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Aim: to evaluate the results of original manual intracorporeal end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Patients and methods: twenty-two patients with right colon cancer were included in the study: 17 females and 5 males aged 53.1±3.4 years. They underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with the standard D2 lymphadenectomy and intracorporeal ileotransverse anastomosis by the original technique. Follow-up period after surgery was 3 months.Results: no conversions to open surgery occurred. The operation time was 120.0±12.5 minutes, the median blood loss was 87.0±5.0 ml. Twenty (90.9%) patients are still under follow-up. The hospital stay was 11.4±2.6 days. There were no intraoperative complications. There were no cases of anastomotic leakage. No mortality occurred. At the time of the follow-up, all the patients are alive. Two (9.1%) patients have dropped out of control.Conclusion: the experience of the first 22 laparoscopic right hemicolectomies with intracorporeal laparoscopic end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis makes it possible to recommend this reliably safe method.

The article considers the conceptual foundations of the Digital Earth in the context of the socio-technogenic development of the world, the transfer of various social and natural processes to the virtual space for the purpose of subsequent modeling of scenarios of safe sustainable development.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the factors determining the magnitude and nature of the lag effect (residual signal) in the Varian PaxScan 4343CB flat-panel detector. Depending on the detector mode, typical value of residual signal is 1-2% after single exposed frame, increasing up to 3% after multiple exposures. The lag effect is the cause of up to 3.6% error of average flat-field signal measurement if used for averaging series of continuously exposed frames, which leads to incorrect assessment of X-ray attenuation coefficients. Spatial dependence of the lag effect is confirmed; the results of correction of projection images using spatially localized impulse response functions are demonstrated.

Visual Abstract, Highlights • Hypothalamic OXT neurons were chronically activated using a chemogenetic approach in an animal model of HF. • Synaptic release of OXT onto parasympathetic autonomic targets was reduced in animals with HF but restored with daily treatment consisting of activation of OXT neurons. • Long-term daily OXT neuron activation increased parasympathetic activity to the heart and reduced mortality, cardiac inflammation, and fibrosis and improved critical longitudinal in vivo indices of cardiac function. • The benefits in cardiac function and autonomic balance in HF closely tracked the study-designed differences in initiation of OXT neuron activation in different groups., Summary This work shows long-term restoration of the hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) network preserves OXT release, reduces mortality, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and improves autonomic tone and cardiac function in a model of heart failure. Intranasal administration of OXT in patients mimics the short-term changes seen in animals by increasing parasympathetic—and decreasing sympathetic—cardiac activity. This work provides the essential translational foundation to determine if approaches that mimic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) OXT neuron activation, such as safe, noninvasive, and well-tolerated intranasal administration of OXT, can be beneficial in patients with heart failure.

The shape and size of the projection of the focal spot of an x-ray tube largely depend on the direction of the beam, which results in a spatial difference of the point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. A model developed for determining the PSF at an arbitrary point of the radiation field is presented in this article. The input data for the model are the geometric parameters of the system, the measured magnified projection of the effective focal spot, and the PSF in the internal structure of the detector. The difference in the width of the profiles of the PSF between the experimental and modeled data does not exceed 7.2%. The projection images are reconstructed by means of a deconvolution algorithm using the modeled PSF. The frequency–contrast characteristics of the images show improvement compared with the initial image.

Background. Laparoscopic surgery becomes a standard treatment for many surgical diseases. Defects of a stapler laparoscopic mechanical suture during the formation of an anastomosis after hemicolectomy are detected in 18% of observed cases.Objective. Development, substantiate reproducibility and safety of a manual intracorporeal term-terminal invagination ileotransverse anastomosis method after performing the right laparoscopic hemicolectomy.Material and Methods. Authors presented a description of the technique and their own experience of performing laparoscopic hemicolectomy on the right with the formation of a manual original anastomosis in 10 patients with pathology of the right half of the colon. Eight patients (80.0%) had a malignant tumor of the right half of the colon, 1 patient (10.0%) showed multiple polyps of the cecum and the ascending part of the colon, 1 patient (10.0%) developed a cystic-solid submucosa tumor of the ileocecal angle. One patient had metastatic lung disease at the time of establishing diagnosis. The postoperative follow-up period was 7-18 months.Result. There were no conversions to open surgery. All operations (n = 10) were ended completely laparoscopically - right hemicolectomy with standard D2 lymph node dissection. In one patient, we revealed intraoperatively the spread of the tumor to the gallbladder, which required additional cholecystectomy. The duration of the operation was 122.5±10.7 min.; median blood loss was 107±5.2 ml. At the time of follow-up all patients are alive.Conclusion. The technique is universal in the surgical treatment of patients with various pathologies of the right half of the colon.

