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The process of digitizing radio is far from over. It is an important interdisciplinary aspect, involving Big Data and AI (Artificial Intelligence) when it comes to classifying and handling content, and an organizational challenge in the Industry 4.0 concept. There exist several methods for delivering audio signals, including terrestrial broadcasting and internet streaming. Among them, the DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) system is one of the leading standards of terrestrial digital radio transmission. Compared with analog FM (frequency modulation) radio, it is more bandwidth efficient and offers greater possibilities when it comes to delivering content and forming an ensemble and multiplex. Currently, many countries worldwide, particularly European States, are still making adjustments in order to perform an efficient switchover from analog FM to digital DAB+ radio. This paper presents the current situation of the digital radio market as well as the results of a subjective quality evaluation study and questionnaire concerning broadcasting in both digital and analog techniques. It involves radio programs, transmitting both speech and music signals, simulcasted in DAB+ and FM standards. It also presents the development of the national multiplex. The results of this study may help both researchers and scientists as well as policy makers and professionals active in the field of broadcasting and electronic media and not to mention the consumption of multimedia content.

Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio continues to be popular, even today, owing to its accessibility, especially in rural areas where even common feature phones and affordable radio receivers are able to freely receive both, mainstream and local vernacular transmissions without any subscription charge. Additionally, it is established that broadcasts undertaken at a local level can play an instrumental role in facilitating cultural expression and aiding information delivery at a local level However, local broadcasts via the current Community Radio Stations (CRS) are not only expensive but also unsuitable for remote, isolated regions with their rugged terrains. The authors hereby propose a novel approach to help address these current problems through a distributed system for Digital Audio Broadcasting. Multiple FM transmitting nodes (using VHF II: 87.5-100 MHz) form a WiFi Mesh Network to receive digital audio signals to broadcast from 1 hub node. The components used are off-the-shelf, cost-effective, and modular. It is more cost-effective than current CRS systems for mid-scale local broadcasts, with essentially no data loss between the transmitter units in deployment. Additionally, unlike relays, an existing alternative, built-in redundancy in the system ensures reliability, and caching protects against minor network disturbances when recordings are being broadcast. This approach allows for flexible and efficient deployments with wide, precise and accurate coverage, notably remaining equally effective in areas with an uneven terrain, thereby expanding its potential applications. Experiments involving the system were conducted by varying the audio samples and the conditions, for which the evaluation metrics included the PSNR, PSD spectrograms, DFTs, signal strength, and data transmission rate to gauge the transmission quality, range and scalability. Results included a moderate data rate of 12 mbits/s at a 100 metres separation with obstacles from the transmitter, which is sufficient for the broadcasting and fast caching of high-fidelity audio.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is an amazing technology, achieving its promise of certainly delivering high quality digital audio in the most vindicate mobile and fixed receiver environments. The radio signal processing capability can be provided by Universal software radio peripheral (USRP) hardware. The received signal frequency can be controlled and transmitting the signal through wireless is possible by installing NI USRP utility configuration. The programmable USRP was running the VI snippet program in block diagram panel with radio companion integrated through USB cable on windows 7 64. With the parameters such as IQ rate, transmitter gain, carrier frequency along with device name which is given as ni2901_1 the students can able to tune the radio signal. DAB technology is integrated with USRP device using prominent OFDM technique for promise delivery of high quality audio signal. DAB works under four transmission modes in this paper. In this paper RF0 module is used USRP device is connected with dual band vertical antenna with 2.4 and 5GHz frequency as Tx1. This transmitting VI snippet program will support all file formats such as.wav, mp3, etc. the intention of the paper is to transmit the real time data through long distance using DAB technology in remote laboratory. The proposed system is implemented in virtual lab so that it can be accessed by any user from anywhere. This system is successfully tested on institute of aeronautical engineering virtual lab.

