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Background: The authors examined whether or not ≤3 days wearing Actical® accelerometers provided acceptable results in comparison with the recommendation of ≥4 days in women across gestation. Methods: A total of 26, 76, and 57 participants at early, mid, and late pregnancy, respectively, were assessed. Participants were instructed to wear the device for 7 days and women who wore it for ≥4 days were included. For each participant, 3, 2, and 1 day(s) were randomly selected. Paired comparisons, intraclass correlations coefficients, and kappa statistics were performed for ≥4 days (criterion) versus 3, 2, and 1 day(s). Averages (in minutes per day) of sedentary time, light, moderate, vigorous, moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) and steps per day were examined. Results: When 3 valid days were compared with the criterion, no significant differences were found for any gestational period. The intraclass correlations coefficients were “high” for all PA-related variables. The k values varied from .819 to .838 across pregnancy (“strong”). Two and 1 valid day(s) versus the criterion showed significant differences in some PA intensities, reduced intraclass correlations coefficients, “moderate” k values for 2 valid days (.638–.788) and “minimal-to-moderate” k values for 1 valid day (.367–.755). Conclusion: In pregnant women during early, mid, and late pregnancy, PA data obtained from 3 valid days of wear was equivalent and agreed with ≥4 valid days.

Introduction: Obesity in children and adolescents is usuallyrelated to metabolic alterations, and intervention programs are one of the strategies for the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities. At the beginning of the intervention, the stages of readiness to change behavior indicate specific habits that the teenager plans to modify or not, and how long he or she intends to make the alterations. Objective: To assess the metabolic profile and their association with the stages of readiness to change eating habits and exercise behaviors in adolescents with overweight. Methods: Eighty-three adolescents with excess body weight underwent an assessment of anthropometric variables and metabolic profile (glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, non-HDL-c, VLDL, triglycerides, insulin). Besides, the stages of readiness to change behaviors for “size and amount of portions,” “amount of fat in the diet,” fruits and vegetable consumption,” and “physical activity practice,” anthropometric variables and metabolic profile were compared according to the stages of change. Results: About “fruits and vegetable consumption,” adolescents in the Maintenance group presented lower body weight than those from Action and Preparation groups. The Action group presented higher body weight than group “Contemplation” and it showed higher non-HDL-cholesterol than the groups “Pre-contemplation” and “Preparation.” In “physical activity practice,” the Maintenance group presented lower body weight, Body Mass Index, and body fat (in kg) than Action, Preparation, and Contemplation groups. The alterations in HDL-cholesterol reduced as the stages of change progressed in the “physical activity practice” domain. Conclusion: The stages of readiness to change behaviors impact anthropometric and metabolic variables in adolescents with excess body weight, and it is a recommended instrument to monitor intervention programs.

INTRODUCTION Adherence to physical activity (PA) and gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations during pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes, including reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Limited research has evaluated the effect of meeting PA in combination with GWG recommendations on placental efficiency (Pl-E), a surrogate marker of the placenta's ability to exchange nutrients and gas based on surface area. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare Pl-E based on meeting PA and GWG recommendations. METHOD Healthy pregnant women (n = 61) wore accelerometers in their second and third trimesters to objectively measure PA. Women were classified as active or inactive at each time point based on meeting the 2019 Canadian prenatal PA guidelines. Total GWG was calculated as weight measured in the third trimester minus self-reported prepregnancy weight, and were categorized as insufficient (n = 19), adequate (n = 22), and excessive (n = 20) according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Placental weight (PW) and birth weight (BW) were measured within 30 min of delivery and 24-48 h postdelivery, respectively. Pl-E was determined in three ways: BW:PW ratio, residual BW, and measured BW, with a higher value indicating better Pl-E. Pl-E was compared by PA and GWG status using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS No differences were found in the BW:PW ratio or residual BW corresponding to PA and GWG status. Measured BW was significantly higher in newborns of women who gained weight excessively compared with those who gained insufficient weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that prenatal PA does not compromise Pl-E; however, further research is required to evaluate the potential mechanistic benefits of meeting PA and GWG guidelines on the placenta.

Limited research has measured the effect of physical activity (PA) interventions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among pre-school-aged children. This study evaluates the effect of the Activity Begins in Childhood (ABC) cluster-randomized controlled trial designed to increase PA in the ages 3–5 years on HRQoL. This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial where the intervention group included PA education delivered to daycare providers only, or daycare providers and parents. In the current study, the two PA intervention groups were combined. The comparator group received standard daycare curriculum (COM). A total of 215 children were included (PA n = 161, COM n = 54). Parents completed the proxy Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scale (PedsQL™ 4.0) to measure HRQoL at baseline and the end of the 6-month trial. HRQoL scores were analyzed as physical, psychosocial, and total domains. Baseline and 6-months measurements were compared for PA and COM groups, and mean changes in scores (95% confidence intervals) were measured using absolute values. No between-group differences were observed for the physical (p = 0.17), psychosocial (p = 0.95) or total scores (p = 0.20). Paired comparisons showed that only the PA group improved psychosocial- (PA mean difference = 2.18 (0.20, 4.15), p = 0.03; COM mean difference = 2.05 (− 1.03, 5.13), p = 0.19) and total-HRQoL scores (PA mean difference = 2.83 (1.83, 3.84), p

Objetivo: Descrever intensidades de esforço (frequência cardíaca e percepção subjetiva de esforço) de uma sessão de dança de salão (i.e., forró), relacionando com a reativação parassimpática (e.g., recuperação da frequência cardíaca) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (e.g., máxima velocidade aeróbia) em mulheres. Método: Estudo observacional, com a participação de 17 mulheres saudáveis com idade de 18-24 anos. No primeiro encontro realizou-se a sessão de Forró de 40 minutos (nove músicas; variações de xote e baião; monitoramento da frequência cardíaca e percepção subjetiva de esforço). Com intervalo de 24-48 horas, realizou-se teste incremental máximo para determinação da máxima velocidade aeróbia em esteira. Resultados: A intensidade da sessão de forró variou entre moderada e vigorosa com diferenciação entre as intensidades do xote (ritmo lento, moderada intensidade) e baião (ritmo rápido, vigorosa intensidade) a partir do percentual de frequência cardíaca máxima e com aumento linearizado para a percepção subjetiva de esforço. A máxima velocidade aeróbia foi inversamente correlacionada (moderadas/elevadas correlações) às respostas da: i) frequência cardíaca em cinco músicas; ii) percentual de frequência cardíaca máxima em três músicas; iii) percepção subjetiva de esforço em uma música. Não houve associação entre reativação parassimpática e as respostas fisiológicas/perceptuais à sessão de forró. Conclusão: A intensidade de uma sessão de forró varia entre moderada e vigorosa com melhor caracterização de intensidade de diferentes estilos (xote e baião) pelo percentual de frequência cardíaca máxima em comparação à percepção subjetiva de esforço. O forró pode ser usado para promover melhoras à saúde já que apresenta estímulo suficiente para tal.