Nanostructured n-Bi2O3/p-CuBi2O4/p-CuO photocathodes with incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency IPCEmax = 70% (λ = 400 nm) have been prepared using electrochemical and chemical methods. Platelet-like BiOI nanocrystals electrochemically deposited on FTO substrate were used as precursors. CuI nanoparticles were deposited on the BiOI surface by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technique. Oxidative heat treatment of BiOI/CuI heterostructure in air leads to the formation of the Bi2O3/CuBi2O4/CuO composite. Binary oxide was formed as a result of solid-state interaction between bismuth and copper oxides at their interface. Spectral sensitization of wide-gap n-Bi2O3 (band gap Eg = 2.80 eV) with narrow-gap p-CuBi2O4 (Eg = 1.80 eV) and p-CuO (Eg = 1.45 eV) extends spectral sensitivity range up to 800 nm by Z-scheme implementation: cathodic photocurrent is associated with the transition of photoelectrons from p-CuBi2O4 and p-CuO to the solution, while photoholes recombine with electrons of n-Bi2O3 conduction band. High quantum efficiency of photocurrent was achieved due to band-edge correlation in a three-component oxide heterostructure, combined with an internal electric field in p-CuBi2O4 and effective photon absorption by two narrow-band-gap p-CuBi2O4 and p-CuO semiconductors.

Proposed use of modern data mining technologies for intelligent decision support systems for improving the efficiency of higher education institutions. Considered calculate approaches of job effectiveness indicators standard values and estimate of teaching work activities within the framework of performance-based contract of employment based on the academic and scientific data analysis accumulated by the electronic informational educational environment of a higher educational establishment. Proposed use of intelligent data mining techniques such as network graphs, outlier detection and cluster analysis. An attempt is being made to establish a self-organizing system in the teaching staff striving to prevent layoffs and maximize profits.

Glycemic control is the biggest challenge for athletes with diabetes mellitus (DM) on insulin therapy. Done well, it can keep glycogen metabolism normal and allow performance improvement through adjustment of the insulin doses to the specifics of nutrition and exercising. In DM Type 1 and Type 2 patients, intense physical activity and resistance exercising, as well as interval training, enable optimal physiological adaptation during the training period and prove to be beneficial when the athlete does one-time exercise sets. But for athletes with DM on insulin therapy, keeping blood glucose at the optimal level is not the only important issue. It is also necessary to factor in the potential body temperature regulation disturbances that increase the risk of heat stress during training/competition, learn the effects the drugs used by athletes may have on the glycemic status, control electrolyte balance and dehydration, know how to execute the application for permission to use insulin for therapeutic purposes submitted to the anti-doping organization. The purpose of this review was to draw attention of sports medicine physicians and coaches to the above problems and to the need for wider use of the new DM control technology; help athletes with DM on insulin therapy continuously perform well and ensure their athletic longevity.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recurrent obstruction of the upper airway due to the loss of upper airway muscle tone during sleep. OSA is highly prevalent, especially in obesity. There is no pharmacotherapy for OSA. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of leptin, an adipose-tissue-produced hormone, as a potent respiratory stimulant. Leptin signaling via a long functional isoform of leptin receptor, LEPRb, in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), has been implicated in control of breathing. We hypothesized that leptin acts on LEPRb positive neurons in the NTS to increase ventilation and maintain upper airway patency during sleep in obese mice. We expressed designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) selectively in the LEPRb positive neurons of the NTS of Leprb-Cre-GFP mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and examined the effect of DREADD ligand, J60, on tongue muscle activity and breathing during sleep. J60 was a potent activator of LEPRb positive NTS neurons, but did not stimulate breathing or upper airway muscles during NREM and REM sleep. We conclude that, in DIO mice, the stimulating effects of leptin on breathing during sleep are independent of LEPRb signaling in the NTS.