With more and more new mobile devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, and wearable devices) entering people’s daily life, along with the application and development of relevant technologies based on users’ location information, location based service is becoming a basic service demand of people’s life. This paper puts forward a research on location technology based on frequency modulation band digital audio broadcasting (FM China Digital Radio, FM-CDR). A new method of adding timestamp information to the FM-CDR frame structure is proposed, which verified that the change to the system does not affect the normal transmission and reception of broadcast content under the original standards and can accurately extract the recognition signal and timing information of BS. In the complex environment, the estimation algorithm of signal parameters such as received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA), and time difference of arrival (TDOA) of terrestrial radio broadcast signals is studied. In this paper, a new method based on multisource data fusion is proposed, which can meet the need of localization in various environments and overcome the deficiency of single localization method.

One of the most crucial task of terrestrial audio broadcasting is the transition to digital system and infrastructure. In this paper, the china digital radio (CDR) system structure is presented including framing structure, transfer mode, as well as spectrum mode. In addition, this paper gives a comprehensive introduction to the deployment of CDR technology in China.

The main objective of this paper is to present a new and cost-effective Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool that can lead to efficient energy management in buildings and optimal operation of electricity networks with increased share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The new ICT infrastructure is based on the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) standard and its interoperability with smart metering technology, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Building Automation Systems (BAS). The main idea involves the attachment of a DAB receiver to electric devices (from small household appliances up to EVs and solar systems and other RES). In this paper, the DAB protocol is described, enabling high cyber-physical security. Moreover, the results of addressing a thermostatically-controlled load using DAB-signaling in Switzerland are also presented. The next steps envisioned are i) the validation of the final protocol version and of the DAB receivers for various electric appliances and DR schemes and, ii) demonstration of the new technology in real-life cases through the National DAB broadcaster in Greece.

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor plays key role in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. Power consumption, speed, accuracy and area are the key aspects of FFT. FFT finds vast application in the field of Digital and Signal Processing (DSP). The FFT processor can be used in the areas such as Digital Audio Broadcasting, Worldwide interoperability for Microwave access (Wi-Max), Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T). In this article, we present an optimized high speed and throughput 64 × 64 non-pipelined and pipelined 2D FFT architecture with a radix-8 block structure. The designed structure is a parallel architecture that takes less computation time and also requires less area. The proposed design is realized using the Vitex-7 FPGA tool as a supplementary hardware.

China's Convergent Digital Radio (CDR) and Rus-sia's Real-time Audio Visual Information System (RAVIS) are two digital audio broadcasting systems in Frequency Modulation band. Due to the two countries' unique geographic locations and their long shared broader, the efficiency of both systems in the coexistence of the other is required to be evaluated. This paper discusses the compatibility of CDR and RAVIS by conducting a number of tests and demonstrating the working efficiency of both systems under interference of the other. In the tests, Carrier-to-Noise-Threshold (C/N) for RAVIS under different channel models were tested. Signal-to-interference ratio (S/I) of both systems under interference of the other are evaluated.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) is a terrestrial audio broadcast system supporting Single Frequency Networks (SFN). SFNs are beneficial for the distribution of services in large areas, but do not support local services, i.e. different services from different transmitters, without distortion. However, some audio service providers rely on local services. A local service insertion technique for DAB SFNs that supports existing receivers was developed, tested and presented in a field trial in Braunschweig, Germany. The results showed that the local reception area is influenced by the remaining co-channel interference between various local services. In this paper, simulations and field trial measurements investigating dual-branch diversity to combat the co-channel interference are presented. An increase in robustness against co-channel interference of about 5 dB is found in comparison to single antenna reception.

The ubiquitous digitization which also affects the audio broadcasting technologies, has spawned multiple standards, such as IBOC/HD Radio, ISDB-TSB, DRM, DBM or DAB+ , out of which the latter has gained the wideset endorsement, especially among European countries. Despite requiring a ten-fold wider channel, it offers multiple advantages over the traditional analog (FM) broadcasting counterpart. These are enumerated and evaluated in terms of financial benefits, enhanced/new technological functionalities or even ecological aspects. Some of the highlights include the possibility of attaching synchronized images (even video clips), website broadcasting, journaline service, traffic messaging etc. from multiple broadcasters within a single multiplex (MUX) occupying a single frequency channel emitted from multiple sites simultaneously, forming so called a Single Frequency Network (SFN). The research part of the paper regards simulations obtained for a DAB+ SFN network, with a purpose of demonstrating how coverage will differ the coding rate which is the only variable parameter at an operator’s disposal, by means of which they can scale the audibility and data transmission range in digital audio broadcasting systems. A separate analysis is devoted to the SFN gain; an effect observed by users caused by the transmit diversity from multiple (three in the analyzed case) transmitters.