Pregnant women are recommended to engage in 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week to reduce pregnancy complications. Many women struggle to remain physically active throughout pregnancy, and there is no consensus about whether women adopt a less efficient movement pattern as they progress through pregnancy and experience gestational weight gain. This study assessed the change in energy expenditure and mechanical efficiency in pregnant women (PREG; n = 10) when performing a walking treadmill task in early, mid, and late pregnancy and also compared with an age- and body mass index-matched, nonpregnant (CON; n = 10) group. On average, the PREG group gained within the Institute of Medicine’s gestational weight gain guidelines (11.6 ± 3.6 kg) and were all inactive (measured using accelerometry), except for 1 participant, by the third trimester, as per the 2019 Canadian physical activity guidelines for pregnant women. Energy expended to complete the walking task increased throughout pregnancy and was higher than the controls (111.5 ± 24.6 kcal) in mid and late pregnancy (139.0 ± 22.2 kcal, p = 0.02, and 147.3 ± 24.6 kcal, p = 0.005, respectively), but not early pregnancy (129.9 ± 18.9 kcal, p = 0.08). Walking mechanical efficiency was similar within pregnant women at each time point and compared to nonpregnant controls. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that pregnant women can safely perform physical activity by showing that walking mechanical efficiency is unchanged at low to moderate intensities. Novelty Energy demand during exercise increases proportionally to weight gain across pregnancy trimesters. However, mechanical efficiency remains unchanged during low- to moderate-intensity walking.

Traditionally, resting heart rate variability (rHRV) is measured for 10 min using the last 5 min for analyses (e.g., criterion period). It is unknown whether the measurement period can be shortened in pregnant women as there are currently no established standards. We aimed to compare shorter time segments (e.g., from the 1st to 10th minutes) of the parasympathetic index natural logarithm transformation of root mean square of successive R–R differences (Ln rMSSD) with the criterion period in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Twelve pregnant (age: 30.8 ± 3.4 years; gestational age: 20.1 ± 5.0 weeks) and 15 nonpregnant women (age: 29.8 ± 4.0 years) were included. rHRV was measured using a portable heart rate monitor for 10 min while sitting. Ln rMSSD difference/agreement between shorter time segments and criterion period was analyzed. The result observed between the 4th–5th minutes was the shortest time segment not different from/highly agreed with the criterion period in pregnant women (difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: −0.10 [−0.22 to 0.02]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.06 [−0.38 to 0.25]). In nonpregnant women, the 2nd–3rd-minute segment was the shortest with similar results (difference [95% CI]: −0.04 [−0.15 to 0.07]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.03 [−0.39 to 0.32]). The Ln rMSSD was found to be stable from the 5th–10th minutes and the 3rd–10th minutes in pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively. A shortened rHRV assessment can increase its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings.Novelty Ln rMSSD can be measured for 5 min in pregnant women, with the last 1-min segment analyzed. The last 1-min segment from 3 min can be used for rHRV measurement in nonpregnant women. The shortened rHRV assessment can facilitate its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as barreiras e o estágio de mudança de comportamento para a prática de atividade física no tempo livre em uma amostra de pacientes com hipertensão arterial. Estudo transversal realizado com 55 pacientes (69,1% de mulheres, idade entre 31-89 anos) que frequentavam o Modelo de Atenção as Condições Crônicas de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Guarapuava, Paraná. As barreiras para prática de atividades físicas foram determinadas por instrumento padronizado e validado. Dezenove barreiras foram classificadas em “barreira percebida” (sempre e quase sempre) e “barreira não-percebida” (às vezes, raramente e nunca). As barreiras foram categorizadas nas dimensões ambientais, sociais, fisiológicas/físicas e psicológicas/comportamentais. Os estágios de prontidão foram usados para classificar os pacientes em “ativos” (estágios ação e manutenção) e “não ativos” (estágios pré-contemplação, contemplação e preparação). A frequência (%) de barreiras percebidas foi associada à prontidão para prática de atividades físicas por meio do teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. As três barreiras mais prevalentes foram: “falta de energia ou cansaço” (54,5%), “falta de clima adequado” (47,3%) e “limitações físicas” (42,6%). Foram identificadas 10 barreiras mais frequentes em pacientes não ativos comparados aos ativos, sendo quatro fisiológicas/físicas, três psicológicas/comportamentais, duas ambientais e uma social. Pacientes obesos apresentaram maior quantidade de barreiras fisiológicas/físicas que os não-obesos. Considerando os fatores limitantes na incorporação de uma vida mais ativa em pacientes hipertensos, o presente estudo pode auxiliar a estabelecer estratégias específicas no contexto da atenção básica.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever experiências e resultados vinculados ao projeto de extensão “Clínica e Academia Escola de Educação Física: prescrição de exercícios físicos baseados em evidências científicas”. O público atendido é constituído de pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas. A prescrição dos exercícios é planejada e ministrada por acadêmicos, pós-graduandos e docentes mediante informações individualizada do participante. O programa é elaborado considerando evidências científicas obtidas a partir de diretrizes e ensaios clínicos randomizados que respaldam a determinação da dose adequada de exercícios físicos individualizados. Resultados de 64 pacientes revelaram melhoras significativas na adiposidade abdominal, na força de preensão manual, na frequência cardíaca de repouso e na pressão arterial diastólica. Em relação à qualificação, observou-se envolvimento e interesse dos acadêmicos com programas de mestrado, de residência e com a prática profissional neste contexto, durante e após a graduação. A proposta extensionista tem potencial de desenvolvimento contínuo, aplicação prática e formação profissional, consolidando em importante papel das instituições de ensino superior no que diz respeito à consolidação da tríade acadêmica: ensino, pesquisa e extensão.

The objective this study was to describe experiences that reflect interactive actions in the program content of the Physical Education and Primary Health Care (PHC) course in the undergraduate (bachelor) degree in Physical Education at the Midwestern Parana State University (UNICENTRO). Activities that aimed to promote students’ understanding of the area and of their role in the health care team through interactions with other professors and professionals from the multidisciplinary residency with emphasis in family health for professionals of Physical Education, Nutrition, Nursing and Physical Therapy are described. The highlighted activities include a review of the legislation supporting the inclusion of the Physical Education professional in the PHC as well as documentaries based on previous reports from a professor in the area. Moreover, studies regarding the skills of the Physical Education professional in Primary Health Care, a comparison between the reality of Primary Health Care in Canada and the PHC, and the interventions developed by the multidisciplinary residents representing Physical Education. We hope this experience report facilitates continuous discussion about the teaching-learning process in the field of Physical Education and public/collective health, mainly in the field of Primary Health Care.

