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A 31-year-old African American woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (recent CD4 count of 66/mm) presented to the emergency room with a tension pneumothorax that required an emergent chest tube placement. Computed tomography scan showed fungus balls in multiple lung cavities and surrounding infiltrates. The patient showed remarkable improvement with voriconazole suggesting aspergillosis. However, the patient was serologically negative for Aspergillus and other common fungal infections. Because of a persistent air leak, surgical intervention was needed. The histological finding was consistent with invasive mycosis, and cultures were positive for Scedosporium apiospermum. Literature review showed that, among patients with HIV/AIDS, Scedosporium can present from focal localized to systemic disease, is resistant to traditional antifungal agents, and may respond to prompt management with voriconazole.

Focal involvement by endometrioid adenocarcinoma in an extrauterine adenomyoma in a patient with stage 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma presented a unique problem in staging and management of extrauterine endometrial cancer.A 49-year-old white woman, gravida 0, referred for endometrioid adenocarcinoma was found to have an extrauterine adenomyoma involved with endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the inguinal canal after surgical staging. The endometrioid adenocarcinoma involving the extrauterine adenomyoma was low-grade and noninvasive, representing an embryological anomaly transformed into endometrioid adenocarcinoma by unopposed estrogen. Stage 1A, grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and observed.Stage 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma with concurrent, noninvasive, focal involvement in an extrauterine adenomyoma represents a secondary site and does not alter disease stage.

Neuropathologic examination of two siblings with phenotypic features consistent with Marden-Walker syndrome revealed central nervous system abnormalities which include reduction in the number of spinal anterior horn cells. The occurrence of these changes in a sibling pair provides strong evidence for a genetic etiology. The relationship between the neuropathologic changes and other phenotypic manifestations in this syndrome and in the closely related syndrome of Pena-Shokeir are discussed.

We describe Barrett's esophagus occurring in a 3–week-old male. The finding of columnar cell-lined lower esophageal epithelium in the presence of gastroesophageal reflux supports the theory of an acquired phenomenon and suggests that the metaplaslic process may have begun in the perinatal period.

We describe 2 sibs with Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome. Although an ultrasound scan performed at 13 weeks of gestation failed to identify specific abnormalities, repeat scan at 17 weeks detected tetraphocomelia. Ultrasonography can reliably detect Roberts-SC phocomelia prenatally; however, serial scans may be needed. Postmortem examination of the proposita confirmed the sonographic findings and also disclosed dysplastic kidneys and ovarian dysgenesis. The degree of phenotypic variation observed between the sibs supports the hypothesis that Roberts syndrome and SC phocomelia represent a single genetic entity.

A Coulter EPICS 741 Flow Cytometer was used at sea to measure distributions in phytoplankton refractive index and size within the North Sea. The optical data gathered by the flow cytometer, multi-band fluorescence and multi-angle light scatter, agreed well with coincident measurements of in vivo fluorescence. By gating on fluorescence, unique subpopulations of phytoplankton may be isolated optically from all other particles within a natural population. At several coastal stations, a unique subpopulation of phytoplankton was found which appeared to contain both chlorophyll and phycoerythrin. Using Mie scatter theory and flow cytometric measurements of light scatter in the near-forward and side directions, this population was found to be composed of cells of refractive index between 1.07 and 1.095 and spherical diameter between 7 and 9 pm (verified using Coulter volume measurements).