This article presents a comparative analysis of non-traditional images of otherness described by F. M. Dostoevsky in his short story Bobok (1873) and P. K. Dick in the novel Ubik (1969). With an interval of a century, the two works, Russian and American, describe the state of so-called “half-life” granted to people after their death before the final transition of the soul to the transcendent world. This state lasts from six months to two years, an artistic fiction where the writers demonstrate that their characters have lost their national eschatological traditions and their souls are filled with a moral vacuum as a result of the lost opportunity to correct their lives through “mortal memory”. Thus, their lives may be called “lives by inertia”. The article describes the theosophical influence of Heaven and Hell, a mystical work by E. Swedenborg, and The Tibetan Book of the Dead on the thanatological concepts of the works.

According to last research, receptors for vitamin D are found in many organs and tissues. Vitamin D deficiency leads to the development of pathological conditions in children and adults. The non-classical effects of vitamin D are important in modulating congenital and acquired immunity, regulating cell proliferation, in the progress of diabetes, the pathology of the cardiovascular system, and autoimmune diseases. The inverse correlation between the level of 25(OH)D3 and the incidence of cancer has been determined. Vitamin D affects the course of pregnancy, and the decidual and placental tissues synthesize 1.25(OH)2D. Vitamin deficiency is found in pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Timely diagnosis and adequate correction of the level of vitamin D in the blood reduces the risk of developing diseases.

A system currently under development for remote radiotherapy based on a 6 MeV linac and cone-beam computer tomograph is presented. Its distinguishing design features and solutions are described: compact 5-cm wavelength electron accelerator, solid-state modulator, visualization in the bremsstrahlung beam with low nominal energy 2.5 MeV, bremsstrahlung beam without a compensating filter, cone-beam computer tomography, multi-leaf collimator, adaptive radiotherapy, and a therapeutic table with six degrees of freedom. The system is compared with foreign analogs.

At present, there is no doubt about the recognition and high assessment of the artistic, journalistic and epistolary heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky in Italian culture and literary criticism. S. Aloe described in detail the difficult process of acquaintance of Italian Slavists and writers with the work of Dostoevsky, complicated for a number of years by the lack of translations of his works into Italian — readers could only get acquainted with French translations of his texts [Aloe]. The readers’ notes in the Viesse Cabinet in Florence, which allowed researchers to get acquainted with the writer’s reading circle, after 1881, the year of the writer’s death, showed the growing interest of Italian readers and foreign travelers to the works of Dostoevsky. The article analyzes the reception of the ideological and artistic heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky in the works of Italian writers, representatives of the verist movement, Gabriele D’Annunzio, Luigi Capuana and Grazia Deledda, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Study Objectives Obesity leads to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), hypoventilation during sleep resulting in daytime hypercapnia. Impaired leptin signaling in the brain was implicated in both conditions, but mechanisms are unknown. We have previously shown that leptin stimulates breathing and treats OSA and OHS in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin-resistant diet-induced obese mice and that leptin’s respiratory effects may occur in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). We hypothesized that leptin receptor LepRb-deficient db/db mice have obesity hypoventilation and that restoration of leptin signaling in the DMH will increase ventilation during sleep in these animals. Methods We measured arterial blood gas in unanesthetized awake db/db mice. We subsequently infected these animals with Ad-LepRb or control Ad-mCherry virus into the DMH and measured ventilation during sleep as well as CO2 production after intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of phosphate-buffered saline or leptin. Results Awake db/db mice had elevated CO2 levels in the arterial blood. Ad-LepRb infection resulted in LepRb expression in the DMH neurons in a similar fashion to wildtype mice. In LepRb-DMH db/db mice, ICV leptin shortened REM sleep and increased inspiratory flow, tidal volume, and minute ventilation during NREM sleep without any effect on the quality of NREM sleep or CO2 production. Leptin had no effect on upper airway obstruction in these animals. Conclusion Leptin stimulates breathing and treats obesity hypoventilation acting on LepRb-positive neurons in the DMH.

