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A Quasi experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of Video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding use of Intra Uterine Balloon Tamponade in the management of PPH among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Mysuru. The sample consisting of 60 Staff Nurses in selected hospitals by using non-probability convenient sampling method. The tool comprised of structured self-administered questionnaire. The mean of pre test knowledge score in experimental group was 8.966 with standard deviation of 4.205. While in control group, mean was 8.533 with standard deviation of 3.471. The post test knowledge score from both experimental and control group showed that the obtained post test mean value in experimental group (18.03) was higher than post test mean value in control group (8.93). The mean difference value of experimental group (9.07) is greater than control group (0.4), and the obtained ‘t’ test value (9.977) is found to be more than ‘t’ table value (2.00). Since, the obtained ‘t’ value is highly significant at p

Periodontium is physically and anatomically similar for both males and females. However, the response of periodontal tissues to hormones varies in both, due to different hormonal interaction. At different life stages of a female such as puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause and post-menopause, use of contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies; sex hormones like estrogen and progesteron effects periodontal tissues.Sex hormones play significant roles in modulating the periodontal tissue responses, which can be minimized with good plaque control and with hormone replacement. Keywords: Gingivitis, low birth weight, periodontitis, preterm births, sex steroid hormones.

Several metals are used for Knee implants. Toxicity of metals may lead to toxicity of knee implants. This bibliometric analysis had been conducted to understand the active authors, organizations, journals, and countries involved in the research domain of “toxicity of knee implants”. All published articles related to “toxicity of knee implants” from “Scopus”, were analyzed using the VOS viewer to develop analysis tables and visualization maps. This article had set the objective to consolidate the scientific literature regarding “toxicity of knee implants” and also to find out the trends related to the same. The most active journal in this research domain was Biomaterials. The most active country was the United States of America. The leading organization engaged in research regarding the toxicity of knee implants were the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, University of Leeds, United Kingdom, and the Beihang University of China. The most active authors were Hallab N.J. and Jacobs J.J.

BACKGROUND Classification of breast lesions into different cytological groups can accurately be done using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast lesions has been considered to be the primary investigation in detecting breast cancers, especially in low-cost settings. The main objective of this study was to prospectively re-confirm the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system. Additionally, separate secondary subgroup analysis was done to confirm the accuracy of breast FNAB excluding lymph-node positive and lymphadenopathy positive tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study was done on patients undergoing biopsy of breast lesions between September 01, 2019 and November 30, 2020 (519 biopsies on 487 unique patients). Of these 519 histopathology biopsies, 505 had corresponding FNAB report of the same site. The FNAB was reported using the IAC Yokohama system and the most suitable category was allotted in every case. The rates of malignancy for each category and the accuracy of breast FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated. RESULTS Of the total 487 patients, 120 cases were benign on histology, while 367 were malignant. The rates of malignancy in benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant categories were 5%, 25%, 71%, and 99.7%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of atypical, suspicious and malignant categories was calculated as 90.1%, 95.2%, and 93.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION The high diagnostic accuracy for each BIRADS category suggest excellent accuracy for Breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system.

The microgrid with renewable energy sources (RES) is capable to fulfill the local energy demand, and can inject the remaining energy in to power grid at distribution level. It can mitigate the problem of greenhouse gases emission too. This paper discussed the optimal design and simulation of grid connected micro grid for a residential building of the Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh region, considering solar photovoltaic system. A model is proposed and simulated using Homer energy software. Simulation results reveals that the proposed residential microgrid is cost effective as compared to the utility grid in fulfilling the full load demand. It is calculated that the cost of solar generation is 0.081 $/kWh while for the grid it is 0.099 $/kWh for the considered region. Further, impact of proposed grid on the environment is also analyzed, it is also observed the proposed grid design inject the negligible harmful greenhouse gases in the environment.