Misconceptions about pregnant women who have obesity exist in the media and scientific literature. These misconceptions might negatively influence research quality and the delivery of health care. In 2014, Chaput and colleagues[1][1] published a commentary discussing widespread misconceptions about

Background High-intensity training methods are generally recommended to increase muscle mass and strength, with training loads of 60-70% 1RM for novice and 80-100% 1RM for advanced individuals. Blood flow restriction training, despite using lower intensities (30-50% 1RM), can provide similar improvements in muscle mass and strength. However, studies commonly investigate the effects of blood flow restriction training in large muscular groups, whereas there are few studies that investigated those effects in smaller muscle groups, such as the muscles involved in grasping (e.g, wrist flexors; finger flexors). Clinically, smaller muscular groups should also be considered in intervention programs, given that repetitive stress, such as repeated strain injuries, affects upper limbs and may lead to chronic pain and incapacity for work. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of blood flow restriction training in strength and anthropometric indicators of muscular volume in young women. Hypothesis The effect of blood flow restriction training in handgrip strength (HGS) and muscular volume of young women can be similar to traditional training, even with lower loads. Methods Twenty-eight university students, 18 to 25 years of age, were randomly assigned into two groups, blood flow restriction training (BFR, n = 14) and traditional training (TRAD, n = 14). The anthropometric measures and maximum handgrip strength (MHGS) test were performed before and after the intervention. The participants did three weekly sessions of dynamic concentric contraction exercises on a dynamometer for four weeks (12 sessions). Each session had a time length of five minutes and the intensity was established from a percentage of MHGS at 30-35% in the first week, 40-45% in the second and 50-55% in third/fourth weeks. Three sets of 15-25 handgrip repetitions were performed until a failure with a 30 seconds rest for BFR training and three sets of 8-12 repetitions with one-minute rest for TRAD training. Results A significant increase was found in the arm muscle circumference (20.6 ± 2.2 vs 21.6 ± 1.7cm) and right MHGS (32.7 ± 4.5 vs 34.3 ± 4.1 kgf) and left MHGS (28.0 ± 5.5 vs 30.9 ± 4.1 kgf) for the BFR training, and the left MHGS (27.6 ± 5.0 vs 31.0 ± 6.1 kgf) for the TRAD training. Conclusion Dynamometer training with blood flow restriction, performed with low to moderate loads, was more effective than the traditional training in increasing HGS and muscle volume in young women. Level of evidence 2b.

The present study analyzed the association between (i) eating habits during pregnancy, (ii) advice from family or friends about gestational weight gain (GWG), and iii) personal effort to stay within weight gain limits, and meeting GWG recommendations. Participants included pregnant and postpartum women who completed the validated electronic maternal health survey (EMat). Sociodemographic, lifestyle variables, and body mass index were covariates used in the analyses. Among all eligible women (1171), and a subset of women receiving a specific GWG target from HCP (365, 31.2%), participants who considered that their eating habits became less healthy, or could not evaluate if habits changed, had a higher likelihood of gaining above (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.84; 3.73 for the total sample (TS); aOR = 4.79; CI 2.32;9.88 for the subset) GWG guidelines after adjusting for the covariates. Women who received advice from family or friends about how much weight they should gain while pregnant were more likely to experience GWG below (TS: aOR = 1.49; CI 1.02;2.17; subset: aOR = 1.95; CI 1.03;3.68) and above (TS: aOR = 1.42; CI 1.01;1.99; subset: aOR = 1.92; CI 1.06;3.48) guidelines, when compared to women who did not receive family/friends advice. Moreover, lower personal effort to stay within weight gain limits was associated with gaining below (TS: aOR = 1.77; CI 1.07;2.92; subset: aOR = 2.71; CI 1.30; 5.65) GWG guidelines. Women self-reporting less healthy eating habits than before pregnancy, receiving advice from family/friends about GWG, and lower personal effort to stay within guidelines, had an increased odds of weight gain discordant with recommendations.

Background Substance abuse in pregnancy increases the chance of physical and neurobehavioral disabilities as well as many other undesirable fetal outcomes. In nonpregnant populations, physical exercise has shown to be an effective adjunctive therapy option for substance use disorders. Given the known positive maternal and fetal physiological and mental health benefits associated with prenatal exercise, perhaps exercise during pregnancy may also be a viable adjuvant therapy option for women with substance use disorders. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the available literature that has assessed the relationship between prenatal exercise and substance use disorders. Methods A search strategy was developed combining the terms pregnancy, exercise/physical activity, and substance use. A systematic search was completed in the following databases: Medline/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest. Substances eligible for inclusion included illicit drugs, alcohol, and cannabis. Retrieved data were categorized as animal or human model studies, and were summarized narratively. Results Eight studies were included in this review (five human studies, three animal model studies). Studies in humans suggest that pregnant women with substance use disorders are interested in engaging in physical activity interventions; however, known acute metabolic and physiological responses to prenatal exercise may be impaired in this population. Rodent models show preliminary evidence for improved mental health outcomes following prenatal exercise for substance use disorders. Conclusion The findings from this review may inform the development of future clinical trials to test the effect of structured exercise programs as an adjunctive treatment option for pregnant women with substance use disorders.

IntroductionMusculoskeletal injuries (MSKi) are a common challenge for those in military careers. Compared to their male peers, reports indicate that female military members and recruits are at greater risk of suffering MSKi during training and deployment. The objectives of this study were to identify the types and causes of MSKi among female military personnel and to explore the various risk factors associated with MSKi.Materials and MethodsA scoping review was conducted over a 4-month time frame of English language, peer-reviewed studies published from 1946 to 2019. Search strategies for major biomedical databases (e.g., MEDLINE; Embase Classic + Embase; and the following EBM Reviews—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database) were developed by a senior medical information specialist and included 2,891 titles/abstracts. Study selection and data collection were designed according to the Population, Concept, and Context framework. Studies were included if the study population provided stratified data for females in a military context.ResultsFrom a total of 2,287 citations captured from the literature searches, 168 peer-reviewed publications (144 unique studies) were eligible for inclusion. Studies were identified from across 10 countries and published between 1977 and 2019. Study designs were primarily prospective and retrospective cohorts. Most studies assessed both prevalence/incidence and risk factors for MSKi (62.50%), with few studies assessing cause (13.69%). For MSKi of female recruits compared to active female members, the prevalence was higher (19.7%-58.3% vs. 5.5%-56.6%), but the incidence (0.02%-57.7% vs. 13.5%-71.9%) was lower. The incidence of stress fractures was found to be much higher in female recruits than in active members (1.6%-23.9% vs. 2.7%). For anthropometric risk factors, increased body fat was a predictor of MSKi, but not stress fractures. For physiological risk factors for both female military groups, being less physically fit, later menarche, and having no/irregular menses were predictors of MSKi and stress fractures. For biomechanical risk factors, among female recruits, longer tibial length and femoral neck diameter increased the risk of stress fractures, and low foot arch increased risk of an ankle sprain. For female active military members, differences in shoulder rotation and bone strength were associated with risk of MSKi. For biological sex, being female compared to male was associated with an increased risk of MSKi, stress fractures, and general injuries. The consequences of experiencing MSKi for active military included limited duties, time off, and discharge. For recruits, these included missed training days, limited duty days, and release.ConclusionsThis scoping review provides insight into the current state of the evidence regarding the types and causes of MSKi, as well as the factors that influence MSKi among females in the military. Future research endeavors should focus on randomized controlled trials examining training paradigms to see if women are more susceptible. The data presented in the scoping review could potentially be used to develop training strategies to mitigate some of the identified barriers that negatively impact women from pursuing careers in the military.