Obesity can lead to recurrent upper airway obstruction (obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) during sleep as well as alveolar hypoventilation. We have previously shown that leptin stimulates breathing and treats OSA in leptin-deficientob/obmice and leptin-resistant diet-induced obese mice. Our previous data also suggest that leptin’s respiratory effects may occur in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH). We selectively expressed leptin receptorLepRbin the DMH neurons of obeseLepRb-deficientdb/dbmice (LepRb-DMH mice), which hypoventilate at baseline, and showed that intracerebroventricular injection of leptin in these animals increased inspiratory flow, tidal volume and minute ventilation during NREM sleep without any effect on the quality of NREM sleep or CO2production. Leptin had no effect on upper airway obstruction inLepRb-DMHanimals. We conclude that leptin stimulates breathing and treats obesity related hypoventilation acting on LepRb-positive neurons in the DMH.

The necessity and trends of developing the methods of the pattern recognition theory for solving nonstandard tasks of train sorting at the marshalling yard have been substantiated. The examples of similar tasks from other spheres of production and social life have been given. We have proposed to expand the idea of class standard (the standard- line is being discussed in particular) and to introduce the notion of class limits. The method of evaluating the class structure, the mechanism of constructing the standard- line and the model of presenting the compact class limits have been developed.

We analyzed cytokine profile in blood serum of patients with uterine myoma and revealed significantly reduced level of IFNγ and a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of IL-1β and TNFα; the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 did not differ from those in healthy women. The drop in the concentrations of factors responsible for inflammation and angiogenesis in tissues are unfavorable for proliferation and differentiation of the uterine tissues.

Issues of otherness and the discovery of the meaning of life in the face of death, the central themes of Russian literature since its emergence, were especially relevant for the characters of Fyodor Dostoevsky. He revived the medieval idea of a mysterious combination of the human and the transcendental and demonstrated that the experience of death throughout life determines the nature of man’s activity: the meaning of life is acquired in the face of death. It is from these methodological positions that an analysis of the thanatological meanings of Dostoevsky’s texts should be carried out, as they function as the most important regulators of the worldviews and behaviour of his characters, whose psychological ideas regarding death play a significant role in the artistic system of his works. This article presents an analysis of the ideas of characters from Poor Folk, The Idiot, and The Brothers Karamazov about death and otherness. An analysis of this thanatological discourse shows the evolution of the characters of Dostoevsky’s later works to a transcendental analysis of non-existential subjects and the themes of posthumous retribution and rebirth of the soul., Вопросы инобытия и обретения смысла жизни перед лицом смерти, ставшие центральной темой памятников письменности с начала зарождения древнерусской литературы, особенно остро волновали героев Ф. М. Достоевского, возродившего средневековую идею таинственного соединения человеческого с трансцендентным и показавшего, что переживание смерти на протяжении всей жизни предопределяет характер деятельности человека, а смысл жизни обретается перед лицом смерти. Именно с этих методологических позиций следует осуществлять анализ танатологических смыслов текстов Достоевского как важнейших регуляторов мировоззренческих установок и поведения его героев, чьи психологические представления в отношении смерти играют большую роль в художественной системе произведений. В статье приведен анализ представлений героев ранней повести Достоевского «Бедные люди», романов «Идиот» и «Братья Карамазовы» о смерти и инобытии. Рассмотрение данного танатологического дискурса показывает эволюцию героев позднего творчества Достоевского к трансцендентному анализу инобытийной тематики и темы посмертного воздаяния и возрождения души.

The study examined the effect of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their products secreted into the conditioned medium on uterine microcirculatory bed in Wistar rats during chronic inflammation. The parameters of blood and lymphatic microcirculation in the uterus changed in various directions in relation to the administration routes of biomedical cell product, which is important when the cell therapy is employed in the treatment of inflammatory-degenerative alterations in the lesser pelvis organs.

The article presents literature data for the last 10 years on specific liver damage. There are three own clinical cases of syphilitic hepatitis, one of them - with a lethal outcome. Attention is drawn to the importance of early diagnosis of syphilitic hepatitis. The main criteria for the diagnosis of this pathology.