Gingival enlargement develops as an exaggerated response of periodontal tissues to local factors like dental plaque and dental calculus. Systemic conditions like cerebral palsy, where mental deficiency and loss of manual dexterity is a contributing factor for poor oral hygiene, sometime manifest as gingival enlargement. Nutritional deficiency in combination to systemic disease and conditions, further contributes to an altered response of periodontal tissues to dental plaque and calculus, which may sometimes clinically manifest as gingival enlargement (generalized or localized). Vitamin C deficiency presents with various oral manifestations, specially causing conditioned gingival enlargement. Anemia is also one of the systemic disease/conditions affecting periodontal tissues. Management of these various conditions manifesting as gingival enlargement, warrants diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause. It becomes more challenging when all these conditions co-exist, demanding a holistic comprehensive approach, not only for addressing the patient’s chief complaint, but also, improving the overall oral and general health as well. This case report is an attempt to discuss the management of an unusual case of massive gingival enlargement mainly due to vitamin C deficiency in an anemic cerebral palsy pediatric patient. Keywords: Anemia, Ascorbic acid deficiency, Cerebral palsy, Gingival overgrowth. Key Messages: Maintenance of proper oral hygiene and nutritional supplementation is essential for overall health of cerebral palsy patient

Unilateral mastication is commonly encountered on daily routine by all dentist. Various causes for unilateral mastication can be enumerated, but it’s seldom the reason for dental visit by the patient. Such negligence’s can be avoided by generating awareness as to how early treatment of a single diseased tooth might save half of the dentition from being severely compromised with the help of this case series. Keywords: Atrophy, Dental calculus, Dental caries, Periodontal diseases, Periodontitis

Study Design: Review. Objectives: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a significant reason of disability, especially in old-aged patients. Mindfulness and comprehension of CSM is basic to encourage early analysis and the executives. This review article delivers CSM concerning its the study of disease transmission, pathophysiology, clinical indications, imaging, treatment draws near. Methods: The authors played out a broad survey of the companion audited writing tending to the previously mentioned goals. Results: The clinical introduction and normal history of CSM is variable, switching back and forth among quiet and slippery to stepwise decay or quick neurological crumbling. For gentle CSM, preservationist choices could be utilized with cautious perception. Notwithstanding, careful intercession has demonstrated to be better for moderate than extreme CSM. The achievement of employable or traditionalist administration of CSM is multifactorial and top notch contemplates are inadequate. The ideal careful methodology is still under discussion, and can change contingent upon the quantity of levels included, area of the pathology and standard cervical sagittal arrangement. Conclusions: Early acknowledgment and treatment of CSM, before the beginning of spinal cord damage, is basic for ideal results. The objective of medical procedure is to decompress the cord with extension of the spinal canal, while reestablishing cervical lordosis, and balancing out when the danger of cervical kyphosis is high. Further high-caliber randomized clinical examinations with long haul follow up are still expected to additionally characterize the normal history and help anticipate the perfect careful methodology.

BACKGROUND The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system is a recently proposed system for reporting breast cytology by fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Multiple studies are needed to confirm the risk of malignancy (ROM) of the various reporting categories of this system. The present article studies the accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system in our center. METHODS Over a period of 1 year (September 2018-August 2019), all cases of breast masses assessed by FNAB and histological correlation were studied retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) and overall accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system for diagnosing malignancy were assessed. The rates of malignancy (ROM) of each diagnostic category were also estimated. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-one FNABs had cyto-histological correlation. The percent sensitivity (with 95% Confidence Intervals) when the atypical, suspicious of malignancy and the malignant categories were regarded as positive for malignancy were 98.2% [95.5%, 99.5%], 96.0% [92.5%, 98.2%], and 86.7% [81.5%, 90.8%] respectively. The percent specificity (with 95% Confidence intervals) for the same categories in the same order were 59.5% [47.4%, 70.7%], 91.9% [83.2%, 97.0%], and 100% [95.1%, 100%] respectively. The area under curve (AUC) for diagnosing malignancy was 0.981[0.963, 0.993]. The ROM for the benign, atypical, suspicious of malignancy and malignant category were 8.3% [2.3%, 20.0%], 17.2% [5.8%, 35.8%], 77.8% [57.7%, 91.4%], and 100% [98.1%, 100%] respectively. CONCLUSION The IAC Yokohama system is suitable for accurately reporting breast lesions on FNAB.

Aim: To investigate the potential of a thermosensitive intranasal formulation of raloxifene hydrochloride (RH) for systemic delivery with the possibility of enhanced bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic efficacy. Methods: In this work, a commercially scalable nanoemulsion in thermosensitive gel, aligned with better clinical acceptability, has been developed and evaluated. Results: A significant 7.4-fold improvement in bioavailability of RH was recorded when compared with marketed tablets. Likewise, in vivo pharmacodynamics studies suggested 162% enhanced bone density and significantly improved biochemical markers compared with per-oral marketed tablet. Conclusion: The formulation, being safe and patient compliant, successfully tuned anti-osteoporotic effects with improved therapeutic performance. Further, the work provided an exceptional lead to carry out the study in clinical settings.