Objective To describe the experiences of weight stigma in prenatal clinical settings among high-risk pregnant women living with obesity and to obtain women's perspectives regarding changes to prenatal health care practices that may reduce weight stigma. Design Qualitative descriptive study. Setting/Local Problem High-risk obstetrics clinic. Weight stigma experienced in prenatal clinical settings can negatively influence maternal health and well-being as well as communication with health care providers. Participants Nine pregnant women with obesity who were receiving specialized prenatal care in their third trimester. Intervention/Measurements Women participated in semistructured telephone interviews. Data were inductively analyzed using a content analysis, whereby coded data were organized to represent experiences of or suggestions provided by pregnant women to reduce weight stigma in prenatal clinical settings. Results Experiences of weight stigma included poor communication, generalizations made about health and lifestyle behaviors, and focusing only on excess body weight during clinical appointments as the cause of negative health outcomes. To reduce weight stigma, women suggested that health care providers practice sensitive communication, offer individualized care for weight management, and reduce the focus on body weight by also independently addressing comorbidities or other health indicators. Conclusion Women interviewed for this study provided suggestions that can be implemented in prenatal clinical settings to reduce weight stigma and improve the delivery of equitable health care.

Taking a patient-oriented approach to developing lifestyle interventions includes incorporating the patient into the program's design, delivery, and evaluation. This commentary assumes that a patient-oriented approach has not yet been implemented and tested in exercise-based interventions designed for pregnant women. We outline and define a patient-oriented approach to conduct exercise-based research and review previous physical activity interventions designed for pregnant women to determine whether a patient-oriented approach was applied. In addition, pregnant women living with obesity may have unique barriers to engaging in prenatal exercise interventions that have not been previously addressed, such as having experienced weight stigma before pregnancy in healthcare and fitness settings. We propose suggestions for future trials to effectively take a patient-oriented approach when designing and implementing prenatal exercise interventions to address patient-informed barriers and incorporate suggested facilitators for physical activity. Given that prenatal activity levels are low and pregnant women may have unique barriers to engaging in exercise interventions, a patient-oriented approach may be an effective strategy to improve inclusivity and equity and, as a result, increase uptake and adherence to the intervention.RéSUMé: L’adoption d’une démarche axée sur le patient ou la patiente, dans l’élaboration d’interventions sur le mode de vie, consiste à intégrer celui-ci ou celle-ci dans la conception, l’exécution et l’évaluation des programmes. Dans notre commentaire, nous présumons qu’une démarche axée sur la patiente n’a pas encore été appliquée et testée dans les interventions fondées sur l’exercice conçues pour les femmes enceintes. Nous décrivons et définissons une démarche axée sur la patiente pour faire de la recherche fondée sur l’exercice, et nous examinons des interventions antérieures d’activité physique conçues pour les femmes enceintes afin de déterminer si une démarche axée sur la patiente a été appliquée. Par ailleurs, les femmes enceintes vivant avec l’obésité peuvent faire face à des obstacles particuliers qui n’ont pas encore été étudiés avant de pouvoir participer à des interventions d’exercice prénatales, comme d’avoir été stigmatisées en raison de leur poids, avant la grossesse, dans des milieux de soins de santé et de conditionnement physique. Nous avançons des suggestions pour que les essais futurs adoptent bien une démarche axée sur la patiente lors de la conception et de la mise en œuvre d’interventions d’exercices prénatals, afin de tenir compte des obstacles mentionnés par les patientes et d’intégrer les moyens qu’elles suggèrent pour favoriser l’activité physique. Comme les niveaux d’activité prénatals sont faibles et que les femmes enceintes peuvent faire face à des obstacles particuliers avant de pouvoir participer à des interventions fondées sur l’exercice, une démarche axée sur la patiente pourrait être un moyen efficace d’améliorer l’inclusivité et l’équité, et par conséquent, d’accroître le recours et l’assiduité à l’intervention.

Background: Research on sedentary behavior and effects on maternal and newborn outcomes has been inconclusive. The objective of this report was to correlate sedentary time with maternal and fetal anthropometric measurements and compare the effect on sedentary time based on meeting prenatal activity guidelines. Methods: Healthy pregnant women (N = 61) in their second trimester (24–28 wk gestation) provided 7-day accelerometry data. Outcomes, including neonatal weight, length, and body fat percentage, were collected 24 to 48 hours after delivery. Placenta weight was measured immediately after delivery. Gestational weight gain was calculated by subtracting self-reported prepregnancy weight from measured weight at 38 weeks gestation. Correlations between sedentary time and outcomes were tested with Spearman and Pearson coefficient of correlations in all women separately and in accordance with the 2019 Canadian prenatal exercise guidelines. Results: No significant associations were found between sedentary time and the selected outcomes, even when compared by prenatal exercise level. There was no difference in total time spent sedentary between active (576.7 [52.8] min) and inactive women (599.3 [51.6] min). Conclusions: Meeting exercise recommendations during pregnancy does not significantly decrease total sedentary time. Future studies should aim to evaluate the health effects of both decreasing sedentary time and meeting prenatal exercise guidelines.

Objective To identify sources of weight stigma in physical activity (PA)-related milieus reported by pregnant women living with obesity. We also report person-informed strategies to improve the delivery of PA promotions and prescriptions to prevent weight stigma and improve maternal PA. Design This is a qualitative descriptive study and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Setting and Participants Purposive sampling including pregnant women living with obesity, with a body mass index ≥35.0 kg/m2, ≥18 years of age, and receiving specialized prenatal care were recruited from an obstetrics clinic in Kingston, Canada. Measurement and Findings Data were assessed by a content analysis, whereby coded themes represented sources of weight stigma related to prenatal PA. Demographic characteristics (pre-pregnancy body mass index, age, gestational age) were summarized and presented as means and standard deviations. In-depth interview data were collected from eight women. Average pre-pregnancy BMI, age, and gestational age were 44.6±4.8 kg/m2, 32.0±4.1 years, 31.1±5.8 weeks, respectively. Two sources of weight stigma related to prenatal PA were identified: 1. Lack of visual representation – online images and images found in exercise promotional material do not include women who have obesity; 2. Lack of individualized recommendations – currently available prenatal PA guidelines and/or recommendations from healthcare providers do not always consider individual physical barriers or health goals women may have. Key Conclusion and Implications for Practice By increasing body positive representation of pregnant women exercising and offering person-centered prenatal PA recommendations, maternal PA may improve including women living with obesity. Findings from this work can inform future PA interventions, health promotion programming, and prescriptions from prenatal care providers to implement person-oriented strategies to prevent weight stigma and improve the delivery of care for pregnant women living with obesity.