The article presents a discursive analysis of the eschatological chronotope L. Ulitskaya, presented in the collection of stories “People of our Tsar”.

The article considers a group of non-ferrous metal patches discovered in the territory of the Pruto-Dniester region. An analysis of several analogies allowed the authors to conclude that these items represent paired clothing clasps. The group of studied analogies features the flindings discovered in the Caucasus region where similar clasps existed for a long period of time. Caftans with paired clasps are a characteristic trait of a girl’s and in certain cases a woman’s ethnographic costume. Caftans with such clasps were worn over a dress. In terms of shape, the samples in question are most similar to the characteristic clasps present in Nogai women’s costume. The authors date the considered group of items 16th – 18th centuries and correlate it with the antiquities of the Nogais inhabiting the Black Sea and Budjak regions.

The paper considers the macro- and micro- element composition of two ash dumps in the Middle Urals, where meadow and forest communities have been spontaneously forming for 50 years, as well as the effect of the plants on the changing composition of the ash. Higher contents of Cu, Co, Sn, Ga, and Yb were found in the deep ash layers of both dumps, while in the upper 20-cm layer, the trace element composition depended on the influence of different plant communities. Higher contents of Sr, Cr, Ni, Sn, and Co were revealed under meadows, and Ba, Zr, and La were found under the forest. The levels of element accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts of dominant plants were revealed. Increased content of Be, Ce, Ga, La, Sc, Y, and Yb was detected in areas where meadow plants were dominant and Zn and Ba in forest areas. The toxic elements Cd and Pb were highly accumulated in both communities, whereas Co was found only in meadows. The studied materials can serve as a base to assess the feasibility of processing and/or utilizing fly ash from ash dumps in the Middle Urals and similar ash dumps in other regions situated in the southern taiga.

© 2018 The Authors., [Background]: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. [Patients and Methods]: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months., [Results]: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide., [Conclusion]: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits., Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Effects of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their secretory products released into the conditioned medium on microcirculatory bed in the broad ligament of the uterus were studied in Wistar rats with chronic genital inflammation. Opposite changes in the parameters of microcirculation and lymphatic drainage in the broad ligament of the uterus were observed after administration of cells and conditioned medium via different routes, which should be taken into account during the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the pelvic organs.

V.F. Odoyevsky sensitively sensed the binary oppositions of the material and transcendent worlds, continued in his work the philosophical comprehension of the themes of Memento mori and Vanitas. This article presents an analysis of thanatological discourse in the first Russian philosophical novel "Russian Nights", which includes fantastic stories, thoughts on eternal themes, and stories based on real events from Russian life.

The article deals with the polemical discourse of A.S. Norov, who was the hero of the war 1812, which he leads with Leo Tolstoy from the point of view of the direct participant in the battles with Napoleon. Analyzing then description of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812 in the novel of Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”, A.S. Norov opposes them to a description which was made by the hero Yermolov of the war of 1812. The authors speculate that the polemics of A.S. Norov with the Leo Tolstoys’ point of view to the driving forces in the war of 1812 would not be so acute if it is considered in the categories of literary criticism, as a polemical discourse of the work with artistic fiction (the novel by Leo Tolstoy) with a work of documentary where fiction is excluded (wroks by A.S. Norov).

