals doped with different Dy3+ ion concentrations were grown by Bridgman method. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) strength parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) of Dy3+ in LiLuF4 crystal are calculated according to the measured absorption spectra and the J-O theory, by which the asymmetry of the Dy3+:LiLuF4 single crystal and the possibility of attaining stimulated emission from 4F9/2 level are analyzed. The capability of the Dy3+:LiLuF4 crystal in generating white light by simultaneous blue and yellow emissions under excitation with ultraviolet light is produced. The effects of excitation wavelength and doping concentration on chromaticity coordinates and photoluminescence intensity are also investigated. Favorable CIE coordinates, x=0.319 3 and y=0.349 3, can be obtained for Dy3+ ion in 2.701% molar doping concentration under excitation of 350 nm.

This paper developed a Portable Agricultural Product Holographic Market Information Collection Terminal (APIC) which collected the holographic market information of agro-products, to address the issues such as undeveloped agricultural information collecting method, nonstandard collection criteria,imperfect classification and coding, as well as the lack of information collection device etc.. In the APIC system, there are two industrial standards on agro- product information collection embedded technology, and GPS positioning, integrated together with the general packet radio service(GPRS) and 3G mobile communications technology, making use of component development technology and embedded development technology, in order to achieve the standardization of data collection, instant transmission, and intelligent processing, and eventually to enhance the ability of integrated perception, decision-making and control in terms of monitoring and early warning of agro-products market price.

kV distribution network topology is complex, along the lines there are many connected power distribution transformer and branch lines, and the lines are mostly hybrid cases. Its channel transmission characteristics are complex and variable, which has caused great difficulties to the high rate NB-PLC technology frequency selection. Based on urban 10 kV distribution network topology, it emphatically analyzes the changes in the channel transmission characteristics from the carrier source to the receiving point in hybrid cases and influence rules of the length of main trunk line, the length and number of branch line and the location and quantity of distribution transformer on the channel transmission characteristics, which provide reference basis for the modulation mode and frequency selection of high rate NB-PLC technology.

This paper presents the heat transfer simulation of a new kind of rotary engine called Leaf Spring Rotary Engine. The structure and the principle of the prototype engine were introduced. The thermodynamic models including heat transfer model were presented. The contrast of the performance parameters between the heat transfer condition and the ideal condition was presented and the effect of the heat transfer to the performance of the engine was analyzed. It showed that the heat transfer loss would account for 24% of the input energy at the rated speed of 3000r/min. At the same time, the effect of ignition position to the performance of the engine was analyzed. The work would be used in the combustion system design and the performance optimization.

Objective: This study was to investigate the association of p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 and Murine Double Minute2 (MDM2) 309T/G, Del1518+/− single nucleotide polymorphisms with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Chinese. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study included 257 ovarian cancer patients and 257 healthy women who were matched for age. p73 and MDM2 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: There were no significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism between cases and control women (P = 0.55 and 0.20, respectively). The frequencies of the G allele of the MDM2 309T/G polymorphism were significantly lower in ovarian cancer cases (46.7%) than those in healthy controls (54.7%), there was a statistical difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.01). Compared with the T/T genotype, the G allelotype (T/G+G/G genotype) significantly decreased the risk of developing EOC (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.97). Although MDM2 Del1518+/− genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ between the case and the control groups (P = 0.68 and P = 0.45), Del1518 +/+ genotype tended to increase the risk of mucinous ovarian cancer or earlier ovarian cancer by stratification analysis according to histological subtypes or clinical stage. Besides, there was a significant interaction between p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 and MDM2 309T/G polymorphisms by the likelihood ratio test (P = 0.03; odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.99). Conclusion: The MDM2 SNP309G allele significantly decreased the risk of EOC and might be a potentially protective factor for EOC development in Chinese women.

Backgrounds and Aims:Growing evidences indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gene promoter may alterMMPs protein expression levels to influence malignant tumors developing and progressing. Our study was to assess the effects of the SNPs in the promoter region ofMMP-12andMMP-13on the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) developing and progressing.Methods:MMP-12A-82G andMMP-13A-77G SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 256 EOC patients and 329 controls.Results:The A/G genotype frequency ofMMP-12was significantly higher in patients than in controls (7.0% vs 3.3%,P= 0.04); similarly, the frequency ofMMP-1282G allele was higher in patients too (P= 0.04). Compared with A/A genotype, A/G genotype significantly increased the risk of EOC (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.72). Age-stratified analysis showed that individuals with A/G genotype had a higher risk in the final diagnosis aged younger than 50 years. We observed no overall association betweenMMP-13-77A/Gpolymorphism and EOC. However, an elevated positive association was observed for A/A versus G/G + A/G genotypes in mucinous ovarian cancer. Combining the analyzed 2 SNPs, the haplotype distributions in patients were not significantly different from that in controls.Conclusion:These results suggested that the G allele of theMMP-12 82A/Gpolymorphism might be a risk factor for the development and progression of EOC and that the A/A genotype ofMMP-13-77A/G polymorphism was associated with special pathological subtype and clinical stage in EOC at least in Chinese women.

This paper is a simulation study of a novel rotary engine called Leaf Spring Rotary Engine, which is a micro-small reed-flexible rotor engine. Flexible characteristics make it a unique advantage. This engine's structure is different to others, mainly for rotor structure. Engine working principle is similar to conventional rotary engine. As a new engine, creation of numerical models and analysis of impact factor for engine performance are the focus of this work. Desi*gned displacement of the engine is 1.77 cm 3 and theoretical compression ratio is 7.3. According to the principle of the engine, the whole structure and sub-system were designed, and thermodynamic model of the engine were established. Re*sults show that output power of one cylinder is 81.4W; indicative efficiency is 24.38% under ideal condition when engine operates at speeds of 3000 RPM; the energy loss under heat transfer condition is about 18.34% of the overall energy. The leakage area of 0.02 mm 2 is considered so that power loss induced by the leakage is about 32.4% of output power under ideal conditions. Besides, the results also show that the reasonable matching of combustion duration and ignition angle can improve output power. Moreover, high compression ratio of the engine causes high heat loss.