Real-time object detection with high accuracy is the measure concern for the autonomous vehicle to provide safety. Recently many state-of-the-art methods used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for object detection. Although these methods provide better results but still provide a trade-off between accuracy and real-time detection becomes challenging tasks. High accuracy ensures the vehicle for avoiding collisions and abide the traffic rules while the faster speed helps to make the decision quickly. In this paper, the single-shot object detection is provided faster results and the attention module helps to provide more accurate detection. The channel attention mechanism provides more grained refine features and emphasizes ‘what’ is a semantic part from a given input. Apart from the channel attention mechanisms, spatial attention emphasizes ‘where’ is meaningful information which is working as a booster for the attention block. The proposed model incorporates these two attention mechanisms sequentially such as channel (RGB-wise) as well spatial attention for single-shot object detection (CSA-SS). The proposed model is trained and tested using challenging datasets such as KITTI and Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD). The experimental result shows that the proposed model surpasses the state-of-the-art techniques by 1.66 and 1.13 mAP for the KITTI and BDD datasets.

Over several years, agriculture is a catalyst for formation and improvement of human society. In today’s era of glocalization, agriculture is still playing a central role in social, cultural, and financial development of a nation. India’s 75% rural population depends on the farming sector taking into consideration of everyone’s well-being, and cultivation accounts for 17% of India’s GDP. In recent decades, the unpredictability of the environmental conditions and crop-related diseases has been posing a serious challenge to the full efficiency and productivity of the agriculture sector. This review concentrates mostly on the classification and prognosis of diseases by using a deep learning (DL) dataset collection of pictures, which promotes efficiency via proper detection of the occurrence of diseases and problems. Throughout this segment, a Self-Predictable Crop Yield Platform (SCYP) using DL to estimate grain yield and detect crop diseases would be addressed that not only collects climate records (temperature, humidity, sunlight, precipitation, and many others), using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), but also forecasts agricultural productivity based primarily on elements like weather through Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In addition, multiple scientific evaluations and an analysis of the history of crop stress determining technology are addressed in this section.

The present calculations show that the application of an external magnetic field can generate additional component of the wakefield suitable for Terahertz (THz) radiation generation in a collisional plasma. Based on the approach of perturbation technique under quasi-static approximation, a study is made on the field of emitted radiation pulses from the wakefield when the super-Gaussian laser beams are used. The field of the radiation becomes stronger when stronger magnetic field is applied and the same is the case for the lasers of higher index.

Purpose: To quantitatively assess anterior chamber and angle parameters by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in myopic eyes undergoing Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL V4c) implantation. Methods: Prospective noncomparative observational case series. Pre and postoperative (1st and 3rd month) AS-OCT angle parameters (anterior chamber depth [ACD], anterior chamber angle [ACA], Angle opening distance [AOD], trabecular iris space area [TISA], scleral spur angle [SSA]) were evaluated in 32 eyes (16 patients). SPSS version 20 with paired t-test for intragroup and Mann-Whitney U value test for intergroup comparisons. Results: It included 6 (37.5%) males and 10 (62.5%) females. Preoperative ACA of 34.6 ± 2.3° reduced to 32.2 ± 2.4°, 31.9 ± 2.5° at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.001). Preoperative mean AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA of 0.34 ± 0.06 mm, 0.52 ± 0.15 mm, 0.09 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.20 ± 0.04 mm2, 34.27 ± 4.6° decreased to 0.32 ± 0.06 mm, 0.48 ± 0.15 mm, 0.08 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.17 ± 0.05 mm2, 32.5 ± 4.3° at 1-month (P = 0.001); 0.32 ± 0.06 mm, 0.47 ± 0.13 mm, 0.08 ± 0.02 mm2, 0.17 ± 0.05 mm2 and 32.4 ± 4.6° (P = 0.001) at 3-months, respectively. Correlation analysis between preoperative ACD/intraocular pressure (IOP) was − 0.62 (P = 0.0002) [1st month], −0.40 (0.024) [third month]; between IOP/postoperative ACA, AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA was − 0.04 (0.81), −0.03 (0.85), −0.08 (0.64), −0.12 (0.48), −0.10 (0.57), −0.06 (0.73) at 1 month; −0.09 (0.58), 0.04 (0.78), 0.12 (0.48), −0.02 (0.9), −0.04 (0.79), 0.02 (0.88) at 3 months; between ICL vault/ACA, AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, SSA was 0.38 (0.02), 0.24 (0.17), 0.21 (0.25), 0.05 (0.75), 0.15 (0.41), 0.27 (0.13) at 1st month; 0.19 (0.28), 0.06 (0.71), −0.03 (0.85), 0.005 (0.97), 0.05 (0.78), 0.07 (0.68) at 3rd month. Conclusion: Postoperatively significant angle narrowing was noted. There was a negative correlation between IOP and preoperative ACD. There was no significant correlation between IOP and ICL vault with postoperative AS-OCT angle parameters.