To propose a response criterion for analyzing the intervention success by verifying patient outcomes after a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program in Brazilian children and adolescents. Obese children and adolescents (n = 103) completed a 16-week multidisciplinary intervention (IG) and were compared to the control group (CG) (n = 66). A cluster of parameters (e.g. total domain of HRQoL; BMI z-score; cardiorespiratory fitness; body mass; waist circumference; fat mass; lean mass) were measured pre and post-intervention, and the sum of the median percentage variation and the percentile 25 and 75 were used from IG and CG to determine the responsiveness to the program. We are proposing four ranges in which children and adolescents may be classified after the intervention: (1) CG percentile 50 values or lower are considered non-responsive to the intervention, (2) values greater than CG percentile 50 but lower than IG percentile 50 are considered slightly responsive, (3) values greater than IG percentile 50 but lower than IG percentile 75 were considered as moderately responsive, and (4) values greater than IG percentile 75 were considered very responsive.This criterion may serve as a complementary tool that can be employed to monitor the response to this model of multidisciplinary intervention. What is Known: • The effectiveness of multidisciplinary obesity interventions is usually determined by comparing changes in selected outcomes in the intervention versus versus control group. • There is no consensus about what should be assessed before and after the intervention program, which makes difficult to compare different programs and to determine their rate of responsiveness. What is New: • This study proposes a response criteria to pediatric obesity interventions following a similar model compared to ours based on key variables that presents low cost and high applicability in different settings.

Introduo: A Educao Fsica vem demonstrando crescente participao e destaquena sade pblica brasileira. Objetivo: Investigar a percepo da intensidadede esforo (PSE) e a quantidade de exerccios fsicos aerbios e neuromuscularesrealizados por mulheres adultas e idosas em unidades bsicas de sade (UBS)de um municpio sul-brasileiro. Mtodos: Participaram do estudo 88 mulheres,a maioria idosas (66,54,9 anos). A PSE e quantidade de passos foram determinadosmediante escala de Borg e Pedmetros, respectivamente. As variveisforam monitoradas durante 68 sesses de exerccios fsicos, das quais 38 deexerccios neuromusculares e 30 de exerccios aerbios. Resultados: As sessesde exerccios aerbios apresentaram valores significativamente mais elevadospara a PSE (12,61,5 versus 12,21,5) e para a quantidade de passos (2103,6964,0versus 805,4458,7 p/sesso) do que as sesses de exerccios neuromusculares.Concluso: Ambas as modalidades de exerccio devem contribuir para um aumentoda atividade fsica diria das participantes. A diferena observada para aPSE discreta e corrobora com as recomendaes para essa populao.

This feasibility study aimed to analyze the effects of a multidisciplinary (e.g., psychological, nutritional and water-based exercise interventions) obesity treatment program on resting heart rate variability (rHRV) indices according to the degree of excess body mass (overweight vs obesity) in adolescents. Additionally, we tested the association between changes in rHRV indices with changes in body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. Twenty-five adolescents completed the study, 11 from the overweight group (OWG) and 14 from the obese group (OBG) classified according to body mass index. Anthropometric measures, autonomic cardiac function (measured by rate-to-rate interval analyses), lean mass and body fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed prior to and after the 16-week intervention period. Both groups increased their parasympathetic indices (e.g., standard deviation 1) [OWG: Δ = 8.5 (1.7–15.3) ms; magnitude of change: “likely”; OBG: Δ = 11.4 (4.3–18.4) ms; “very likely”] and cardiorespiratory fitness [OWG: Δ = 2.0 (1.1–2.8) mL/kg/min; “likely”; OBG: Δ = 2.4 (1.5–3.3) mL/kg/min; “Almost certain”] with a slightly greater magnitude of change for the OBG. The OWG showed greater changes in body composition [e.g., body fat: Δ = −3.2 (–4.6 to −1.8) kg “Very likely”] when compared to the OBG [Δ = −2.8 (−4.4 to −1.3) kg “Possible”]. Inverse and large correlations were noted for changes in body fat markers (%) and changes in parasympathetic indices of rHRV (%) (i.e., rMSSD and SD1). These results provide evidence that a multidisciplinary program improves parasympathetic indices, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness independent of the degree of excess body mass.

To evaluate the effects of a Multidisciplinary Obesity Treatment Program (PMTO) on parent-proxy perceptions and self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight and obese adolescents. Ninety-two overweight and obese adolescents aged 10–18 years were assigned to the PMTO. HRQoL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM 4.0), administered to the adolescents and their parents/guardians at baseline and post-intervention. This intervention lasted 16 weeks and was based on cognitive behavioral therapy with the involvement of a psychologist, a nutritionist and exercise professionals. Adolescents reported improved physical [pre: 78.13 (21.1) to post: 84.38 (18.8); p

Although malnutrition and risk of falls in the elderly have increased in recent years, uncertainties exist as to whether these conditions are associated after controlling for sociodemographic variables, body composition, metabolic condition, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status and risk of fall in the elderly population. Participants were matched by gender and age, after they had been grouped on the basis of diagnosis of AD. The risk of falls, nutritional status, and mental status were assessed using the Downton Fall Risk Score (FRS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), respectively. Logistic regression models adjusted for the main confounders were used in the analyses. Among the 68 elderly individuals studied, participants who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition were more likely to fall (odds ratio = 8.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.49-46.04) than those with normal nutritional status, regardless of gender, age, education, body composition, and metabolic condition. This association did not remain significant after adjustment for AD, a potential confounder in this association. Malnutrition or its risk was independently associated with high risk of fall; thus, malnutrition should be considered in the prevention of falls among the elderly population.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature and describe the discrepancies in achieving the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) guidelines across cultures.MethodsTen databases were searched from inception to April 2018. Observational cohort studies were included that examined adult women; reported on a measure of culture; compared cultural groups, and reported on GWG. Articles werebroken down into papers that used the current 2009 IOM GWG guidelines and those that used others. A meta-analysis was conducted for studies using the 2009 guidelines examining the prevalence of discordant GWG across cultural groups.ResultsThe review included 86 studies. Overall, 69% of women experienced discordant GWG irrespective of culture. White women experienced excessive GWG most often, and significantly more than Asian and Hispanic women; Black women had a higher prevalence of excessive GWG than Hispanic and Asian women; however, this difference was not significant.ConclusionsThe majority of women experience excessive GWG, with White women experiencing this most often. Culturally diverse GWG guidelines are needed to individualize antenatal care and promote optimal maternal-fetal health outcomes across cultural groups.