Stages of model formation and "green" economy concept in the context of socio-technogenic develop-ment of the world are considered. It is revealed that in the second half of the XX century the interconnected changes in economy and nature generated the interest in formation in the world of environmental economics, searching ways of steady co-evolutional social natural development. It has predetermined the lines of interna-tional cooperation within the UN International Confe-rence on environmental and development matters (1972, 1992, 2002, 2012, 2015, etc.). The conferences served to establish the interrelation of social, economic and ecological factors, to emphasize the importance of interaction of the country governments, business and public organizations in achievement of global ecologi-cal efficiency, the formation of ecologically focused model of economy adopted in the 21st century as a model of "green" economy. However, despite the in-ternational activity of the countries, science and busi-ness, a comprehensive scientific analysis showed dis-appointing results of strengthening modern degradation processes in biosphere. The "green" industrial revolu-tion which is developed now in the world is intended to connect the potential of economic growth with inten-tions of essential reduction of load on the planet eco-systems. It is proved that "green" economy model which is actively spread in industrially developed countries of the world combines a limited economic growth and safe, careful attitude to natural processes. Using the methodology of the system socio-natural approach (overcoming a narrow framework of a socio-economic research method) it is defined that "green" economic activity is implemented due to development of the innovative technologies and technosphere sub-stances developed according to market laws in accor-dance with corporate business interests. The conclusion is drawn that expansion of artificial processes and sub-stances due to technocratic-cantered liberal economic activity leads to increase of technogenesis of socio-biospheric evolution to more distancing of modern society from natural environment. Therefore the world community when developing programs of a new "green" paradigm of economic activity (as part of the concept of sustainable development) needs to prove exhaustively scientifically how socially and economi-cally responsible and whenever possible with the min-imum damage to the biosphere to combine expansion of technogenic processes with the developing natural life.

Contemporary models and systems of data visualization, implemented on the basis of information technology, individually cover social, technological and natural processes of the world development. Modern world is developing in the conditions of transformational transitional processes, when the artificial shell, the technosphere, created by the society becomes the leading life-support system instead of the biosphere. It is a full-fledged participant in the exchange processes between a globalizing technogenic society and transforming nature, which allows us to talk about forming socio-techno-natural laws of developing the world and life. There are no integrative visual models in the world that represent evolutionary changes in three systems simultaneously – society (and man), the technosphere and the technologically transformed biosphere, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the formation of a sustainable future for humanity in connection with the expansion of socio-technonatural processes. The generally recognized visualization methodology must be supplemented by the methodology of the philosophy of the world socio-technogenic development and the change in the evolution of life for a better visual representation and explanation of the transformation processes taking place in the changing world that is becoming post-biospheric. Interdisciplinary philosophical view allows capturing the world in the integrity of its diverse characteristics and at the same time forming a problem field for visualizing transformational processes. The fundamental role of the integration link belongs to information technology, which allows us to represent visually heterogeneous data with the aim of further developing models for the safe development of mankind in the technosphere.

The cell composition of leukocyte infiltrates in the endometrium, myometrium, and vaginal walls was studied in Wistar rats with modeled chronic endomyometritis after administration of IFNγ (0.1 μg/100 g body weight) in different daily regimens (10.00 or 20.00). Morning injections of this cytokine ameliorated inflammatory infiltration of the uterine wall and vagina, but increased the content of neutrophils in the endometrium. Evening cytokine injections reduced neutrophilic infiltration, enhanced mononuclear infiltration, and had no effect on plasmacytic infiltration of the uterine and vaginal walls. In the vaginal wall, both IFNγ administration schedules decreased neutrophil content. The data indicate the necessity to take into account the circadian rhythms in IFN therapy.

This article presents a conceptualized analysis of technology-related risks for a transportation safety system. It also considers its subsystems that impact safety. The scheme developed allowed defining the key factor influencing transport safety through accounting various destabilizing impacts. The authors claim that the human factor is the key one, which is especially true for locomotive crews responsible for transportation. Locomotive crew working conditions are described in a visualized combination of negative effects people suffer in an engine cab. Based on the statistics collected and analyzed, the article presents specific occupational diseases of transportation workers. The dynamics of mental capacity and the state of the cardiovascular system of locomotive crews were analyzed using the WAIS test. The research results can be used in the practices of the Russian Railways to facilitate the efficiency and coherence in decision making related to labor safety.

In the XXI century, the world of man and nature develops mainly in socio-technogenic living conditions. Global technospherization of the planet Earth is the most important cause of continuous socio-cultural, techno-medical and biological changes in man. In technical, natural and human studies a human is usually considered from the point of view of only one discipline. This narrow approach leaves its incorrect mark when recreating the new image of a human in the virtual environment of the digital image of the world. Digital Earth technologies establish a link between the spheres: social, biospheric, natural-inanimate and artificial, created by society using a number of important sciences. It is necessary to approach systematically the representation of the evolving human being in the constantly updated digital space of the planet, to supplement the existing developments of scientists with a scientific and philosophical understanding of the interdisciplinary processes of socio-technogenic development of the biosphere life. Scientific visualization of interrelated evolutionary changes in man is of great interest for the Digital Earth project both from the point of view of studying anthropogenesis, and from the point of view of developing promising programs for preserving his biosphere body and natural health in a developing socio-technogenic world.