Physico-chemical parameter of surface water of Kelo River was investigated in year 2016. Ph, TDS, Chloride, and Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, hardness is discussed in this paper.TDS, chloride, DO, BOD, COD shows variations between the two station selected for the study .Due to the urban, industrial, agriculture and other anthropogenic activities river water is polluted, there is a need of serious concern on water pollution and planning for the disposal of solid and liquid waste

Patients with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy need to be effectively managed as the disease is severely debilitating in view of associated pho-tophobia and glare. Here, we report a rare case of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy effectively managed by intraoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography-guided manual deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in 1 eye and sutureless fibrin glue-aided, microkeratome-assisted automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty in the other eye. The patient, a 22-year old man, presented with gradual diminution of vision associated with foreign body sensation, glare, photophobia, and watering due to corneal lesions, which were consistent with a diagnosis of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy. Visual acuity at pre-sentation was 4/60 and 3/60 in the right and left eye, respectively. The patient received customized component lamellar keratoplasty in both eyes, and host tissue was sent for histopathologic examination. Treatment resulted in a best-corrected distance visual acuity of 6/9 and 6/12 in the right and left eye, respectively. The graft was clear and well apposed, with minimal interface haze bilaterally. The histopathologic report suggested intralamellar amyloid deposition in the form of homogenous, acellular eosinophilic deposits in the epithelium and anterior corneal stroma. This is a first report of the exclusive use of a fibrin-aprotinin tissue adhesive to stabilize a donor corneal lamellar graft as a treatment modality for a patient with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, suggesting that this treatment could supplant the need for sutures.

Through this theoretical study, nanoparticles-based Terahertz (THz) emission is explored out by considering the graphite nanoparticles (NPs) of two different shapes, i.e., spherical (SNPs) and cylindrical (CNPs), oriented in two normal directions, i.e., one having their basal plane perpendicular to the electric field of the laser and second with their basal plane parallel to the electric field of the laser. The nonlinear ponderomotive force is exerted on the electronic cloud of NPs by the field of two incident super-Gaussian lasers of frequencies ω1 and ω2, which on excitation gives rise to the nonlinear macroscopic current density at beating frequency ω = ω1 − ω2. It is observed that efficient THz emission takes place when the beat frequency matches with the effective plasmon frequency of the NPs. Most importantly, THz generation strongly depends on the shape of the NPs as CNPs contribute more efficiently towards THz generation but orientation of NPs with respect to the electric field feebly affects the THz generation.

The present study is based upon the prevailing issue of Solid Waste Management (SWM) faced by developing economies all over the world. The quantum and composition of waste generation pose a series of complexities regarding surrounding institutions’ plans in dealing with it. In India, the responsibility of handling solid waste primarily falls to municipal authorities or Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). These ULBs are the main functional units that plan, implement and control the actions as well as resources used for SWM within their jurisdiction. This study explores a strategic approach of these ULBs towards the management of solid waste at the functional level across 10 districts in J&K, a state of India. The study advocates for the inclusion of strategic interventions in the field of SWM based on a survey conducted which establishes the gap in strategic implementation. The strategic approach in this study is related to understanding dimensions such as strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation that contributes to various aspects of SWM for theorists, policy makers and practitioners.

Images of retina of high quality with a wide field is a powerful form of classifying and detecting retinal diseases. These are preventable however can jeopardize vision. Retinal cameras dependent on cell phones hold guarantee to expand admittance to retinal symbolism, however various characteristics of picture and protected area of view will diminish their value. Our paper proposes fundus camera dependent on your own cell phone that can take photographs of the focal retina as well as the fringe retina at a plana standards. This may be demonstrated well as a methodology less expensive to the camera zeroing in on fundus pictures.