A number of emerging multimedia applications, such as webinars, require users to interact by exchanging media streams. In such application there are multiple interacting participants which both produce and consume media content and a set of participants which are only consumers. Keeping the end-to-end latency as low as possible while not violating bandwidth constraints is one of the most important requirements for this type of application. While there exists solutions to this problem for applications such as multi-party video conferencing, they rely on dedicated infrastructures which may be expensive and not available to all users. On the other hand, decentralized P2P solutions have been focusing on single source media streaming, which does not consider multiple interactive participants. In this paper, we propose Maelstream, a self-organizing media streaming solution that supports multiple interacting participants as well as a large number of consumers. Maelstream uses gossip protocols to generate multiple latency-aware streaming trees on top of a P2P overlay. We have evaluated our solution with simulations implemented using Peersim and ns-3 simulators, and compared Maelstream with Chunkyspread, an unstructured protocol capable of fine-tuning latency. We show that Maelstream can achieve low end-to-end latency and scales well with the number of streams.

The rapid development and implementation of wireless communication standards put increasing pressure on spectrum allocation, and therefore threaten the efficacy of radio astronomy. For example, digital audio broadcasting (DAB) is a wide-bandwidth broadcast technology that is now being implemented and has spectrum allocated in the L band. We demonstrate that standard narrowband subspace subtraction methods may provide insufficient suppression of such signals. We therefore propose two algorithms that take into account the non-narrowband nature of these signals. The first proposed algorithm is based on a flat-frequency-response model. The second is an approximation of the first that makes use of two frequency-shifted monochromatic sources (Zatman's model). An experimental demonstration of both proposed algorithms yielded an increase of approximately a factor six in bandwidth per channel that can be processed when compared to conventional narrowband techniques (for the same attenuation of the RFI signal). The performance of the two methods was identical for LOFAR station configurations with bandwidths between 763 Hz and 195 kHz. However, the model based on Zatman's algorithm required fewer operations (a speed-up of 1.3 was achieved). An equation is derived that gives the direction of arrival for a far-field non-narrowband signal that causes the greatest distortion of the visibilities. Another equation is derived for the appropriate frequency channel bandwidth at which to implement the proposed non-narrowband RFI mitigation algorithms.

In the age of digital media, delivering broadcast content to customers at an acceptable level of quality is one of the most challenging tasks. The most important factor is the efficient use of available resources, including bandwidth. An appropriate way of managing the digital multiplex is essential for both the economic and technical issues. In this paper we describe transmission quality measurements in the DAB+ broadcast system. We provide a methodology for analysing parameters and factors related with the efficiency and reliability of a digital radio link. We describe a laboratory stand that can be used for transmission quality assessment on a regional and national level.

In the age of digital media, delivering high quality content to consumers is one of the most demanding tasks. There exist numerous broadcasting standards, with different pros and cons, and the DAB/DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) system is one of the most popular among them. From an engineer’s perspective, efficient resource management under limited bandwidth conditions has always been a challenge. In this paper a subjective quality assessment study of the DAB and DAB+ broadcasting system is performed on a representative group of signal samples. It describes the radio link, including a fully functional transmitter designed for the purpose of this test, as well as the receiver side representing a commercially available consumer device, for a truly real-time and end-to-end quality evaluation.