The use of best linear unbiased prediction/restricted maximum likelihood (BLUP/REML) in perennial crops and animal breeding enhances selection gain. However, its advantage with respect to annual crops is not clear. We compared the BLUP and best linear unbiased estimator selection efficiency in the breeding of various potato generations. This was done by simulating various selection intensities on clonal families (full sibs), and clones. The characters evaluated were tuber yield and tuber specific gravity. Two criteria were adopted for comparison: a) incidence of families or clones and b) selection gain. For tuber yield, BLUP/REML method was slightly more efficient for selecting families in the first clonal generation, if it were above 50%. Below this value, both methods were equivalent. However, they both presented equal behavior for family selection of tuber specific gravity. For clonal selection, BLUP/REML showed robust superiority from 10 to 90% selection intensities in both characters. Therefore, the adequate use of BLUP/REML in potato breeding can enhance the selection gain on the yield and specific gravity of tubers. © FUNPEC-RP.

Aims The use of electromagnetic waves by phototherapy to skeletal muscle presents potential ergogenic effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using bioceramic clothes on performance, heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during a 10 km race. Our hypothesis is that the use of such clothes modifies these variables. Methods Participants were 10 runners (27.9 ± 4.2 years) who performed two 10 km performances on track under different intervention conditions: bioceramic garments (CER) and placebo garments (PLA). The mean velocity (MV), HR and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored at each trial. Additionally, partial MV was calculated in three phases: (1) start (first 400 m), (2) middle (400-9600 m) and (3) end (last 400 m). Results MV in CER condition was significantly higher than in PLA condition (11.8 ± 1.0 km·h-1 vs 11.4 ± 1.2 km·h-1; F = 6.200; P = 0.034; ŋp² = 0.408). HR and RPE values in CER condition were not different from PLA condition. Conclusions Our main finding was that the use of bioceramic clothes (CER) increased MV when compared to the PLA condition. Based on these results, bioceramic may be used as an ergogenic resource to increase performance.

da Silva, DF, Ferraro, ZM, Adamo, KB, and Machado, FA. Endurance running training individually guided by HRV in untrained women. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 736-746, 2019-The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of heart rate variability (HRV)-guided training compared with a standardized prescription on (a) time to complete 5-km running performance (t5km), (b) peak treadmill running speed (Vpeak) and its time limit (tlim at Vpeak), and (c) autonomic cardiac modulation (i.e., parasympathetic activity and recovery) in untrained women. Additionally, we correlated changes in t5km with changes in Vpeak, tlim at Vpeak and autonomic cardiac modulation. Thirty-six untrained women were divided into a HRV-guided training group (HRVG) and a control group (CG). The CG followed a predefined program, alternating moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The determination of MICT or HIIT was based on the pretraining HRV for HRVG. MICT was performed if HRV was

To determine the effects of preparatory phase training on aerobic parameters, resting heart rate variability (HRV) and 5-km performance of high-level endurance runners and the relationship between the percentage change (% change) of resting HRV with the % change of aerobic parameters and 5-km performance. Six runners were assessed before and after seven weeks of training. The aerobic parameters were determined in an incremental test. The HRV was assessed by a heart rate monitor. Athletes performed a 5-km running test in a track. The analysis revealed 'likely' and 'very likely' improvements for velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) (20.0±1.0 km·h(-1) to 21.2±0.6 km·h(-1)) and 5-km performance (18.0±0.4 km·h(-1) to 18.9±0.7 km·h(-1)), respectively, as well as 'likely' decrease in high frequency (41.4±18.5 nu to 30.4±14.3 nu), and increase in low frequency (58.5±18.5 nu to 69.6±14.3 nu) band densities. The variation in the velocity associated with [Formula: see text]O2max showed the highest correlation with 5-km performance (r=0.95). The % change in the square root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals and standard deviation 1 were highly correlated with variation in 5-km performance (r=0.69 and 0.66). Changes in the velocity associated with [Formula: see text]O2max and vagally mediated HRV were highly associated with 5-km running performance within the investigated team. These results have important implications because these parameters can be assessed longitudinally to monitor adaptation to training.

Avaliar os efeitos de um Programa Multiprofissional de Tratamento da Obesidade (PMTO) e de sua cessação sobre o perfil hemodinâmico de adolescentes. Foram avaliados 19 adolescentes com excesso de peso de 10 a 18 anos. Medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca de repouso foram incluídas na análise. Os adolescentes completaram 16 semanas do PMTO com uma equipe multiprofissional focada em promover mudanças no estilo de vida dos adolescentes. Os mesmos retornaram para avaliação após oito semanas de cessação das atividades. Após o PMTO, foi observada redução na frequência cardíaca de repouso nas meninas sem diferença significativa para o momento de cessação. Os meninos apresentaram melhora para as variáveis: circunferência abdominal, IMC, gordura relativa e massa magra após o PMTO. Após o período cessação houve aumento significativo apenas no peso. Os resultados evidenciam o impacto positivo de um PMTO demonstrando efeitos diferentes de acordo com o gênero. To evaluate the effects of a Multiprofessional Program of Obesity Treatment (PMTO) and its cessation on hemodynamic profile in adolescents. We evaluated 19 excess of weight adolescents aged from 10 to 18 years. Anthropometric measures, resting blood pressure and resting heart rate were included in analysis. Adolescents completed 16 weeks of PMTO with a multiprofessional team focused on promote lifestyle changes in adolescents. The same adolescents returned to evaluation after eight weeks of activities cessation. After PMTO, we observed reducing in heart rate of girls without differences to cessation moment. Boys presented improvement in variables: abdominal circumference, BMI, relative body fat and lean mass after PMTO. After cessation period there was significant increase on body weight. Results evidences the positive impact of PMTO demonstrating different effects according to gender.

As Enterobacterias resistentes aos carbapenemicos (ERC) tornaram-se uma grave ameaca a saude publica. Devido a producao de enzimas como a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), essas bacterias desenvolveram uma alta taxa de resistencia e elevada mortalidade aos pacientes infectados. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados a mortalidade de pacientes com ERC. Foi avaliado o historico de 591 pacientes que apresentaram cultura positiva para bacterias resistentes aos carbapenemicos internados no periodo entre Janeiro de 2012 e Julho de 2013. Os fatores associados a mortalidade dos pacientes com ERC foram: sexo, faixa etaria, sitio de isolamento do microrganismo, unidade e tempo de internacao, e caracteristica clinica (infectados e colonizados). A normalidade dos dados foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Os dados foram apresentados em mediana (amplitude interquartilica). As associacoes foram feitas por meio do teste Qui-quadrado 2x2 e Quiquadrado de tendencia. O nivel de significância foi pre-estabelecido em P