Lung performs the most important function of the human body called breathing. Any continuous increase or decrease in the breathing pattern is an early indication of the presence of abnormalities in the lung. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a combination of common symptoms and signs that contributes largely in increasing mortality rate due to respiratory disorders. The main reason for this increased mortality rate due to Asthma and COPD are the lack of differential diagnosis of these two diseases. Differentiating two diseases is important for their respective drug and therapy treatments. In this study Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) data from 30 subjects of 3 groups (10 from each group) namely Control, Asthma & COPD is collected from the Department of Pulmonary Medicines & TB of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur All India. Different parameters are selected from the PFT report and their Statistical Significance Analysis will be done to check their significance to decide and label boundaries for removing difficulties in the differential diagnosis of Asthma and COPD in case of overlapping.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in breast lesions offers accurate results in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. However, its role is unclear when core-needle biopsy (CNB) is available, the latter providing additional information regarding tumor grade, invasion, and hormone receptor status in malignant lesions. In benign breast lesions, especially in BIRADS category 4a and 4b, FNAB, and CNB provide similar pathological information, whereby FNAB may serve as a more rapid and cost-effective investigation. The study was planned to reevaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB in BIRADS category 4a, 4b, and 4c lesions. Materials and Methods: FNAB and biopsy reports of all patients with breast lesions sent between September 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020, were collected and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama category and BIRADS score were recorded for each case. The rate of malignancy and the accuracy of FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated for each BIRADS 4a, 4b, and 4c subgroup. Results: A total of 249 cases of BIRADS 4 lesions had corresponding cytology and histopathology diagnoses. FNAB showed high diagnostic accuracy in all BIRADS groups. A benign categorization was associated with a very low number of false-negative diagnoses, especially in BIRADS 4a lesions. Conclusion: The study reconfirms the excellent accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system in diagnosing breast malignancies. Furthermore, BIRADS 4a lesions found to be belonging to the cytological benign category may be excluded from CRB and kept on clinical follow-up.

Worldwide, huge amount of food commodity losses are reported annually due to plant diseases caused by various kinds of pests or pathogens. The continuous and indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides to control plant diseases is known to adversely affect the natural environment, plant and soil ecology as well as the human health by toxic chemical residues. In this context, researchers and farmers have attempted to explore some new eco-friendly and sustainable method for disease management. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) as biological control agents are such an effective and better alternative to chemical pesticides. PGPB are heterogeneous group of bacteria directly and indirectly involved in growth promotion and disease management in plants. PGPB deploy different biocontrol mechanisms of action that include production of antibiotics, antimicrobial or volatile compounds, cell wall–degrading enzymes, induced systemic resistance, etc. Through these biocontrol mechanisms, they effectively control some devastating plant diseases. Present review describes the biocontrol mechanism of PGPB with special reference to cereal crops.

BackgroundClassification of breast leasions into different cytological groups (1-5) can accurately be done using the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of breast leasions has been considered to be the primary investigation in detecting breast cancers, especially in low-cost settings. The main objective of this study was to prospectively re-confirm the diagnostic accuracy of breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system. Additionally, separate separate secondary subgroup analysis was done to confirm the accuracy of breast FNAB excluding lymph-node positive and lymphadenopathy positive tumors.Material and methodsA prospective study was done in a tertiary care centre in North India on patients undergoing core-needle /incisional/excisional biopsy of breast lesions between 1st September 2019 to 30th November,2020 (519 biopsies on 487 unique patients). Of these 519 histopathology biopsies, 505 had corresponding FNAB report of the same site. The FNAB was reported using the IAC Yokohama system and the most suitable category was allotted in every case. The rates of malignancy for each category and the accuracy of breast FNAB in diagnosing malignancy were calculated.ResultsOf the total 487 patients, 120 cases were benign on histology, while 367 were malignant. The rates of malignancy in benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant categories were 5%, 25%, 71% and 99.7% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of atypical, suspicious and malignant categories was calculated as 90.1%, 95.2% and 93.3% respectively.ConclusionThe high sensitivity and specificity for each scenario for all tumors and for each examined BIRADS category/ies suggest excellent accuracy for Breast FNAB using the IAC Yokohama system.

Because of the huge spectrum of frequency and high data transfer capacity, MIMO structure is the most recent innovation for 5G communication. These systems are gainful for the improvement in the QoS in wireless communications over a solitary-antenna system. The gain is optimized when information of channel is present at the base station. In remote communications, channel state information (CSI) constitutes the properties of a communication medium which are known in nature. This information shows how a signal is transferred from the transmitting end to the receiving end and constitutes the combined outcomes of scattering, fading, and decaying power with distance. In this paper, the analysis of MIMO systems is done for perfect and imperfect CSI.