This paper proposes an adaptive impedance matching subsystem, called self-structuring impedance matcher (SSIM), for in-vehicle digital audio broadcasting (DAB) applications. The goal of the SSIM is to make antennas originally aiming at other vehicular applications, such as a digital television (DTV, 470–894 MHz) and an interphone car radio (136–174 MHz), operate in the targeted DAB frequency band (170–240 MHz), thereby lowering the startup cost of DAB devices. The SSIM consists of a template of a matching circuit, a microprocessor, and a receiving-type sensor. The template uses a nonuniform microstrip line interconnected with relay switches. To enhance the dynamic range and reduce the insertion loss for the template simultaneously, this work employs a new design technique based on solving the mathematical programming problem of matching requirements. The resultant matching domain covers a large area of the Smith chart, although only five switches are used. Experimental results show that the SSIM successfully adapts an interphone/DTV antenna into a DAB receiving mode. The operational bandwidth meets the DAB specification, and the transducer gain is larger than −1.83 dB.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of Multicarrier Modulation (MCM) technique in which entire bandwidth is divided into large number of small sub-carriers and each subcarrier is transmitted parallel to achieve higher data rates. It has various applications like Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and wireless LAN.OFDM technique is widely used in wireless communication system because of its very high data rate. The performance of FFT based OFDM system using Linear and cyclic channel coding and Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) equalizer is simulated using simulink model. The BER saving using the optimized proposed model with both linear and cyclic channel coding along with CMA equalizer is evaluated. The proposed work using cyclic channel coding with QPSK/QAM modulation and CMA as channel equalization under AWGN channel results in 52.6% and 96.3% BER reduction as compared to conventional OFDM model without channel coding, channel equalization and channel fading. So, CMA equalizer is used to enhance the performance of OFDM system.

Radio is by far the most accessible medium. With its mobility and availability, it attracts listeners by its simplicity and friendliness. The present information situation is characterized by the convergence of computers, mobile devices, telecommunication and broadcasting technologies and the divergence of different ways of delivering and storing media. Consumers are overwhelmed by new electronic gadgets appearing every year. They are astonished by new technical innovations that are being designed to ease their life and change their habits. Even the broadcasting sector itself is facing significant changes, especially a growing competition between the private and public sector. This article reviews the current status of analog and digital broadcasting technologies. It analyzes a case study of user expectations related with today’s digital media, particularly radio transmission. We discuss the principal possibilities, limitations and user expectations related with digital audio broadcasting, as well as the economic, technological, regulatory and frequency management factors.

On the basis of reconnaissance of the radiation source in the environment, the non-cooperative detection radar can realize the detection of the target by considering the direct wave of the radiation source and the scattering echo of the target signal to the radiation source. The non-cooperative detection radars have been developed the sources of illumination, including analog television signals, FM(Frequency Modulation) radio signals, digital audio broadcasting, digital video broadcasting, communication satellites and GPS(Global Positioning System) satellites. Because of the characteristics of silent reception, bistatic, and the wide range of the electromagnetic wave signal, the passive detection radar has the incomparable advantage to the conventional active radar. Considering the amount of calculation, the system usually adopts two-coordinate system, which will bring positioning error According to the flight characteristics of civil aircraft, this paper proposes an iteratively improved measurement accuracy method Tests show that the method achieves good results.

As a modern technical means, emergency broadcasting plays an important role in responding to public emergencies, and is the best possible way to deal with these emergencies as recognized internationally. Based on the characteristics of China's digital audio broadcasting system CDR, this article proposes an emergency broadcasting transmission scheme and adaptation protocol that enables the dissemination of emergency broadcasting information using digital audio broadcasting channel. Compared with the use of RDS channel, using CDR channel for emergency broadcasting information transmission can reduce the emergency broadcast response time of the terminal by its high data transmission capability.

The main objective of this paper is to present a DAB protocol and a DAB grid agent prototype, as essential parts of a grid ancillary services operational model. The decentralized, small electric loads (electric vehicles, household-appliances, batteries, prosumers), clustered properly by aggregators are equipped in large amounts with the so called “grid-agents”. A grid-agent is a cost-effective, low-power, smart electric control unit consisting of a DAB+ receiver with embedded circuits for local grid voltage and frequency measurements and a microcontroller running algorithms for flexible load control. The grid-agent will optimize the electricity demand with respect to the grid status and/or to external commands received via DAB+. Moreover, especially suited for Transmission System Operators (TSOs), multi-load power facilities that are controlled by energy management systems through specific standards (e.g. KNX for hotels, Modbus for the industrial sector, etc) and even Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Distributed Generators (DGs) are equipped with a single DAB+ grid-agent.