Evidence of impaired function of orexin neurons has been found in individuals with cardiorespiratory disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Individuals with OSA and SIDS experience repetitive breathing cessations and/or rebreathing of expired air, resulting in hypoxia/hypercapnia (H/H). In this study, we examined the responses of fluorescently identified rat orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus to acute H/H to test if and how these neurons alter their activity and function during this challenge. Experiments were conducted in an in vitro slice preparation using voltage-clamp and current-clamp configurations. H/H (10 min) induced hyperpolarization, accompanied by rapid depression, and finally, cessation of firing activity in orexin neurons. Hypoxia alone had similar but less potent effects. H/H did not alter the frequency of inhibitory glycinergic postsynaptic currents. The frequency of GABAergic currents was diminished but only at 8–10 min of H/H. In contrast, the frequency of excitatory glutamatergic postsynaptic events was diminished as early as 2–4 min of H/H. In the presence of glutamatergic receptor blockers, the inhibitory effects of H/H on the firing activity and membrane potential of orexin neurons persisted but to a lesser extent. In conclusion, both direct alteration of postsynaptic membrane properties and diminished glutamatergic neurotransmission likely contribute to the inhibition of orexin neurons by H/H. These mechanisms could be responsible for the decreased function of orexin in individuals at risk for OSA and SIDS.

Size-dependent photocurrent switching has been investigated in chemical bath deposited CdSe quantum dot (QD) films with band gaps 2.26, 2.09, and 1.81 eV (corresponds to nanoparticles’ average diameter of 4, 5, and 10 nm). CdSe films generate only anodic photocurrent (exhibit n-type semiconductor behavior) in the solution which contains only acceptor of photoholes (SO3 2− anions), whereas cathodic photocurrent (corresponding to p-type behavior) arises after immersion of the films in polyselenide electrolyte (containing Sen 2−/Se2− redox system). Appearance of the cathodic photocurrent is related to chemisorptions of Se2− and Sen 2− anions, as revealed by the cadmium underpotential deposition (UPD). Photocurrent switching from anodic to cathodic becomes more pronounced with decreasing of CdSe nanoparticle size because small quantum dots with their broadened band gaps have more favorable conduction band energy for electron injection to polyselenide anions. On the contrary, particle size does not play a significant role for the injection of photoholes into the electrolyte because the position of the valence band is weakly size-dependent, and anodic photocurrent is determined primarily by the real surface area of the electrode, which was found to be greater than the geometrical one by 1–2 orders of magnitude from cadmium UPD. Effective charge separation at the highly developed CdSe-electrolyte interface contributes to high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of photocurrent (IPCE ~40 %).

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods of treating opioid-induced respiratory depression in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering leptin.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western Society. The loss of motor input to the tongue and specifically to the genioglossus muscle during sleep is associated with pharyngeal collapsibility and the development of OSA. We applied a novel chemogenetic method to develop a mouse model of sleep disordered breathing Our goal was to reversibly silence neuromotor input to the genioglossal muscle using an adeno-associated viral vector carrying inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs AAV5-hM4Di-mCherry (DREADD), which was delivered bilaterally to the hypoglossal nucleus in fifteen C57BL/6J mice. In the in vivo experiment, 4 weeks after the viral administration mice were injected with a DREADD ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, i.p., 1mg/kg) or saline followed by a sleep study; a week later treatments were alternated and a second sleep study was performed. Inspiratory flow limitation was recognized by the presence of a plateau in mid-respiratory flow; oxyhemoglobin desaturations were defined as desaturations >4% from baseline. In the in vitro electrophysiology experiment, four males and three females of 5 days of age were used. Sixteen–nineteen days after DREADD injection brain slices of medulla were prepared and individual hypoglossal motoneurons were recorded before and after CNO application. Positive mCherry staining was detected in the hypoglossal nucleus in all mice confirming successful targeting. In sleep studies, CNO markedly increased the frequency of flow limitation n NREM sleep (from 1.9 ± 1.3% after vehicle injection to 14.2 ± 3.4% after CNO, p < 0.05) and REM sleep (from 22.3% ± 4.1% to 30.9 ± 4.6%, respectively, p < 0.05) compared to saline treatment, but there was no significant oxyhemoglobin desaturation or sleep fragmentation. Electrophysiology recording in brain slices showed that CNO inhibited firing frequency of DREADD-containing hypoglossal motoneurons. We conclude that chemogenetic approach allows to silence hypoglossal motoneurons in mice, which leads to sleep disordered breathing manifested by inspiratory flow limitation during NREM and REM sleep without oxyhemoglobin desaturation or sleep fragmentation. Other co-morbid factors, such as compromised upper airway anatomy, may be needed to achieve recurrent pharyngeal obstruction observed in OSA.