Fast data rates and higher capacity are the major promises in the communication network for the next generation. Due to technology advancement and market demands, wireless communication systems have undergone a revolution from past years. To achieve a manifold increase in capacity of the system, precoding is used at the base station. Now a day, hybrid precoding is in the air of wireless communication due to its high average achievable rate and low hardware complexity. However, finding the optimal solution to such hybrid precoding requires solving a challenging combinative problem. A known algorithm “orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)” can provide a reasonable solution at the cost of computational complexity. In this paper, an algorithm based on the principle of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is used for hybrid precoding in mmWave systems having large antenna arrays and channel sparsity. This paper gives the optimal solution for different values of channel sparsity and the number of transmitting/receiving antennas that approaches to approximate optimal unconstrained precoder. These solutions are shown by the simulation results of OMP algorithm-based hybrid precoder and show that they allow mmWave systems to approach their unconstrained performance limits. Therefore, to meet the requirements of the 5G network, the mmWave frequencies can be considered as one of the advanced technologies.

In this paper I talk about converge networks and its types, moving on I talk about the technological elements of the converged network. I give a detailed view of the benefits of converged networks and various challenges faced in its implementation while giving an informative view of various characteristics needed by a network to converge. I provide a solution for the challenges faced in converged network using JMX.

Background In the hand, giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bones account for 2 to 5% of all hand tumors; they are often seen in the metacarpals and phalanges, seldom in the carpal bones. In the carpal bones, GCT usually occurs as a single lesion, with multifocal involvement being extremely rare. On analysis of recent English literature, we could find out only two reports having simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones. Case Description We report a case of a 29-year-old female with simultaneous involvement of two carpal bones: capitate and hamate. After confirming the diagnosis by histopathological examination, the affected carpals were resected, and the defect was filled with autologous bone graft. Follow-up at 18 months demonstrated no evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease, and the patient is now having a reasonable hand function. Literature Review We analyzed nine case reports on GCTs in carpal bones in the past 25 years. Seven out of nine cases that we could analyze showed single carpal bone involvement (three capitate, two scaphoid, one hamate, one triquetrum). In these, four patients had undergone resection, and five patients had undergone curettage, of whom one patient came back 5 months later with recurrence. Only two cases were there with simultaneous involvement of multiple carpal bones. Both the cases were managed with resection and reconstruction with autologous graft iliac graft. Clinical Relevance GCTs of the carpal bones are relatively rare, and simultaneous involvement of two bones is rarer. Every attempt should be made to preserve useful wrist range of motion by excision and limited carpal fusion.

Introduction: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne bacterial infection of humans caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi that presents with prolonged fever unless suspected early. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological factors and clinical clues in this region for early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study conducted in all diagnosed scrub typhus cases admitted to the pediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital in-between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. One hundred and one patients admitted with IgM positive for scrub typhus over 2-year period were analyzed for the epidemiological factors and clinical features. Results: Male:female ratio is 1.4:1. The mean age of the patients in our cohort was 4.83 years, ranging from 0.25 to 14 years. Majority (79.2%) was from the rural area. Fever was present in all cases and about 81.19% of children presented with fever for >7 days. Other findings were hepatosplenomegaly (55.45%), respiratory problems (47.54%), abdominal symptoms (40.59%), eschar (26.74%), rashes (15.84%), altered behavior (9.9%) and lymphadenopathy (2.97%) of cases studied. Thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and raised C-reactive protein (CRP) were found characteristically. Defervescence after starting doxycycline was within 3.26 ± 2.26 days. Conclusions: Scrub typhus can present in various ways but mostly with prolonged fever. Hepatosplenomegaly, eschar, third spacing, raised CRP, and thrombocytopenia are important clues for early clinical diagnosis. Increased awareness and heightened suspicion, especially in the light of increasing number of patients are required for timely treatment and prevention of complications.

Neurological networks in an AI is the term used for mapped networks generated by an artificial intelligence, they are inspired by the biological neural networks and are a form of connectionism a term used for model behavior and mental phenomena. These systems learn and grow by seeing or processing various examples for doing a task without actually doing specific programming for the same the network will learn and grow according to the set of instructions provided to it by the programmer and modify itself to recognize and create patterns based on the requirements. The aim is to create an ultimate chess game that can learn using image modulation techniques and play against a real human. The initial data set for learning was provided using the ultimate chess guide as well as number of games against human and itself.