Digital radio, in comparison to frequency modulated (FM) sound broadcasting in very high frequency (VHF) band II (87.6 MHz – 107.9 MHz), introduces new features to the sound broadcasting specially in the case of new content and provides new technical improvements such as different spectral efficiency, power consumption, sound quality and integration with social media and other platforms. FM sound broadcasting in VHF band II is widely spread worldwide analogue standard but it is limited for introduction of new radio programs with national coverage and in larger cities, due to overcrowded spectral usage and limitations of use in analogue technology. Regarding additional services, FM sound broadcasting can provide only radio data system (RDS). However, despite the fact that standard for digital sound broadcasting has advanced properties and possibilities its deployment is still rather poor. With the exception of Norway, the majority of countries still haven’t made any decision about digital switchover nor made complete transition to digital radio. This paper briefly describes the perspective of digital radio development in Croatia from the point of its introduction in 1997 as digital audio broadcasting (DAB), to the phase of experimental work as DAB+ during the period of 12 months in 2017 and 2018. Also, some criteria for switchover and transition to digital sound broadcasting that are common in different countries across the Europe are presented in this document.

Passive bistatic radar (PBR) has become an emerging technology because it allows target detection and localization with advantages such as low cost, covert detection, anti-stealth, etc. However, these researches mainly focus on communication systems, such as FM radio, TV broadcasting, digital video broadcasting and digital audio broadcasting. Compared with these illuminator of opportunity, a PRI-agile phased array radar is especially attractive for high power, flexible beam pattern, angular diversity and more degrees of freedom. In this paper, we introduce an experimental study of PBR utilizing a PRI-agile phased array radar as uncooperative transmitter. The procedure of the proposed method is explained in detail, which is then followed by a field experiment. Preliminary results show that the proposed method can be a feasible solution for target detection and localization using uncooperative PRI-agile phased array radar.

With the rapid development of Ethernet and IP technology, digital audio broadcasting over IP becomes the urgent question for radio stations. This paper analyses the facing problems for real-time transmission of digital audio over IP network, and discusses the corresponding solutions, focusing on the introduction of AoIP and AVB technology, and gives the application scheme of the actual. The solution also has a large number of applications in actual projects, which has the reality instruction significance.

$%&'()*+,-./0 1 10234 5, 6 78 9 :1 ; >?@* 0AB: CD>? EFG H( 5 *I DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting)I : JHK, *:ATSC(Advanced Television Systems Committee)GLM&NI O. J (P=>>?/O >?QRST &' U*VW XCY, *&Z[ =\ U , ]^_`EFG 9Rabc? >?de*fbg Ghi*j kHlV O.AbstractIn this paper, Method for the phase distortion compensation timing offset and DC eliminator for the pilot component estimation and removal, transmitted and received signal correlation in the delay scheme DAB interference cancellation based on the same channel for using for estimating the feedback signal based on a between for removal for the timing offset compensation It proposes a repeater. This was applied to the ATSC system. The on-channel repeater of the proposed interference cancellation based on the interference removing capability is improved in interference signal is 20dB greater than the primary transmission signal environment via the return channel estimation and improve performance RFP. Accordingly, it was confirmed by simulation that good signal is sent out with the improvement of the ability of the repeater.Keywords : ATSC system, on-channel repeater, interference cancellation

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has great demand in wideband digital communication. It encodes the data on multiple carrier frequencies. Its application areas are digital audio broadcasting and high definition television, wireless network, 4G mobile communications. Due to its great advantages like it provides high spectral efficiency, remove inter symbol interference, reduced nonlinear distortion it is widely used for communication purpose. Major problem of this scheme is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). To overcome this problem i.e. PAPR, here in this paper we figure out different reduction techniques, there pros and cons and also find Selective Mapping (SLM) is better technique due to its several advantages with reduced PAPR and better Bit Error Rate (BER) which is discussed further in this paper.

The Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) digital radio standard is the only one recommended by the ITU to be used in Short Wave bands. These bands present unique characteristics for the broadcasting, very big coverage areas and long-range transmission. But they suffer of complicated propagation channel with big time variations that make difficult the regular broadcasting operation. In order to evaluate the DRM performance, field trials were made in Brazil by the Brazilian Government. The objective was to evaluate DRM technology for long-range transmission in Short Wave frequencies. In this paper, the results of these field trials are explained. Two frequencies were used during a period of three weeks at different hours of the day. The transmission was made from French Guyana and the reception was tested in Brasilia.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient modulation technique for high data rate communication systems such as Digital audio broadcasting, DSL internet access, 4G etc. Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is one of major problems in OFDM system. In this paper, a combined Nth root technique with other conventionally established methods such as Clipping, SLM and PTS is proposed. An elaborate analysis is carried out by plotting CCDF curve in MATLAB demonstrating a picturesque comparison between our proposed technique and other methods individually. The obtained results show that the proposed system is better than its competitors when considering the three performance criteria together. For depicting PAPR reduction CCDF curve will be plotted by MATLAB.

The main goal of digital broadcasting is to deliver high-quality content with the lowest possible bitrate. This paper is focused on transmitting alarm information, such as emergency warning and alerting, in the DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) broadcasting system. These additional services should be available at the lowest possible bitrate, in order to provide a clear and understandable voice message to people. Furthermore, additional information should not put stress on the ensemble management process, nor affect full-time audio services.

For many years, the matter of designing a transmitter network, optimized for best signal coverage, has been a subject of intense research. In the last decade, numerous researchers and institutions used GIS and spatial analysis tools for network planning, especially transmitter location. Currently, many existing systems operate in a strictly two-dimensional manner, not taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the analyzed landscape. Moreover, systems that utilize a digital terrain model in their analyzes also resort to a basic viewshed model. Due to recent adoption of mobile LiDAR scanners, the number of three-dimensional terrain information, including location and height of natural and man-made objects, is growing rapidly. In this paper, we propose a novel web-based GIS tool for three-dimensional simulation and analysis of radio signal coverage, dedicated to DAB+ terrestrial broadcasting network planning.

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) describes a terrestrial audio broadcast transmission system that is used widely. DAB employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing which allow the operation as a Single Frequency Network (SFN). The distribution of audio services in large areas via SFNs is beneficial, but SFNs do not allow local services, i.e., different services from different transmitters, without distortion. Yet some audio service providers rely on local services. In this paper a Local Service Insertion (LSI) technique for DAB SFNs that supports existing receivers is presented and first results of a field trial in Braunschweig, Germany, are shown. DAB uses differential modulation which makes it difficult to introduce local services into an SFN as other services in the ensemble will be distorted. The technique inserts an additional phase reference symbol in the DAB transmission frame which eliminates the distortion of global services introduced by local services. The reception area of a local service measured in the field trial is shown and the required signal-to-interference ratio for reception examined for different code rates.

Beginning in the late 1960s, AM's listenership declined as FM fine-tuned its sound. AM signals have wider geographic reach, but FM stereo sound is better. Poor fidelity, static, inadequate fine-tuning, programming difficulties and other factors all contribute to the withering of AM, and more investigation clearly is needed to pinpoint possible solutions. Technical parity with FM obviously tops the list of AM's problems. Signal interference remains a formidable obstacle to better AM reception. Many see digital audio broadcasting (DAB) as another possible panacea, but the optimists neglect the fact that the improved in-band DAB signal for AM may be matched by even greater sound improvements in competing FM. Internal competition is fierce throughout broadcasting, of course, and adding to radio-operator angst in the 1990s is the introduction of cable audio services, such as Digital Cable Radio and Digital Planet and the seemingly inevitable advent of direct-to-listener satellite radio formats.

For many countries financing new DAB technology presents a certain challenge arising from high public sector deficit and debt. Decision makers in the public sector have been facing budgetary restrictions along with significant market demand for new technologies. The solution could be found in private sector participation. The main aim of such cooperation is the risk and reward principle. Both the public and the private sectors retain their own identity and responsibility while the co-operation is based on clearly defined divisions of tasks and risks. The private sector has a new opportunity to raise maximum value for money while the public sector can deliver better quality of infrastructure at lower prices or same quality but with significant savings.