Information on geochemistry and mineralogy of antimony, its resources in Russia, fields of application, situation on the world market is provided.

We compared the effectiveness of immunomodulators used in the treatment of patients with chronic salpingitis and oophoritis with or without changes in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in blood lymphocytes at incubation with the drug. Diurnal variations in individual reaction of SDH in blood lymphocytes to thymalin or ridostin were revealed. In the groups of women receiving ridostin or thymalin during the reaction of lymphocyte SDH to it, improvement of clinical laboratory and immunological parameters was observed in the majority of the patients and no effect was found in a lesser group of patients than in the groups treated with drugs during the absence of lymphocyte SDH reaction thereto. The timing of the presence of SDH reaction to drugs in the immunocompetent cells makes it possible to set the optimal daily regime of their application and to select a drug that would be most effective in each particular case.

The Explanatory Palaea (Rus. Tolkovaya Paleya) is now known to us in the form of over 15 texts dating back to between the 14th and the 17th centuries. It provides a full description of cosmogenesis, the creation of Adam, the structure of the human body, the interaction between soul and body, and the forms of spiritual substances. It also contains natural scientific representations of physical phenomena. Together with the explanation of ontological problems, it describes the structure of the universe, the earth, and the next world. Like the Biblical books of the Old and New Testament, the Explanatory Palaea establishes the principal worldview to be found in medieval Russian texts. The descriptions in it are accompanied by polemics and invectives against the Jews, who refused to accept the main principles of Christian doctrine, pagans, and Muslims. The aforementioned makes it possible to view the Explanatory Palaea as a historic ancient Russian manuscript, truly outstanding due to its absolutely unique worldview and its incomparable religious, philosophical, and scientific content. Of special interest is the depiction of the disruption of noumenal beings and the emergence of the binary opposition between good and evil as a result of the fall of the archistrategos of the tenth angelic order. The Genesis catastrophe results in the emergence of evil, a phenomenon originally not included in the divine conception of the creation of the world., Толковая Палея дошла до нас более чем в 15 списках XIV–XVII вв. В ней подробно описаны космогенез, сотворение Адама и устройство человеческого организма, взаимодействие души и тела, формы духовных сущностей, даны естественнонаучные трактовки физических явлений. Наряду с толкованием онтологических проблем, описаны устройство вселенной, устроение земли и топосы иного мира. Как и библейские книги Ветхого и Нового Заветов, Палея считается произведением мировоззренчески установочным и ключевым в иерархии памятников средневековой русской письменности. Описательные моменты сопровождаются в памятнике полемическими толкованиями и инвективами против иудеев, не принявших основные положения доктрины христианства, а также полемическими выпадами против язычников и магометан. Все это позволяет рассматривать Толковую Палею как памятник древнерусской мысли, который со стороны его идейно-мировоззренческого, религиозно-философского и естественнонаучного содержания имеет совершенно особое значение среди памятников письменности Древней Руси. Особый интерес представляет изображение раскола ноуменальных сущностей и появление бинарных оппозиций добра и зла в результате падения Архистратига десятого ангельского чина. Результатом бытийственной катастрофы становится появление зла как явления, не заложенного в Божественную концепцию творения мира.