The rise of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem of the millennium. Clinical microbiology plays an important role in combating the problem by facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics thus managing infection in patients. Diagnostic failures are a major limiting factor during bacterial infection that causes inappropriate use of antibiotics, delay in start up of treatment and decrease in the survival rate during septic conditions. Thus rapid and reliable detection is highly relevant during such bacterial infections and also at the time of disease outbreak as many such pathogens can be used as biothreat agents or bioweapons affecting human health and posing risk to national security. This review highlights the importance of various methods for fast pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility determination. These methods have the potential to provide very precise and rapid ways for bacterial screening and identifying the correct antibiotics to cure infection

Intracranial translucency (IT) has been used extensively as an indirect marker to exclude open spina bifida (OSB) in the first trimester. Like any sonographic sign, the use of IT is fraught with issues like non-visualization due to shadowing from bone, poor distinction from the adjacent hypoechoic brainstem, etc. In view of these challenges, researchers have come up with additional markers of OSB in the first trimester. The aim of this paper is to illustrate these sonographic clues so as to improve diagnostic accuracy in cases where obliteration of IT is equivocal.

With an increase in the ageing population worldwide, the prevalence of osteoporosis increases at an alarming rate in both male and female irrespective of their ethnicity. At present, the currently available therapeutic options are mostly limited to either bone resorptive or bone forming efficacies and both approaches are associated with serious side effects. Despite these options, there is still need for newer therapeutics to treat osteoporosis, which can offer beneficial effects for maintaining balanced dynamics between bone formation and bone resorption, devoid of any side effect. The proper understanding of pathophysiology of the disease is essential for designing or investigating an effective and safe anti-osteoporotic agent. This review represents a discussion around the molecular targets with their implications in disease progression, available therapeutic options, the emerging targets, and the importance of designing an effective anti-osteoporotic agent.

During an anomaly scan, cystic lesion in the scalp may be encountered while examining the fetal head. Some of these originate from the scalp tissue and can be dealt with postnatally by simple excision. Others may be more than just scalp cysts and have an intracranial communication. The objective of this communication is to illustrate a few cystic lesions in the fetal scalp and suggest a systematic approach in arriving at a diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the documented Random Plasma glucose level and ECG ndings with the severity in Acute Organophosphorus poisoning. METHOD: A prospective observational study of 80 patients with alleged history of OP poisoning within 24 hours and fullling inclusion and exclusion criteria in MLN Medical College, Prayagraj from Jan 2019 to March 2020 irrespective of age and sex were included. The glycemic status, ECG ndings at the time of presentation was documented and same was correlated with severity using Peradeniya score and relevant statistics. RESULT:In present study, 16.7% of hypoglycemics and 10.3% of hyperglycemics had severe grade of poisoning based on POP scoring while none of the euglycemic had severe grade of poisoning and this was statistically signicant. Prolonged QT interval was the most common nding seen in 59 (73.8%) subjects. CONCLUSION: ECG can be used as a simple and effective method in predicting mortality and morbidity. RPG at admission in acute OPpoisoning patients is a simple, inexpensive tool that may help to predict the clinical outcome.

This paper presents a theoretical model for the generation of terahertz radiation by cosh-Gaussian laser beams of high intensity, which are capable of creating relativistic–ponderomotive nonlinearity. We find the components of the terahertz radiation for the relativistic laser plasma interaction, i.e. beating of the two lasers of same amplitude and different frequency in under dense plasma. We plot the electric field profile of the emitted radiation under the effect of lasers index. By creating a dip in peak of the incident lasers’ fields, we can achieve multifocal terahertz radiation.

We determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-17 neutralizing antibody on new bone regeneration. Anti-IL-17 antibody promoted new bone regeneration in cortical bone defect model by augmenting FOXO1 and ATF4 activity thereby decreasing oxidative stress. Our study demonstrates the bone healing and regeneration potential of neutralizing IL-17antibody in osteoporotic fractures.The immune system plays important role in the fracture healing process. However, fracture healing is prolonged in disorders associated with systemic inflammation. Fracture healing is decelerated in osteoporosis, condition linked with systemic inflammation. Bone regeneration therapies like recombinant human BMP2 are associated with serious side effects. Studies have been carried out where agents like denosumab and infliximab enhance bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. Our previous studies show the osteoprotective and immunoprotective effects of neutralizing IL-17 antibody. Here, we determine the effect of IL-17 neutralizing antibody on new bone regeneration and compare its efficacy with known osteoporotic therapies.For the study, female BALB/c mice were ovariectomized or sham operated and left for a month followed by a 0.6-mm drill-hole injury in femur mid-diaphysis. The treatment was commenced next day onwards with anti-IL-17, anti-RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or alendronate for a period of 3, 10, or 21 days. Animals were then autopsied, and femur bones were dissected out for micro-CT scanning, confocal microscopy, and gene and protein expression studies.Micro-CT analysis showed that anti-IL-17 antibody promoted bone healing at days 10 and 21, and the healing effect observed was significantly better than Ovx, anti-RANKL antibody, and ALN, and equal to PTH. Anti-IL-17 also enhanced new bone regeneration as assessed by calcein-labeling studies. Additionally, anti-IL-17 therapy enhanced expression of osteogenic markers and decreased oxidative stress at the injury site.Overall, our study demonstrates bone healing and regeneration potential of neutralizing IL-17 antibody in osteoporotic fractures.

Human adenovirus is an important cause of febrile illness affecting mainly respiratory system ranging from pharyngitis, coryza to fatal pneumonia. Though most of the infections are trivial and results in complete recovery but it may result in considerable morbidities and mortalities in selected patients who developed severe adenoviral infections especially Pneumonia(ADVP)/Lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI). Severe adenoviral pneumonia is notorious to produce long term sequelae in the form of post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) or even bronchiectasis. Here we present a case of a ten months old boy developed bronchiectasis as a sequela of severe adenoviral LRTI and needed prolonged and recurrent respiratory support in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) and ultimately discharged on home Humidified high flow nasal cannula(HHFNC).

Currently, more than thousands of agrochemicals or pesticides have been applied in agriculture at the different phases of growth at the start of germination to the fruiting stages of crops, vegetables, or fruits. Pesticides applied in agriculture have a different role such as to meet the requirements of nutrients in soils, or to check the growth of phytopathogens, or to control plant diseases. But the continuous application of chemical fertilizers or pesticides in agricultural land severally affect the texture, productivity of both plant and soil, native microflora of the soil, or the surrounding environments. After the application of pesticides on fruits, vegetables, and crops, some extent of these pesticides get deposited on different parts of fruits and crops as chemical resides. The consumption of these pesticide residues shows mutagenic, carcinogenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and also a range of health-related issues in human beings.

Mesothelioma is a locally aggressive tumour arising from mesothelial lining of serous cavities, commonest site being the pleura. Distant metastasis to extra thoracic lymph node is rare. We herewith report a case of pleural mesothelioma with extensive peritoneal involvement which was diagnosed after inguinal node biopsy. This case highlights the aggressive nature of mesothelioma along with unusual site of metastasis. Though rare, a differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma should be kept while dealing with patients presenting with ascites and inguinal lymphadenopathy. A high index of suspicion along with immunohistochemical confirmation can prevent disease progression and prolong patient survival.

Pulmonary disorders are causing a huge increments in the mortality rate. The main reason behind this is misinterpretation or delay in diagnosis of disease. Developing a computerized system which can help clinicians to remove this problem will give a better result in controlling these adverse effects of increasing mortality rate. Data collection and their preprocessing with the help of computerized system will tend to remove the chances of overlapping of results which may cause misinterpretation. For developing a computerized system. Data from 15 patients have been collected in the time period of one month. Along with the results of pulmonary function test the overlapping are easily visible which can be overcome by including heart sound and lung sound in our analysis. However, lung sound signals are subjected to different kind of noises. Therefore, six denoising techniques are Wavelet, Savitzky Golay Moving average filter, FIR, Median filter and Butterworth filter are implemented and evaluated. The performance of all the three filters are compared on the basis of signal to noise ratio. Wavelet denoising technique gives better result with a Signal to noise (SNR) value of 84.43dB.

Spread spectrum communication based on chaotic signal has become a fascinating part of research due to the dispersive nature of chaotic signal in the field of wireless communication. Different types of chaotic based SS system and their synchronization issues have been discussed in many research papers. Chaotic theory and its importance in spread spectrum system with different structured map is studied in this paper based on different assessments. Role of chaotic based spread spectrum is deliberated for different system, which is an advanced area of research in the arena of communication. Different schemes and techniques of their initial acquisition have compared in this paper for different spread spectrum systems.