During 2017, digital audio broadcasting (DAB) replaces frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting and becomes the only technology for national terrestrial audio broadcasting services in Norway. As Norway is the first country that replaces FM completely with DAB, it is of great importance to measure the signal strength of such a technology in massive deployments and to tune a simulation model as a reference for future studies. Therefore, field measurements of received signal strength are carried out in a typical Norwegian area in this work. Based on the data obtained from the measurements, a simulator with a recent empirical propagation model, namely, ITU-R P.1546-5, has been calibrated. The findings, in short, suggest that different clutter codes and attenuation parameters have to be tuned according to the measurement results in order to increase the precision of the simulation model. By properly tuning the parameters in the model, the precision has increased 91.7% compared with the default configuration. In addition, the tuned model is validated through another field measurement in a different area and obtains an increased precision of 72.9%.

The digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system is mainly designed for large-area coverage and is suited for a single-frequency network (SFN) operating in Very High Frequency (VHF) Band III. To operate successfully, the SFN requires a different network-planning approach for multiple-frequency networks and should avoid self-interference. This paper focuses on nationwide SFN planning and DAB channel-allocation planning to replace all frequency-modulation (FM) services with terrestrial DAB services in VHF Band III. In South Korea, VHF Band III has been used for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) services; thus, available frequencies should be investigated for T-DAB services and the nationwide SFN. An approach for broadcasting channel-interference analysis is proposed herein. For the interference analysis, the geographical features and the information for stations of legacy FM radio broadcasting and T-DMB, such as transmission parameters, are considered. The ratio of the interference area to the coverage is calculated via the channel-interference analysis. Areas affected by the self-interference in the nationwide SFN are investigated. The results of this paper provide insights regarding channel-allocation planning for T-DAB services and an approach for nationwide SFN planning.

This paper presents the PODCAST project (platform for the optimization of the distribution using data from smart meters and distributed storage systems). The project aims at identifying and implementing solutions for the management of active distribution networks, with the presence of distributed generation, possibly controllable loads and distributed storage systems. The architecture of the proposed system is presented and the advanced functionalities, which will be added to an existing platform for the management of distribution networks, are described.

There are two common classes of audio, speech and music, in broadcast. An algorithm of segment and classification of audio designed in this paper will be applied to audio equalizer in the digital audio broadcasting transmitter. The algorithm described is based on zero crossing rate and energy that are able to separated non-silence segments from audio, and on Modified low energy ratio (MLER) and maximum likelihood criterion, which provides the ability to distinguish the two classes, speech and music. Modified low energy ratio is obtained on the basis of energy resulting in low computational complexity, leading to runs easily in real time. Experiment results to data show performance with the accuracy rate of over 96%.

Following Uganda Communications Commission (UCC)'s interest in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) introduction; a network architecture is proposed in this paper and propagation distances predicted for DAB. Using ITU-R curves, field strength values are obtained and minimum field strength values determined for DAB frequencies in the 3rd and L bands. Distances of adequate reception are then established for 1 kW ERP. Band III yields wider propagation frequency-dependent distances, than L-band, of up to 59.36 or 68.7 km for 150 m transmit-antenna height and 74.26 or 83.63 km for 300 m transmit-antenna height. Band III usage is recommended in an asymmetrical network.

This chapter is devoted to OFDM fundamentals and applications to wireless and optical communications. The chapter starts with the basic of OFDM including the generation of OFDM signal by inverse FFT. After that several basic manipulations on OFDM symbols, required to deal with multipath effects in wireless communications and dispersion effects in fiber-optics communications, including guard time and cyclic extension as well as the windowing operation, are described. Next, the bandwidth efficiency of OFDM is discussed. The next topic in the chapter is devoted to the OFDM system design, description of basic OFDM blocks, and OFDM-based parallel channel decomposition, including multipath fading radio and dispersion-dominated channels decomposition. Following the description of coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) principles, the basic estimation and compensation steps, common to both wireless and optical communication systems, are described including DFT windowing, frequency synchronization, phase estimation, and channel estimation. Regarding the channel estimation, both pilot-aided and data-aided channel estimation techniques are described. Following the differential detection in OFDM description, the focus is on various applications of OFDM in wireless communications including digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting (DVB), WiFi, LTE, WiMAX, and ultra-wideband communication (UWB). Next, optical OFDM applications are discussed starting with description of basic OFDM system types such as CO-OFDM and direct-detection optical OFDM (DDO-OFDM) systems. Regarding the high-speed spectrally efficient CO-OFDM systems, the polarization-division multiplexed OFDM systems and OFDM-based superchannel optical transmission systems are described. Before the concluding remarks, the application of OFDM in multimode fiber links is described.