To compare water- versus land-based exercise programs, as part of a multidisciplinary intervention, on physical fitness and health-related quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents. A total of 151 overweight and obese adolescents (age: 13.2±1.8years) were divided into: 1) a water-based intervention (WB; n=28); 2) a land-based intervention (LB; n=57); and 3) a control group (CG; n=66). Anthropometric measures, body composition, flexibility, abdominal strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life were assessed prior and by the end of a 16-week intervention. Both the water- and land-based interventions were part of a multidisciplinary program focusing on behavioral changes. Fat Mass (%) was significantly reduced in both intervention groups and a higher progression was observed in the WB group (-9.8±7.2% versus -6.1±6.2%; p0.05 for pre-to-post changes within-groups). However, LB increased more abdominal strength than WB (69.6±165.8% versus 53.4±83.4%; p0.05) and significantly increased social (19.7±88.8%), psychosocial (5.1±15.1%) and total score (6.3±14.8%), which was observed in neither WB nor CG. The intervention groups did not change body weight (WB: -1.7±5.3%; LB: 0.1±3.4%; p0.05 for both groups) and increased (p0.05) fat-free mass (WB: 4.6±4.0%; LB: 4.4±4.1%), VO2max (WB: 9.3±7.8%; LB: 11.0±13.4%), and physical dimension of quality of life (WB: 9.2±17.2%; LB: 8.9±18.0%) differently of what was observed in CG. The physical dimension improvement observed in the land-based and water-based samples was associated with decreased percentage fat mass (r=0.282 and 0.229; p0.05). We suggest water- and land-based physical exercises within a multidisciplinary program promote similar improvements in body composition, physical fitness and health-related quality of life in overweight and obese adolescents.

This paper describes the development of breeding programs in northern Brazil and their main impacts on agriculture. Their contribution to the breeding of the species palm oil, acai fruit, cacao, cupuaçu, guarana, tomato, camu-camu, cocona, peach palm, and rubber was laid out in detail. Advances in breeding programs of institutions such as Embrapa, Ceplac, Inpa, and Universities require investments in infrastructure and in human and financial resources to ensure continuity and efficiency in economic, social and environmental gains. The improvement of native species, the main focus of the breeding programs of the institutions in the Northern region of Brazil, is a form of exploiting the Amazonian biodiversity for the benefit of society. Therefore, policies to foster research institutions should be a subject of deliberation and action of the scientific and technological community in Brazil. O artigo apresenta a evolução dos programas de melhoramento genético desenvolvidos na região Norte do Brasil e seus principais impactos na agricultura. Destaca as contribuições do melhoramento das espécies palma de óleo, açaí, cacau, cupuaçu, guaraná, tomate, camu-camu, cubiu, pupunha e seringueira. Os avanços nos programas das instituições que estão envolvidas com melhoramento, como a Embrapa, Ceplac, Inpa e as Universidades, estão condicionados ao investimento na infraestrutura, em recursos humanos e financeiros para que possam ter continuidade e serem eficientes em obter ganhos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. O melhoramento das espécies nativas, foco principal dos programas das instituições na região Norte, é uma forma de uso da biodiversidade em benefício da sociedade. Portanto, as políticas para o fortalecimento das instituições de pesquisas devem constituir tema de reflexão e ação da comunidade científica e tecnológica brasileira.

Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is an Amazonian Basin native fruit. Its importance comes from its high contents of pectin. Currently, processing technologies are necessary for the substitution of the traditional system (small crops and small-scale processing) for a larger scale system and thus increase the use of biodiversity and promote the implementation of Local Productive Arrangements of agribusiness in the Amazon. This research aims to evaluate the methods of peeling cubiu. Ripe fruits were divided into lots (150 each) and subjected to the following treatments: immersion in 2.5% NaOH boiling solution for 5 minutes, exposure to water vapor, and immersion in water at 96 ºC for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The peel released during heat treatment and immediately removed under running tap water. In the control treatment, the fruits were manually peeled (unheated) with a stainless steel knife. The treatments were evaluated for completeness and ease of peeling, tissue integrity, texture, and peroxidase activity. The immersion in 2.5% NaOH boiling solution (5 minutes) stood out as the best treatment since it inhibited the enzymatic browning and intensified the natural yellow color of the cubiu fruit and easily and fully peeled the whole fruit more rapidly without damaging its tissues. This treatment was chosen as the most advantageous because it can promote simultaneous peeling and bleaching. Therefore, it is recommended for cubiu industrial processing. Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é um fruto amazônico cujo interesse decorre do alto teor de pectina. Atualmente, tecnologias de processamento são necessárias para a transposição do sistema tradicional (pequeno cultivo e processamento artesanal) para o de escala maior e, assim, aumentar o uso da biodiversidade e viabilizar os Arranjos Produtivos Locais e o agronegócio na Amazônia. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar os métodos para o descascamento do cubiu. Frutos maduros foram divididos em lotes (150 frutos cada) e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: imersão em solução (fervente) de NaOH a 2,5%, exposição ao vapor de água e imersão em água a 96 ºC por 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos. A casca liberada durante os tratamentos térmicos foi removida sob a água corrente. No controle, os frutos foram descascados (sem aquecimento) com faca de aço inoxidável. Os tratamentos foram avaliados pela totalidade e facilidade do descascamento, integridade dos tecidos, textura e atividade da peroxidase. O tratamento em solução fervente de NaOH 2,5% (5 minutos) destacou-se como o melhor tratamento uma vez que inibiu o escurecimento enzimático, intensificou a cor natural amarela do fruto, descascou inteira e facilmente todos os frutos e não danificou a integridade dos tecidos. Este tratamento foi escolhido e recomendado para o processamento industrial do cubiu por promover simultaneamente o descascamento e branqueamento do fruto.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cardiac parasympathetic activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin, and hemodynamic profile in overweight and obese adolescent girls and boys (aged 12–16 years). Data were taken from the Multidisciplinary Obesity Treatment Program. Only post-intervention measurements are presented herein. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and metabolic profile (insulin and glucose profile) of adolescents were assessed. Cardiac parasympathetic activity was determined by resting heart rate variability, which was analyzed using a heart rate monitor. Greater parasympathetic cardiac activity was associated with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in both girls and boys (0.375 ≤ r ≤ 0.900), while the sympathetic-vagal balance was negatively related to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in girls (r = 0.478). An association between lower parasympathetic activity and insulin resistance was noted in girls (mean of R–R intervals [RRmean] and homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance index [HOMA-IR]: r = −0.678), while greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lower parasympathetic activity were associated in both sexes (RRmean and SBP: r = −0.526; high frequency [HF (nu)] and SBP: r = −0.754). In conclusion, autonomic nervous system activity was associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin resistance, and SBP in overweight and obese adolescents. The identification of these potential relationships assists with the establishment of future long-term exercise interventions that evaluate the improvements in parasympathetic nervous system activity, in addition to metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese adolescents.

This study assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reported by overweight adolescents and compared to their parent-proxy perception of HRQoL, according to adolescent gender, adolescent age, and parent gender. Patients and a total of 179 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with excess weight were evaluated for perceived HRQoL prior to beginning a weight-loss intervention, using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) questionnaire, estimating quality of life in the physical, emotional, social, and school domains, as well as index measures of psychosocial and overall quality of life. Parents completed the same questionnaire estimating his or her child's HRQoL. Compared to their child's self-report, parents underestimated all the domains of HRQoL except the school domain. Parents underestimated all the domains of HRQoL among boys; however, they only underestimated the physical domain among girls. Comparisons between parent-proxy perception and self-report of the adolescent according to adolescent's age revealed that parents underestimated their children's HRQoL in the younger adolescents (10 to 13 years) for all except for the school domain and underestimated only the physical domain in older adolescents (14 to 18 years). The same comparison between parent-proxy perception and their child's self-report of HRQoL according to parent gender showed that mothers underestimated HRQoL in all domains except for the school domain, while fathers only underestimated the school domain. Conclusion: The differences between self-report of overweight adolescent and perceptions of their parents about the HRQoL of their children are influenced by adolescent gender and age and parent gender.