China's digital audio broadcasting FM-CDR (Convergent Digital Radio) uses the 87–108MHz frequency band, which is adjacent to the frequency range of the aeronautical radio navigation service, so research on the compatibility between digital sound-broadcasting service and aeronautical radio navigation is very important to promote the development and popularization of FM-CDR. This paper introduces the research situation and related test results of compatibility between FM-CDR and ILS (Instrument Landing System) /VOR (VHF omnidirectional radio range).

We have witnessed a drastic increase in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in optical community in recent years. OFDM is a type of signal modulation. OFDM divides high data rate modulating stream into many slow modulated narrowband subcarriers. Thus, it is less sensitive to frequency fading. OFDM is used for many of the latest wireless and telecommunications. OFDM technique is used in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), HDTV, Wireless LAN. In OFDM the spectrum of individual subcarrier is overlapped with minimum frequency spacing, which is carefully designed so that each subcarrier is orthogonal to each other. In the 1980s, OFDM was studied for high speed modems digital mobile communication, and high recording. This paper deals with the Review of optical OFDM.

Digital Audio Broadcasting Plus (DAB+) is the standard for radio broadcasting which intends to replace analog FM radio in Europe and the digital switchover has already started. This paper addresses the impact that the transition from analog (FM) to digital (DAB+) sound broadcasting has on the preservation of environment, presented through a case study on existing and future Croatian sound broadcasting terrestrial network(s). New digital (DAB+) network is modelled with coverage comparable to six existing national FM networks in Croatia. Number and output power of transmitters within respective network, total used frequency spectrum, radiated output powers (ERP) and cumulated electromagnetic near field strength on characteristic transmitting sites is analyzed. Comparing those existing FM networks and new DAB+ network, the reduction on energy consumption, the savings in frequency spectrum and the reduction of non-ionizing radiation are presented. The impact of the digital compared to the analog radio broadcasting on the environmental preservation is quantified through the reduction in carbon footprint and electromagnetic pollution.

This electronic record portrays the technique for usage of Fast Fourier transform for wireless communication systems, like OFDM, digital video broadcasting, digital audio broadcasting, and worldwide inter-operability for microwave access. The high speed and low area FFT algorithm using CORDIC and radix 2⁁5 calculation is proposed here. CORDIC is fundamentally DSP application yet here it is utilized for twiddle component augmentation. Radix 2⁁5 fft calculation is utilized for lessening of complex duplication. The proposed computation minimizes the amount of multipliers. Plot outlines show that the FFT arranged by the proposed framework shows a lower hardware with more quality than existing systems. Our designed has a working frequency up to 420.203 MHZ. CORDIC computation is executed in both MATLAB and in Xilinx on Virtex-5.

Current broadcast systems make use of either single frequency networks (SFNs) or multifrequency networks (MFNs) to distribute content. However, neither of the topologies is efficient to distribute both global and local content at the same time. While SFNs are ideal for delivering global content in a frequency- and power-efficient way, MFNs are well-suited to deliver local content to the desired reception areas. This paper describes a technique to allow local service insertion (LSI) in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) SFNs. DAB has been in use for several years around the world. Proposals for LSI have been made before. However, those considerations focused on the transmission modes (TMs) II and III, which are no more supported in the current version of the DAB standard. Another approach is the use of small power transmitters resulting in a limited coverage area. Differential modulation makes it difficult to introduce local services into an SFN. The technique presented in this paper uses an artificial phase reference symbol consistent with differential modulation. Furthermore, this approach is compatible with TM I and supports existing DAB receivers. The proposed LSI technique is described in this paper and analyzed in terms of requirements for the services. Signal-to-noise ratio requirements are also evaluated.