Purpose: The present study aims at investigating the physiological response and technical-tactical parameters in Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition. Methods: The study included 35 male Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (adult category, body mass: 80.2 ± 13.0 kg), graded from white to brown belt, during combats fought at regional level. Twenty-two fights were analyzed in terms of technique and time structure. Blood glucose, lactate and maximal isometric grip strength were determined before and after the fights. The rate of perceived exertion was also assessed after the fight, using the 6-20 Borg rating. The fights were recorded and the following variables were determined: the exertion/pause ratio and subjective intensity of actions, categorized between low and high intensity. Results: The results indicated that during Brazilian jiu-jitsu fights, the glycolytic pathway is only moderately activated (lactate before: 4.4 (4.0 – 4.6) mmol/L, after: 10.1 (8.0 – 11.3) mmol/L; glucose before: 112.4 ± 22.3 mg/dL, after: 130.5 ± 31.0 mg/dL). The exertion during the fight resulted in significant reductions in handgrip strength (right hand grip before: 45.9 ± 10.3 kgf, after: 40.1 ± 9.5 kgf; left hand grip before: 44.2 ± 11.1 kgf, after: 37.0 ± 10.2 kgf). The athletes rated the fight as hard: 15 (13 – 15). Effort/pause ratio was 6:1, while high-intensity actions lasted approximately 4 s, resulting in a low/high intensity? ratio of 8:1. Conclusions: It is recommended that coaches direct the training loads to simulate the energy demand imposed by the competitive matches, activating moderately the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, the time structure of combats can be used to prescribe both physical and technical-tactical training.

This study aims to assess the effects of a 16-week multidisciplinary program of obesity treatment on the control of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dyslipidemia in obese adolescents. Eighty-six adolescents aged 10-18 years were allocated in either the intervention group (IG; n = 44) or control group (CG; n = 42). IG was submitted to a multidisciplinary intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy that aimed to modify eating habits and exercise behavior. We analyzed, before and after the intervention period, anthropometric parameters, body composition, bone mineral density, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile of the subjects. MS was classified according to International Diabetes Federation (2007) and the presence of dyslipidemia according to Back et al. (Arq Bras Cardiol 85:4-36, 2005). In the beginning of the intervention, the median number (range) of risk factors for MS present was 2.0 (0.0-5.0) in the IG and 2.0 (0.0-4.0) in the CG. After the intervention, this parameter reduced significantly in the IG (1.0 (0.0-5.0); p = 0.004) while no change was observed in the CG (2.0 (0.0-4.0); p = 0.349). In addition, we observed improvements in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, maximal oxygen uptake, absolute and relative body fat, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol in the IG which was not identified in the CG. Conclusio n: We suggest that a 16-week multidisciplinary intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy was adequate to reduce risk factors for MS in obese adolescents.

This study compared the responses during maximal incremental treadmill tests of 1-min, 2-min, and 3-min stage durations mainly in terms of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and peak blood lactate concentration (LApeak).Repeated-measures.Thirty-four male, recreational, endurance-trained runners (40±13 years) performed three tests on a motorized treadmill. The tests started at 8kmh(-1) with increments of 1kmh(-1) every 1min for the short-stage protocol, every 2min for the intermediate-stage protocol, and every 3min for the long-stage protocol. LApeak was defined for each subject as the highest value among the lactate concentrations determined at the end of each test and at the third, fifth and seventh minutes after test, during passive recovery.Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the stage duration on the HRmax (p=0.003) and LApeak (p=0.001). The HRmax was higher in the intermediate-stage compared to the short-stage protocol (184.8±12.7 vs. 181.8±12.1beatsmin(-1), p0.001), but no significant differences were found between the long-stage (183.1±12.1beatsmin(-1)) and the intermediate-stage or short-stage protocols (p0.05). The LApeak was lower in the long-stage compared to the short-stage and intermediate-stage protocols (7.9±2.2 vs. 9.4±2.2 and 9.2±1.9mmolL(-1), respectively, p0.05). Further, blood lactate reached peak concentration at the fifth minute after test for all the protocols.Thus, HRmax and LApeak depend on the stage duration of the incremental test, but the moment at which blood lactate reaches peak concentration is independent of the duration. Further, we suggest 2-min stage duration protocols to determine HRmax.

s / Can J Diabetes 39 (2015) S38eS74 S50 surgical interventions for weight management. Within the clinic, Psychology is a key component in the treatment plan of our patients. In addition to individual counselling, the Psychology team also offers group counselling as research supports the use of therapeutic groups to optimize patient care in obesity management. Emotional Eating Group format, participation rates, content, and survey results will be outlined on this poster. Of the 191 participants to date, survey results show the majority of participants strongly agree that they learned new information about emotional eating and its triggers, are able to identify their own triggers, and learned strategies to manage emotional eating. Additionally, the majority of participants strongly agreed that the group was an important part of their treatment and would recommend the group to others who struggle with emotional eating. This group is an effective method for providing psychological services regarding emotional eating to patients.

ResumoObjetivoComparar composição corporal, parâmetros hemodinâmicos, aptidão física relacionada à saúde e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes com o diagnóstico antropométrico de sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade grave.MétodosForam selecionados 220 adolescentes com excesso de peso, ingressantes em um programa de intervenção segundo os critérios de inclusão neste programa, baseados na idade, disponibilidade, presença de excesso de peso, local de residência e concordância na participação do estudo. Foram coletadas variáveis antropométricas, hemodinâmicas, aptidão física relacionada à saúde e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos adolescentes. Para a análise de comparação entre os três grupos, foram utilizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos quando apropriado. A significância foi pré‐estabelecido em p0,05). O peso, índice de massa corporal, circunferência de cintura e de quadril e pressão arterial sistólica aumentaram conforme aumentou o grau de excesso de peso (p0.05). Body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and systolic blood pressure increased as degree of excess weightincreased (p

ObjectiveTo compare body composition, hemodynamic parameters, health-related physical fitness, and health-related quality of life of adolescents with anthropometric diagnosis of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity.Methods220 adolescents with excess body weight were enrolled. They were beginners in a intervention program that included patients based on age, availability, presence of excess body weight, place of residence, and agreement to participate in the study. This study collected anthropometric and hemodynamic variables, health-related physical fitness, and health-related quality of life of the adolescents. To compare the three groups according to nutritional status, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied. Significance level was set at p0.05). Body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and systolic blood pressure increased as degree of excess weightincreased (p